Socio-economic Sphere Research Articles

Examining trade strategies in Europe and Ukraine: Navigating challenges and building economic strength

Today, the global community operates within an integrated global economic system. Against the backdrop of globalised integration of the socio-economic sphere, international trade is positioned as a significant factor in the intensification of economic development. In this context, trade strategies can create new opportunities or risks for the national economy. This article aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the trade strategies of the European Union (EU) and Ukraine in the context of potential advantages and related challenges for economic resilience. The study finds that international trade helps to mitigate the limitations of national resource potential and the narrowness of the domestic market, intensifies the potential for innovative industrialisation, and accelerates economic growth. The specifics of forming the modern concept of international trade development in the context of the European community and Ukraine are identified. The main principles of modern trade strategies are considered, their strengths and weaknesses are analysed, and directions for improvement are highlighted. The impact of trade strategies on the level of economic resilience is examined. It is substantiated that a high level of competition in the global market requires the adaptability of producers’ trade strategies and the formation of appropriate structures to coordinate the functioning of the external economic relations infrastructure complex. The main success factors of a trading strategy when entering new markets are highlighted, including preliminary research of local legislation requirements and market dynamics, the development of adaptive marketing strategies, and effective management of customs processes. Active participation in the international trade environment has proven to open additional opportunities for realising economic potential. At the same time, it is necessary to specify the development strategy to ensure long-term competitive advantages.

Exploring the influence of digital technology innovation on air quality: Insights from developed and developing economies

Progress in digital technology innovation (DTI) and its adoption in socioeconomic spheres of life emphasizes the need to explore whether it contributes to sustainability. This study examined the significant role of DTI and other key factors in reducing emissions across 85 developed and developing economies. Pooled regression and Generalized Least Squares (GLS) estimates showed that DTI significantly reduced air pollution. Moreover, green energy, governance, and economic-social performance are key contributors to air pollution reduction. These findings are insightful for informed environmental decision-making and open avenues for future research on how DTI interacts with other key environmental pollution factors.

Impact of digitalisation on the structure of youth political leadership

At the present stage, youth political leadership is in the focus of attention of researchers due to the fact that youth policy is an important part of public policy. The concept of the youth political leadership is relatively new and interdisciplinary, integrating politological, sociological, psychopolitical, and managerial approaches. To analyse the phenomenon, the systematisation of scientific approaches to the study of political leadership is conducted, 6 stages of the development of scientific thought from the second half of the XIX century to the beginning of the XXI one are highlighted. The classical and modern theories of leadership are considered. The article substantiates the mediation of methodological approaches to the political leadership by the historical and political context and the level of development of the political culture of society. They are the basis for studying the structure of the phenomenon in question. It is proved that under the influence of digitalisation as the most important aspect of reality, as an attribute of politics and the socio-economic sphere, the structure of the youth political leadership is undergoing a change. Digitalisation makes adjustments to the existing scientific and methodological basis of the political leadership. The analysis of available leadership concepts has shown a movement from its personal aspect to the socio-interactive one, however, in the context of digital transformation, it is necessary to introduce a digital component of leadership. Based on empirical data, the modern structure of the youth political leadership is derived, consisting of three components: personal, socio-interactive, and digital.

Криминальное поведение в контексте миграционных процессов

Migration processes have a decisive role for the modern development of Russia, since migration has an extremely negative impact on the socioeconomic spheres of life and significantly aggravates the crime situation. In particular, the influx of illegal immigration stimulates the underground economy and limits the possibility of replenishing the state budget. The illegal component of migration processes has turned into a well-established criminal business with a developed structure, as well as the development of an “economic economy” with many participants and a large turnover of funds. The criminal activity of immigration crime has a significant impact on criminological security in the country and aggravates the criminogenic situation as a whole. Without eliminating the criminal impact, it is impossible to improve its demographic and socio-economic situation. In this regard, the study of the nature of offenses in the context of migration processes is timely and justified.

