Serum SOD Research Articles

Repair effect of neurotrophic factor III (NT-3) on rats with spinal injury model and its mechanism.

The present study aimed to study the repair effect of neurotrophic factor III (NT-3) on spinal injury model rats and its mechanism. Wistar rats with spinal injury were established by accelerated compression stroke after the operation and divided into control group, model group, and NT-3 intervention group. The motor function of rats in each group was evaluated at different postoperative time points (3, 7, 14 d). HE staining was used to detect the changes in tissue structure and morphology of the injured spinal column in each group. The changes of SOD, MDA and GSH in serum of rats were detected. The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blot was used to detect the expression changes of anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic protein (Bax) in injured spinal tissue of rats in each group. Compared with model group, motor function score of NT-3 intervention group increased gradually, and had statistical significance at 7 and 14 days (5.29±1.62 vs 9.33±2.16, 5.92±1.44 vs 14.56±2.45, T =7.386, 9.294, P =0.004, 0.000). The levels of SOD and GSH in serum of NT-3 intervention group were significantly increased (t=9.117, 12.207, P=0.000, 0.000), while the level of MDA was significantly decreased (t=5.089, P=0.011). Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α in NT-3 intervention group were significantly decreased (T =6.157, 7.958, 6.339, 6.288, P=0.008, 0.005, 0.005, 0.007). In the NT-3 treatment group, Bax protein was significantly decreased (0.24±0.05 vs 0.89±0.12, T =8.579, P=0.001), and the relative expression of Bcl-2 protein was significantly increased (0.75±0.06 vs 0.13±0.05, T =9.367, P=0.001). Neurotrophic factor III can promote spinal injury repair in spinal injury model rats, and play a role by enhancing antioxidant stress ability, inhibiting inflammatory factors, promoting Bcl-2 and decreasing Bax expression.

Protective Effect of Curcuminoids Consumption on Cadmium-Induced Testicular Injury in Albino Rats

This study evaluated the protective effects of curcuminoids against cadmium-induced testicular injury in Albino rats. Male albino rats were divided into nine groups, group 1 (control), groups 2-4 received 120 mg/kg, 240 mg/kg, and 360 mg/kg curcuminoids daily for 28 days without testicular injury. Group 5 received 20 mg/kg cadmium chloride (CdCl2) solution every other day for 28 days (positive control), while group 6 received 20mg/kg CdCl2 + 240 mg/kg curcuminoids every other day for 28 days. Group 7 received 20mg/kg CdCl2 every other day for 28 days, then treated with 240 mg/kg for 14 days. Group 8 received 20 mg/kg CdCl2 solution every other day for 28 days, then treated with 240 mg curcuminoids for 28 days. Group 9 received 20 mg/kg CdCl2 solution every other day for 28 days and left to recover 28 days. Serum and seminal plasma malondialdehyde, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were assayed using Spectrophotometry technique. Semen analysis was determined microscopically. Sperm motility and count were significantly reduced, acrosome defect and percent abnormal sperm morphology were increased among the positive control group when compared with negative control group (p<0.05). Serum GPX, GSH, and SOD, semen GPx , GSH and SOD were significantly reduced (p<0.001), while MDA was significantly increased (p<0.001) in CdCl2 administered rats than negative control. The supplementation of Curcumins resulted in the improvement of sperm quality indices in a dose-dependent manner. Curcumin supplementation may significantly reverse the adverse effects of cadmium chloride testicular injury.

In vivo toxicological assessment of silver nanoparticle in edible fish, Oreochromis mossambicus.

