Stable Phrases Research Articles

Study of Cultural and National Specifics of Russian and Kazakh Phraseological Phrases in University Language Classes

The article is devoted to the study of Russian and Kazakh phraseological units, which are products of linguistic folk consciousness as the materialization of the experience of generations and individual representatives of the ethnic group. It is revealed that the phraseological fund of a language records and reflects the social and cultural experience of a particular community, and is reflected both in the universal, common to all humanity, and in the unique, national-cultural picture of the world. The conceptual and phraseological aspect of the study of stable phrases through the national cultural code is highlighted in the light of modern linguocultural research, and a comparative description of phraseological units of the Kazakh and Russian languages is provided. The expediency of conducting experimental studies (questionnaires) is substantiated to reveal the degree of assimilation of phraseological units by recipients and the effectiveness of their use in speech. An educational longread has been created as a tool for digital linguodidactics in the study of Russian and Kazakh phraseological units, effective methods for introducing phraseological units into speech have been selected. The materials presented in the article can contribute to the construction of a productive intercultural dialogue, in which it is important not only to understand the language of another people, but also to master the cultural values of this people, perceive their national specifics, and assimilate those components that make up the national cultural code of the picture of the world under study.

FOLK THINKING AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL TOOL FOR THE REGULATION OF ETHNIC BEHAVIOR

The article refers to the verbal formulaic structures that strengthen the self-composition of a person in extreme situations, which have been crystalized and perceived by the people over time, becoming a unique tool for self-defense. Speech practices are very important from the point of view of the preservation of the given ethnos and as embodiments of clarification of thought, they are reflected in the decisive moments in the life of the nation or people, especially in the context of great psychological tension (natural disaster, flood, disaster, war, etc.). We see the formation of a verbal saying as a unique result of the perceptive experience of the eternal mind or as a type of oral tradition that arose on the basis of archetypal thinking. The phrases in question have accompanied the humankind through history and have been conceived by practices over the centuries, being accepted as traditional behaviors in the given community, they influence the behavior of ethnocrats and provide super-orienting references. Stable phrases awaken stronger voice than our own: the speaker with folk oral thinking speaks with a thousands of voices, captivates and humbles, elevates what is described from the singular and temporary to the realm of eternal existence. In an extreme state, we implement the forms and content of speech that our mental world needs and that correspond to the content of our life.

PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATION STUDIES IN THE STUDY OF ENGLISH IDIOMS

This article discusses problems of translation studies in the study of English idioms, their meaning and classification, as well as the influence of idioms on speech, language learning, and literature. English in the modern world is one of the main languages spoken by more than a billion people. It has a huge history, during which many stable phrases and expressions were included in it. Idioms exist in almost all languages; they are phrases or expressions that have a symbolic meaning and cannot be understood in a literal sense. Reflecting everyday situations and metaphors, idioms help convey certain ideas or concepts in language.

The Conceptual and Categorical Apparatus of the Russian Middle Ages: Problems of Modern Interpretation

Introduction. The conceptual and categorical apparatus of medieval political and legal doctrine is currently little studied by the humanities. Unfortunately, it has been ignored by historians of state and law, political and legal doctrines, which often leads to the substitution of terms, their incorrect interpretation and use without taking into account their historical and modern content. Theoretical Basis. Methods. To obtain a scientific result, historical, historical-comparative and hermeneutic research methods, general logical techniques were used. Results. The article critically analyzes the basic concepts of the Russian medieval state and law of the XI–XIII centuries and draws attention to the need to correctly determine their essential properties, signs and patterns. Discussion and Conclusion. The value of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of any, including medieval, political and legal science is justified by the accurate interpretation and use of words and stable phrases expressed in concepts and categories, taking into account their historical content. It is unacceptable to use a modern conceptual and categorical apparatus without proper argumentation in relation to the Russian Middle Ages, since this will lead to the substitution of concepts or their identification, unjustifiably narrowing or expanding their content, and ultimately inadequate scientific conclusions.