Environmental impacts generated by the hydroelectric power plant El Quimbo - Colombia. An ex-post evaluation

Introduction: Hydroelectric power plants are the most demanded source of electrical energy worldwide after the year 2000. Objective: This article identified the environmental impacts generated by the construction and operation of the El Quimbo hydroelectric power plant in the area of influence in southern Colombia from an ex-post perspective. Methodology: The study was of a mixed nature, under the deductive and descriptive method using information gathering techniques such as documentary analysis, open and participatory reconnaissance and the Delphi survey. Results: A total of eighty-eight (88) environmental impacts were identified in the physical, biotic and socioeconomic spheres. In the physical dimension, aspects such as decreased river flow and land flooding were found; in the biotic dimension, aspects such as increased displacement of terrestrial fauna and increased mortality of native species of terrestrial flora and fauna were identified; and in the socioeconomic field, decreased agricultural employment and increased cost of living were highlighted. Conclusions: We conclude with the identification of a greater number of negative impacts in the socioeconomic dimension compared to the impacts in the physical and biotic fields.

Gender Complementarity in the Process of Anchovies Production in North Sumatran Coast Communities

This study investigated the nuanced dynamics of gender complementarity within the context of anchovy production, focusing on the coastal communities of North Sumatra. In recent years, increased awareness of gender dynamics has underscored their crucial role in socio-economic spheres, particularly within fisheries. Anchovies, both an integral economic driver and a significant nutritional resource, serve as a focal point for examining the complex interplay between gender roles, responsibilities, and contributions in the production process. This exploratory study was conducted using an ethnographic approach, this research deeply immersed itself in the daily lives of North Sumatra’s coastal communities. Through extended engagement, participant observation, and a multifaceted methodology involving firsthand experiences, systematic observations, and in-depth interviews, the study aimed to capture a comprehensive understanding of the sociocultural dynamics shaping gender complementarity in anchovies production. Findings revealed that the anchovy production process has established a productive work cycle, significantly contributing to the local economy, particularly for women, and positively influencing the overall economic conditions of the community. Keywords: Gender Complementarity , Sustainable Fisheries, Domestic Economy, Anchovies Production, Tanjungbalai

Russia’s Regional Parliamentary Elections (2021): Cleavage Structure and Trends of Changes

Abstract The article studies the cleavage structures of Russian regions based on the results of elections to regional assemblies in 2021 and analyzes changes compared to previous elections. Factor analysis reveals factors of territorial differences in party voting (electoral cleavages), issue dimensions and sub-dimensions of political space, as well as factors of demographic and socio-economic inter-territorial differentiation. Correlation analysis and multiple regression (OLS) help determine whether electoral cleavages have a political interpretation and a social basis. It demonstrates that the regional elections of 2021 largely reproduced the cleavage structure of 2016, but with some changes. What was common was the almost identical total number of participants and the factors of territorial differences in party voting. The difference was the increase in the number of ‘complete’ electoral cleavages and political subdimensions; the emergence of new actors; expansion of the agenda. It is also noted, that the confrontation between the ‘party of power’ and other participants in domestic politics and the socio-economic sphere constituted the political content of the main electoral cleavage, while the confrontation between market liberals and protectionists in the socio-economic sphere competed for second place with the socio-cultural confrontation. The most common social background of electoral cleavages remained urbanization, which was the main predictor in most cases. At the same time, the importance of economic activity of the population has increased, displacing the factor of demographic characteristics from second place.

The legal basis of innovative activities in the conditions of military conflict and in the period of continuous economic recovery

