Special Inspection Research Articles

Digital assessment of the accuracy of implant impression techniques in free end saddle partially edentulous patients. A controlled clinical trial

ObjectivesThis in vivo study aims to assess the accuracy of the digital intraoral implant impression technique, the conventional closed-tray impression technique, and open-tray impression techniques in a standardized method of data segmentation along with the best-fit algorithm to overcome the inconsistency of results of previous studies regarding implant impression techniques.Materials and methodsSixteen implants were placed in eight patients. Each patient has undergone four impression techniques: direct intraoral scanning of the stock abutment, intraoral scanning using a scan body, conventional closed tray impression technique, and the conventional open tray impression technique. The conventional impressions were poured into stone casts with analogues and stock abutments and scanned using a desktop scanner. In intraoral scanning of the scan body, computer-aided design software was used for the replacement of the scan body with a custom-made abutment that is identical to the stock abutment, allowing comparison with the other impression techniques. The deviation in implant position between the groups was measured using special 3D inspection and metrology software. Statistical comparisons were carried out between the studied groups using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.ResultsThe total deviation between groups was compared to the reference group represented by the intraoral scanning of the abutment. The total deviation was statistically significantly different (P = 0.000) among the different studied groups. The mean deviation was recorded as 21.45 ± 3.3 μm, 40.04 ± 4.1 μm, and 47.79 ± 4.6 μm for the intraoral scanning of the scan body, the conventional closed, and open tray, respectively.ConclusionFor implant impressions in partially edentulous patients, intraoral oral scanning using a scan body significantly improves scanning and overall accuracy. Regarding conventional impressions, the closed-tray impression techniques showed more accuracy than conventional open-tray impressions.Clinical relevanceIntraoral digital implant impression using scan body offers more accuracy than conventional implant impression techniques for recording posterior implant position in free-end saddle partially edentulous patients.

Does central environmental inspection promote the industrial structure upgrading in China? An attention-based view

While central environmental inspection (CEI), a sort of campaign-style enforcement, has been adopted in China to tackle environmental issues, it is unclear if the CEI has promoted industrial structure upgrading. Based on a sample of 279 cities from 2011 to 2018 in China, this study investigates the impact of CEI on industrial structure upgrading and its intrinsic mechanism using the difference-in-differences approach (DID). The results reveal that 1) CEI significantly promoted industrial structure upgrading. 2) Local government environmental attention played a mediating role between CEI and industrial structure upgrading. 3) Heterogeneity analysis revealed that the effect of CEI on industrial structure upgrading differed significantly with regional discrepancies and the officials’ promotion motivation. Specifically, the CEI had greater effects on the eastern region and those cities whose officials have a strong promotion motivation. This study indicates that the central government should continue to promote routine inspection, special inspection, and look-back mechanism construction, thus enhancing the sustainability of the industrial structure upgrading effect. Overall, this study contributes to industrial structure upgrading theoretical research and offers useful insights into the environmental governance of emerging countries.

SELECTED ISSUES OF IMPLEMENTING MEASURES TO PREVENT CORRUPTION DURING MARTIAL LAW

The subject of the study is the conceptual and praxeological theoretical basis for the implementation of measures to prevent corruption during martial law. Methodology: general and special methods of scientific knowledge were used in this study. The comparison method was used to summarize the approaches of various researchers on the main dominants to the definition of the concepts of "restrictions" and "anti-corruption restrictions". The analysis was used to determine quantitative and qualitative parameters that characterize the specifics of applying restrictions on relatives' work in relation to servicemen. The results of the study showed that there is an urgent need in Ukraine to adjust the anti-corruption mechanism so that the existing anti-corruption measures are improved and adapted to the conditions of martial law. Conclusion. It has been established that measures to prevent corruption, such as anti-corruption declarations and special inspections, have been simplified during martial law, which has a positive effect, mediated by the presence of objective reasons for the impossibility of their normal application. Attention is drawn to the fact that some anti-corruption restrictions have been forcibly terminated - there are temporary reservations regarding restrictions on receiving gifts and restrictions on the use of official powers or one's position. It is substantiated that anti-corruption restrictions during the martial law period have gained signs of flexibility, but only for charitable purposes and for the purpose of material support of the defense of Ukraine, which corresponds to the modern national interests. The current order of application of anti-corruption restrictions to servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations, formed in accordance with the legislation, was analyzed. It is noted that at the subordinate level was used an expansive interpretation of the restriction of joint work of close persons by applying it to almost all members of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, which is not consistent with the prescriptions of the relevant anti-corruption legislation. Amending Art. 27 of the Law of Ukraine "On Prevention of Corruption" by singling out military officials as subjects who are not subject to the restriction on joint work of relatives.