Silver nanoparticles are the extensively utilized among all nanoparticles due to their antibacterial and wound healing properties making them highly suitable for medical and pharmaceutical applications. The field of nanoparticle toxicity is an emerging field and the present study aims to assess the biochemical, hematological and genotoxicity in Oreochromis mossambicus exposed to different concentrations of silver nanoparticles for 7 and 14days. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reduction of silver nitrate using trisodium citrate and was characterized using X-ray diffraction, SEM, HRTEM and DLS. Hematological parameters like RBC, WBC, Hb, HCT and MCV and for biochemical analysis, antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GPX and serum enzymes AST, ALT, ACP, ALP and LDH were analyzed. Genotoxicity was studied using comet assay. Results obtained showed decrease in erythrocytes, HCT, Hb and MCV while an increase was noted in WBC on day 7 and 14. The antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GPx showed a decrease and the lipid peroxidation product MDA was elevated. The serum enzymes AST, ALT, ACP ALP and LDH showed an increased activity when compared to control. DNA damage was evident by an increase in % TDNA. The results indicate hematological, biochemical and genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles that might be mediated through ROS generation in O. mossambicus.

Preparation and characterization of white shrimp hydrolysate-xylooligosaccharide Maillard products and their in vivo promotive effects of zinc absorption in mice.

The Maillard reaction products, as a kind of glycosylation-based reaction, possess the metal-chelating ability. In this study, the white shrimp hydrolysate (WH) and xylooligosaccharides (XOS) were used to prepare the Maillard reaction product-zinc complex (WH-XOS-MR-Zn) with zinc ions. The Maillard reaction conditions, such as pH level, temperature, reaction time, and the ratio of XOS to WH, were selected by testing the products' zinc-chelating capacity, while the optimized conditions (zinc-chelating capacity = 64.8%, pH = 7, 110 °C, 180 min, XOS : WH = 2) were finally determined. The interactions between WH-XOS-MR and zinc were confirmed and characterized by various kinds of techniques and triggered new peaks of fluorescent signals. The addition of zinc in WH-XOS-MR induced the proportion changes of secondary structures, including the decrease of β-sheets (8.16%) and the increase of β-turns (5.9%) and random coils (2.23%). The addition of zinc changed the morphological surface appearance of WH-XOS-MR and the crystal signal was completely covered in the WH-XOS-MR-Zn complex involved in the chelation with carbonyl and amino groups. The high-dose and medium-dose of the WH-XOS-MR-Zn complex showed higher promotive effects on zinc absorption (11.89 and 11.05 umol L-1, respectively) and medium-dose recovered values of AKP (liver and serum: 7.15 and 12.53 U mL-1), SOD (liver, kidney and serum: 59.84, 7.86 and 13.61 U mL-1) and GSH-Px (203.22 U per mgprot), damage to testicular tissues, damage to the intact neuron cells in the hippocampus region (CA1: 54 to 61, CA3: 67 to 136, DG: 219-353), and intestinal inflammation compared with the zinc-deficient mice. These findings showed therapeutic benefits of Maillard products on intestinal health and cellular structures.

Effect Of Glutamine on Growth Performance, Biochemical Parameters and Diseases Resistance in Cultured Nile Tilapia Fish

The current investigation was done to examine the impact of some amino acids as glutamine with different concentrations on growth performance, biochemical parameters and resistance to bacterial infection as Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile tilapia. Total number used in our study were two-hundred and eighty O.niloticus fish (100 diseased fish for Aeromonas hydrophila isolation and 180 apparently healthy fish for experimental design). 180 fish were divided into four groups, 45 fish / group. The control group was feeding a baseline diet without additives and the treated groups were feeding a diet containing glutamine of 1, 1.5, or 2% for groups 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Fish from the treated and control groups received intraperitoneal (IP) injections of 0.2 ml suspension of A. hydrophila after the feeding trial has concluded. Results of our investigation showed a total of 14 A. hydrophila strains were recovered from 100 samples of diseased fish with a percentage of 14%. Through the use of, cultural, morphological, biochemical characteristics and PCR technique, the isolates were identified. According to the results of the PCR examination all 7 examined isolates were positive for the Aeromonas hydrophila specific gene (16S rRNA) and act gene and 5 isolates were positive for aerolysin gene but the 7 examined strains were negative for ast gene. Also our study showed a significant differences with control and higher growth performance for groups fed on diet containing glutamine 1.5% and 2% concentrations and also showed that diet containing 2% Glutamine augmented Hb%, RBCs, and MCV% and increased serum SOD, CAT, GPx, and bactericidal activities in addition to elevation in the levels of total protein than the other Glutamine inclusion levels (1% or 1.5%). Also the mortality rate and re-isolation rate decreased in groups fed on diet containing glutamine 1.5% and 2% concentrations than the other groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with glutamine at a concentration of 2% enhanced the growth performance, improve biochemical parameters and the resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection.