The conditions for the formation of the legal basis for the implementation of innovative activities of economic entities in Ukraine in the conditions of a military conflict have been studied. The factors of the legal field of innovative activity of economic entities are defined, which include: internal factors of the legal basis of innovative activity of economic entities, which combine the legal consequences of the choice of the legal form of the organization of economic entities and a set of regulatory and legal acts of an internal nature and external factors the legal basis of the innovative activity of business entities, which are based on a complex of normative and regulatory acts of the national and international level, which determine the possibilities and limitations of making and implementing management decisions in the field of innovative activity. The high dynamics of transformations of the legal field of innovative activity of economic entities became a prerequisite for the development of a mechanism for monitoring the influence of legal factors on the course of innovative activity, the advantage of which is the possibility of adjusting management decisions based on monitoring data and controlling the effectiveness of adaptive management decisions in the field of innovation activity. The shortcomings of the existing system of regulatory and legal regulation of innovation activities in Ukraine are characterized and it is substantiated that in the post-war period, during the period of economic recovery, the tools of state regulation of the innovation sphere and the mechanisms of state support for innovative projects can be implemented for the accelerated reproduction of the production sector and the recovery of the socio-economic sphere of Ukraine. It was determined that the need to ensure a safe legal field for innovative and investment activity in Ukraine determines the need to improve the system of normative and legal regulation of innovative activity, create conditions for fair competition for innovative enterprises, and create guarantees for the protection of the interests of national and foreign investors.

ACTIVATING DIRECTIONS OF THE RESORT TERRITORY DEVELOPMENT FOR MEDICAL REHABILITATION NEEDS

Topicality. Activation resort areas development for medical rehabilitation purposes requires a comprehensive approach and interaction of various socio-economic spheres such as medicine, tourism, infrastructure, ecology, and economy. However, current realities necessitate considering all these spheres from the perspective of economic benefit and financial sustainability. Natural assets, especially therapeutic ones, play a significant role in the activation of rehabilitation resort areas. Rehabilitation using therapeutic assets can be considered part of the broader sector of medical and wellness services, which includes hospitals, clinics, sanatoriums, rehabilitation centers, and other medical institutions that provide services for treatment, health restoration, and maintaining physical and mental well-being. Rehabilitation also has a socially significant role, not only in terms of health improvement and integration into the lives of people with disabilities but also in creating jobs, improving the standard of living, developing infrastructure, and attracting investments. Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to determine the benchmarks for ensuring the sustainable development of resort areas for medical rehabilitation purposes through effective management of natural and other assets to improve the quality of services, preserve the environment, and ensure economic growth. The objectives of the research are to identify the principles by which the area and rehabilitation and wellness services will be developed using the therapeutic and other assets of the resort economy subjects, and to substantiate the directions for activating its development. Materials and Methods. The article used a comprehensive approach that includes literature analysis, statistical and empirical research, and comparative analysis. This allowed for obtaining reliable data, identifying opportunities, and developing recommendations for effective management of natural and other assets to improve the quality of services, preserve the environment, and ensure economic growth. Research results. The research substantiated that in the post-war period the need for rehabilitation and rehabilitation will increase significantly. This necessitates the development of rehabilitation areas. This also confirms that almost 2/3 of the population of Ukraine is under constant stress, 15 million need psychological rehabilitation, and 10 million have problems with their emotional state and mental health. This is supported by a 60% increase in budget spending on rehabilitation needs in 2023. Conclusion. The article highlights that despite the war events, steps towards environmental protection and sustainable use of natural assets have moved in the direction of the requirements of European legislation. However, failure to adopt the improved law on eco-audit leads to the uncontrolled use of natural medicinal assets in the rehabilitation and recovery of war aggression personnel and the population. Currently, the country is undergoing large-scale transformations of socio-economic policy in the direction of rehabilitation, but so far the institutional base for the development of territories and the generalization of the regulatory basis is not capable of ensuring the development of the resort economy. In this regard, we offer a set of indicators in accordance with the principles and directions for the development of the resort area for the needs of rehabilitation and recovery.

Attributes and Trends of Rentified Capitalism

What is rentified capitalism? And, how can we characterise its unfolding into the socio-economic sphere? This paper theoretically and empirically defines attributes and trends of rentified capitalism, that we shall argue, it is more than a stage of capitalism, but it rather represents a new socio-economic paradigm characterised by the primacy of rent accumulation. The functioning of rentified capitalism is based on three mechanisms, namely, appropriation, exclusion and commodification. From income distribution, to financialization, from housing to intellectual property rights, the definition of the ownership structure is nowadays progressively favouring the power of rentiers in the production and redistribution spheres, as such jeopardizing the very capacity of capitalism as a system able to generate new economic value and a social and equitable prosperity.

