Serum Lipid Profile Levels Research Articles

Effect of occupational exposure to lead on serum levels of lipid profile and liver enzymes: An occupational cohort study

The present study was performed to know the effects of chronic lead exposure on serum lipids, lipoproteins, and liver enzymes in a cohort study among of lead mine workers. We followed of 200 Iranian workers for 3- years (2018–2020), 100 of them with known occupational exposure to lead thorough their work in lead mine while the others 100 were with no such exposure. Blood lead level (BLL), serum lipids, lipoproteins, and liver enzymes of the exposure group for 3- years were measured and compared with those attained in the non-exposed workers. The BLL levels of the lead-mine workers were higher than with recommended level and the non-exposed group (24.15 and 6.35 µg/dL, respectively). The findings indicated a positive and significant relationship between BLL and lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, and bilirubin levels (P < 0.01). Also while we found a negative and significant correlation between BLL and triglyceride, total protein, albumin, and globulin levels (P < 0.01). This report depicted that chronic lead exposure is a risk factor for hematological, liver, and cardiovascular diseases. Despite the fact that the level of liver function parameters was in the normal range, the results of 3- years follow-up show a significant relationship between BLL and alteration of biochemical parameters levels.

Nicotinamide riboside ameliorates high-fructose-induced lipid metabolism disorder in mice via improving FGF21 resistance in the liver and white adipose tissue.

Fructose has been reported to acutely elevate the circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels, which ultimately causes FGF21 resistance. FGF21 resistance is suggested to result in lipid metabolism disorder. Nicotinamide riboside (NR) can alleviate lipid metabolism disorder in mice. It is unknown whether NR supplementation would alleviate lipid metabolism disorder in high-fructose exposed mice via improving FGF21 resistance. In this study, C57BL/6J mice were given 20% fructose solution for free drinking with the supplementation of NR in 400 mg kg-1 day-1. The results showed that NR supplementation decreased the serum and hepatic lipid profile levels. The increase of lipid droplets in the liver and the size of adipose cells in WAT induced by a high-fructose diet were alleviated by the addition of NR. NR supplementation increased the NAD+/NADH ratio and activated the SIRT1/NF-κB pathway. The down-regulation of NF-κB is accompanied by a decrease in inflammation, which may increase the expression of the FGF21 receptor complex, namely KLB and FGFR, then restore its downstream signaling cascade, including ERK phosphorylation and EGR1 and c-FOS expression, and ultimately improve FGF21 resistance. With the FGF21 function recovery, hepatic PGC-1α expression was up-regulated, and hepatic SREBP-1c expression was down-regulated, resulting in decreased lipogenesis. Furthermore, restoration of the FGF21 signaling pathway also led to increased expression of ATGL and HSL in WAT, which promotes lipolysis. In conclusion, we found that NR supplementation could ameliorate high-fructose-induced lipid metabolism disorder by improving FGF21 resistance in the liver and WAT, which may be related to the regulation of inflammation mediated by the SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Assessment of Serum Parameters in Stable Coronary Artery Disease Patients in Correlation with Healthy and Chronic Periodontitis Patients.

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease and has been strongly associated with elevation of systemic markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen (FIB), and lipid profile, which have also been significantly associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). Hence, there is a need to assess the possible association between chronic periodontitis and coronary artery disease.Materials and Methods: A study included 100 subjects divided into four groups. Group I: stable coronary artery disease with chronic periodontitis, Group II: stable coronary artery disease without chronic periodontitis, Group III: chronic periodontitis without coronary artery disease, and Group IV: healthy controls. Gingival index, Russell's periodontal index, pocket depth, and clinical attachment level were recorded. Venous blood was collected from the patients, and serum fibrinogen, CRP, and lipid profile levels were estimated.Results: The intragroup comparison of biochemical and periodontal parameters showed statistically significant results with P < 0.05. The intergroup comparison of serum FIB, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, and clinical attachment level showed statistical significant results (P = 0.000, P = 0.000, P = 0.001, P = 0.025, and P = 0.000, respectively) between Groups I and III.Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that there might a possible correlation between coronary artery disease and chronic periodontitis, but periodontitis-cardiovascular link is complex and difficult to define though there is sufficient evidence for their association. Leakage of pro-inflammatory cytokines from the ulcerated periodontium causes the production of acute-phase proteins by the liver. To prove the relationship, further studies should be considered making use of other markers of inflammation with prospective randomized controlled studies involving large population.

