Serum SOD Research Articles

Ameliorate role of alpha lipoic acid on the beta amyloid accumulation and some serum oxidant / antioxidants levels in brain aging induced by d-gal in male rats

Alpha lipoic acid has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and is widely dispersed in cellular membranes and the cytoplasm. It is one of the most powerful antioxidants for cells. The current research looked at the possible therapeutic benefits of alpha lipoic acid) in a male rat model of D-galactose-induced brain aging. G1 normal as control group, G2 animals were given 200 mg/kg bw.IP. daily of D-gal group for 30 days, and G3 animals were given 100 mg/kg. G4 D-gal + alpha lipoic acid group200mg/kg bw.IP. daily with 100 mg/kg. IP every day for 30 days.The accumulation of Beta amyloid in the brain and changes in serum oxidant/antioxidant levels Increased levels of oxidative stress indicators our data demonstrate that the D-gal aging model causes an increase in brain Beta amyloid deposition, as well as a substantial rise in serum MDA, GSH, CAT, and SOD levels. To summarize, our research focused on the brain damage caused by D-gal, which can be mitigated by intubating 100 mg/kg B.W.IP. of ALA to counteract its negative effects.

Effects of chronic hypoxia on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and protein turnover of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Fluctuations of dissolved oxygen (DO) frequently lead to a hypoxic condition in aquaculture, and hypoxia exerts tremendously adverse effects on fish. The present study mainly investigated the effects of chronic hypoxia on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and protein turnover of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The fish were exposed to normoxic (86%–95% DO saturation), mild hypoxic (51%–60% DO saturation) and severe hypoxic (17%–26% DO saturation) conditions for 6 weeks, respectively. Results showed that chronic hypoxia significantly reduced the weight gain rate, specific growth rate and feed intake of largemouth bass. The activities of SOD and CAT in serum, as well as SOD and GPX in muscle, were significantly increased in the severely hypoxic condition. The histological analysis showed that the mean diameter of myofiber was significantly decreased during severe hypoxia. Additionally, the levels of gene and protein revealed that chronic severe hypoxia inhibited protein synthesis by downregulating the HIF-1α/REDD1/mTOR signal pathway and promoted protein degradation by activating the pathways of ubiquitin-proteasome, autophagy-lysosome and calcium proteasome. Overall, this study indicated that chronic hypoxia decreased the growth performance of largemouth bass. Meanwhile, chronic severe hypoxia not only enhanced antioxidant capacity, but also contributed to orient in the balance of protein turnover towards catabolism thus causing muscle atrophy. We suggested that for better growth of fish, the dissolved oxygen concentration should be maintained above 60% DO saturation in aquaculture.

Baicalin Inhibits Inflammation in Rats with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by the TLR2/MYD88/NF-κBp65 Signaling Pathway.

Objective Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with a relatively high morbidity and death rate. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of baicalin (BA) on inflammation in COPD rats and its possible mechanism. Methods The experimental COPD of SD rats were induced by LPS, smoking, and cold stimulation, and they were randomly divided into the control group, COPD group, COPD + LB group, COPD + MB group, and COPD + HB group. The test of pulmonary function and the HE staining were carried out in COPD rats. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-8, as well as GSH, SOD, and MDA in serum, were detected by ELISA. The levels of TLR2, MYD88, TNF-α, and IL-1β mRNA in BALF were detected by qPCR. The expression of TLR2/MYD88/NF-κBp65 pathway-related proteins was also detected by the Western blot and immunohistochemistry assays. Results Compared to the COPD model group, BA treatment significantly improved the pulmonary function and pathologic changes, reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-8, and MDA, and increased the levels of IL-10, SOD, and GSH in COPD rats. In addition, BA could also decrease the protein levels of MYD88, p–NF–κBp65/NF-κBp65, TLR2, and TLR4 but increase the protein level of p-IκBa/IκB in lung tissue of COPD rats. Conclusion BA ameliorated inflammatory response and oxidative stress in COPD rats by regulating the TLR2/MYD88/NF-κBp65 signaling pathway.

