Spring Bread Wheat Research Articles

AMMI and GGE Biplot for genotype × environment interaction: a medoid–based hierarchical cluster analysis approach for high–dimensional data

Summary The presence of genotype-environment interaction (GEI) influences production making the selection of cultivars in a complex process. The two most used methods to analyze GEI and evaluate genotypes are AMMI and GGE Biplot, being used for the analysis of multi environment trials data (MET). Despite their different approaches, both models complement each other in order to strengthen decision making. However, both models are based on biplots, consequently, biplot-based interpretation doesn’t scale well beyond two-dimensional plots, which happens whenever the first two components don’t capture enough variation. This paper proposes an approach to such cases based on cluster analysis combined with the concept of medoids. It also applies AMMI and GGE Biplot to the adjusted data in order to compare both models. The data is provided by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) and comes from the 14th Semi-Arid Wheat Yield Trial (SAWYT), an experiment concerning 50 genotypes of spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) germplasm adapted to low rainfall. It was performed in 36 environments across 14 countries. The analysis provided 25 genotypes clusters and 6 environments clusters. Both models were equivalent for the data’s evaluation, permitting increased reliability in the selection of superior cultivars and test environments.

Effectiveness of leaf rust resistance genes against Puccinia triticina populations in Western Siberia during 2008–2017

A monitoring survey focused on the local leaf rust pathogen on spring bread wheat was conducted during 2008–2017 in the Western Siberian region of the Russian Federation. Resistance genetics in cultivars released in the region during the last twenty years has been limited to only a few Lr genes: Lr1, Lr9, L10, Lr26, and Lr34. The effectiveness of Lr genes was assessed in field tests of 38 «Thatcher» Near Isogenic Lines (NILs). Resistance genes were classified into four groups based on infection types (ITs) in response to the local population of Puccinia triticina. Lines carrying genes Lr17, Lr18, Lr24, Lr25, Lr29, Lr35, Lr37, Lr44, and LrW(52) remained almost free of infection for the whole duration of rating. Their disease scores did not exceed the level of medium resistant even in seasons favorable for the spread of leaf rust. ITs indicative of moderate resistance were revealed in lines carrying genes Lr12, Lr13, Lr28, Lr34, and Lr38, except under conditions favorable to infection when plants became susceptible. Genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr9, Lr14a, Lr14b, Lr15, Lr16, Lr19, and Lr22 showed reduced effectiveness against leaf rust in the region during the monitoring dates. Virulence to lines carrying genes Lr2b, Lr3, Lr3bg, Lr3 ka, Lr10, Lr11, Lr20, Lr21, Lr26, Lr30, Lr32, Lr33, and LrB was recorded during the whole time of monitoring from 2008 to 2017. Since race-specific genes Lr24 and Lr29 are still effective in the Western Siberian region, they may be recommended for breeding purposes deployed in combination with slow rusting gene Lr34 and the race-specific adult plant resistance genes Lr12 and/or Lr13, to provide durable resistance.

Genes Encoding Transcription Factors TaDREB5 and TaNFYC-A7 Are Differentially Expressed in Leaves of Bread Wheat in Response to Drought, Dehydration and ABA.

Two groups of six spring bread wheat varieties with either high or low grain yield under the dry conditions of Central and Northern Kazakhstan were selected for analysis. Experiments were set up with the selected wheat varieties in controlled environments as follows: (1) slowly progressing drought imposed on plants in soil, (2) rapid dehydration of whole plants grown in hydroponics, (3) dehydration of detached leaves, and (4) ABA treatment of whole plants grown in hydroponics. Representatives of two different families of transcription factors (TFs), TaDREB5 and TaNFYC-A7, were found to be linked to yield-under-drought using polymorphic Amplifluor-like SNP marker assays. qRT-PCR revealed differing patterns of expression of these genes in the leaves of plants subjected to the above treatments. Under drought, TaDREB5 was significantly up-regulated in leaves of all high-yielding varieties tested and down-regulated in all low-yielding varieties, and the level of expression was independent of treatment type. In contrast, TaNFYC-A7 expression levels showed different responses in the high- and low-yield groups of wheat varieties. TaNFYC-A7 expression under dehydration (treatments 2 and 3) was higher than under drought (treatment 1) in all high-yielding varieties tested, while in all low-yielding varieties the opposite pattern was observed: the expression levels of this gene under drought were higher than under dehydration. Rapid dehydration of detached leaves and intact wheat plants grown in hydroponics produced similar changes in gene expression. ABA treatment of whole plants caused rapid stomatal closure and a rise in the transcript level of both genes during the first 30 min, which decreased 6 h after treatment. At this time-point, expression of TaNFYC-A7 was again significantly up-regulated compared to untreated controls, while TaDREB5 returned to its initial level of expression. These findings reveal significant differences in the transcriptional regulation of two drought-responsive and ABA-dependent TFs under slowly developing drought and rapid dehydration of wheat plants. The results obtained suggest that correlation between grain yield in dry conditions and TaNFYC-A7 expression levels in the examined wheat varieties is dependent on the length of drought development and/or strength of drought; while in the case of TaDREB5, no such dependence is observed.