Metformin exerts anti-liver fibrosis effect based on the regulation of gut microbiota homeostasis and multi-target synergy

Liver fibrosis can progress to cirrhosis if left untreated. Therefore, identifying effective antifibrotic drugs is crucial. This study aimed to investigate the role and potential mechanism of metformin in treating hepatic fibrosis based on the synergistic effect of multiple targets and the “intestine-liver axis” theory. A CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mouse model was established. We measured liver function, liver fibrosis indicators, oxidative stress and inflammation indices. Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining were used to detect collagen deposition. The expression of apoptotic proteins, TGF-β/Smads and TIMP-1/MMPs was assessed. 16S rRNA and untargeted metabolomics (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) were used to assess mouse intestinal flora and metabolites, performing a comprehensive correlation analysis. Metformin improved the general status and liver function and decreased liver collagen deposition in CCl4-induced liver fibrotic mice. Compared with the control group, IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2 serum levels in the liver fibrosis group increased. Although not significantly different, the serum inflammatory marker levels in the metformin group were lower than those in the model group. Metformin decreased serum MDA and increased serum SOD activity, which increased and decreased, respectively, in the model group. Furthermore, metformin inhibited liver cell apoptosis, TGF-β1 expression and TIMP-1, while promoting Smad7 expression, MMP-1 and MMP-2 in fibrotic mice. 16S rRNA analysis indicated that metformin significantly ameliorated the Bacteroides, Helicobacter, Parabacteroides and Parasutterella imbalance. We identified 385 differential metabolites between the metformin and model groups. Prevotella abundance significantly decreased in the metformin group and positively correlated with decreased taurocholic acid levels. Metformin potentially reverses liver fibrosis by inhibiting inflammation, mitigating oxidative stress damage and suppressing hepatocyte apoptosis via intestinal flora metabolite regulation. Metformin also regulates the TGF-β/Smads and TIMP-1/MMPs signalling pathways. This study provides a theoretical basis for the clinical use of metformin in patients with liver fibrosis.

Integrated Network Pharmacology and in vivo Experimental Validation Approach to Explore the Potential Antioxidant Effects of Annao Pingchong Decoction in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Rats.

Annao Pingchong decoction (ANPCD) is a traditional Chinese decoction which has definite effects on treating intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) validated through clinical and experimental studies. However, the impact of ANPCD on oxidative stress (OS) after ICH remains unclear and is worth further investigating. To investigate whether the therapeutic effects of ANPCD on ICH are related to alleviating OS damage and seek potential targets for its antioxidant effects. The therapeutic candidate genes of ANPCD on ICH were identified through a comparison of the target genes of ANPCD, target genes of ICH and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and functional enrichment analysis were combined with targets-related literature to select suitable antioxidant targets. The affinity between ANPCD and the selected target was verified using macromolecular docking. Subsequently, the effects of ANPCD on OS and the selected target were further investigated through in vivo experiments. Forty-eight candidate genes were screened, in which silent information regulator sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is one of the core genes that has antioxidant effects and ICH significantly affected its expression. The good affinity between 6 compounds of ANPCD and SIRT1 was also demonstrated by macromolecular docking. The results of in vivo experiments demonstrated that ANPCD significantly decreased modified neurological severity scoring (mNSS) scores and serum MDA and 8-OHdG content in ICH rats, while significantly increasing serum SOD and CAT activity, complicated with the up-regulation of ANPCD on SIRT1, FOXO1, PGC-1α and Nrf2. Furthermore, ANPCD significantly decreased the apoptosis rate and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (P53, cytochrome c and caspase-3). ANPCD alleviates OS damage and apoptosis after ICH in rats. As a potential therapeutic target, SIRT1 can be effectively regulated by ANPCD, as are its downstream proteins.