Immune enhancement effects of inactivated vaccine against extracellular products of Aeromonas caviae AC-CY on crucian carp

Aeromonas caviae is a zoonotic pathogen that can cause disease in aquatic organisms and mammals, including humans, and it is widespread in nature, especially in freshwater environments. Previous research has reported that extracellular products (ECPs) secreted by pathogens during growth are effective protective antigens that can induce the host immune response and protect the host from pathogens. However, little is known about how ECPs enhance immunity. Here, we prepared extracellular products by the cellophane plate method, determined the total protein concentration, and analysed the protein composition of the extracellular products by SDS–PAGE. Subsequently, their enzyme activity and pathogenicity were evaluated separately. Crucian carp were randomly divided into four groups to receive formalin-inactivated A. caviae vaccine (FKC), ECPs mixed with the same amount of Freund's complete adjuvant, the same amount of ECPs mixed with an equal volume of A. caviae inactivated vaccine (FKC + ECPs), sterile PBS alone via intraperitoneal injection. On Days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after immunization, the expression levels of IgM, SOD, and CAT and the lysozyme (LYS) activity in the serum were detected by ELISA, and the relative expression levels of the TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-10 genes in the liver, kidney, spleen, intestine, and gills were measured by qPCR. The extracellular products generated five clearly visible protein bands and exhibited lipase, protease, amylase, DNase and lysozyme but no urease or lecithinase activities. In addition, the median lethal doses of A. caviae and ECPs to crucian carp were 411.64 μg/fish and 1.6 × 105 CFU/mL, respectively. Compared with those of the control group, the IgM, SOD, and CAT contents and serum LYS activity were significantly increased in the experimental groups, and the qRT–PCR results showed that the relative expression levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-10 genes in the liver, kidney, spleen, and intestine were significantly increased after injection immunization. In addition, the relative immune protection rates of the three experimental groups were 60%, 65%, and 45%, all of which were significantly higher than those of the control group. Collectively, our findings show that the extracellular products of A. caviae can be used as a vaccine to significantly improve the immune level of crucian carp and have obvious anti-infection ability. This may represent a promising approach to prevent and control infection by A. caviae and provides strong theoretical support for the development of new inactivated vaccines.

Network pharmacology, molecular docking and in vivo and in vitro experiments to explore the molecular mechanism of licorice green tea beverage to scavenge oxygen free radicals.

Excessive oxygen free radicals can lead to aging, cancer, and other diseases. Therefore, searching for effective antioxidants to scavenge oxygen free radicals has become the focus of modern medicine. In this study, the molecular mechanism of Licorice Green Tea Beverage (LGTB) in scavenging oxygen free radicals was investigated by means of network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental verification. Network pharmacology studies have shown that paeonol, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde, swertisin, rutin, glycyrrhetinic acid, oleic, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside and quercetin, kaferempol were the main active components of LGTB, and SOD and CAT are important targets for LGTB in scavenging oxygen free radicals. The results of molecular docking showed that these representative compounds had good affinity to SOD and CAT target proteins. In vitro free radical scavenging experiments showed that LTGB had significant scavenging effects on both DPPH and ABTS radicals, and had strong total reducing power. In vitro cell experiments showed that LGTB could protect HaCaT cells from oxidative stress induced by H2 O2 . The mechanism of LGTB was related to the increase of SOD and CAT activity. Western blotting showed that LGTB could inhibit PI3K/AKT/HIF-1 signaling pathway and improve the antioxidant capacity of HaCaT cells. In vivo experiments showed that LGTB could significantly increase mouse visceral index, increase serum SOD and GSH-Px activity, decrease the content of MDA, and improve liver and kidney pathological state. This study reported the molecular mechanism of LTGB scavenging oxygen free radicals, which provided scientific basis for the treatment and clinical research of aging and other diseases caused by excessive free radicals. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Free radicals are produced by the normal response of cells during aerobic respiration and perform various functions, such as signaling and providing protection against infection. However, excessive free radicals can lead to aging, cancer, and other diseases. The antioxidant can overcome the harm caused by excessive free radicals. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of scavenging oxygen free radicals of Licorice Green Tea Beverage (LGTB) through network pharmacology and molecular docking, and its efficacy was verified by free radical scavenging experiment in vitro, HaCaT cell oxidative stress injury induced by H2 O2 , D-galactose to establish an aging model in mice and Western blotting experiment. It not only elucidates its mechanism at the system level, but also proves its validity at the biological level. It provides the theoretical basis and experimental evidence for the follow-up research and promotion of the product.