Analysis of Glu-1 loci in samples of rare wheat species and their hybrides

Aim. Determination of the allelic composition of Glu-1 loci in samples of rare wheat species and their hybrids with spring bread wheat. Methods. PCR analysis. Results. In existing collection samples of the rare wheat species the alleles of the a/c loci Glu-A1 were found, while allele b was found only in T.dicoccum, var. volgense (Emmer Kokchetavskaya). An additional amplicon with a length of 450 bp was found in the Glu-A1 locus in the sample (T. dicoccum × Dasypyrum villosum), and in (Ae. ventricosa × T. dicoccum) another one a length of 700 bp in genome B, was found require further research. Among hexaploid wheat, it was revealed genotypes differing in the presence of alleles a and d of the locus Glu-D1. The hybridity of the received forms has been confirmed, as evidenced by the identification of both parent components in the hybrids or alleles of the Glu-D1 locus of bread wheat in hybrids with emmer. Conclusions. Analysis of the allele composition of Glu1 locuses in samples of rare wheat species and their hybrids with bread wheat allowed to select genotypes and hybrid combinations that may be promising for further breeding work.
 Keywords: Triticum spelta L., T. dicoccum, hybrids, PCR analysis, Glu-1 locus.

Identification of Novel Quantitative Trait Loci Linked to Crown Rot Resistance in Spring Wheat.

Crown rot (CR), caused by various Fusarium species, is a major disease in many cereal-growing regions worldwide. Fusarium culmorum is one of the most important species, which can cause significant yield losses in wheat. A set of 126 advanced International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) spring bread wheat lines were phenotyped against CR for field crown, greenhouse crown and stem, and growth room crown resistance scores. Of these, 107 lines were genotyped using Diversity Array Technology (DArT) markers to identify quantitative trait loci linked to CR resistance by genome-wide association study. Results of the population structure analysis grouped the accessions into three sub-groups. Genome wide linkage disequilibrium was large and declined on average within 20 cM (centi-Morgan) in the panel. General linear model (GLM), mixed linear model (MLM), and naïve models were tested for each CR score and the best model was selected based on quarantine-quarantine plots. Three marker-trait associations (MTAs) were identified linked to CR resistance; two of these on chromosome 3B were associated with field crown scores, each explaining 11.4% of the phenotypic variation and the third MTA on chromosome 2D was associated with greenhouse stem score and explained 11.6% of the phenotypic variation. Together, these newly identified loci provide opportunity for wheat breeders to exploit in enhancing CR resistance via marker-assisted selection or deployment in genomic selection in wheat breeding programs.

Selection for high spike fertility index increases genetic progress in grain yield and stability in bread wheat

Spike fertility index (SF) has been proposed as a promising trait to be used as a selection criterion in wheat breeding programs aimed at increasing grain yield, but no actual evidence of its successful application has been reported. In this study, 146 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between ‘Baguette 10’ and ‘Klein Chaja’, Argentinean spring bread wheat cultivars with contrasting SF, were evaluated during three crop seasons (2013, 2014 and 2015) at Balcarce, Argentina. Grain yield, grain number/m2, grain weight, and SF were measured at maturity. Changes in grain yield (i.e., responses to selection) after application of different selection strategies, including different selection criteria and selection intensities, were determined. Significant correlations were observed between grain number and grain yield, SF and grain yield, and SF and grain weight. Analysis of SF variance components showed a significant genotype × environment interaction, but it represented only 9% of the total variation, whereas 51% of the variation was genetic, resulting in a high narrow-sense heritability (0.84). The use of SF as a selection criterion, either solely or in combination with selection for high yield, increased yield, resulting in higher and more stable yields than if selecting for high yield alone. Our findings support the use of spike fertility index as a selection criterion for increasing genetic progress and stability of yield in bread wheat breeding programs.