EVALUATION OF THE AIR KANYUT BRIDGE CONDITIONS, BANGKA REGENCY, BANGKA BELITUNG PROVINCE USING THE BRIDGE INSPECTION METHOD DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF BINA MARGA

Bangka Regency is one of the regencies in Bangka Belitung Province, which has several potentials for improving regional economies, such as agriculture and plantation, fisheries and marine, mining and industry, and tourism. Bridges have an important role in supporting activities in the sector, but there are bridges that are estimated to have critical conditions in Bangka Regency, namely, Air Kanyut Bridge. Special handling is needed in the maintenance and repair of bridges and roads, so all of activities supporting economy can run well. Bridge maintenance conducted with regular and periodic inspections, if there is damage during the inspection, then proceed with a special inspection to determine the required preservation measures. The Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing through the Directorate General of Bina Marga has a guideline used in conducting bridge inspections, namely Bridge Inspection Guidelines Number 01/P/BM/2022. The guidelines contain general provisions and technical provisions regarding the planning, preparation, and implementation of bridge inspections required for inventory inspection, detailed inspection, routine inspection, and special inspection of bridge conditions.

17세기 후반 淸의 정세 변화와 숙종의 武人 양성— 閱武와 觀武才를 중심으로 —

In the late 17th century, having obtained information on the battles between Russia, the Mongols, and the Qing, the court of Joseon predicted the defeat of the Qing and the resulting security crisis in the northern frontier region of Joseon. In response, King Sukjong tried to reinforce Namhan and Bukhan Mountain fortresses and Ganghwa Island, and promote the training of military officers through Royal Military Inspection (Yeolmu) and Royal Military Examination (Guanmujae). During the reign of King Sukjong, these special military inspections and military examinations attended by the king were concentrated during the wars between Russia, the Mongols and the Qing. King Sukjong attempted to increase the military readiness and enhance the bond and loyalty of the army through direct contact with military officers. Yeolmu and Guanmujae were effective ways to increase King Sukjong’s dignity by reaffirming his command while building trust between the king and his military officers.

Termination of the employment agreement in the case of abolition of admission to a state secret: to problem issues

Problem settings. Problems of protection of state secrets have become especially relevant in recent years, during the deep socio-economic transformations in Ukraine, when, on the one hand, new threats to national security, and on the other, and this must, unfortunately, admit protection of state secrets not always carried out properly. The existence of problems in this important area for the protection of the state is evidenced by the frequent labor disputes, including over various conflicting aspects of access to and access to state secrets, which are considered in administrative courts. Therefore, the need for a careful revision of certain provisions of the law governing, in particular, the refusal to grant access to state secrets becomes obvious. Analysis of recent researches and publications. O. Bondar, L. Kupina, O. Semenyuk, A. Tsapenko, O. Yaroshenko studied the legal aspects of termination of the employment contract in connection with the revocation of access to state secrets. However, today we need new topical research, the search for modern approaches to regulatory issues of dismissal of the employee due to these circumstances. Target of research. The purpose of the article is to reveal the features of the termination of the employment contract in case of revocation of access to state secrets in Ukraine. Article’s main body. The article covers problematic issues related to the termination of the employment contract at the initiative of the employer in the case of denial of access to state secrets or revocation of access to state secrets if the duties of the employee require access to such secrets. Doctrinal definitions of the concept of «state secret» are analyzed. It is proposed the author’s definition of the term «state secret» which means a type of secret information that covers information in the area of defense, economics, science and technology, foreign relations, state security and law enforcement, the disclosure of which harms or threatens the national security of Ukraine and which is protected by the state in accordance with regulations. The authors reveal the content and features of the legal mechanism for granting and revoking access to state secrets. It is proved that the employer must inform the employee in advance that his admission to the state secret carries certain restrictions established by law and he must be acquainted with the established degree of responsibility for violating the law on state secrets. Attention is drawn to the fact that the current legislation of Ukraine does not provide a clear list of positions and jobs that require access to information that is a state secret. This is due to the fact that each company has its own characteristics and the degree of secrecy and nature of information and the degree of admission to it and the admission procedure itself. Therefore, it is hardly possible to apply the methods of systematization and differentiation due to the multiplicity of features, because it will be extremely difficult to foresee all the positions for charging. Conclusions. It is proposed to exclude such grounds for termination of employment contract as revocation of access to state secrets from the list of grounds for termination of employment at the initiative of the employer and include it in the grounds for termination of employment that do not depend on the will of the employment contract. It is determined that the mechanism of the procedure for granting access to state secrets in relation to certain subjects requires changes at the legislative level which will avoid real threats to the national security of our state. Proposals to the Law of Ukraine «On State Secrets» have been formulated. To obtain access to state secrets, certain entities, such as the President of Ukraine, the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the Prime Minister of Ukraine and other members of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the Chairman of the Supreme Court, the Chairman of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, the Prosecutor General, the Security Service Ukraine, the Chairman and other members of the Accounting Chamber, the People’s Deputies of Ukraine, must not only have a written commitment to preserve state secrets but also be inspected by a special body. The refusal to pass a special inspection is an indisputable ground for refusing to grant access to a state secret.