Протекционистская языковая политика в Министерстве обороны Российской федераци

The article substantiates the role of protectionist language policy in the light of modern problems of language safety and the need to preserve and maintain the Russian language as the state language. It is proposed to generalize positive experiences. As a part of this task, a set of measures is considered to maintain and use the Russian language, functioning as the state language, applied in the central apparatus of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The Regulations of the Russian Ministry of Defense, the Instructions for office work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, methodological manuals for the preparation of documentation have been studied, and the everyday practice of submitting documents and the organizational component of the army language policy have been examined. The presence (and the compliance) of strict requirements for the normative use of the Russian language, the functioning and consistency and stability of terminology, the practice of documentation and genre features of texts, the difficulties of the Russian language, stable phrases and abbreviations has been established. The wording of the rules is concise and accompanied by detailed examples of their use. Particularly noted is the extremely significant resistance to translingualism (and, in fact, to pidginization) in the context of the globalization reduction of languages. Opposition to pidginization is expressed by a ban on foreign language inclusions in texts, a negligible number of borrowings, and the almost exclusive use of the Cyrillic alphabet. A conclusion is drawn about the positive role of the Ministry of Defense in preserving and maintaining the Russian language, functioning as a state language.The article substantiates the role of protectionist language policy in the light of modern problems of language safety and the need to preserve and maintain the Russian language as the state language. It is proposed to generalize positive experiences. As a part of this task, a set of measures is considered to maintain and use the Russian language, functioning as the state language, applied in the central apparatus of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The Regulations of the Russian Ministry of Defense, the Instructions for office work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, methodological manuals for the preparation of documentation have been studied, and the everyday practice of submitting documents and the organizational component of the army language policy have been examined. The presence (and the compliance) of strict requirements for the normative use of the Russian language, the functioning and consistency and stability of terminology, the practice of documentation and genre features of texts, the difficulties of the Russian language, stable phrases and abbreviations has been established. The wording of the rules is concise and accompanied by detailed examples of their use. Particularly noted is the extremely significant resistance to translingualism (and, in fact, to pidginization) in the context of the globalization reduction of languages. Opposition to pidginization is expressed by a ban on foreign language inclusions in texts, a negligible number of borrowings, and the almost exclusive use of the Cyrillic alphabet. A conclusion is drawn about the positive role of the Ministry of Defense in preserving and maintaining the Russian language, functioning as a state language.

Coloronyms in the phraseological picture of the world in languages of different structure: linguocultural and pragmatic aspect

Relevance. The relevance of this work is determined by the need for a comprehensive study of the national phraseological picture of the world through cultural, social, pragmatic, geographical factors influencing the transmission of extralingual reality through language nominations, including the expression of an ambivalent idea of the world through understanding the specifics of the lexico-semantic and communicative nature of idioms. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to analyze the parameters and characteristics of phraseological units in the Kazakh and English cultural traditions, to study the lexical-semantic field of coloronyms in the declared languages from the point of view of the communicative nature of these units. Methodology. The method of work is based on a comparative study of phraseological units using linguocultural, communicative-pragmatic, and semantic methods. Results. In this article, a comparative analysis of Kazakh and English phraseological units based on coloronymic vocabulary was made. Linguocultural and pragmatic aspects of the study of idiomatic expressions were considered. An idea was formed about the phraseological picture of the world of Kazakhs and Englishmen. Stylistic parameters, including positive and negative connotations, were evaluated. The ambivalence of stable phrases with a core coloronym was examined. Examples of frequently occurring phrases in Kazakh and English were given. Comparisons were made between different idioms. Additionally, the results of the work were compared with the findings of modern linguists. Conclusions. The study reveals profound cultural, social, and pragmatic influences shaping the phraseological landscape in Kazakh and English, with a specific focus on coloronyms. Through comparative analysis, it elucidates the nuanced ambivalence and stylistic connotations inherent in these idioms. This research enhances our understanding of how color-based phraseological units reflect and convey intricate aspects of lexical semantics and communication in both linguistic traditions. Keywords: idiom; color; semantics; connotation; communicative nature