Fifty fruitful years

In 2018, there was celebrated the 50th anniversary of the activity of the Myronivka Institute of Wheat based on the Myronivka Breeding and Experimental Station in 1968. The founder and the first director of the institute is Academician Vasyl Mykolaiovych Remeslo, since 1984 the institution is named after him. Exceptional in plasticity the winter-hardy variety Myronivska 808 expanded the range of winter wheat cultivation far to the North and Northeast and was released in 85 regions of the former USSR with cropping areas being more than 10 million hectares in the USSR and more than 2 million hectares in Central European countries. Besides masterpiece of world breeding Myronivska 808, the varieties Myronivska Yuvileina 50 and Illichivka in the 70–80s were widely cultivated in these regions where they have significantly increased the gross grain yield. The Myronivka Institute has become the main institution coordinating the fulfillment of the All-Union targets in winter wheat breeding and carried out the general methodological guidance of breeding research institutes in this sphere. International cooperation in breeding winter wheat and barley that has been initiated in the 1970s by Academician V. M. Remeslo with research institutions of the GDR, Czechoslovakia and expanded in the mid-80s by director of the Institute L. O. Zhyvotkov through agreements with Bulgaria, Hungary and Poland was fruitful. Resulted from long-term creative cooperation a number of winter wheat and barley varieties of joint breeding or on the basis of breeding material of collaborating institutions have been created and in the 80s–2000s released in Ukraine and these countries. Agreements with international coordinating breeding centers CIMMYT and ICARDA have been concluded. In the mid-90s cooperation with scientific institutions of China has begun, which is now reaching a new level. If during more than 105 years since the beginning of the station’s operation (as of 2018) 327 varieties of 20 agricultural crops have been created, over 50 years of activity of the institution as a research institute, more than 280 varieties of 16 crops have been submitted to the State variety trial, including 153 bread winter wheat and 1 durum winter wheat varieties, 32 spring bread wheat and 6 durum spring wheat varieties. For 2018 102 varieties of different crops of Myronivka breeding were put on the State Register of Ukraine, including 55 winter wheat and 16 spring wheat varieties. 30 varieties are being tested at the State variety trial. There are 10 Doctors of Sciences and 20 Candidate of Science at the Institute. At he Institute there is licensed postgraduate studies and specialized academic council for defending candidate's dissertations. Collection of scientific papers “Myronivka Bulletin” is a specialized scientific publication. International cooperation with breeders and scientists of Bulgaria, Hungary, China, Kazakhstan, and Lithuania is actively developing and expanding. Scientific and production cooperation with grain producers and business representatives from Turkey, Hungary, Moldova and Belarus has begun. Today, the network of the Institute includes Nosivska Plant Breeding and Experimental Station, five experimental farms and one base in different regions of Ukraine. In 2016, for the achievements in scientific and practical activity the Myronivka Institute of Wheat was awarded the Diploma of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine “For Merits to the Ukrainian People”.

In vitro screening of the spring wheat F2 hybrids for water deficit resistance

In vitro screening of the spring durum and bread wheat F2 hybrids for water deficit resistance by the direct selection using low molecular mannitol as a stressor was conducted. It is shown that with an increase in the concentration of mannitol from 0.2 to 0.8 M in all genotypes there was the inhibition of the growth of the callus culture that indicates the toxic effect of the stress factor. It was established that the concentration of 0.6 M mannitol allows to differentiate spring wheat genotypes for water deficit.It was found that the F2 hybrid Elehiia myronivska / Krasa Polissia was most resistant to osmotic stress because calli of this genotype under selective conditions are characterized by relatively high morphogenic potential, had the highest survival rate and regenerated plants were obtained only from explants of this hybrid after cultivation on the medium containing mannitol concentration of 0.8 M. The F2 hybrid Zhizel / Lan was most susceptible to osmotic stress because mass necrosis and lack of regenerative ability were observed in its calli, under selective conditions. The genotypic dependence of processes of shoot formation in in vitro culture was observed in the spring wheat forms of studied. The formation of regenerated plants from wheat calli took place through both gemmorizogenesis and somatic embryogenesis.Plant regenerants were obtained from the induced calli and their rearing, rooting and transfer to in vivo conditions were optimized. Genotypic responses to osmotic stress in the callus culture of spring wheat were manifested by different survival rate and different regenerative ability under the action of a stress factor. The hybrid Elehiia myronivska / Krasa Polissia can be used as a valuable material for further breeding of spring wheat. The in vitro tissue culture can be used as a test system for the screening of wheat genotypes for resistance to osmotic stress. The optimized procedure of vigorous regenerated plants production of spring durum and bread wheat in in vitro callus cultures can be used in cell selection and genetic engineering experiments

