Іnvolving genetic pool of alien species and genera of cereals to expand the hereditary diversity of wheat breeding material

Abstract

Purpose. To create series of wide hybrids, to conduct cytogenetic analysis of F1 hybrid plants and to identify highly fertile combinations and individual genotypes. Methods. The experiments were carried out in 2016 and 2017 on fields of breeding rotation of Myronivka Institute of Wheat. Varieties and collection samples of various species of wheat, Aegilops and synthetic amphidiploids as well as their hybrids were examined. In hybridization the twirl-method of female plant pollination was used. Sprouted seeds of winter habit samples were vernalizated in chambers LVN-200H during 40 days at +1 °C. Fertility-sterility of pollen in wide hybrids was determined by acetocarmine method. Results. In the spring of 2016, 17 winter (previously vernalized seeds) and spring wheat species, 11 Aegilops species, 14 forms of synthetic amphidiploids received from the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine (NCPGRU) have been seeded to be involved into wide crossing. In 2016, wide crossings were carried out using as maternal component bread winter wheat varieties and lines (Myronivska 65, Favorit, Lutestcens 696, Lutescens 770, Erythrospermum 418), bread spring wheat varieties (Kolektyvna 3, Elehiia myronivska, Dubravka), durum spring wheat varieties (Izolda, Zhizel, Diana, MIP Raiduzhna, MIP Mahdalena) as well as collection samples from Ukraine (Kharkivska 27, Luhanska 7) and Mexico (47 BUSHEN 4, 94 DONPRDRO 87, SULA/RBCE 2(3)HUI//CIT71/CII) while as pollinators there were diploid wheat species (T. monococcum L., T. sinskajae Filat. et Kurk), tetraploid wheat species (T. dicoccum Schuebl, T. ispahanicum Heslot, T. durum Desf., T. polonicum L.), hexaploid wheat species (T. spelta L., T. sphaerococcum Рersiv.), artificially created amphidiploids (T. miguschovae Zhir., PEAG, AD 221-4, AS-7, AD-8, as well as Aegilops species (Ae. tauschii Coss. and Ae. cylindrica Host). A total of 44 combinations of wide crossings were carried out and about 4,000 hybrid kernels were obtained. In 2017, F1 plants of wide hybrids were analyzed by pollen fertility-sterility level. Conclusions. In the conditions of the Right-bank Forest-Steppe, seeds of collection samples of various Triticum and Aegilops spesies and synthetic amphidiploids received from the NCPGRU have been reproduced. Resulted from crossing bread winter wheat, bread and durum spring wheat with synthetic amphidiploids and various wheat and Aegilops species novel hybrid material has been obtained. The cytogenetic study of F1 plants of wide hybrids allowed to detect highly fertile combinations and individual genotypes and to determine the need for backcrosses in hybrid populations possessing sterile pollen.