The Impact of Energy Efficiency on Economic Growth: Application of the MARCO Model to the Portuguese Economy 1960–2014

The benefits of energy efficiency are recognized in multiple socio-economic spheres. Still, the quantitative impact on macroeconomic performance is not fully understood, as modeling tools are not thermodynamically consistent—failing to explicitly include the useful stage of energy flows and/or thermodynamic efficiencies in primary–final–useful energy transformations. Misspecification in the link between energy use and the economy underplays the role of energy use and efficiency in economic growth. In this work, we develop and implement the Macroeconometric Resource Consumption model for Portugal (MARCO-PT), 1960–2014. Based on the post-Keynesian framework developed for the United Kingdom (MARCO-UK), our model explicitly includes thermodynamic energy efficiency, extending the analysis to the useful stage of energy flows. The model’s stochastic equations are econometrically estimated. The historical influence of key variables—namely thermodynamic energy efficiency—on economic output is assessed through counterfactual simulations and computation of year-by-year output elasticities. The MARCO-PT model adequately describes the historical behavior of endogenous variables. Although its influence has decreased over time, thermodynamic efficiency has consistently been the major contributor to economic growth between 1960–2014, with an average output elasticity of 0.46. Total useful exergy is also a major contributing factor, with an average output elasticity of 0.29. Both have a higher influence than capital, labor, or other energy variables (final energy, prices). An adequate integration of thermodynamic efficiency is thus crucial for macroeconomic models.

Limits of state influence on the economy in times of war in the context of upholding and implementing socio-economic human rights

The article emphasizes that the war in Ukraine poses complex challenges to the state, with the need to balance the need to strengthen state regulation of the economy to meet defense needs and preserve the principles of the free market. This balance becomes particularly acute in the context of upholding and implementing socio-economic human rights, which may be restricted in times of war. The authors investigate the limits of state influence on the economy in wartime, taking into account the need to uphold and implement socio-economic human rights, and also explore various strategies of state intervention in the economy in wartime, such as imposing economic sanctions, stimulating the production of military equipment and providing financial support for humanitarian needs. The authors propose a comprehensive analysis of the limits and instruments of state influence on the economy in wartime, taking into account the need to uphold and implement socio-economic human rights. It is argued that the limits and instruments of state influence on the economy, which ensure a balance between the needs of defense, market functioning and upholding of socio-economic human rights, should be defined by law. The current situation of the state’s economy is described. The socio-economic perspectives of post-war reconstruction of Ukraine are characterized. Recommendations for improving the mechanisms of state regulation of the economy in times of war are developed. In particular, the author emphasizes that the longer the war lasts, the deeper the economic crisis will become and the more negative the impact on the socio-economic sphere will increase. This is due to numerous factors, such as: destruction of infrastructure; decline in production; loss of jobs; rising prices; and reduced trade. In view of the significant economic risks, the authors conclude that the political authorities and representatives of civil society should focus their joint efforts on: infrastructure reconstruction; support for small and medium-sized entrepreneurship; social assistance; investments in education and healthcare; and international cooperation.

FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL ORIENTATION OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SPHERE

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problem of forming the professional orientation of future specialists in the socionomic sphere. The purpose of the study is to reveal the essence of personality orientation and the peculiarities of the formation of professional orientation among specialists in socionomic professions. Research methods applied: theoretical ‒ study of scientific literature, analysis, systematization, comparison, generalization of the obtained information. It was established that in the most general sense, the orientation of the individual is understood as a set of stable motives that orient the activity of the individual and determine its selectivity and activity. The orientation of a person is characterized by his beliefs, ideals, interests, inclinations, which express the individualʼs worldview. In their structure, these types of orientation contain needs, attitudes, and relationships. If we are talking about the orientation of an individual when performing a specific activity, then the concept of «professional orientation» is used. Being an important aspect of the general orientation of the individual, the professional orientation represents a set of needs, attitudes, interests, ideals, beliefs and determines the choice of life goals. To form a professional orientation in future specialists means to strengthen in them a positive attitude towards the future profession, interest, inclination and ability to it, the desire to improve their qualifications after graduating from an educational institution, to develop ideals, views, beliefs, the prestige of the profession in the eyes of the future specialist. In the multi-functional activity of a specialist in the socio-economic sphere, professional training, his ability to design his activity, effectively solve complex professional tasks, and creatively approach the matter are priorities. The personality of the future specialist is formed and developed simultaneously with his professional qualities, readiness to fulfill future obligations. We consider the category «readiness» as two interdependent components: the individualʼs readiness for activity and the individualʼs readiness for professional self-development. The readiness of the future specialist in the socio-economic sphere for professional activity is determined by: psychological readiness, scientific-professional, practical, psychophysiological, physical.