Modulatory role of welding fumes on serum zinc and copper levels and oxidative stress markers among welders: Considering smoking as a possible implication

The presence of heavy metals in welding fumes and the numerous metals that make up welding gases expose welders to numerous occupational dangers, including major occupational health issues worldwide. The gases from welding are a significant and highly skilled process that have a considerable negative impact on welders' overall health and wellbeing. This study evaluated the influence of welding fumes on serum zinc and copper levels and oxidative stress biomarkers in welders considering smoking as a potential risk factor. The study used a case-control experimental design. Forty (40) healthy adult males were randomly selected comprising twenty (20) in the experimental group involving smokers and nonsmokers with welding experience and twenty (20) in the control group involving smokers and nonsmokers without welding experience. Data are expressed as the mean±SEM, and comparisons of means across groups were performed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Turkey's multiple comparisons test. The results showed that the serum zinc and copper levels of smokers were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in comparison to the control group, and a graded increase in the serum GST and MDA levels was observed across groups. The serum SOD level of smoker nonwelders was significantly (p < 0.05) increased when compared with the control group. Smokers who did not weld had significantly (p < 0.05) higher serum SOD levels. The results likewise showed a statistically nonsignificant reduction in glutathione levels and a substantial decrease in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the experimental group. Overall, changes in the antioxidant parameters showed that smoking and welding fumes can exacerbate an increase in the activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in deteriorated health conditions.

Characteristic alkaloids from Stemona sessilifolia with lung protective effects

In the research on lung protective effects from the roots of Stemona sessilifolia, twenty-five Stemona alkaloids have been isolated, including four undescribed components (1, 3–5), a new natural product (2) and 20 known alkaloids (6–25). Their structures were analyzed by NMR spectra, high-resolution mass spectrum data, and other chemical methods. UPLC-QTOF/MS method was used to identify the Stemona alkaloids and summarize the fragmentation patterns of mass spectrometry. The lung-protective effects of these compounds were evaluated using MLE-12 cells induced by NNK and nm SiO2. The results showed that compounds 3, 5, 8, 10–11, 17–21 and 23 exhibited protective effects on NNK-induced cell injury. Compounds 2, 8–11, 14, 17–19 and 22 showed improvement in nm SiO2-induced lung epithelial cell injury. Compound 10 (tuberostemonine D), a representative alkaloid with a high content in Stemona sessilifolia, significantly protected C57BL/6 lung injury mice induced by nm SiO2, suggesting it a key component of Stemona alkaloids that play a protective role in lung injury. The results of in vivo activity showed that compound 10 could improve the lung injury of mice, reduce ROS content, and recover the levels of SOD and MDA in serum. Its protective effect on lung injury might be related to Nrf2 activation.

Evaluation of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of sublingual glutathione on COPD patients.

Glutathione (GSH) is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, proven effective in reducing treatment duration, prescribed doses, and hospitalization for several diseases. This study assessed the therapeutic response of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients by measuring oxidative superoxide dismutase (SOD3), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), and inflammatory biomarkers such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-8 (IL-8) after sublingual administration of glutathione supplements. A cohort of 50 COPD individuals was involved and divided into two groups of 25 each. The first group received conventional therapy involving the administration of formoterol fumarate (12 µg inhaler) twice daily. The second group received the conventional treatment alongside sublingual glutathione (300 mg twice daily) for two months. The levels of serum IL-8, TNF-α, SOD3, and GPX1 were assessed before therapy, as well as at one and two months after treatment, in both cohorts. Both groups exhibited a notable reduction in the inflammatory mediators IL-8 and TNF-α when compared to their respective pre-treatment levels (P value <0.05). However, it is worth noting that the observed difference between the groups was not statistically significant (P value >0.05). The levels of SOD3 and GPX1 exhibited a substantial rise in both groups; however, they were found to be greater in group 2 compared to group 1 (P value >0.05). The administration of glutathione resulted in enhanced levels of antioxidant biomarkers among individuals diagnosed with COPD, accompanied by a minor and statistically insignificant decrease in the levels of the anti-inflammatory mediators IL-8 and TNF-alpha.