PREDICTION OF BREEDING VALUE IN WHEAT SEGREGATING POPULATIONS BASED ON ANALYSIS OF PARENTAL VARIETIES

Selecting parents for hybridization is the key problem in wheat breeding. The study assessed the infl uence of the traits of 32 parental varieties on the breeding value of their segregating populations from biparental mating. Investigations were carried out in the wheat breeding nurseries of the fi rst and second years at the Federal Altai Scientifi c Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies, in 2008–2016. The object of the study was spring bread wheat. The main productivity traits of parental varieties were studied. Midparent yield, yield difference, midparent productivity traits, productivity traits difference, presence of at least one low-yield variety in a cross, mutual addition from the fi rst variety to the second variety by spike productivity traits (grain per spike and grain weight 1000 grains) were measured. The relative merit of the population breeding value was assessed by the number of lines in the breeding nursery of the second year. Crosses were divided into two groups: the ordinary one, giving less than 4 lines in the breeding nursery over two years (44 crosses), and the outstanding one, giving more than 4 lines in the breeding nursery over two years (12 crosses). Outstanding crosses were Saratovskaya 70 × Altajskaya zhnica, Tobol’skaya stepnaya × Altajskaya zhnica, Altajskaya zhnica × Omskaya 36, Dueht × Omskaya 36, Sibirskaya 99 × Saratovskaya 68, Omskaya 28 × Stepnaya volna, Tol’kyn × Saratovskaya 70, Lyutescens 16/s × Stepnaya volna, Stepnaya niva × Altajskaya 50, Tuleevskaya × Saratovskaya 70, Stepnaya volna × Altajskaya zhnica, Omskaya 28 × Saratovskaya 71. Outstanding crosses had a higher midparent yield and higher midparent number of spikelets per spike than ordinary crosses (246 g/m 2 against 229 g/m2 and 12.6 spikelets per spike against 12.2 respectively). Low-yield varieties occurred among parents of outstanding crosses in 42% of all cases and among parents of ordinary crosses in 64% of all cases. Differences in yield and differences in spike productivity traits of parental varieties do not affect the breeding value of segregating population.

Збагачення генетичного різноманіття вихідного матеріалу для селекції пшениці м’якої ярої шляхом залучення озимої

The expansion of genetic diversity based on spring-winter and-winter-spring hybrids reveals the possibilities of obtaining genotypes most adapted to unfavorable environmental factors in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, which is especially important in the crop breeding. The aim of the study was to create new initial material of bread spring wheat when using crosses of samples with different growth habit. The researches were conducted during 2007–2016 at spring wheat breeding laboratory of the V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS of Ukraine. Hybrid combinations, lines and varieties were the material for researches. The selection of components for cross-breeding was conducted according to the ecological-geographical principle within the species of Triticum aestivum L. in order to further creation a broad genetic diversity in generations of hybrids. For hybridization, varieties and lines of Myronivka breeding and other breeding establishments with high biological productivity potential and high adaptive ability in the local conditions were used. The advantage of pair crosses was found, the part of variation of them in different years ranged from 64.7 % to 100 %. It is determined that in the simple F 1 hybrids the spring growth habit is dominant. Splitting into spring and winter forms in F 3 –F 4 was observed in 3–58 % of individual selections depending on the origin. Isolated cases of winter forms were observed in F 5 , usually in samples that have not yet stabilized. In subsequent generations, the appearance of winter forms was not observed . The number of genetic forms selected in breeding nurseries, when using bread winter wheat in spring wheat, breeding depended on breeding value of each combination. In a competitive trial, a series of lines created from cross-breeding of samples of bread wheat with different growth habit are being studied. It is established that the number of lines created by the type of spring / winter is dominated over the type of winter / spring, and among the new varieties created by this method, all were obtained by the type of crossing the spring / winter. Probably, the use of spring forms for the parent component in crossbreeding with the winter ones provides faster obtaining samples with economically valuable features. At the same time, in the reciprocal type of interbreeding, the formation process proceeds more deeply and continues in a number of generations, which extends the duration of breeding work. High productive, resistant to lodging and basic fungal diseases, with good bread-baking grain quality spring wheat lines Erythrospermum 15–41, Erythrospermum 15–01, Erythrospermum 15–02, Erythospermum 14–65, Lutescens 12–48, etc. were distinguished, which indicates the prospects of using winter forms in spring wheat breeding. Based on crossing of bread wheat varieties with different growth habit, the varieties of bread spring wheat Simkoda мyronivska, MIP Zlata, Dubravka, MIP Svitlana have been developed which are included in the State Register of Plant Varieties, Suitable for Dissemination inUkraine, as well as the variety MIP Dana that is submitted on the State variety testing. Thus, the varieties and various source material of bread spring wheat has been created which was involved in breeding process of the spring wheat breeding laboratory of MIW which provide a broad formative process in subsequent generations.