Structural and stylistic features of german phraseological units with a coloronym component

The article presents an analysis of the structural and stylistic features of German phraseological units with a coloronym component and considers the peculiarities of the relations between the components of these constructions. The point of view established in linguistics is that stable phrases with adjectives expressing basic color concepts are phraseological units. The author identifies and structures nominal and verbal groups of phraseological units with a coloronym component, presents an analysis of the relationship between the components of stable phrases containing a color designation. It was found that the functions of classification and amplification stand out as the main functions of coloronym adjectives within a stable phrase. The theoretical and practical significance of the study consists in substantiating the originality of structural and stylistic features of German phraseological units with coloronym adjectives, which is due to the degree of cohesion and the nature of rethinking the components of the structure. The possibility of using an adjective as a semantically pivotal word in a stable phrase is proved.

Особенности сочетаемости местоимения что-то с постпозитивными прилагательными в текстах разных стилей

The article considers some syntagmatic properties of the Russian indefinite pronoun chto-to [something]. The aim of the work is to identify the features of combining chto-to with full postpositive adjectives in texts of different styles. The problem is solved on the basis of corpus data. These involve materials from various stylistically marked corpora (subcorpora of academic, official, fiction, theological texts in the main corpus of the Russian National Corpus; a subcorpus of the national media in the media corpus of the Russian National Corpus; poetry and spoken corpora of the Russian National Corpus; subcorpora of Internet news, LiveJournal, VKontakte and the Magazine Hall of the General Internet-Corpus of Russian). The methodology of the work includes the method of extracting collocations (statistically stable phrases) from the corpus and the method of the accuracy of the syntagmatic connection between the components of collocations. The study found that the combination “chto-to + a full adjective” is statistically stable. The calculation of the strength of the syntagmatic connection between its components in different stylistically marked corpora shows that there is a significant variation between the corpora. The method of the automatic extraction of collocations reveals 19 adjectives that have the highest indexes of the strength of the syntagmatic connection with chto-to. The strength of the syntagmatic connection with each of these adjectives is studied in different stylistically marked corpora. In each of the 19 cases, an intercorporal variation is detected. The obtained statistical data are interpreted linguistically. The fact that the strength of the connection between the components of the combination “chto-to + a full adjective” varies depending on the genre-style register is explained by the varying degree of accuracy and objectivity of texts of different registers. Combinations like “chto-to + a full adjective” mark inaccuracy and subjectivity, and therefore they are the least stable in texts of styles that are characterized by accuracy and objectivity (official-business, educational-scientific texts), and the most stable in texts of inaccurate and subjective styles (blog texts, colloquial speech, prose fiction texts). The variation in the strength of the syntagmatic connection of the pronoun chto-to with a specific adjective in texts of different styles is often determined by the semantics of this adjective. The semantics of an adjective may prevent its connection with the pronoun chto-to in texts of a certain style, and may contribute to such a connection: for example, the semantics of the adjective noven’kiy [(diminutive) new] prevents its connection with the pronoun chto-to in theological texts, but contributes to its connection with the pronoun chto-to in newspaper texts.

