Solving Problem Situations Research Articles

Проблема футбольного інтелекту у сучасних дослідженнях

Speed, dynamism, high physical and mental loads characterize modern soccer. In this regard, the player's intelligence plays an important role during the game, because it: affects the form of tactical behavior; allows to make effective decisions in stressful situations; increases the player's ability to understand and establish links between game episodes and solve problematic game episodes using available tactical information. Therefore, the study of theoretical, tactical and psychological aspects of the development of intellectual abilities of a player is important for obtaining high results in this sport. The aim of the study is to analyze theoretical research on the peculiarities and development of intellectual abilities of soccer players. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature. Research results. As a result of the conducted analysis of literary sources it was determined that soccer intelligence is a way of thinking that allows a player to solve problem situations using knowledge, experience, skills and natural data, which are best suited for a particular game situation. Player's intelligence is a complex multilevel structure that is the result of player's adaptation to the conditions of the game space, constitutes a special form of tactical behavior of the player, is the result of purposeful tactical training of the player as a set of elementary processes of information processing and a system of cognitive processes. Conclusions. In soccer, the intellectual component is an integral part of both the game itself and the training process. Coaches are interested in its improvement and effective use because soccer intelligence is a way of thinking that allows a player to successfully solve problem situations using knowledge, experience, skills, and natural data that are best suited for a particular game situation.

ETHICAL ASPECTS OF BUSINESS COMMUNICATION AND MANAGEMENT IN CHINESE BUSINESS

The relevance of the article's topic is that the diversity of national business cultures requires research and consideration of managerial peculiarities in different regions and countries. These peculiarities are determined by historical, religious, climatic and other factors that are formed under the influence of a particular social environment, country or region. Understanding these value systems and cultural differences in the communication behaviour of people from different countries contributes to the efficiency of management, helps to solve problem situations and avoid conflicts during negotiations. The purpose of the study is to examine the cross-cultural aspects of communication and management in Chinese business with a Ukrainian perspective. This includes analysing the main cultural differences between Ukrainians and Chinese, determining the importance of aspects such as language, etiquette, hierarchy and business customs that may affect the effectiveness of communication and management in Chinese business with Ukrainian entrepreneurs. The cross-cultural aspects of communication and management in the Chinese economic environment are a very important topic for research. Recent publications in this area reveal important differences in the way Chinese businesses communicate and manage compared to the West. The concept of “guanxi” is the main principle among Chinese entrepreneurs and requires careful understanding and application. One of the fundamental approaches in the Chinese business environment is to maintain harmonious relationships with partners and customers. This article discusses how successful Chinese companies invest a lot of time and effort in maintaining these mutually beneficial relationships, which helps them succeed in the long run. The role of communication in Chinese business is important. Research shows that closed, non-verbal communication can be very important in the context of Chinese communication and management. The article describes the cross-cultural aspects of communication and management in Chinese business. The article emphasises the importance of understanding cultural differences in business communication and management for successful work in Chinese business. The article analyses the peculiarities of interpersonal relations, communication strategies and approaches to personnel management. The study is aimed at improving the effectiveness of communication in the management system and contributes to the enhancement of intercultural understanding in this context

THE DIDACTIC GAME " DIRETO INVERSO”: A TOOL FOR SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS TEACHING

Faced with the reality of education in our country, it’s noticeable the need to seek new methodologies, teaching tools and teacher training, as a way to make the educational process efficient and consistent with the expected objectives for the present day. Thereby, this academic work aims to propose the development of a didactic game involving magnitudes and their proportionality relations for the final grades of Elementary School, as a methodological resource that facilitates the teaching and learning process of mathematics and science. The game “Direto Inverso” is a board game with a treasure hunt theme in which its players will win coins by solving problem situations involving inversely and directly proportional magnitudes, with the ultimate goal of conquering the treasure chest of knowledge. The game was applied in three moments, in two public schools in the Federal District and in an event of educational practices and experiences, and with different audiences: elementary and high school students and educators. After the application, a QR code was made available that directed the player to an evaluation questionnaire containing objective and subjective questions. Based on the responses, it was observed that the game had excellent acceptability in several aspects. Regarding the game's design, most players found it attractive; with regard to the content addressed, more than 90% of participants said they learned the content while playing, these and other results confirmed the game as an effective tool for the teaching and learning process. At the end of the games, the comments were generally positive, with more than 89% of participants interested in playing again at another opportunity. Thus, it can be concluded that the game "Direto Inverso" contributed to the students' learning in a considerable way, aroused interest in the content without being repelled by mathematics, in addition, the game was considered attractive, allowing students to build knowledge among the sciences in a fun way.