Yellow Rust Effects on Grain Yield, and Yield Components of Some Spring Bread Wheat Cultivars under Rainfed Conditions

Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis, is currently the major foliar disease of spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Tunisia, causing serious yield losses and affecting grain quality. Farmers often use foliar fungicide application or resistant cultivars to counter yield loss, however, this is hampered by a lack of resistant varieties. To investigate the effects of genetic resistance and foliar fungicide application on disease level and yield components, six improved varieties were evaluated at the regional experimental station in Beja during three consecutive growing seasons. Under natural stripe rust infection, three varieties were detected as completely resistant and the others are susceptible. The pathogen affected the leaf area in the susceptible varieties and reduces the above ground biomass at harvest, seed weight and grain yield. Fungicide application reduces the disease severity on the sensitive genotypes and improves biomass, seed weight, grain yield, and harvest index. Yield benefits were much greater in the use of resistant genotypes than fungicide application on the susceptible varieties; consequently the resistance to stripe rust can have more significant benefits to farmer and to the wheat industry.

Correction to: Genetic analysis of multi-environmental spring wheat trials identifies genomic regions for locus-specific trade-offs for grain weight and grain number.

Unfortunately, the Fig.1 of this original article was incorrectly published. The corrected Fig.1 is given below.

Genetic Control and Heritability of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) Resistance in Spring Bread Wheat

Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminerum is one of the most important wheat diseases in Iran and worldwide. In this research, we assessed genetic control and the disease resistance heritability using generation mean and generation variance analyses. Five generations of F 1 , F 2 , F 3 , BC 1.1 and BC 1.2 developed from crossing an inbred line (resistant parent) and Falat (susceptible parent) along with two parents were infected by the fungus spores at spike emergence stage at field condition and after adequate incidence of disease, FHB resistance-related traits including percentage of infected florets, percentage of infected kernels (FDK) and disease incidence (DIC) were evaluated. Generation variance analysis showed that narrow-sense heritability of FDK was high (~64%), while that of DIC was very low, indicating the discrete genetic factors of these indices. Mean comparison indicated that means of F 1 , F 2 , BC 1.1 , BC 1.2 and F 3 located between that of two parents and were closer to resistant parent. Joint-scaling test suggested that FHB resistance wasn`t fitted to additive-dominance model. But in contrast, six-parameter model (mean [m], additive [a], dominance [d], additive × additive [aa], additive × dominance [ad], dominance × dominance [dd]) for all FHB resistance indices was best fitted. Therefore, it could be concluded that in the examined cross in addition to additive and dominance effects, epistatic effects also were involved in controlling wheat FHB resistance.

Association Mapping of Seedling and Adult Plant Resistance for Stripe Rust Resistance in Spring Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Association Mapping of Seedling and Adult Plant Resistance for Stripe Rust Resistance in Spring Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Участие цитокининов в начальных этапах эмбриоидогенеза in vitro в зародышевых каллусах яровой мягкой пшеницы.

Участие цитокининов в начальных этапах эмбриоидогенеза in vitro в зародышевых каллусах яровой мягкой пшеницы.