A Novel Method to Inspect 3D Ball Joint Socket Products Using 2D Convolutional Neural Network with Spatial and Channel Attention.

Product defect inspections are extremely important for industrial manufacturing processes. It is necessary to develop a special inspection system for each industrial product due to their complexity and diversity. Even though high-precision 3D cameras are usually used to acquire data to inspect 3D objects, it is hard to use them in real-time defect inspection systems due to their high price and long processing time. To address these problems, we propose a product inspection system that uses five 2D cameras to capture all inspection parts of the product and a deep learning-based 2D convolutional neural network (CNN) with spatial and channel attention (SCA) mechanisms to efficiently inspect 3D ball joint socket products. Channel attention (CA) in our model detects the most relevant feature maps while spatial attention (SA) finds the most important regions in the extracted feature map of the target. To build the final SCA feature vector, we concatenated the learned feature vectors of CA and SA because they complement each other. Thus, our proposed CNN with SCA provides high inspection accuracy as well as it having the potential to detect small defects of the product. Our proposed model achieved 98% classification accuracy in the experiments and proved its efficiency on product inspection in real-time.

제조업 분야의 전문시험·검사기관 활용 만족도에 미치는 영향요인 연구

The industry of testing, inspection and certification has been recognized as an industry with an infrastructure that supports the production, so there is a lack of the academic research on the industry of testing, inspection and certification compared to other industries. This study conducted panel analysis related to domestic specialized testing, inspection and certification institutions, which play a pivotal role in the development of the testing, inspection and certification industry. In order to check the factors affecting the satisfaction of specialized testing, inspection and inspection institutions, this paper considered (1) the frequency of use for specialized testing, inspection and certification institutions, (2) the utilization rate, (3) the status of possession of testing, inspection and certification equipments, and (4) the number of use by other institutions as major explanatory variables. As a result, it was concluded that the fixed effect model was suitable to explain the factors affecting the satisfaction of testing, inspection and certification institutions.

Analysis on the detection of suspected occupational diseases and occupational contraindications for benzene workers in Tianjin