Role of Cav1.2 in cisplatin induced apoptosis of cochlear spiral ganglion neurons in C57BL/6J mice

Objective: To investigate the role of Cav1.2 and its possible mechanism in the apoptosis of cochlear spiral ganglion neurons(SGNs) induced by cisplatin (CDDP) in C57BL/6J mice. Methods: Animal experiment: 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the following two groups (10 mice/group) : normal saline group (Control group) and Cisplatin group (Cisplatin group). The Control group received daily intraperitoneal injections of normal saline, Cisplatin group was injected with cisplatin intraperitoneally at a dose of 3 mg/kg at the first 4 days of each cycle, and normal saline was injected daily at the last 10 days,repeat for 3 cycles. After administration, auditory threshold was detected by auditory brainstem response (ABR). Blood samples were collected from inner canthus of mice, and cochlea was cut off from neck. SOD and MDA kits were used to detect SOD activity and MDA content in serum and cochlea tissues. The expressions of apoptosis proteins in cochlear tissues were detected by Western blot. Morphological changes of spiral ganglion in mouse cochlea were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. TUNEL staining was used to observe the apoptosis of SGNs in cochlea of mice. The distribution and expression of Cav1.2 in SGNs of cochlea were observed by immunofluorescence. Cell experiment: Primary cultured SGNs were randomly divided into: control group (Control), solvent group (DMSO), Cav1.2 blocker group (N), cisplatin group, cisplatin and Cav1.2 blocker co-incubation group (Cisplatin+N). 5 μmol/L cisplatin was selected to treat SGNs based on the results of CCK8. Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of Cav1.2.and apoptotic proteins. Hoechst33342 staining was used to observe the apoptosis of each group. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate of each group. Mitochondrial superoxide indicator (MitoSOXTM-Red) was used to detect the ROS release of mitochondria. Results: Animal experiments: Compared to the Control group, the hearing threshold was increased in Cisplatin group (P<0.01), the content of MDA in serum and cochlea tissues, apoptosis protein Cleaved caspase-3, Bax protein level, TUNEL positive rate, Cav1.2 protein expression level were increased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01); the activity of SOD in serum and cochlear tissue, anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2 protein level and SGCs density in cochlear tissue were decreased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01). Cell tests: Compared with the Control group, the expression of Cav1.2, apoptosis rate, Cleaved caspase-3, Bax protein level, intracellular calcium ion concentration, and ROS release were increased significantly only in Cisplatin group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The levels of bcl-2 protein and mitochondrial membrane potential were decreased significantly (P<0.01). Cav1.2 blockers could partially reverse the above changes (P<0.05). Conclusion: Cisplatin may increase intracellular Ca2+ concentration through up-regulation of Cav1.2, and then damage mitochondria, causing oxidative stress injury of SGNs and inducing neuronal apoptosis.

Taro (Colocasia Esculenta (L.) Schott) Extract didn’t Increase Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) but Decrease C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in Male Wistar Rat (Rattus Norvegicus) Diabetes Mellitus Model

Backgrounds: In hyperglycemia induced by streptozotocin, free radicals and oxidative stress conditions occur. This also reduced SOD enzymes while increasing CRP. This study aimed to analyze effect of flavonoid-rich taro leaves ethanol extract on SOD levels and serum CRP levels in rats diabetes melitus model induced by streptozotocin. Methods: Experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design 26 healthy rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. The control group was given 2 ml aquadest and treatment group was given 400mg/kgBW ethanol extract of taro leaves in 2 ml aquadest. Before and after treatment, blood serum was collected for SOD and CRP analysis using the ELISA technique. Results: SOD level in control goup before and after given plasebo were reduce insignificantly (from 5.37?0.69 ng/ml to 5.26?1.50 ng/ml ;p = 0.830). Furthermore, CRP level in control group before and after given plasebo were not signifcantly different (from 3.39?0.24 ng/ml to 3.56 ?0.43 ng/ml ; p = 0.308). SOD level in treatment group before and after given taro extract were increase but not significant (from 5.33 ?1.14 ng/ml to 6.20 ?2.64 ng/mL; p = 0.239). However, CRP level in control group after given plasebo decrease significantly (from 3.56 ? 0.43 ng/mL to 2.93 ? 0.47 nmol/mL ; p = 0.009).Conclusion: ethanol extract of taro leaves did not increase SOD levels but decrease CRP levels in rats model diabetes melitus induced by streptozotocin. Further studies are needed to confirm extract of taro leaves as external antioxidant.

