Abstract
Selecting parents for hybridization is the key problem in wheat breeding. The study assessed the infl uence of the traits of 32 parental varieties on the breeding value of their segregating populations from biparental mating. Investigations were carried out in the wheat breeding nurseries of the fi rst and second years at the Federal Altai Scientifi c Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies, in 2008–2016. The object of the study was spring bread wheat. The main productivity traits of parental varieties were studied. Midparent yield, yield difference, midparent productivity traits, productivity traits difference, presence of at least one low-yield variety in a cross, mutual addition from the fi rst variety to the second variety by spike productivity traits (grain per spike and grain weight 1000 grains) were measured. The relative merit of the population breeding value was assessed by the number of lines in the breeding nursery of the second year. Crosses were divided into two groups: the ordinary one, giving less than 4 lines in the breeding nursery over two years (44 crosses), and the outstanding one, giving more than 4 lines in the breeding nursery over two years (12 crosses). Outstanding crosses were Saratovskaya 70 × Altajskaya zhnica, Tobol’skaya stepnaya × Altajskaya zhnica, Altajskaya zhnica × Omskaya 36, Dueht × Omskaya 36, Sibirskaya 99 × Saratovskaya 68, Omskaya 28 × Stepnaya volna, Tol’kyn × Saratovskaya 70, Lyutescens 16/s × Stepnaya volna, Stepnaya niva × Altajskaya 50, Tuleevskaya × Saratovskaya 70, Stepnaya volna × Altajskaya zhnica, Omskaya 28 × Saratovskaya 71. Outstanding crosses had a higher midparent yield and higher midparent number of spikelets per spike than ordinary crosses (246 g/m 2 against 229 g/m2 and 12.6 spikelets per spike against 12.2 respectively). Low-yield varieties occurred among parents of outstanding crosses in 42% of all cases and among parents of ordinary crosses in 64% of all cases. Differences in yield and differences in spike productivity traits of parental varieties do not affect the breeding value of segregating population.
Highlights
МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙОсновой исследования послужил анализ селекционного процесса выведения яровой мягкой пшеницы с 2008 по 2016 г.
– 22, в 2010 г.– 18, испытание отобранных семей в селекционном питомнике второго года (СП-2) – в 2013 и 2014, 2014 и 2015, 2015 и 2016 гг.
В питомнике гибридных популяций отбирали в среднем по 100 колосьев с делянки.
Summary
Основой исследования послужил анализ селекционного процесса выведения яровой мягкой пшеницы с 2008 по 2016 г. – 22, в 2010 г.– 18, испытание отобранных семей в селекционном питомнике второго года (СП-2) – в 2013 и 2014, 2014 и 2015, 2015 и 2016 гг. В питомнике гибридных популяций отбирали в среднем по 100 колосьев с делянки. В ходе лабораторной оценки отобранных колосьев по крупности, выполненности и стекловидности зерна, на посев в селекционном питомнике первого года (СП-1) оставляли по 30–40 потомств на комбинацию скрещивания. За время проведения исследования приблизительное число отобранных из гибридных популяций колосьев составило 11 200. Для каждой пары скрещивания вычисляли среднеродительское значение признака и абсолютную разность признаков родителей в среднем за 3 года. Прогноз селекционной ценности гибридных популяций пшеницы на основе анализа родительских сортов в СП-2 было отобрано по 1,2–1,3 семьи на одну комбинацию скрещивания ежегодно, поэтому семьи от комбинаций разных лет скрещивания рассматривались совместно.
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