Puccinia triticina population structure on winter and spring wheat in Saratov Region during 2013–2017

The analysis of the Puccinia triticina Ericss Saratov population’s structure on the wheat for virulence genes during 2013–2017 is provided. Infectious material has been collected from winter and spring bread wheat cultivars and lines of ARISER bred. These cultivars and lines have varying degrees of pathogen severity: from moderate (10–20 %) to high (70–90 %). The studies of virulence genes in the P. triticina population were performed on the cultivar Thatcher set of near isogenic lines (NIR), which contained 52 lines with identified Lr-genes. Ten monopustules isolates were isolated from pathogen populations. The composition of the pathogen populations for virulence genes was determined by its infection type on NIRs. It is established that P. triticina populations in 2013–2017 was characterized as highly virulent. The number of virulence genes ranged from 40 to 44, but the number of resistant genes varied from 6 to 9. The main differences in the population compositions were in the different types of reactions to Lr9, Lr19, Lr23, Lr24, Lr29 genes. These genes showed resistance, then susceptible type of reaction to P. triticina. During 2013–2017, the high efficiency of Lr41, Lr42, Lr43+24, Lr47, Lr53 genes was observed. The use of these genes in breeding will expand the genetic diversity of new cultivars and stabilize the pathogen population composition. These data indicate the need for continuous monitoring of the P. triticina population composition for the virulence genes frequency, which will allow to develop a strategy of resistant cultivars breeding and spread them in the wheat cultivation regions.

Quality Assessment of Some Spring Bread Wheat Cultivars

Quality Assessment of Some Spring Bread Wheat Cultivars

Yielding capacity of spring bread wheat depending on the basic elements of crop management practice

Yielding capacity of spring bread wheat depending on the basic elements of crop management practice

Іnvolving genetic pool of alien species and genera of cereals to expand the hereditary diversity of wheat breeding material

Purpose. To create series of wide hybrids, to conduct cytogenetic analysis of F1 hybrid plants and to identify highly fertile combinations and individual genotypes. Methods. The experiments were carried out in 2016 and 2017 on fields of breeding rotation of Myronivka Institute of Wheat. Varieties and collection samples of various species of wheat, Aegilops and synthetic amphidiploids as well as their hybrids were examined. In hybridization the twirl-method of female plant pollination was used. Sprouted seeds of winter habit samples were vernalizated in chambers LVN-200H during 40 days at +1 °C. Fertility-sterility of pollen in wide hybrids was determined by acetocarmine method. Results. In the spring of 2016, 17 winter (previously vernalized seeds) and spring wheat species, 11 Aegilops species, 14 forms of synthetic amphidiploids received from the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine (NCPGRU) have been seeded to be involved into wide crossing. In 2016, wide crossings were carried out using as maternal component bread winter wheat varieties and lines (Myronivska 65, Favorit, Lutestcens 696, Lutescens 770, Erythrospermum 418), bread spring wheat varieties (Kolektyvna 3, Elehiia myronivska, Dubravka), durum spring wheat varieties (Izolda, Zhizel, Diana, MIP Raiduzhna, MIP Mahdalena) as well as collection samples from Ukraine (Kharkivska 27, Luhanska 7) and Mexico (47 BUSHEN 4, 94 DONPRDRO 87, SULA/RBCE 2(3)HUI//CIT71/CII) while as pollinators there were diploid wheat species (T. monococcum L., T. sinskajae Filat. et Kurk), tetraploid wheat species (T. dicoccum Schuebl, T. ispahanicum Heslot, T. durum Desf., T. polonicum L.), hexaploid wheat species (T. spelta L., T. sphaerococcum Рersiv.), artificially created amphidiploids (T. miguschovae Zhir., PEAG, AD 221-4, AS-7, AD-8, as well as Aegilops species (Ae. tauschii Coss. and Ae. cylindrica Host). A total of 44 combinations of wide crossings were carried out and about 4,000 hybrid kernels were obtained. In 2017, F1 plants of wide hybrids were analyzed by pollen fertility-sterility level. Conclusions. In the conditions of the Right-bank Forest-Steppe, seeds of collection samples of various Triticum and Aegilops spesies and synthetic amphidiploids received from the NCPGRU have been reproduced. Resulted from crossing bread winter wheat, bread and durum spring wheat with synthetic amphidiploids and various wheat and Aegilops species novel hybrid material has been obtained. The cytogenetic study of F1 plants of wide hybrids allowed to detect highly fertile combinations and individual genotypes and to determine the need for backcrosses in hybrid populations possessing sterile pollen.

Yielding capacity of bread spring wheat in different agro-ecological zones

Yielding capacity of bread spring wheat in different agro-ecological zones