Intra-uterus phthalate exposure, ROS formation and altered mitochondrial D-loop methylation pattern at birth as potential triggers and markers of Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer's Disease is one of the fastest growing causes of dementia, and the factors that trigger its pathology have not yet been completely unraveled. In addition, Alzheimer's disease (AD) impacts not only the individual affected, but also the familial and socio-economic spheres. On the other hand, phthalates are plasticizers capable of interfering with the endocrine system and which, due to the nature of the most varied objects, utensils and tools used by society, as well as the propensity of these chemicals to dissociate from their matrices and accumulate in the environment and living organisms, are frequently and in large quantities exposed to humans. This study explores a possible relationship between exposure to phthalates and the development of Alzheimer's pathophysiology, with emphasis on prenatal exposure and its influence on the risk of dementia in adulthood. Based on the literature consulted, mechanisms for the generation of oxidative stress in the nervous system by phthalates were described and it was proposed how this could be related to the triggering of Alzheimer's pathophysiology, primarily in view of the modification of the methylation pattern of mitochondrial DNA. In addition, it was observed that exposure to phthalates during intrauterine life is capable of generating changes in the epigenetic pattern at birth. An alternative for the early detection of mitochondrial metabolic dysfunctions, which could potentially evolve into dementia, could involve monitoring D-loop methylation levels. Therefore, we hypothesized that intrauterine exposure to phthalates may generate oxidative stress in the brain and alter the mtDNA methylation pattern, which can perturb mitochondrial function and increase risk of development of AD at adulthood. We suggest that these phthalate-induced metabolic changes may be detected by the D-loop methylation pattern at birth. We highlight the need for more research integrating the emerging fields of mitoepigenetics and bioenergetic medicine with neurodegenerative diseases, and an experimental design employing zebrafish as a model is suggested to test the hypotheses raised.

Ideas of education as basic guidelines for ensuring quality of life in modern conditions

In the modern world, education is of great importance, since it is the main source of social progress. Changing technologies in the socio-economic sphere directly affect the transformation of the education sector throughout the world. The presented article is theoretical in nature and is devotedto the scientific problem of the transformation of education in modern sociocultural conditions. The purpose of the research is to reveal the directions of transformation of education as basic guidelines for its quality in modern conditions. The research methods used are analysis, theoretical generalization, forecasting. The results of the research. The definition of “quality of education” has been revealed and the vectors of its development determined; the reasons that caused a serious transformation of the education sector in the world and in Russia have been argued. The drivers that determined the transformation of the educational institution at the present stage have been systematized. Key conclusions: the quality of education is understood as a characteristic of the education system, reflecting the degree of compliance of the actual achieved educational results with regulatory requirements, social and personal expectations; the reasons facilitating the transformation of the education sector at present are: growing globalization, general digitalization, robotization, etc.; The leading drivers determining the development of education include: external, industrial and internal ones.