Жаргонні фразеологізми в масмедійному дискурсі ХХІ сторіччя

The article examines phraseology from various slangs that function in the mass media discourse of the beginning of the 21st century. These are mostly units that have not yet been recorded in Ukrainian sociolect dictionaries. It is noted that modern mass media began to more actively use non-codified stable phrases and expressions from various slangs. Cases of reinterpretation of such language units by journalists have also been recorded. Often this is done at the request of the day. The main factors contributing to the processes of intensive entry and use of the analyzed units in mass media discourse are presented: 1) significant democratization of Ukrainian society in the analyzed period, which contributed to linguistic democratization; 2) activation of the tendency to colloquialization in many radio and television programs, newspapers and magazines; 3) change in the language tastes of Ukrainians; 4) non-acceptance by modern readers, listeners and viewers of dry, vague language, clichés, clericalisms, stamps; 5) originality, novelty, and most importantly – expressiveness, emotionality, imagery, and often aptness and wit of slang phraseology; 6) the tendency to language economy, which is manifested in the desire to use short, but extremely comprehensive in terms of semantics units; 7) the tendency to erase the boundaries between functional styles, the significant influence of the conversational style on others. It was found that phraseological units from the sports, youth, automotive, military, economic, journalistic social dialects, less often – drug addiction, artistic, and sailors' slang are actively used in the texts of the mass media of the 21st century. It was found that the named sociolectisms mainly perform nominative, informative and evaluative functions in modern media discourse.

CONCEPTUAL FIELDS THAT MAKE UP THE CONCEPT OF «HOPE»

The etymology of the concept of hope is revealed in the article, its conceptual analysis is carried out, conceptual fields are defined. The purpose of the article is to compare the concept of hope and its ethymon, to comprehend the level of knowledge of hope accumulated in the human mind in creating a linguistic picture of the world, to determine the conceptual fields that make up the macro concept of hope. During the disclosure of the above tasks, the scientific opinions of scientists are analyzed. In revealing the nature of the concept of hope in the Kazakh worldview, etymological, conceptual, comparative methods of analysis are used. Examples of its structural types are given, which have their own significance in revealing the essence of the concept. It was found that when grouping stable phrases and proverbs depending on the conceptual fields of the concept of hope, it becomes the basic concept. The research results, conclusions and judgments in the article can be used in lectures on cognitive linguistics, linguoculturology, ethnolinguistics, etymology, psycholinguistics, special courses on the theory of concepts, as well as in the compilation of concepts and dictionaries of the conceptual field. And the structural types of the concept of hope and the conceptual analysis on them are of great practical importance.

PSYCHOLOGIC-PEDAGOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF STUDYING GERMAN SOCIAL DISCOURSE (BASED ON VOCABULARY MATERIAL FROM HANDBUCH KNIGGE BY BIRGIT ALTHAUS)

On the basis of modern approaches, the article substantiates the problems of learning the vocabulary of German social discourse in classes at higher education institutions. The definition of discourse has been clarified according to various theories and approaches. The main aspects of studying the vocabulary of social discourse are highlighted. Based on the systematization and generalization of the theoretical assets of domestic and foreign researchers, as well as through comparative analysis, the main methods of learning social vocabulary were established: 1) use of factual material with a sufficient number of texts on social topics; 2) study of stable phrases and clichés; 3) the possibility of forming language competence with a set of exercises; 4) creation of conditions for independent work of students; 5) use of dictionaries and reference books. The method of working with the book Handbuch Knigge by Birgit Althaus, which is devoted to the rules of behavior and etiquette in various situations of everyday communication, is described. Based on the text, the choice of vocabulary of social discourse for students is substantiated (compound words, established clichés, non-equivalent vocabulary, idiomatic expressions, etc.). It was determined that vocabulary of social discourse has recently become one of the most studied spheres in modern linguistics. A comprehensive approach to the problem of learning social vocabulary stimulates the formation of language competence, which in turn leads to the formation of a holistic view of the culture and language of the German people. According to this, the research of social vocabulary for students with the aim of its further use in some day-to-day situations is promising.
 Keywords: social discourse; compound noun; stable expression; correct use; background knowledge; language competence; speech situation; mentality.