Protective effects of dietary Astragalus polysaccharides on large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) against Vibrio alginolyticus infection

As one of the effective immunopotentiators, Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) are being used widely in prevention and control of fish bacteriosis. However, the understanding of the related immune protection mechanisms is still limited. In this study, the protective effects of dietary APS on large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) following Vibrio alginolyticus infection were investigated. After continuous feeding for 42 d, fish in APS group exhibited higher survival rates against V. alginolyticus infection compared to the control group, and 500 mg/kg APS produced the highest relative percent survival (RPS) of 53.33%, therefore, 500 mg/kg (0.05%) supplementation was recommended in large yellow croaker farming from a standpoint of antibacterial infection. APS could enhance antioxidant level of fish by increasing serum T-AOC capacity and SOD activity and reducing MDA content, and improve innate immune response by increasing serum AKP and ACP activities. Head kidney differential transcriptome analysis between control group and 500 mg/kg APS group before and after V. alginolyticus infection corroborated the effects of APS on activation of antioxidant capacity and innate immunity by up-regulating the antioxidant-related genes and activating CTLR pathway, respectively. Additionally, APS could also activate fish adaptive immunity by reversing V. alginolyticus-induced inhibition on T and B cell receptor signaling pathways. All these findings suggested that APS may exert the protective effects against V. alginolyticus infection by improving antioxidant ability, innate and adaptive immune responses of large yellow croaker, thus providing insights into the protection mechanisms of APS in fish and highlighting their potential application in fish aquaculture.

Exploring the molecular mechanism of Licorice rose beverage anti-melasma based on network pharmacology, molecular docking technology and in vivo and in vitro experimental verification

Melasma is a pigmentation disease with refractory and high recurrence risk. Therefore, finding effective treatment has become the focus of research. This study aimed to reveal the mechanism of Licorice rose beverage (LRB) in treating melasma from the perspective of network pharmacology and in vitro and in vivo experimental techniques. Network pharmacological studies have shown that Isolicoflavonol, quercetin, and kaempferol are the main active components of anti-melasma and tyrosinase is the main target. Molecular docking studies have shown that these compounds have a good affinity for these targets. In vitro tyrosinase inhibition experiments showed that LRB could significantly inhibit tyrosinase activity. In vivo studies showed that LRB could significantly improve skin damage and skin pigmentation, reduce the activities of serum and skin tyrosinase in model mice, increase the activity of SOD in serum, and reduce the content of MDA in mice, showing a good effect of anti-melasma. In conclusion, these findings reveal the molecular mechanism of LRB in treating melasma and provide the scientific basis for this product's development and clinical application.

Study on Illumination Intensity and Duration of LED Light Sources for a Weaned Piglet House without Natural Light

Lighting is an important environmental parameter in livestock farming, which can affect the physiology and behavior of animals, and it can regulate animal production. To explore the comprehensive effects of light intensity and duration on the performance, behavior, and physiological indicators of piglets, a 3 × 2 two-factor experiment (three levels of lighting intensity × two lighting durations) was conducted. The three light intensities used were high (100–120 lux), medium (40–50 lux), and low (5–20 lux). The two lighting durations were 8 h and 10 h of light per day. The experiment used a total of six lighting combinations, which corresponded with the six test units. A total of 96 Landrace–Yorkshire hybrid piglets, with an initial body weight of 13.23 ± 0.18 kg, were randomly assigned to six lit units, four pens per unit, and four piglets per pen. The results showed that lighting intensity and duration had no significant effect on the average daily feed intake, average daily gain, feed/gain, or water consumption of pigs (p &gt; 0.05). For IgM, the main effect caused by the light duration was significant. When the light intensity was 5–20 lux and 40–50 lux, the serum IgM levels of piglets in the 10 h/day light group were 45.80% and 39.54% higher than those in the 8 h/day group, respectively (p &lt; 0.05). For SOD and GSH-Px, the interaction between the lighting duration and intensity was significant (p &lt; 0.05). In the 8 h/day light group, the serum SOD levels of piglets at light intensities of 5–20 lux and 40–50 lux were significantly higher than those at 100–120 lux (p &lt; 0.05). When the light intensity was 5–20 lux and 40–50 lux, the SOD level in the 8 h/day group was significantly higher than that of the 10 h/day group (p &lt; 0.05). The main effect of lighting duration on lying down and abnormal behavior was significant (p &lt; 0.05). In the 8 h/day light group, the abnormal behavior of piglets under a light intensity of 5–20 lux was twice that of 40–50 lux (p &lt; 0.05), and the lying percentage of piglets under a light intensity of 40–50 lux was 14.03% higher than that of piglets under a light intensity of 5–20 lux (p &lt; 0.05). Overall, under the conditions used in this study, although extending the duration of light with an intensity of 40–50 lux to 10 h can improve some immune-related indicators, the extent of this effect was limited. The recommended lighting scheme for piglet houses is a light intensity of 40–50 lux and a lighting duration of 8 h. However, the range of lighting conditions set in this study was still very limited, and various environmental factors must be comprehensively considered in an actual production setting.