Складові механізму відновлення соціально-економічного розвитку регіонів України в повоєнний період

The continuation of the war and the resulting significant losses in the functional capacity of the country’s territories, its human, economic, infrastructural, environmental, and other potentials have long-term negative consequences and limitations on the future development of both individual regions and the country as a whole. The objective reality of the existing problems requires the development and implementation of certain measures in order to minimize the negative consequences of these challenges on the existence and development of any territories in Ukraine. Of relevance are the development of the security space and infrastructure for the functioning of the country and its regions; the need for planning the development and recovery of the affected areas; creating conditions for the return of Ukrainian refugees and internally displaced persons; formation of safe living conditions; full access to all public services; restoration of functioning and competitiveness of local, regional and national economies, etc. In the face of the challenges caused by the war, these issues have become more specific, aimed at finding ways to rebuild the affected territories of the country, in particular in the post-war period. Analysis and generalization of approaches to the introduction of the components of the recovery mechanism into regional development, determination of its functional orientedness and principles of organization allow us to propose components of the mechanism for recovering the socioeconomic development of the regions of Ukraine in the post-war period, taking into account the security capabilities of both the State and the region. The peculiarity of the study is the formation of components of the mechanism for recovering the socioeconomic development of the regions of Ukraine in the post-war period on the basis of allocation of two kinds of groups: the main groups that correspond to the problem situations of the region and determine the directions of recovery; the auxiliary, or supportive groups, which help in the implementation of the main ones, thereby increasing the impact on solving problem situations. This allows, on the one hand, to generalize the structural elements of the mechanism, and on the other hand, to specify their use depending on functional feasibility. The stage-by-stage distribution of the components of the mechanism for recovering the socioeconomic development of the regions of Ukraine in the post-war period allows them to be grouped taking into account functional capabilities, which makes the mechanism more effective and purposeful in the process of practical implementation.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN THEORY OF ANALYSIS AND ITS SPECIFICITY

Introduction. The new challenges of the modern economy, which arose as a result of the martial law and must be taken into account in the process of conducting analysis at all levels of managerial activity of economic entities, encourage the use of new tools and methods of assessment and preparation of information for management and require a rethinking of scientific approaches to synergism and complexity of this process. The purpose of the article is to conduct in-depth studies of the theoretical foundations of economic analysis, to identify the key reasons for the emergence of its modern types, to highlight and critically evaluate its characteristics and directions for the formation of proposals regarding directions for the further development of this management function, taking into account current challenges and risks. Results. In the process of the conducted scientific research, the types of economic analysis were identified, which will allow to determine the direction of the research taking into account all the necessary components. It is proposed to carry out the distribution of economic analysis according to the scope of its application, which will allow to precisely determine which analysis should be carried out in accordance with the management tasks of the economic entity. The main prospective types of economic analysis that correspond to modern challenges and risks and determine the possibilities of development of subjects in a competitive market environment are substantiated. It is proposed to carry out regulatory and legal analysis and computer analysis in the course of the business entity's activity, which will allow to fully reflect the quality of work of all levels of management and make it possible to choose the most effective direction for the further development of the business entity in the long term. Prospects. The modern development of the economic system and the threats that arise in the process of managerial activity of business entities require analysts to quickly process economic data and derive their results in accordance with the specified terms. And therefore, the subject of further scientific research is the use of the capabilities of computer technologies in the process of conducting effective and qualitative analysis for the purposes of managing a business entity in order to solve problem situations.