Conceptualization of the "image of the future" and the "image of the city" and their mutual heuristic potential

The article is devoted to the consideration of the variants of the meaning of the scientific categories "image of the future" and "image of the city". The subject of the study is the process of forming the conceptual certainty of these stable phrases. Hermeneutical analysis acts as its leading method, aimed at identifying the meanings in which the analyzed phrases are used. Comparative analysis allows us to establish the heuristic potential of the concepts "image of the future" and "image of the city" used in one study. In the article, the author examines the emergence of the analyzed concepts in the second half of the 20th century, their functioning in various scientific contexts. Special attention is paid to their heuristic potential within the framework of social philosophy. The scientific novelty of the study consists in distinguishing four meanings of the concept of "image of the city" – as "image of a real city", in which, based on personal impressions, a generalized representation is formed that captures the uniqueness of a particular urban space, "artistic image of the city" captured in painting, literature, cinema, music, "stereotypical image of the city" as generalized-the normative idea of a well-known, historically significant city, and the "philosophical image of the city" as a speculative model of human settlement, the main parameters of which are socially determined. The main conclusions of the behavioral research concern the possibility of considering the image of the city as an element of the image of the future, capturing ideas about society, its structure, economy, politics, spiritual practices, social expectations of the time in which it is created. The author of the article suggests considering the study of the image of the city as one of the methods of studying the images of the future.

"WORLD ORDER" IN THE LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL WORLDVIEW OF THE ICONIC LINGUISTIC PERSONALITY OF HENRY KISSINGER

Aim. To analyze the set of language tools used by H. Kissinger for the most vivid and convincing description of various modern political systems, which, to a large extent, reflects the linguistic and cultural worldview of H. Kissinger’s linguistic personality.Methodology. In the course of considering the features of ways and means of reflecting an adequate linguistic and cultural worldview of the author, the interdisciplinary approach is used, which includes the possibility of using a set of methods and research techniques for analyzing texts with rich political content, such as component analysis based on dictionary definitions, contextual and comparative analysis.Results. The study of the linguistic and cultural worldview of the iconic linguistic personality of Henry Kissinger on the material of his book "World Order" illustrates the author's peculiar use of rational arguments (reasonableness, accuracy of selected ideologues, political terms and phrases, logical presentation of the material, validity and scrupulousness of the facts presented), expressed by ideologems inherent in this genre of political communication, stable phrases and terms, as well as linguistic means aimed at the emotional side of information perception, both lexical (epithets, metaphors, etc.) and syntactic (paradoxical antithesis constructions).Research implications. The results of the scientific research contribute to the further development of the theory of the linguistic worldview as a clearly structured multilevel system. Its description on the example of the linguistic and cultural picture of various types of the world order, proposed by H. Kissinger, the analysis of the corresponding set of language tools also helps better understand the argumentation of different sides of the political process.

Methods of teaching phraseological units in the context of polylingualism

The methodology of teaching different types of phraseological units of English is discussed language. Phraseological units, the meaning of which is difficult to deduce from the lexical elements that compose them, are highlighted. It is argued that a full-fledged lexical competence includes possessing a certain number of stable phrases of the studied language. A methodological approach is proposed that allows the use of phraseological units as material for activating communicative competence. After the appearance of the phraseological unit, its literal translation is given, then it is carried out oral discussion of what this phraseology can mean. During the discussion (including erroneous and inaccurate interpretations), communication participants identify semantic nuances for themselves that will help them develop language thinking and language guesswork. At the last stage, students are asked to recall a Russian phraseology with the same meaning. The procedure was successfully tested in classes with students of a language university.

Speech acts and Russian text-generating discourse

The relevance of the study is determined by the hidden turbulence of such concepts often used in Russian studies as “speech activity”, “speech acts” and “discourse”. The aim of the work is to determine the genetic connections of this trinity and the functional purpose of each of the categories under consideration. The main research means is the authors’ method of discursive-modus analysis of artistic speech. The research materials were dictionary definitions from explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language, in particular from “Dictionary of expressive stable phrases of the Russian language” compiled by V.Ju. Melikyan, as well as utterances extracted from the Russian National Corpus. The authors found that the communicative-speech act is a synergistic combination of mental-psychic and speech activity. Mental-psychic activity involves mental acts - the thought processes of the communicant at the moment of his locative readiness to make a statement and psychic activity of searching for adequate ways to reflect a communicatively significant event in the discursive consciousness of the communicants. Mental-psychic activity encodes and decodes the semantic content of the author's intentions with the help of the means of the language system. Speech activity produces speech acts - functional units of speech communication embodying a purposeful speech action. In conclusion, the categorical essence of the speech act and discourse are generalized. The perspective of the research is the development of a cognitive-pragmatic theory of speech-thinking activity based on the material of the Russian language.