Conceptual approaches to the development of scientific-cognitive tourism in St. Petersburg

Aims. To develop an effective program for the development of science-cognitive tourism in St. Petersburg, which will help to attract tourists and increase the level of people’s knowledge about science.Objectives. To analyze the current state of scientific-cognitive tourism; to identify the main problems and obstacles for the development of this type of tourism in St. Petersburg; to form conceptual approaches, key activities and projects to be included in the program of scientific[1]cognitive tourism development; to develop a system of indicators of scientific-cognitive tourism development in St. Petersburg.Methods. The methods of descriptive literature review and statistical data analysis were used in the research process. The research includes the study and analysis of scientific articles, reports of scientific conferences and other publications related to the topic of scientific-cognitive tourism in St. Petersburg. This allows to form the theoretical basis of the study, to identify the main approaches, concepts and directions of development of scientific-cognitive tourism and its impact on the socio-economic sphere of the city. The analysis of statistics is based on the official statistical data on tourism provided by the Committee for Tourism Development of St. Petersburg, as well as on the data of international and domestic travel agencies, operators. On the basis of their analysis the trends and indicators of scientific and cognitive tourism development in the city at the present stage are revealed, the factors affecting supply and demand in this sphere are determined. To achieve the goals set in the article the general scientific methods were applied: synthesis, comparison, generalization.Results. The authors proposed conceptual approaches, main activities and projects that are included in the program of development of scientific and cognitive tourism. The system of indicators of development of scientific-cognitive tourism in St. Petersburg is developed.Conclusions. The conceptual approaches are presented within the framework of measures for the development of scientific-cognitive tourism. A program for the development of scientific[1]cognitive tourism has been developed, including such measures as the creation of a department for the development of scientific-cognitive tourism in the Committee for Tourism Development of St. Petersburg, the organization and implementation of a set of measures for the formation of sightseeing tours for schoolchildren of 10-11th grades in all state universities of St. Petersburg on priority areas of science, the construction and implementation of training and retraining courses for tourism workers in order to increase expertise in scientific-cognitive tourism. The system of indicators is developed, which will reflect in dynamics the growth of infrastructure of scientific-cognitive tourism and in view of it the increase of tourist flow. Thus, it is proposed to systematically develop this type of tourism, using the proposed program, taking into account the existing challenges.

THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN THE CONTEXT OF A CIVILIZATIONAL SOCIETY

This article is devoted to the problem of civilizational society in the context of considering the socio-economic system. To date, there are a certain number of approaches to understanding this phenomenon. A classic example is the materialistic approach. Despite numerous attempts to criticize this approach, studying society through the prism of its socio-economic structure is largely possible due to the materialistic approach. The concept of K. Marx is considered and an analogy with modern realities is drawn. This approach has universal concepts and laws that can also be used in the analysis of all social systems. The article examines the conflicts of capital and labor, the place and role of the working class in the system of social relations, and also proves the importance of the proletariat class as the main driving force of modern society. The problems faced by the working class today are being studied. The types of socio-economic systems with individual criteria and the nature of property relations are considered. Goal. The article is devoted to the analysis of modern socio-economic systems within the framework of a civilizational society. The subject is the socio-economic system arising from the nature of public relations. The novelty lies in the fact that the working class is being studied in the context of modern scientific, technical and information breakthroughs, where competition for jobs increases with each new technology. The method or methodology of the work. The study is based on the teachings of K. Marx. Methods such as analysis, synthesis, comparative studies and historical and philosophical are also used. Results. The conducted research makes it possible to understand that despite the abundance of approaches to the concept of a civilizational society, the fundamental factor of studying remains its socio-economic sphere, as a result of public relations. The article reveals the Marxist approach, thanks to which it is possible to assess the position of the working class in modern civilizational society. Taking into account the growth of culture, the emergence of new technologies and the age of digitalization, the fundamental criterion for ensuring the vital activity of society was and remains – the worker. Different types of socio-economic systems and the methodology of the distribution of economic resources are given. The scope of the results. The results obtained can be used in the context of the implementation of state social policy, regulatory culture, as well as forecasting social and labor conflicts.