Разработка методики оценки эффективности применения интерсубъективного подхода к управлению разрешением проблемных ситуаций

A new intersubjective approach to management, complementing traditional management and taking into account subjective factors, covers the scope of management associated with solving problem situations for heterogeneous actors. The uniqueness of the approach lies in the fact that the actors get out of the problem situation themselves, not managers who are endowed with certain powers and want to help their participants. The aim of the study is to develop a method for evaluating the effectiveness of applying a new intersubjective approach. Subjective factors are taken into account due to the orientation of the intersubjective approach to subjects. It is proposed to use the scenario modeling methodology, which includes a comparison of several alternative scenarios. In intersubjective problem-solving management, scenario modeling compares the post-resolution situation to the situation without the use of the approach. An algorithm for assessing the satisfaction of actors with the results of solving a problem situation has been developed. It includes an integral assessment of the results of applying the methodology of intersubjective problem-solving in organizational systems. The approval of the efficiency evaluation method showed that the effect obtained is higher when traditional management is supplemented with an intersubjective approach.

TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN BASIC EDUCATION THROUGH PROBLEM SOLVING

Even today, since the first school years, most of the time in Mathematics classes, it is observed that students learn to do math (algorithms), with predetermined rules and steps, presented on the blackboard and in textbooks, at which they have to follow without, however, previously reasoning why they are doing that, or even without having the possibility of developing their own method to solve mathematical problems. This mechanization of the teaching-learning process of mathematical concepts causes students to lack understanding and interest in the subject. On the other hand, when using the resolution of challenging problem situations, applying examples from the school context, it helps the development of students’ autonomous reasoning. In this context, the present study will focus on the importance of solving problem situations in teaching Mathematics in Basic Education, using bibliographic data as a research method. Furthermore, the main objective of the research is to discuss the importance of solving problem situations in teaching Mathematics in Basic Education. Furthermore, it is worth highlighting that research highlights the role of the teacher as a stimulator and mediator of the hypotheses raised by students, enabling them to develop logical reasoning capacity, understanding the importance of mathematical concepts for their day-to-day lives.

FEATURES OF THE STUDY OF GEO-INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN THE TRAINING OF STUDENTS OF THE SPECIALTY «GEODESY AND LAND SURVEYING»

The article highlights the problems and tasks that have intensified in higher education under the conditions of a long period of distance learning and martial law. Questions about the need to create integrated education are particularly argued and lapidary. This has a positive effect on the development of independence, cognitive activity and interests of modern higher education seekers. In this way, the acquirers show the development of creative thinking according to their own architecture. At the same time, significant complications of its content and a significant increase in the amount of knowledge are becoming characteristic features of modern education. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and introduce the latest educational paradigms into pedagogical practice. This should be based on the results of a significant rethinking of the very goals of education, its nature and technology. In the general structure of the set of these attributes of education, an extremely important place should be occupied by pedagogical influence on student youth. At the same time, this influence should consist in the formation of students' motivation to properly master the educational material. It is also necessary to properly organize pedagogical influence and transdisciplinary connections when teaching educational material. This should be considered as the main way of effectively solving the main tasks of education. From this follows the need to train a new generation of specialists. Who will be able to creatively adapt to the fast-moving environment with knowledge of the matter. They will be able to move from one type of work to another, all this ultimately determines the very heuristic approach to education. It is this approach that will help to change the usual reproductive activity of the student in classes. The student will be involved in active assimilation of new material and independent analysis in solving problem situations. Then the student will be able to enter the context of future professional activity. All these measures will contribute to the intensification of the educational process. This will ultimately have a positive effect on the quality of education and the value of the future graduate in the eyes of a potential employer. Keywords: integrated learning, cognitive activity, self-development, levels of integration of educational material, transdisciplinary learning, interdisciplinary connections, competence.

PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS OF SOCIALIZATION OF CHILDREN OF SENIOR PRESCHOOL AGE IN THE INTERACTION OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION INSTITUTION AND FAMILY