INNOVATIVE VOCABULARY IN THE LANGUAGE OF MODERN WEB MEDIA (COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE UKRAINIAN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES)

The article has compared the specifics of neologisms in English and Ukrainian languages. The aim of our study was to establish a comparative relationship between the specifics of neologisms in both languages in the modern Web Media. It has been found out that innovative vocabulary appears during important periods of time (such as Pandemic 2019 and Military Actions in Ukraine 2022). During our theoretical research, analytical review, generalization and concretization have been used as the main methods. Thus, although the problems of neologisms and innovative vocabulary are not one-sided, the analysis of their identification criteria, which exists in modern linguistics, allowed us to determine the main features, based on which the research and classification of neologisms will become easier and clearer, and it will also help to reveal the potential of neologisms more widely. In our opinion, such an indicator as a criterion of time from 5 to 20 years should be attributed to them, it is the period of time that can be defined as a certain period of development of the studied language. The next characteristic of neologisms is the presence of a certain or partial uncharacteristic or atypicality of language norms. Also, it should be noted that one of the features of neologisms usage is the fact that they are used by the majority of native speakers while preserving the connotation of novelty. Taking into account all of the above, we come to the conclusion that neologisms relate to a certain class of words. Neologisms are words or stable phrases that are new in content or form. They retain their connotation of novelty and relevance for a limited period of time. Neologisms have formed semantic, pragmatic and stylistic features and sometimes they can be recorded in the lexicographic literature. Having investigated the issue of neologisms classification, we came to the conclusion that there is no single classification and usually these language units are classified according to different features. Such features include the following: type of linguistic unit, type of denotation, method of formation, conditions of the method of formation, target purpose. Regarding the method of formation, neologisms are divided into borrowings, morphological, phonological and syntactic. In Ukrainian language, the suffix method of creating neologisms is the most frequent, and in English language they are contamination, truncation and conversion.

Zemlya: Linguistic and Cultural Semantics

Modern linguistics pays special attention to semantic areas that correlate with the basic concepts of universal significance and in many ways form a person's idea of themselves and the reality around them. In dialects, where vibrant dialectal features are gradually being lost, these basic concepts preserve the territorial characteristics of their scope and content. Based on the analysis of the semantics and compatibility of the word zemlyá (earth) and its derivatives, the article defines the scope and content of the universal concept “ZEMLYA”, characteristic of the bearers of the traditional folk culture of the Russian North. The article describes customs, beliefs and prohibitions associated with the earth or land. The earth appears in them as the mother earth, mother, mom, the earth is holy, it feeds us, it needs to be entertained, cleaned, it needs be bowed to, on holidays it cannot be touched, disturbed, it cannot be disturbed, this day the earth is a birthday girl. After harvesting, the land is motionless. A person should live on his own land, put down roots into the earth, become rooted to the earth, people need to be planted on the ground. All the nuances of meanings are covered by the idea of the maternal origin of the earth. Many customs and beliefs that make up the mythology of the earth are almost forgotten or already lost by the speakers of modern Arkhangelsk dialects. However, the language has preserved memories of them in the form of precedent texts, stable phrases that contain the folk philosophy of life and death. The analysis of the material revealed that the concept of ZEMLYA is embedded in the main semantic oppositions that form the model of the world. The opposition “bottom – top” is represented by the opposition of the earth to the sky, in the opposition “nature – agrarian culture” the earth appears as an object of processing and a source of nutrition. In the opposition “friend – foe” the earth is the place where a person was born, his own, native land, in the opposition “life – death” the earth is associated with the arrival of a person to this world and with his inevitable departure.