Role of silymarin on the some serum sex hormones and oxidant\ antioxidant parameters in during Lactation period on female rats

Objective: To see how dosage of Silymarin effect on some serum prolactin ,estrogen and progesterone and some oxidant\ antioxidant in serum samples of female experimental rats throughout nursing. Methods: Twenty-four adult healthy, pregnant rats were divided into two groups (12rats/group) and treated as follows for ten days. G 1 were intubated orally distal water serving as control while, G 2 were intubated orally Silymarin (200 mg\kg\day), the following criteria were measured serum prolactin, estrogen, progesterone hormones, GSH, MDA, SOD and CAT. Results: The findings show that Silymarin had a significant increase influence in serum prolactin, estrogen hormone, SOD, CAT, MDA and a significant decrease in Progesterone and GSH. Conclusion: The focus of this study mention a new evidence of the role of Silymarin on the increasing prolactin, estrogen &amp; progesterone hormones hormone and effect on some level of oxidant\ antioxidant.

Role of oxidative stress and severity of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes

The study included 60 diabetic patients (30 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and 30 patients with T2DM not complicated with DR). The study also included 30 healthy control individuals defended as subjects who apparently haven’t any chronic diseases. Fundus examination was carried out by an expert ophthalmologist. The study showed that the highest mean of serum MDA was recorded (P&lt;0.05) in DR patients (55.96 ng/ml) and DM patients (37.86 ng/ml), the lowest (P&lt;0.05) was in the control group gave an MDA (16.94 ng/ml). also demonstrated that there was the lowest mean of serum SOD was recorded (P&lt;0.05) in DR patients (10.056 IU/ml) and the highest was (P&lt;0.05) in the control group gave a SOD (42.865 IU/ml) While it also recorded a significant decrease (P&lt;0.05) for DM patients (12.64 IU/ml). Additionally, the level of serum GSH was reduced significantly (P&lt;0.05) in DR patients (1.100 ug/mL) as compared with the control group (14.745 ug/mL), which also showed that serum GSH was reduced significantly(P&lt;0.05) in DM patients (2.766 ug/mL). Furthermore, the level of serum zinc was reduced significantly (P&lt;0.05) in DR patients (33.6 ug/dL) as compared with the control group (98.5 ug/dL).

Antioxidant effect of Lactobacillus fermentum HFY02-fermented soy milk on D-galactose-induced aging mouse model

This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant effect of soybean milk fermented by a new type of Lactobacillus fermentum (LF-HFY02) by using D-galactose induced aging mice model. Firstly, the optimal fermentation conditions was screened out by detecting the effects of different fermentation temperature and time on the active components and antioxidant activity of soybean milk in vitro. And then unfermented soybean milk and the soybean milk fermented by different Lactobacillus was given by gavage to D-galactose-induced aging mouse. The activities of GSH, GSH-Px, SOD, CAT and T-AOC in serum, brain and liver of soybean milk fermented by LF-HFY02 were significantly increased, while the content of MDA and the level of AGEs in hippocampal were significantly decreased compared with D-galactose induced group. Further more, the mRNA expression of GSH and SOD in mouse liver were obviously up-regulated by soybean milk fermented by LF-HFY02. The skin tissue structure of mice in the LF-HFY02 fermented soybean milk group was more complete, the collagen fibers were increased and arranged orderly and liver inflammation has improved compared with the model group. And Western blot analysis showed that LF-HFY02 effectively upregulated EGFR, SOD and GSH protein expression in mouse liver. These findings suggest that LF-HFY02 can effectively prevent D-galactose-induced oxidation and aging in mice, and the effect was even better than that of the Lactobacillus delbruechii subsp. bulgaricus and vitamin C. Thus, LF-HFY02 may be potentially employed as a probiotic strain. In conclusion, soybean milk fermented by LF-HFY02 can increase the content of antioxidant factors and the activity of antioxidant enzymes by regulating gene and protein expression, and finally inhibit the process of tissue cell peroxidation, and improve the oxidative damage of mouse skin and liver. The results could provide a basis for the research and development and industrial production of probiotic-related fermented soybean milk products.