Dietary Chinese herbal mixture supplementation improves production performance by regulating reproductive hormones, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and intestinal health of broiler breeders

Chinese herbs have been used as feed additives and are commonly utilized in domestic intensive livestock farming. However, their impact on the production performance and intestinal health of broiler breeders has yet to be thoroughly explored. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a Chinese herbal mixture (CHM) on the production performance of broiler breeders in terms of reproductive hormones, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and intestinal health of broiler breeders. A total of 336 thirty-wk-old hens were randomly allotted to 4 groups with 6 replicates of fourteen hens each, which fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (CON), 500 (CHM500), 1,000 (CHM1000), and 1,500 (CHM1500) mg/kg CHM for 56 days, respectively. Our results showed that dietary supplementation with CHM1000 increased the laying rate and number of SYF and decreased the feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). All CHM groups increased oviduct and ovarian indexes, serum E2 and T-AOC levels, and decreased serum TG and MDA levels compared with CON (P < 0.05). In comparison to the CON group, the CHM1000 and CHM1500 groups increased serum ALB, IgM, and IL-10 levels, whereas the CHM1000 group also increased serum TP and SOD levels, and the CHM1500 group increased serum P and decreased serum TNF-α (P < 0.05). The addition of CHM increased FSHR expressions in the ovary, Claudin-1 expressions in the jejunum, and SOD1 expressions in the liver and ovary, but decreased the mRNA expressions of INH in the ovary as well as IL-2 and IL-6 expressions in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Moreover, CHM500 and CHM1000 groups increased CAT, GPx, and HO-1 expression in the ovary, and SOD1 and GPx expression in the jejunum, while decreasing IL-17A expression in the jejunum (P < 0.05). In addition, CHM1000 and CHM1500 groups increased villus height, VCR, and the mRNA expressions of Nrf2, HO-1, Occludin, and MUC2 in the jejunum, and IL-10 expression in the ovary, while decreasing IL-2 and IL-17A expression in the ovary, in addition to increasing GPx, Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, and IL-10 expression in the liver (P < 0.05). Supplementation with CHM1000 increased ESR-α, ESR-β, GnRH, Nrf2, and NQO1 expression in the ovary, but decreased IFN-γ expression in the ovary as well as crypt depth in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Supplementing CHM1500 increased NQO1 and ZO-1 expression in the jejunum and decreased IL-2 in the liver (P < 0.05). The high-throughput sequencing results showed that dietary CHM1000 supplementation altered the composition of the intestinal microbiota, as evidenced by the regulation of the genera Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, and Phascolarctobacterium. PICRUSt analysis revealed that metabolic pathways of bacterial chemotaxis, butanoate metabolism, and synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies were enriched in the CHM1000 group. Spearman's correlation analysis indicated that the differentiated genera were significantly associated with the production performance, serum hormone, and gut barrier-related genes. Taken together, supplementation of CHM, especially at 1,000 mg/kg, could improve production performance by regulating reproductive hormones, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and intestinal health of broiler breeders, and maybe provide insights into its application as a potential feed additive to promote the performance of broiler breeders.