Rapid socio-political changes in the life of modern society make it necessary to prepare children for the development of social relations and various types of behavior in society from an early age. Such qualities as the ability to manage their behavior and ways of communication, the ability to choose appropriate behavior, orientation in new circumstances, a sense of their place among other people is the sphere of social development of the child, which contributes to their social well-being. The effectiveness of the implementation of the outlined tasks of social development of preschoolers is largely determined by the establishment of interaction between preschool education institutions and families of pupils. Only close relations of the preschool education institution on the basis of cooperation with the family provide conditions for the full process of socialization of the preschool child. Our research allowed us to find out the existing problems in socialization of the majority of children of senior preschool age, in particular: unformed ideas about "approved", "acceptable" and "unacceptable" forms of behavior; inability to establish and maintain positive relationships with others; short-term and unstable relationships with peers; unformed positive attitude to society and themselves; inability to solve problem situations. Purpose of article is to substantiate the psychological and pedagogical conditions for the socialization of the personality of a child of senior preschool age in the process of interaction between the family and the institution of preschool education. To achieve this goal, a number of theoretical and empirical methods were used: theoretical: analysis, systematization, and generalization of theoretical data presented in the psychological and pedagogical literature; empirical: a survey of educators using the method of T. Repina (2004), sociometric study "Birthday", observation of children's behavior in joint activities and games. In the process of organizing the work, the following methods and techniques have proved their effectiveness: organization of positive communication between parents, educators and children; involvement of parents in assessing the child's progress, forecasting the prospects for the child's development; encouraging parents to participate in joint work with the child and the teacher, the staff of the preschool institution; active listening to parents, trying to understand their problems, to help make a well-grounded pedagogical decision; building friendly, optimistic, cordial relations with parents.

STRATEGIC FORESIGHT AS A TOOL FOR COUNTERING MODERN GLOBAL CHALLENGES TO ECONOMIC SECURITY AND INEQUALITY: EU EXPERIENCE FOR UKRAINE IN PROMOTING RESILIENCE AND SUSTAINABILITY

The aim of the article is to explore the potential of strategic foresight in countering contemporary global challenges to economic security and inequality, as well as to analyze the specifics of its use by EU institutions to promote sustainability and resilience. Foresight analysis is characterized as an opportunity to explore the potential consequences of trends that may have different combinations of impact on economic security. Foresight is defined as an integral analytical part of strategic forecasting, focused on forecasting and planning, which determines the opportunities and threats of long-term development, and also suggests strategies for solving problem situations. Strategic foresight differs from traditional planning in that it considers probable, possible, plausible, and preferred futures alike. In addition, while traditional planning tries to prevent failure, foresight encourages resilience, which is early detection and rapid recovery, making it adaptive for managing economic security. One of the most important results of the formation of the institutional infrastructure of foresight research in the EU can be considered the formation on the EU foresight network. The European Commission focuses its activities in the field of strategic foresight-forecasting of sustainable development in four interrelated areas: socio-economic, geopolitical, green and digital. The foresight analysis tools have been identified. The European strategy for economic security is analyzed and its priorities are highlighted. From the standpoint of sustainability and resilience, the problem of inequality both within the EU member states and within the association is emphasized, and the problem of digital inequality is highlighted. The socio-economic, geopolitical, environmental and digital dimensions of the economic security of the EU are characterized and the associated risks and threats are characterized. The foresight analysis of geopolitical risks is considered in the context of assessing the quality of policies. Attention is focused on the risks of cyber threats in the context of the digital transition as a megatrend that accompanies the formation of Industry 4.0, which will cause systemic changes that affect economic security. The problems that need to be solved by politicians both at the national and supranational levels in the implementation of green and digital transitions are noted. It is concluded that the development of economic, social, industrial, digital, environmental policies, by their nature, is based on taking into account development megatrends, but governments usually do not resort to proper scanning of unexpected, unprecedented events and effective response to them. In particular, policies that continue established or past trends and do not take new developments into account may be ineffective, inadequate or even counterproductive. Strategic foresight has become an important tool for shaping EU policy, developing sound forward-looking strategies and ensuring actions linked to long-term goals through the use of various technologies