Objective: To investigate the detection of suspected occupational diseases and occupational contraindications for benzene workers in Tianjin. Methods: In June 2020, the occupational health inspection data of 16113 benzene workers in 514 enterprises with benzene hazards in 16 municipal districts in Tianjin from January to December 2019 were included in the analysis. Enterprise information included the employer's region, economic type, industry classification and enterprise scale. Occupational health inspection data for benzene workers during their on-the-job period included routine inspection indicators and benzene special inspection indicators. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between personal general information, occupational history, enterprise information and suspected benzene poisoning and occupational contraindications of benzene workers. Results: There were 16073 benzene workers in the normal group and 24 in the suspected benzene poisoning group. The detection rate of suspected benzene poisoning in females was higher than that in males (χ(2)=8.26, P=0.004) . There was no significant difference in the detection rates of suspected benzene poisoning among different dimensions such as age, length of service, occupational health inspection institution location, employer location, industry classification, economic type, and enterprise scale (P>0.05) . There were 16073 benzene workers in the normal group and 16 in the benzene contraindication group. The detection rate of benzene contraindications for workers in suburban areas where occupational health inspection institutions were located was higher than that in urban areas (χ(2)=9.71, P=0.002) , and there was no significant difference in the detection rates of contraindications for benzene in other dimensions (P>0.05) . Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female benzene workers were more likely to detect suspected benzene poisoning (OR=3.53, 95%CI: 1.57-7.94, P=0.002) ; benzene workers who received physical examination in suburban occupational health inspection institutions (OR=5.81, 95%CI: 1.94-17.42, P=0.002) , the employer's area was in the suburbs (OR=9.68, 95%CI: 1.23-76.07, P=0.031) , and female workers (OR=3.07, 95%CI: 1.13-8.37, P=0.028) , it was easier to detect occupational contraindications. Conclusion: Female benzene workers with employers located in the suburbs have a higher risk of detecting occupational contraindications, and women are more likely to detect suspected benzene poisoning. The management of benzene operations in the production environment of enterprises in the suburbs of Tianjin and the occupational health monitoring of female workers should be strengthened.

Estimates of Dietary Exposure to Antibiotics among a Community Population in East China.

Background: Antibiotics are widely used in clinics, livestock farms and the aquaculture industry. A variety of antibiotics in foods and drinking water may lead to important and inadvertent dietary exposure However, the profile of dietary exposure to antibiotics in humans is not well-explored. East China is an economically developed area with a high usage of antibiotics and a high rate of antibiotic resistance (ABR). This study aimed to evaluate the total intake level of antibiotics in humans via foods and drinking water based on a community population in East China. Methods: A total of 600 local residents from 194 households were recruited into this study in Deqing County of Zhejiang Province since June 2019. Each subject was asked to fill a food frequency questionnaire to report their daily consumption of foods and drinking water. Tap water samples were collected from ten households and twenty-one antibiotics of five categories were selected to detect in drinking water. Data of antibiotic residues in animal-derived foods were obtained from the notification of unqualified edible agricultural products after special supervision sampling inspection in Deqing County. The human dietary exposure to antibiotics was estimated by combining the data of antibiotic contamination in foods and drinking water, and the information of dietary consumption. Results: Of twenty-one antibiotics selected, subjects were exposed to a total of sixteen antibiotics, ranging from 15.12 to 1128 μg/day via two main dietary routes (animal-derived foods and drinking water). The overall dietary exposure level varied greatly in the antibiotics detected and their sources. Compared with other antibiotics, enrofloxacin made the most contributions in terms of dietary exposure, with a median exposure level of 120.19 μg/day (IQR: 8.39–698.78 μg/day), followed by sulfamethazine (median: 32.95 μg/day, IQR: 2.77–162.55 μg/day) and oxytetracycline (median: 28.50 μg/day, IQR: 2.22–146.58 μg/day). The estimated exposure level via drinking water (at the ng/day level, median: 26.74 ng/day, IQR: 16.05–37.44 ng/day) was significantly and substantially lower than those via animal-derived foods (at the μg/day level, median: 216.38 μg/day, IQR: 87.52–323.00 μg/day). The overall dietary exposure level also showed differences in sex and age. Males and youths were more likely to be exposed to antibiotics via dietary routes than others. Conclusions: The community population investigated in East China was extensively exposed to multiple antibiotics via dietary routes. Long-term exposure to low-dose antibiotics in animal-derived foods was the primary dietary exposure route, compared with drinking water. Enrofloxacin contributed to the major body burden of dietary exposure, based on the combination of consumption of aquatic products and considerable enrofloxacin residues in them. Although the human dietary exposure level to antibiotics via drinking water and animal-derived foods ranged from ng/day to μg/L, their chronic toxicity and the accumulation and spread of ABR may be potential hazards to humans. Therefore, long-term monitoring of antibiotic contaminations in foods and drinking water, and human dietary antibiotic exposure is warranted.