Correlation of Glycated Hemoglobin with Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has a heavy disease burden and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is considered to be evolving from a complex and multifactorial metabolic disorder to an inflammatory condition. The strong link between hyperglycemia and oxidative stress has long been established. Oxidative stress leads to the generation of inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species, which results in an inflammatory state, which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. We aimed to correlate the levels of Glycated Hemoglobin with Oxidative Stress.This cross-sectional study included 200 subjects, 100 were type 2 diabetic patients and 100 were healthy non-diabetic individuals. The data were analyzed using a t test. The results showed that as the Glycated Hb increased, the levels of FBS, MDA increased and Serum SOD, Glutathione and Catalase levels decreased. The results showed a positive correlation between HbA1c and fasting blood glucose (r = 0.417, p= 0.000) and MDA (r= 0.340, p=0.000). Whereas negative correlation was observed between HbA1c and other antioxidant parameters, SOD (r= 0.025, p=0.803) Catalase (r= 0.096, p= 0.342), Glutathione (r= -0.164, p= 0.103). It is hereby concluded for the present study that when glycated Hb increases the natural antioxidants that is SOD, catalase and glutathione decrease to combact the increased formation of ROS. Serum MDA, a marker of lipid peroxidation, increased with increased glycated Hb, and shows a positive correlation, indicating that lipid peroxidation increased, when glycation of Hb increased, thus depicting an increased chance of macrovascular complication in type 2 diabetics.

Effect of pachymaran on oxidative stress and DNA damage induced by formaldehyde

To further explore the pharmacological effect of pachymaran, this article studied the inhibition of pachymaran on oxidative stress and genetic damage induced by formaldehyde. 40 adult Kunming male mice were randomly divided into four groups with different interventions. One week later, the contents of serum SOD, GR, MDA, DNA–protein crosslink (DPC), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHDG) and DNA adduct were determined by ELISA. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the contents of SOD, GR and MDA among the four groups (P < 0.01). The activity of SOD and GR increased along with the increase of pachymaran dosage (SOD: rs = 0.912, P < 0.01; GR: rs = 0.857, P < 0.01), while the content of MDA showing a significant negative correlation (rs = − 0.893, P < 0.01). There were statistically significant differences in the levels of DPC, 8-OHDG and DNA adduct among the four groups (DPC and DNA adduct: P < 0.01, 8-OHDG: P < 0.05), the concentration decreased along with the increase of pachymaran dosage (DPC: rs = − 0.855, P < 0.01; 8-OHDG:rs = − 0.412, P < 0.05, DNA adduct: γs = − 0.869, P < 0.01). It can be inferred that pachymaran can inhibit oxidative stress and DNA damage induced by formaldehyde with the dose–effect relationship.

Effect of N-Carbamylglutamate Supplementation on Growth Performance, Jejunal Morphology, Amino Acid Transporters, and Antioxidant Ability of Weaned Pigs.

Weaning is an important period that affects the performance of piglets. However, the regulation of dietary amino acid levels is considered to be an effective way to alleviate the weaning stress of piglets. N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) plays an important role in improving the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of animals. A total of 36 weaned piglets were randomly assigned to two treatment groups, a control group (CON) and a 500 mg/kg NCG group (NCG), and the experiment lasted for 28 days. The results show that the NCG treatment group showed an increased 0-28 days average weight gain and average daily feed intake, and also increased contents of GLU and HDL, and lower SUN in serum, and an upregulation of the expression of the amino acid transporters SNAT2, EAAC1, SLC3A1, and SLC3A2 mRNA in the jejunum (p < 0.05), as well as an increased villus length and VH:CD ratio, and claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1 mRNA expression in the jejunum (p < 0.05). The NCG treatment group showed an increased content of GSH-Px in serum and T-AOC and SOD in the jejunum, and a lower content of MDA (p < 0.05); and the upregulation of the mRNA expression related to antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD1, Gpx4, GCLC, GCLM and Nrf2, AhR, CYP1A1) in the jejunal mucosa (p < 0.05). In addition, compared with the control group, the NCG treatment group saw an upregulation in the mRNA expression of IL-10 and a decrease in the expression of IL-1β and IL-4 in the jejunal mucosa (p < 0.05). In summary, the results of this study suggest that NCG improved growth performance and jejunal morphology, improved the jejunal transport of amino acids related to the ornithine cycle, and improved the antioxidant capacity in weaned pigs.