“Tango for Two”: Women’s Interviews in Clinical Reproductive Practice

This article attempts to combine data obtained through interviews by a psychologist of female donors participating in an assisted reproductive technology program and interpret them through narrative analysis and communicative situation analysis. The article describes the structure of an oocyte-donor which has never been done before with reference to Russian-language material. An ethical platform for the study is openness to a new type of scientific knowledge that results from the interpretation of the informants’ answers who try to comprehend their motives to donate. The narrative analysis of 21 transcripts helps determine the roles of the interviewer and the informant at each stage and their contribution to the discussion-testing communicative situation. The interview includes several stages, such as “a window to the past”, at which the autobiographical narrative is recorded as comprehensively as possible; a description of the donor’s current state which focuses on strategies for solving problem situations; the interview ends with a series of thought experiments that allow the psychologist to assess the emotional stability of the potential donor and make a forecast regarding the prospects for long-term cooperation with the reproductive medicine clinic. The paper outlines the cases of participants’ cooperation and mismatches in building a credible and value-consistent autobiographical narrative that includes the donation experience. The authors seek to fit this experience into a broader value context, including a compensatory one related to the urgent problems of potential donors. Women’s answers help specify the concept of donor ‘multi-motivation’. The ambiguity of public opinion regarding donation as a reproductive medicine phenomenon is expressed in the fact that the availability of information for those who are aware of the issue co-exists with donors’ persistent reluctance to display their activity outside the inner circle. Research perspectives include the need to consider the narrative contribution of each participant in the situation of reproduction, i. e. physicians, donors, and recipient parents, and its further use in practice.

Trigonometry vs. Trigonometric Integration

Background : Relating and applying trigonometric contents to solve problem situations involving trigonometric integration is not easy for university students. Objective : To recognise trigonometry as a mathematical tool with multiple applications in their professional context. Design : Exploratory, descriptive, analytical-interpretative. Setting and participants: University engineering students. Data collection and analysis : Two stages were programmed: preparation and formalisation. The classes were videotaped and transcribed into units of analysis in order to triangulate the information collected. Results : The importance of trigonometry as a mathematical tool that allows modelling different problem situations was highlighted. Conclusions : The development of mathematical competencies in young people was evidenced, manifested in the progress of advanced mathematical thinking skills, such as: abstracting, generalising, synthesising, defining, and demonstrating; manifested when facing different proposed situations where students understood that when using trigonometric integration, different trigonometric elements are also used, allowing for obtaining simpler expressions and facilitate integration.

Strategies of Pre-Service Mathematics Teachers when Articulating Representations of a Function

Background : Several investigations have shown the difficulties that pre-service mathematics teachers present in articulating the elements of a function, in particular, its different representations. Objective : To analyse pre-service mathematics teachers’ articulation of semiotic representations and partial meanings of the notion of function. Design: This research uses qualitative design. Setting and participants : The respondents’ sample comprised 37 pre-service mathematics teachers from a Chilean university. Data collection and analysis : To collect the information, interviews were applied based on the answers given by the pre-service teachers when solving problem situations that involve functional relationships, of which they had to produce and connect their representations, both with conceptual elements and with the sociocultural context. The information was processed using the content analysis technique. Results: The results show a good state of development of the mathematical dimension of the participants’ didactic-mathematical knowledge. Regarding didactic knowledge, while some managed to articulate the partial meanings of function and the representations produced adequately, others show limitations, by not putting at the service of mathematical knowledge the knowledge with which they can potentially carry out teaching situations, establishing few connections between the elements of the representations produced, with corresponding conceptual and sociocultural elements. Conclusions: There is a need for implementing strategies that allow pre-service teachers to articulate partial meanings and representations of a function with conceptual and sociocultural elements that leads them to envision potential teaching activities of this concept.

Optimization of the Teaching of Surgical Disciplines in the Training of Family Medicine Specialists at the Undergraduate Level of Education