Dietary vitamin A requirements of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum, 1792) post-smolts

A ten-week feeding trail was conducted to determine the dietary vitamin A (VA) requirement of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum, 1792) post-smolts by formulating seven experimental diets containing graded VA levels of 367, 1060, 1823, 3482, 6715, 9984 and 22,935 IU/kg, respectively. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish with the initial mean body weight of 185.86 ± 1.14 g. Stocked as groups of 10 individuals per cage (water volume 1000-L), fish were fed three times daily. After the feeding trail, the orthogonal polynomial contrasts showed that the specific growth rate (SGR) was linearly, quadratically and cubically increased with increasing dietary VA levels (P < .05). No significant differences were observed for hepatosomatic index (HSI), intestosomatic index (ISI), condition factor (CF) and muscle composition among dietary groups (P > .05). The muscle moisture, ash and crude protein were not significantly affected (P > .05), whereas the crude lipid was cubically affected (P < .05) by graded dietary VA levels. Serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity and albumin (ALB) content were linearly, quadratically and cubically increased, whereas the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were linearly, quadratically and cubically decreased with increasing dietary VA levels (P < .05). The increasing VA levels led to significantly linear, quadratic and cubic increase of hepatic SOD, CAT activities and serum SOD activity, and quadratic and cubic increase of serum T-AOC activity (P < .05). Increasing dietary VA levels quadratically and cubically decreased the hepatic MDA content (P < .05). The cubic regression analysis based on SGR indicated that the optimal dietary VA requirement was estimated to be 6422 IU/kg for coho salmon post-smolts.

Probiotic-fermented blueberry pomace alleviates obesity and hyperlipidemia in high-fat diet C57BL/6J mice

This study investigated the effect of FBP (fermented blueberry pomace by the mixture of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus plantarum-1) on hyperlipidemia in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced C57BL/6J obese mice. The results indicated that FBP significantly reduced the weight gain, liver and fat indexes, and hyperlipidemia of HFD mice. Serum TC, TG, and LDL-C in HFD mice were significantly decreased through supplementation with FBP, and serum SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, and T-AOC in H-FBP group were increased by 28.25%, 26.84%, 23.30%, and 19.79%, respectively. Furthermore, FBP reduced the activity of ALT, AST, and LPS; down-regulated the expression of inflammation-related cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6); and improved lipid metabolism by up-regulating PPAR-α and down-regulating SREBP-1 and FAS. Thus, FBP alleviated obesity, liver injury, and inflammation caused by a HFD by increasing antioxidant capacity and reducing leptin production, indicating that FBP is a nutrient-rich beverage with the potential to relieve obesity. Generally, this study highlightsed a new use of blueberry pomace.

Regulatory effects and anti‐inflammatory activity of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague seeds extract on alleviation of kidney injury in diabetic rats

Diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of renal tissue damage and complications of diabetes. In this in-vitro experimental study, diabetes was induced by a single injection of Streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) in rats. STZ-diabetic rats were treated with oral doses of methanolic extract T. ammi seeds (300–400 mg/kg). After 8 weeks, serum levels of glucose, creatinine, urea, SOD, and MDA in the blood serum and protein levels in urine were measured. Also, changes in the expression of IL-18 and TNF-α genes in the renal tissue were examined. The results of this study showed that T. ammi seeds have anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemia effects. It can also increase SOD, decrease MDA, and inhibit IL-18 and TNF-α expression. T. ammi methanolic extract reduced blood glucose, oxidative stress, renal function biomarkers, and inflammatory cytokines caused by STZ in mice. Because of this, it could be used as a new treatment for diabetic nephropathy. Novelty impact statement The effect of T. ammi seed extract on rats with nephropathy was investigated. The real-time PCR technique was used to measure the expression of the genes IL-18 and TNF-a, while the ELISA technique was used to measure the level of MDA and SOD serum. T. ammi is a medicinal plant with anti-inflammatory and anti-nephropathy effects.