Symbolism of the number “seven” in English and Kazakh languages

The article attempts to carry out a linguocultural analysis of English and Kazakh phraseological units with the numerical index “seven”. This corpus of phraseological units is represented by a fairly certain range of meanings, as a result of the analysis of which we have identified about 3 phraseosemantic groups in English and 3 groups in Kazakh. The study of the national and cultural specifics of stable phrases with the numerical component “seven” allowed us to identify linguistic and cultural features and common features of phraseological units in the cultures of the English and Kazakh peoples. The study revealed both similarities and differences in the symbolism of the number “seven” in the English and Kazakh languages, which is explained by the universality of the character of the symbols on the one hand and the fact that there is an ethnocultural specificity in the connotative meaning, which is reflected in the culture and language of the people. The universality of the symbolization of numbers is determined by the anthropocentric worldview and the universal system of human development, as well as the desire of a person to explain the structure of the world, society and him- self through the sacred power of numbers. The number also includes certain cultural connotations that reflect both traditions and beliefs common to many peoples, as well as specific ones inherent in cultures, lifestyle,
 history, and the national character of this particular ethnic community. This scientific article analyzes the data obtained from historical sources of the two countries, supplemented with comparative information, provides accurate and concise information and consistent data, phraseological units and proverbs in the knowledge of each nation. Also attempts to compare the data of the language components used in Kazakh and English for the number seven.

LEXICOGRAPHY OF VERB STABLE PHRASES IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE

The article deals with the problems of distinction, types, recognition by composition in Kazakh linguistics of verbal combinations of two or three words. The paper reviewed the issues of the linguistic nature, word formation and grammatical nature of compound verb expressions. There are many opinions on the problem of the compound verb and the principles of their classification. The semantic features of complex verbal expressions are revealed. In this paper, we approach the concept of a complex verb by the criterion of composition and semantic integrity. For lexicography of complex verbal expressions, examples from a 15-volume explanatory dictionary of the Kazakh language, a phraseological dictionary and a text corpus of the Kazakh language were considered.In complex verb and analytical forms, verbs and compound verbs, as well as verb stable phrases, have semantic integrity, i.e. several syllables are connected and denote only one action, designating them as complex compound verb phrases. As with the lexicography of complex verbs, the principles of lexicography of analytical verbs and verb stable expressions are determined. Below are examples that explain the meaning of complex verb phrases (complex verb and verb of analytical form) and reveal semantic features.

Linguistic and Cultural Aspect of Interpretation of Aphoristic Expressions with Zoocomponents ‘Dog’ and ‘Horse’ (Khanty and Khakass Languages)

The article is devoted to one of the aspects of the linguistic substantiation of the connection between language and culture: the identification of lexical units with a potential conceptual meaning in thematic groups, which allows them to participate in the creation of aphoristic idioms (aphorisms, proverbs, sayings). From the standpoint of linguistic typology in the lexico-semantic sphere, the words denoting a dog and a horse in the Khanty and Khakass languages are considered. The empirical base of the study was the author’s notes of the spoken language of the Khanty, dictionaries of the Khanty and Khakass languages, a collection of Khanty riddles, a collection of Khakass proverbs and sayings. As a result of the study, a circle of idioms (indicated languages) with a distinct cognitive and mental, worldview basis is outlined. The methods used are the method of typological interpretation of lexical material and descriptive. When analyzing the semantics of these words, special attention was paid to the indication of regular stable phrases: it is the associative potencies that are the basis for the development of further connotations, the logical conclusion of which is the participation of certain words in idioms. It has been established that idiomatic constructions with the lexemes ‘dog’ and ‘horse’ characterize not so much these animals as the way of life of two different ethnic groups, as well as the human qualities of the representatives of these peoples, shed light on their ideas about life.