Structural grouting of load-bearing precast concrete elements: Issues and solutions

The purpose of this paper is to raise construction industry awareness regarding structural grouting of precast concrete projects in the United States. Incidents related to structural grouting have occurred with both precast concrete systems and other building systems. Designers, architects, owners, insurance carriers, and the construction industry in general are becoming increasingly aware of deficient grouting installation methods and verification procedures. Concerns include the timeliness of grout installation during the erection process, the lack of grout on some components of finished projects, and the poor quality of installed grout. These concerns pertain to horizontal connection joints of critical load-bearing elements between foundations and precast concrete columns and walls, stacked precast concrete columns, and stacked precast concrete walls. Current building codes and standards provide no requirements and limited guidance for the installation or special inspection of these critical horizontal joints. In an effort to address this gap in building codes and standards, as it specifically relates to precast concrete structural products, some precast concrete producers and erectors are implementing several strategies and new procedures, as noted and further developed in this paper.

ОКРЕМІ АСПЕКТИ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ПРАЦІ ДЕРЖАВНИХ СЛУЖБОВЦІВ

Under conditions of emergencies, quarantine, martial law, citizens feel an increased need for effective work of civil servants, so the legal framework for civil servants should only contribute to the functioning of the state apparatus to provide basic services to the Ukrainian people. The whole range of public services must be provided to the citizens of Ukraine in a timely and prompt manner, despite the martial law. The scientific article examines current legal issues of labour regulation of civil servants under martial law. Increased attention is paid to the principle of patriotism as fundamental in the current work of civil servants. It is proposed to amend part 1 item 2 of Section II of the General Rules of Ethical Conduct of Civil Servants and Local Government Officials and state it in the following wording: “By their conduct, civil servants and local government officials should strengthen the authority of the civil service and service in local self-government bodies, affirm patriotic sentiments in the course of civil service, as well as the positive reputation of state bodies and local self-government bodies". It is recommended to include in the training programs of civil servants the issue of strict observance of the principle of patriotism among civil servants. With the start of the war, some civil servants left the borders of Ukraine, and many civil servants moved to other relatively safe regions of Ukraine. In many government agencies, the need to replenish human resources has increased. Under such realities, the legislation governing civil service has been innovated. Legislative innovations in the field of civil service are considered, among which special attention is paid to the lack of specialized selection for civil service positions, the potential risks of such innovations and ways to overcome them are outlined. In particular, we consider it necessary to conduct an interview with applicants for a vacant civil service position in several stages; not to refuse special inspections; call previous employers to confirm the facts covered in the characteristics-recommendations from previous jobs. It is proposed to start testing candidates for vacant civil service positions, constructing the test questions in such a way as to "feel" the pro-Ukrainian position of a potential civil servant. It is recommended to give preference in access to the civil service to former employees who resigned by agreement of the parties and have a sincere desire to serve with dignity for the benefit of our state in difficult times for the country.

Staffing of the Ukrainian SSR militia in 1945

The main aspects of the USSR militia staffing in 1945 are revealed. The main directions of personnel work were as follows: 1) completion of staffing of militia bodies; 2) consolidation of personnel, primarily management; 3) creation of an effective reserve of nomination; 4) organization of training, improving the quality of preventive and educational work among personnel; 5) completion of the collection and search of personal files and bringing them into order, completion of a special inspection of those who joined the militia. During 1945, the PCIA (people's commissariat of internal affairs) of the Ukrainian SSR provided instructions on all these issues in the form of directives, reviews, written comments on the work and provided practical assistance on field trips. Specialists were trained in special courses in militia schools, whose activities were resumed in several cities of the republic. In 1945, 12,153 people came to recruit militia, and 5,906 people left and were released. A significant shortcoming in recruitment was staff turnover. The main reasons for the turnover in the police in 1945 were as follows: a) reduced admission requirements to the militia (recruited people without inspection by the medical commission, sometimes clearly disabled); b) insufficient verification of new recruits; c) weak educational work among the staff. Of the total number of those released in 1945: a) for illness, age and inadequacy – 4652 people; b) according to the materials of the special inspection – 1526 people; c) for moral and domestic decomposition, violation of labor discipline, personal desires and family circumstances – 9626 people. Among the militia, 3 % were those with higher and incomplete higher education, 13 % – secondary, 25 % – below secondary and 57 % – lower education. Ukrainians in the PCIA of the USSR in 1945 accounted for 55 %, Russians – 35 %, Jews – 4 %, Belarusians – 2 %, others – 2,6 %. In general, in 1945 the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs and its subdivisions carried out significant and diverse work to improve the staff of the republic's militia.