The quality of medical care for the population depends on the level of training of future doctors. The formation of professional competence of a general practitioner-family doctor requires a wide range of multidisciplinary knowledge. The innovative technologies, especially interactive teaching methods, are used to make the conditions of a successful educational process. A large amount of material that a general practitioner-family doctor should master encourages the introduction of innovative and integral pedagogical methods that optimize the possibilities of acquiring knowledge and the formation of special practical skills, including surgical skills. The article deals with new views of a comprehensive treatment approach of patients with acute surgical diseases, analyzed modern methods and perspective rehabilitation methodic of surgical patients during the preparing of a general practitioner–family physician at the level of underground education. On the basis of the analysis of existing educational plans and education programs of doctors in the specialty “General Practice-Family Medicine”, the evaluation of acquired theoretical knowledge, special practical skills and the recommendations on the introduction of innovative and integral methods of teaching the basics were presented. The article reveals aspects of providing specialized gastroenterological medical care to the population of Ukraine, which today has a significant medical and social importance. Over the last 5 years, the incidence of digestive system and mortality due to diseases has increased. The study of manifestation, variants of clinical course, diagnostic tactics, diagnosis are extremely relevant at the level of underground education. Knowledge of major diagnostic and tactical errors in acute surgical diseases of the stomach and duodenum is mandatory. Future general practitioners-family doctors need to know the basic clinical signs of acute surgical diseases of the hepatobiliary system and pancreas, improve the skills of taking the patient’s anamnesis (complaints, anamnesis of the disease, history of life, determination of risk factors), need to be able to make an optimal examination plan to confirm the diagnosis, establish a diagnosis, as well as to learn the algorithm of medical history records and be able to determine the period of disability of patients after surgery. During the stages of the educational process for better study effectiveness interactive, innovative methods, various approaches to diagnosis and treatment. Emergency care and rehabilitation of patients are ought to be used; solving problem situations tasks implement more effective training in surgery for the practical activity of a physician in the specialty “General Practice-Family medicine”.

Conception of Learning Objects with Feedback for Self-Regulation of Learning Mathematical Concepts Necessary for Differential and Integral Calculus

Background: Due to the high failure rates in engineering courses, it is of fundamental importance to seek alternatives that minimise the difficulties that students entering Brazilian universities have in the disciplines of the area of mathematics. An alternative is to use learning objects (LO) that allow students to be aware of their errors and encourage them to formulate hypotheses and solve problem situations, aspects that are fundamental for the self-regulation of learning. Objectives: To present the conception and evaluation of an LO with feedback that allows the student to self-regulate their learning with regard to the concepts of mathematics necessary for differential and integral calculus. Design: The research is based on the design science research - DSR methodology. In the first stage, detailed in this article, we sought to present the relevance of the problem and the artefact’s design proposal and the first phase of assessing this design. Setting and Participants: The LO was submitted to an online assessment by seven mathematics teachers and two mathematics education researchers. Data collection and analysis: It was carried out through the transcription of the videos recorded during the assessment via Google Meet. Results: The experts pointed out the potentialities of the LO to diagnose and remedy/intervene before possible errors made by higher education newcomers. Conclusions: After the assessment, the artefact was restructured and improved following the specialists’ notes. The following steps of the research will be the implementation of the complete version of the Los, with questions that explore the strata of numerical, algebraic, and functional knowledge. We expect that the educational product of this research will help students with their mathematical difficulties in DIC.

MODERN EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES AND ITS PROBLEMS

Modern educational technology in higher education is about problem-based learning, research and problem-solving. The purpose of problem-based learning is to find answers to educational problems, problems and questions in the process of working with students, to acquire new knowledge by solving them, to create and solve problem situations in the educational activities of students. With the help of problem-based learning, students develop a research approach to solving learning problems and specialization issues, the formation of independent learning skills.

Critical thinking development in students during coding in the subject of “information and communication technology”

Coding is solving problems while working. In coding, you must visualize and create map minds of your task or issue and break down the problem into smaller and more manageable parts, so that you can solve them more effectively and efficiently. So overall, coding includes the same process as critical thinking, and that of critical thinking process can be used very well and effectively in coding. Purpose: Exploring the possibilities and perspectives of the interaction between coding and encouraging, also developing critical thinking among students in the 15-18 age group. Evidence of students’ help in diversifying the ways of gaining knowledge and practical skills, as well as enabling young people to be more involved, among the approaches to education in the contemporary educational process. Method: This study is conducted at the “Arif Halil Sulaj” high school, Mamurras. To achieve the study objectives, a field survey was conducted through questionnaires and focus groups, both for teachers and for students of the “Arif Halil Sulaj” high school, Mamurras. Conclusion: Based on the searched results, it was evidenced that coding has a significant impact on increasing the involvement of students in the most active lessons and encouraging critical thinking, enabling them to solve problem situations independently, especially in the subjects of exact sciences. The recommendations determine the need to extend the curriculum in general with coding hours and algorithms as well as the addition of ICT hours in the 11th grade.