Baicalein ameliorates oxidative stress and brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway via miR-106a-5p/PHLPP2 axis

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating stroke subtype. Baicalein (BAI) has been reported to be effective in ischemic stroke. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of BAI on brain injury after ICH. Firstly, ICH mouse models were established by injecting collagenase into the right of basal ganglia, followed by detection of neurobehavioral scores, brain edema, oxidative stress (OS) level, neuronal apoptosis and pathological changes. Average neurologic scores, brain water content, and blood–brain barrier permeability and MDA level in ICH mice were reduced after BAI treatment, while serum SOD and GSH-Px levels were increased and neuronal apoptosis and pathological injury of the brain tissues were mitigated. miR-106a-5p downregulation averted the effect of BAI on ICH mice. miR-106a-5p targeted PHLPP2 and PHLPP2 overexpression reversed the effect of BAI on ICH mice. BAI activated the Nrf2/ARE pathway by inhibiting PHLPP2 expression. In conclusion, BAI inhibited OS and protected against brain injury after ICH by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway through the miR-106a-5p/PHLPP2 axis.

Anti-Diabetic Activity of Polysaccharides from Auricularia cornea var. Li.

Auricularia cornea var. Li. polysaccharide (ACP) has many important biological activities and has potential application value in food engineering, pharmaceutical science, and health care. The results were as follows: the extraction rate of ACP was 28.18% ± 1.41% and the purity of ACP was 86.92% ± 2.80%. ACP contains mannitol 32.41%, glucuronic acid 6.96%, rhamnose 0.32%, glucose 42.35%, galactose 0.77%, xylose 16.83%, and fucose 0.36%, without galacturonic acid and arabinose. In addition, the results of an animal test of diabetes mellitus II (DM II) with ACP showed that the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and fasting blood glucose and water in the serum of mice with ACP were significantly lower than those in the model group; the serum SOD, hepatic glycogen, and insulin of mice added with ACP were significantly higher than those in the model group. More importantly, ACP had no significant adverse effects on organ index and liver and kidney tissue morphology in mice. These results suggest that ACP can be used as a potential functional food component for the prevention or treatment of diabetes.

Physiological challenging of stress in rats with zeaxanthin

his study was to rule whether the carotenoid zeaxanthin can withstand against the stress caused by hydrogen peroxide in rats. Three groups of twelve adult male Wistar rats were depended. The results hinted that zeaxanthin could significantly lower the elevated lipids LDL, TC, TAG, and VLDL caused by H2O2 and to elevate the HDL level. Besides, H2O2 caused a significant elevation in the serum anti-oxidant enzymes GPx, SOD, and CAT beside the stress marker MDA and when zeaxanthin was offered as a concomitant with H2O2, it caused a significant declination in these parameters.

Long-Term Feeding with Curcumin Affects the Growth, Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Status, Tissue Histoarchitecture, Immune Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines, and Apoptosis Indicators in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus.

The impact of dietary curcumin (CUR) on the growth, antioxidant activity, histomorphology of certain organs, proinflammatory cytokine production, and immune status of Oreochromis niloticus was evaluated. The fingerlings (n = 225, 41.60 ± 0.09 g/fish) were randomly allotted into five experimental groups in triplicate. Fish were fed basal diets complemented with 0, 200, 400, 600, or 800 mg curcumin/kg diet (CUR0, CUR200, CUR400, CUR600, and CUR800, respectively) for 10 weeks. An increase in fish growth was reported in the CUR200 and CUR400 groups. The feed conversion ratio was enhanced by 15% in the CUR400 group. Fish body protein content was increased in the CUR600 group (p ≤ 0.01). Body fat was decreased, and ash content was increased by CUR supplementation in a level-related way (p < 0.05). The villus height was increased in the CUR400 and CUR600 groups. The villus width was increased by CUR supplementation, with the best result found in the CUR600 group. The liver of CUR-fed fish displayed comparatively normal hepatocytes. TNF-α and caspase-3 were significantly upregulated by dietary CUR in a level-related way. The serum catalase activity and GSH level were increased in CUR200 and CUR400 groups. Curcumin supplementation boosted the serum SOD activity and reduced the MDA level. IL10 and IgM levels were increased in the CUR200 and CUR400 groups. Lysozyme activity was increased in the CUR200–400 groups. Serum complement 3 level was increased in the CUR400 group. The percentage survival of O. niloticus challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila was highest in the CUR200-CUR600 groups (100%) and decreased in the CUR800 group (80%). This study concluded that CUR could be added to Nile tilapia diets up to 400 mg·kg−1 to achieve better growth, antioxidant capacity, immune response, and intestinal histology. Long feeding periods on high levels of CUR (600 and 800 mg·kg−1) stimulate inflammatory reactions in fish tissues.