Inspection, testing, assessment and rehabilitation of Daly's (Shakey) Bridge, Cork city

This paper describes the rehabilitation of Daly's (Shakey) Bridge, an existing single-span suspension bridge crossing the northern channel of the River Lee in Cork city. The bridge was opened in 1927 to replace an earlier ferry crossing at the same location. Daly's Bridge is included on the Record of Protected Structures and the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage. It remains the only suspension bridge in Cork city and is the only surviving bridge of its kind in Ireland. It is a significant contributor to the architectural heritage of the city. This paper describes the special inspections and structural assessments, site investigations and material testing, detailed design of repair works and particular aspects of construction and monitoring. The bridge is a well-known local landmark and its colloquial name ‘Shakey Bridge’ derives from the lively movement of the deck under pedestrian loading. A key aspect of the project included modelling and measurement of the dynamic response of the structure prior to and following repair works to confirm that the signature shake was retained. The project also incorporated approach upgrades and ancillary works, including new approach parapets, the repair of existing cast-iron railings, lighting, landscaping, surfacing and invasive species removal.

Accuracy of digital impression technique versus conventional technique for completely edentulous patient: a controlled clinical trial.

Objectives: now a days recent intraoral scanners (IOS) are ready for digital scans of long-span edentulous patients and completely edentulous patients ; however, there is lacking of evidence. In recent years there is vigorously promoted of digitization in the dental field .there is a significant transformation in the future of dentistry by using the intra oral scanner to have digital impression. The aim of this article to evaluated the deviation between of intraoral scanning (IOS) impression and conventional impression in completely edentulous patient and to analyze the accuracy of IOS in completely edentulous maxillary arch. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two types of impression technique were made for eight completely edentulous patients. Intra oral scanning and conventional impression technique of the maxilla was done for each patient, the two-impression techniques were compared for accuracy using GOM inspect software. Result: Total deviation between two groups were compared to hypothesized zero representing conventional impression I group and then calculated using special inspection software. The total deviation was statistically significantly different among the studied groups. Conclusion: The accuracy of IOS not reliable for completely edentulous arches

Estimation of Ship Repair Time Using the Genetic Algorithm

Abstract Ship maintenance is regulated by both the state and the classification society. The scope of maintenance works depends on the age of the ship and includes a dock, intermediate and special inspection. The problem is to estimate the reliable time of the ship maintenance and the downtime at the shipyard. The purpose of this article is to develop a more accurate model to predict a ship’s overall maintenance time. A multiple linear regression model is developed to describe the impact of historical data on hull repair, painting time, piping, age, structural and hull plate replacement for ship maintenance. In the literature, the least squares method is used to estimate unknown regression coefficients. The original value of the article is the use of a genetic algorithm to estimate coefficient values of the multiple linear regression model. Necessary analysis and simulations are performed on the data collected for oil and chemical or product tankers. As a result, a significant improvement in the adequacy of the presented model was identified.

Analysis of degradation process of a railway steel bridge in the final period of its operation

This paper presents the problem of assessing degradation process of a selected railway steel bridge in the final period of its operation. Changes in the technical condition of the analysed steel railway bridge in time on the basis of special inspections carried out in 2009–2014 are investigated. The methodology for conducting steel railway bridge assessment in an engineering approach is being presented taking into account conclusions and results from the subsequent special inspections. Moreover, the results of fatigue analysis and assessment of the steel railway bridge, which was put in service in 1933 are discussed. In order to conduct the fatigue analysis and assessment, the deflection of the structure under moving load is measured, as well as the geometry of the structural elements in the support zone is verified. The impact of rolling stock, in particular heavy freight transport, on the bridge degradation process is indicated. It is found that dynamic effects induced by the freight rolling stock reveal a big influence on the rate of fatigue damage process of the bridge. Additionally, the degradation of the considered railway bridge due to the effect of track misalignment is taken into account. Furthermore, the impact of corrosion damage and fatigue on the distribution of stresses in the bridge structure is also discussed.