Деякі проблеми успішності управління закладом дошкільної освіти в сучасних умовах

The article reveals the essence and task of organizing the management system of a preschool education institution in modern conditions. Special attention has been paid to some aspects of adapting business methods in the management of a preschool education institution, its components, and the role of the educational environment, as a condition of life safety, formation of a creative and independent personality. At the same time, the importance of partnership interaction of educators and parents in creating psychological comfort, managers’ possession of various techniques for solving problem situations through unifying communication in the system of the «educator – parents – children» based on the formed value foundations of the personality has been emphasized. Considerable attention has been paid to disclosure of criteria for assessing the quality of management processes and the need to observe academic integrity in the work of an institution. The need for head of an institution to possess methods of motivating educators to increase the effectiveness of work with educatees and their parents has been emphasized. The importance of compliance by head of an institution with regulatory and legal documents (the basic component, the Law «On Education», the Professional Standard «Head (Director) of a preschool education institution», etc.) and the need to follow the changes announced there have been revealed. These requirements also relate to the principles of organizing the educational process of a preschool education institution, advanced training of pedagogical personnel, planning, and building a system for working with parents of educatees and improving the image of a preschool institution. A selective analysis of the experience of the HEI work system in preparing future managers of preschool education institutions of various types is of practical importance.

THE STABILITY OF REGIONAL FINANCIAL AND CREDIT INSTITUTIONS AS A FACTOR IN THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE CITY OF MOSCOW

Introduction. The economic security of regions in the Russian Federation is the basis of national security. It is necessary to conduct a comprehensive study of the mechanism for ensuring the stability of regional fi nancial and credit institutions as a factor in the economic security of the region, as well as to determine the stability and sustainability of this mechanism against various risks and threats. Methodology. As initial information for the analysis of the fi nancial and credit system of Moscow, we used information on the socio-economic situation of Moscow for 2019-2021, presented on the Mosstat portal; information about the largest banks and non-state pension funds of Moscow, presented by the fi nancial portal Banki.ru. In addition, in order to analyze the risks of banking and pension activities, information from the Russian rating agency Expert RA was used. Results. The assessment of the level of development and stability of the fi nancial and credit system of Moscow was carried out. We identified and assessed the risks of the system of fi nancial and credit institutions in Moscow. Problem areas in the activities of fi nancial and credit institutions and proposals for solving problem situations were indicated. Conclusions. The study showed that the fi nancial and credit institutions of Moscow have a significant impact on the level and pace of socio-economic development of the region and the country as a whole, provide the economy and the social sphere with the necessary fi nancial resources and provide various fi nancial services to local organizations and the population. However, the emerging problem situations and risks of the fi nancial and credit system undermine the stability of regional institutions in terms of the economic security of Moscow. Market, political, credit and investment risks have to be studied for reducing their performance. Furthermore, the paper highlights the most significant problems in the development of the banking sector and the stability of regional fi nancial and credit institutions and offers proposals for their solution. In conclusion, the main threats to the economic security of the region from fi nancial and credit institutions are identified.

World Practices of STEM Education Implementation: Current Problems and Results

The term “STEM education” has been clarified. It is well-founded that STEM education is a learning process that is based on interdisciplinary and practical orientation and provides the formation of skills to acquire theoretical knowledge, and master scientific methods for their use in solving specific practical tasks (not only in professional activities). A quantitative analysis of the results of the implementation of STEM education, presented in scientific publications, was carried out. A small percentage of publications dedicated to STEM education have been found. It has been established that in countries with developed economies, there are significantly more published scientific results regarding the implementation of STEM education. Practical cases of the implementation of STEM education in Ukraine and the world are highlighted. Among these are the organization of STEM education through solving problem situations in field conditions; basing classes on solving practical tasks in a certain professional field; examples of organizing and conducting lessons in high school on an interdisciplinary basis; cases for four scenario exercises; cases for solving practice-oriented tasks at home; and cases of inclusive education using STEM projects. A content analysis of modern practices of implementing STEM education on the basis of open educational resources such as Coursera, edX, Udemy, Prometheus, and EdEra was conducted. The analysis of open educational resources shows that there are too few courses that would focus on STEM education and on training teachers to implement STEM-oriented education. The basis for the research was scientific publications in publications indexed by the scientometric databases Scopus and Web of Science over the past 10 years, and dissertation research conducted in Ukraine.