Association of serum superoxide dismutase activity and the incidence of colorectal cancer in a nested case-control study

BackgroundSuperoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant enzyme that degrades superoxide, a major causative factor in carcinogenesis. We assessed associations between serum SOD activities and incidence of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) in a case-control study nested in the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) study. MethodsAt baseline, 39,242 subjects donated serum samples. Participants diagnosed with CRC during follow-up were regarded as cases. Odds ratios (ORs) for CRC incidence associated with SOD were evaluated with conditional logistic regression models. In the current study, 176 cases and 524 controls were analyzed. ResultsFor the overall cohort, a decreasing trend in risk of CRC with increasing SOD was observed (P for trend=0.054) and the fourth quartile of SOD level showed the lowest risk compared to the first (OR=0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.29–0.93). This was significant in men (P for trend=0.001), with the fourth quartile of SOD level showing the lowest risk compared to the first (OR, 0.23; 95%CI, 0.09–0.60). It was also exclusively observed for rectal cancer and left-sided CRC (P for trend, 0.037 and 0.020, respectively), with the fourth quartile again showing the lowest risk compared to the first (OR, 0.28 and 0.38; 95%CI, 0.09–0.84 and 0.16–0.91, respectively). Limiting subjects to those followed-up over 2 years, all trends remained unchanged. ConclusionsOur findings suggest that serum SOD activity correlates inversely with risk of CRC, particularly in men and individuals with rectal cancer/left-sided CRC.

Immuno-protective effect of neuropeptide Y immersion on the juvenile tilapia infected by Streptococcus agalactiae

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), an important neurotransmitter, is widely distributed in the nervous systems of vertebrates. Multiple functions of NPY in mammals include the regulation of brain activity, emotion, stress response, feeding, digestion, metabolism and immune function. In the present study, we used synthetic NPY to immerse juvenile tilapia, thus firstly exploring the dose and time effect of this immersion. The results showed that the expression level of y8b and serum glucose increased after NPY immersion. When juvenile tilapia was challenged with Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae), no matter before or after the administration of NPY-immersion, it was found that NPY immersion could inhibit the expression of il-1β induced by S. agalactiae in telencephalon, hypothalamus, spleen and head kidney, and then promote the expression of il-10. In addition, NPY-immersion could reduce the activity of serum SOD but increase that of lysozyme, and ameliorate tissue damage in the head kidney and spleen of juvenile tilapia caused by S. agalactiae infection. This study firstly proposes the potential of NPY to be an immune protect factor in juvenile fish, and the results can provide a reference for the application of immersion administration in the immune protection of juvenile fish.

Different doses of recombinant FSH and determining parameters of oxidative stress.

This study aimed to examine if there is a connection between recombinant FSH dose and OS parameters in serum and the impact on IVF outcome. This study consisted of 101 participants that went through IVF procedures. Parameter that were tested are SOD, SH groups and MDA. Serum samples were drawn before stimulation and on the last day of ovarian stimulation. Two groups were formed according to the dose of gonadotropins (rFSH). In both groups there were no significant differences in live-birth rate and miscarriage. In both groups mean serum MDA and SH-groups were significantly higher after ovarian stimulation, but mean serum SOD was significantly lower when compared to values before stimulation. There were less patients without OS before stimulation. Our results suggest that there is a difference in serum concentration in groups SOD, SH groups and MDA at the beginning and at the end ovarian stimulation. On the other hand, dose of rFSH is not related with change of parameters for oxidative stress, quality of oocytes, embryos, fertilization, pregnancies, and miscarriage rate. Patients without oxidative stress before the IVF procedure needed lower doses of gonadotropins during stimulation.