Mobbing, organizational trust, voice and deviance behaviour among environmental health and safety professionals in Nigeria

This paper aims at assessing the present circumstances strongly associated with healthcare workers in Nigeria. Particular reference is to the recognition of the fact that mobbing and/or bullying stressors are being meted on environmental health workers by other medical and paramedical workers in the field in Nigeria. The study used environmental health workers as sampled population as well includes different actors from the healthcare work force to identify certain key elements associated with mobbing and/or bullying in a set of job-related organizational contexts. The data were obtained using an adopted questionnaire used by previous researchers. In line with this topic three objectives were developed Mobbing and Organizational Trusts, Mobbing and Voice Behaviour, Mobbing and Deviance behaviour. The total number of questionnaires distributed was 220 out of which 200 were dully filled and return for analysis. The results indicated that there is significant relationship between environmental health workers precisely working in the primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare being mobbed or bullied. The identified scene for such act has been identified to be when patients or guest are present in the facility where they work, at meetings or work briefing and during special area inspections. Worst still, was the non-inclusion of environmental health workers in the scheme of building plan, supervision, approval and smooth handing over of projects after completion for lifecycle inspection. The act tends to discourage their job performance and increase the prevalence of diseases related to environmental factors and conditions in the country. Chances are that an environmental health worker may be bullied if the officer insisted on inspecting sites where other professionals (Civil, mechanical, electrical, architects, surveyors amongst other) are in charge during construction. These led to the environmental health workers to suffer from psycho-industrial ailments or work stress, enjoy little satisfaction from their working conditions, and failed to perceive opportunities for promotions in their organizations and future progression in the profession. The implications of these findings could assist in reassuring environmental health workers enviable future, greater challenges and hopes, reduction IN environmentally driven diseases, policy recognition and medical family reintegration by facilitating, good social professional relationships among healthcare workers in the country.

Özel Eğitim Kurumları Denetim Rehberi’nin Yasal Belgeler ve Alanyazın Temelinde Tutarlılığının İncelenmesi

This research aims to identify the compabilitieis and incompatibilities by analyzing the Guidance and Inspection Guide of Education Institutions based on the literature and legal documents. The study material consists of the Special Education Institutions Guidance and Inspection Guide. Document analysis technique, one of the qualitative research designs, was used. The data were analyzed by content analysis tehchnique. The inspection guide consists of four parts. The expressions in the subheadings in each section of the guide were analyzed separately to form meaningful wholes. As a result of the research; numerous inconsistencies of the inspection guide with legal documents have been identified. Although the inspection guide is generally consistent with the literature and the information produced about the science of inspection is included in the guide, inconsistencies were found in the lack of content, contradiction/incompatibility, and conceptual inconsistency codes. The most inconsistency with legal documents, the uncertainty of legal basis, legal gap, and outdated according to legal documents were found in codes. Findings were discussed and suggestions were developed, supported by related theories and literature findings.

Aplication of nanogold and nanosilver to reduce rheumatic arthritis: Case study at leprosy patients

This study aims to ensure the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis cases suffered by leprosy patients. Special inspection is carried out every 2 weeks during the treatment. Treatment by giving nanogold and nanosilver volunteers every morning and night as much as 20 ml 20 ppm in drinking water. The number of volunteers 24 people with an age range of 40-70 years. The sex of male volunteers is 12 people and women are 12 people. The condition is divided into 4 categories; weight, moderate, mild and cured. In the beginning, volunteers were chosen in the weight and moderate categories. Research data were medical records and interviews. The results show a gradual recovery process towards recovery. One person with an initial condition in the weight category had not recovered for 3 months of treatment. Overall there was an improvement in conditions from weight to moderate, mild and recovered. Gender has no effect on the recovery process. The conclusions of the nanogold and nanosilver case studies succeeded in alleviating to cure rheumatoid arthritis volunteers for leprosy patients. This case study has the impact give new hopes for leprosy patients to keep their spirits alive. This is very important for the future of leprosy patients free from rheumatoid arthritis.