Evolving Urban Expansion Patterns and Multi-Scenario Simulation Analysis from a Composite Perspective of “Social–Economic–Ecological”: A Case Study of the Hilly and Gully Regions of Northern Loess Plateau in Shaanxi Province

Over recent decades, the hilly and gully regions of the northern Loess Plateau in Shaanxi province have grappled with severe soil erosion and a precarious ecological milieu. Shaped by urbanization policies, this locale has encountered a gamut of issues, including an imbalance in human–environment dynamics and the degradation of ecological integrity. Consequently, the comprehension of how urban expansion impacts the optimization of regional landscape configurations, the alignment of human–environment interactions in the Loess Plateau’s hilly and gully domains, and the mitigation of urban ecological challenges assumes paramount importance. Leveraging data from land use remote sensing monitoring, alongside inputs from natural geography and socio-economic spheres, and employing methodologies such as landscape pattern indices, we conduct an exhaustive analysis of Zichang City’s urban fabric from 1980 to 2020. Furthermore, employing the CLUE-S model, we undertake multifaceted scenario simulations to forecast urban expansion in Zichang City through to 2035. Our findings delineate two distinct phases in Zichang City’s urban expansion trajectory over the past four decades. From 1980 to 2000, urban construction land in Zichang City experienced a phase of methodical and steady growth, augmenting by 64.98 hectares, alongside a marginal decrease in the landscape shape index (LSI) by 0.02 and a commensurate increase in the aggregation index (AI) by 1.17. Conversely, from 2000 to 2020, urban construction land in Zichang City witnessed an epoch of rapid and haphazard expansion, doubling in expanse, marked by a notable escalation in LSI (2.45) and a corresponding descent in the AI (2.85). The precision of CLUE-S model simulations for Zichang City’s land use alterations registers at 0.88, fulfilling the exigent demand for further urban expansion and land use change prognostication. Under the aegis of the natural development scenario, the augmentation of urban construction land in Zichang City primarily encroaches upon grassland, farmland, and woodland, effectuating an increase of 159.81 hectares. Conversely, under the ambit of urbanization development, urban construction land contends predominantly with farmland, grassland, and woodland, heralding an augmentation of 520.42 hectares. Lastly, under the mantle of ecological protection, urban construction land expansion predominantly encroaches upon grassland, farmland, and woodland, resulting in an augmentation of 4.27 hectares. Through a nuanced analysis of the spatiotemporal evolution of urban expansion and scenario-based simulations, this study endeavors to furnish multi-faceted, scenario-driven, and policy-centric insights for regional planning, urban spatial delineation, and regional ecological safeguarding.

Проблемы регионального развития Кыргызстана в условиях новых вызовов

The current situation in the world reflects the peculiarities of the interaction between American democracy and surrounding countries. All global economy participants need to determine their own position regarding the events taking place in the world and the growing confrontation. Under these conditions, there is a serious drop in the socio-economic sphere of the Kyrgyz Republic, which determines the relevance of studying the topic. The article shows the conditions and trends of socio-economic development of the Kyrgyz Republic’s regions and the features of its socio-economic development for 2010–2023. The issues of uneven regional development are discussed, in particular, the problems of regional economic policy in the context of modern challenges such as the geopolitical situation and digitalization processes, as well as the peculiarities of the trade relations formation are identified. The aim is to identify the key problems of regional development in the Kyrgyz Republic. The author conducts research of statistical material and publications of domestic and foreign scientists using the methods of analysis, synthesis, and induction. The study proposes measures to stabilize the situation in the region and the direction of economic policy in the new conditions of world economy. The most important measure is effort to increase the investments attraction in key sectors of the economy. The prospects and opportunities of the Kyrgyz Republic Government in overcoming key regional problems are considered.

Dynamics of Social Exclusion in Urban Spheres in India

Urban inequality in India has increased with rising urban population. Urban poor particularly marginalised social groups face multidimensional exclusion in urban areas. The article attempts to engage and understand the multidimensional nature of social exclusion in urban spheres with the theoretical framework of the process of social exclusion. The article also highlights that marginalised social groups experience exclusion and discrimination in various socio-economic spheres. The article attempts to analyse impact of social exclusion on marginalised social groups. The social processes and interactions in urban areas are also determined by the social identities. The article examines the dynamics of multidimensional exclusion in urban spheres based on social identity. The article also suggests policies to make urban landscape more socially inclusive.