Serum superoxide dismutase level is a potential biomarker of disease prognosis in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by the Hantaan virus

BackgroundHemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a disease with increased systemic inflammation and a high fatality rate. Oxidative stress is crucial for inflammation in the pathogeneses of various diseases. We aimed to identify biomarkers of oxidative stress that may assess the severity and disease outcomes of patients with HFRS.MethodsBetween January 2015 and September 2018, we analyzed a retrospective cohort of 149 HFRS patients and 30 healthy individuals. Serum levels of SOD were measured using an ELISA commercial kit, and survival analysis was carried out using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsPatients with HFRS had significantly lower serum SOD levels compared with healthy controls (108.40 ± 2.47 U/mL vs 164.23 ± 3.82 U/mL, P < 0.01). SOD levels in patients were lower at acute than at convalescent stage (108.40 ± 2.47 U/mL vs 138.27 ± 2.87 U/mL, P < 0.01), and in severe and critical patients than in moderate and mild patients (89.63 ± 2.38 U/mL vs 122.53 ± 3.18 U/mL, P < 0.01). A serum level of SOD < 88.6 U/mL at admission was associated with a significant increase in mortality risk in HFRS patients.ConclusionOur results indicate that serum levels of SOD measured at admission can be used to assess disease severity and assign patients into high- and low-risk groups. SOD can be considered a novel biomarker of severity and outcomes in patients with HFRS.

Anti-Oxidative Effect of Pu-erh Tea in Animals Trails: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This study adopted systematic literature review and meta-analysis methodology to explored anti-oxidative effect of pu-erh tea. Study authors have systemically searched seven databases up until 21 February 2020. In performing the literature search on the above-mentioned databases, the authors used keywords of pu-erh AND (superoxide dismutase OR glutathione peroxidase OR malondialdehyde). Results derived from meta-analyses showed statistically significant effects of pu-erh tea on reducing serum MDA levels (SMD, −4.19; 95% CI, −5.22 to −3.15; p < 0.001; I2 = 93.67%); increasing serum SOD levels (SMD, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.61 to 3.20; p < 0.001; I2 = 91.36%); and increasing serum GSH-Px levels (SMD, 4.23; 95% CI, 3.10 to 5.36; p < 0.001; I2 = 93.69%). Results from systematic review and meta-analyses validated that various ingredients found in pu-erh tea extracts had anti-oxidation effects, a long-held conventional wisdom with limited supporting evidence.

Molybdenum fertilizer improved antioxidant capacity of Chinese Merino sheep under compound contamination.

To investigate the response of different levels of molybdenum (Mo) fertilizer to Chinese Merino sheep (Junken Type) grazing on natural heavy metal-contaminated meadows, this study was carried out in the Bayanbulak Grassland lying in the northwest of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. A total of 24-hm2 polluted meadows were fenced and were randomly divided into four groups (3 replication/group and 2 hm2/replication) applied 0-kg Mo, 1-kg Mo, 2-kg Mo, and 3-kg Mo (ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate) per hectare for the CON group, group I, group II, and group III, respectively. Seventy-two healthy 1-year-old Chinese Merino sheep (45.56 ± 2.35 kg) were randomly assigned to the tested pastures for 90 days. Compared with the CON group, the Mo content from fertilized groups and the Se content from group II and group III in serums and livers were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the Cu content from fertilized groups in serums and livers was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The levels of blood Hb and RBC, and the activities of serum SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and Cp in group III, were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in the CON group, group I, and group II. Serum MDA content in group III was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that in the other three groups. In summary, Mo fertilization improved the antioxidant capacity of grazing sheep and also reduced the toxic damage to Chinese Merino sheep grazing on natural grasslands contaminated by heavy metals, but Mo poisoning caused by excessive fertilization should be prevented.