Short-Term effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on anatomical &amp; biochemical parameters in morbidly obese Iraqi Patients

Background: Osteoporosis Background: With the worldwide and national increased prevalence of obesity and high failure rates of conventional methods of treatment, bariatric surgeries (especially laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy) offer a safe and rapid therapeutic way for correction of obesity and its numerous related clinical complications. Aim: The current study examined the short-term effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on anatomical &amp; biochemical markers in morbidly obese patients and investigated whether or not there was gender difference in the changes of these markers.Patients and methods: 65 morbidly obese (BMI≥40) patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy were enrolled. Pre-operative &amp; 4-week-post-operative assessment of anatomical parameters included body weight, height &amp; calculation of body mass index (BMI). Similar biochemical assessment included lipid profile, fasting blood sugar (FBS), Hemoglobin, renal function tests and liver enzymes. Results: Patients of both sexes showed statistically significant reduction of body weight, BMI, FBS and improved serum levels of lipid profiles, renal function tests and liver enzymes. Many pre-operative abnormally high-level percentages were normalized or markedly decreased, with no statistically significant difference between males and females except for ALT changes. Discussion: Sleeve gastrectomy is very effective in improving body weight, BMI and lipid profiles by altering the anatomy and physiology of the stomach towards less food consumption, and also damping the secretion of hunger-stimulating hormones. The BMI reduction improves insulin sensitivity and FBS levels. Better glycemic &amp; blood pressure control improve renal function, while improving HDL levels reduces liver steatosis and improves serum liver enzyme levels. The main disadvantage is reduced hemoglobin level due to macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies. Conclusion: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy provides a permanent safe therapeutic choice for morbid obesity. The presence of vitamin and nutritional deficiencies after surgery is a common disadvantage mandating adequate pre-operative correction of the deficiencies, adequate post-operative supplementation and regular long follow-up.

Cilnidipine and magnesium sulfate supplement ameliorates hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and inhibits oxidative-stress in fructose-induced diabetic rats

The study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of cilnidipine (CLN) and Mg-supplementation in fructose-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced into male Wister rats by feeding fructose (10% solution) in drinking water for 8 weeks. Diabetic rats were subjected for the oral administration of CLN1 (1 mg/kg/day) and CLN10 (10 mg/kg/day), and/or methyl cellulose (0.5%) as vehicle for 28 days. After 14 days of CLN treatment, MgSO4 (1%) was added to CLN1 and CLN10 groups for another 14 days. Age-matched healthy rats were used as normal control. After 28 days body weights were measured and organ weight to body ratio was calculated. Serum samples were analysed for fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), uric acid, lipid profiles, tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), creatine phosphokinase myocardial-band (CK-MB), creatinine, albumin, electrolytes. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), liver histopathology and in-vivo antioxidant activities were also performed. The survival rate in diabetic rats was 100% after the oral administration of CLN, Mg-supplement and/or vehicle. A significant reduction in FBS levels and improvement in OGTT were observed in CLN10, CLN1+Mg and CLN10 + Mg groups after 28 days. Further, the treatment ameliorated serum lipid profile, uric acid, and albumin levels. The groups CLN10 and CLN10 + Mg improved HbA1c, liver glycogen, creatinine, T3, TSH levels and electrolytes in diabetic rats. Moreover, liver from CLN10 and CLN10 + Mg groups showed preservation of cellular architecture as evidenced by attenuation of inflammatory markers SGPT, SGOT and CK-MB; and the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione, malondialdehyde (MDA), markers of oxidative stress were significantly improved. CLN exerted prominent effects in the amelioration of hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and reduced hepatic inflammation; and Mg-supplementation might have some beneficial effects on diabetic complications and oxidative stress in fructose-induced diabetic rats.

Effects of sodium selenite and selenium-enriched yeast on cardiometabolic indices of patients with atherosclerosis: A double-blind randomized clinical trial study.

Introduction: Atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major causes of mortality worldwide. The available reports regarding the effects of selenium (Se) supplementation in the realm of atherosclerosis have been equivocal. The present investigation is aimed to assess the effects of sodium selenite and Se-enriched yeast supplementation on metabolic parameters among atherosclerotic patients. Methods: In this double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, 60 patients diagnosed with atherosclerosis were randomly allocated into either 200 μg/day selenite, yeast, or placebo groups for eight consecutive weeks. Serum levels of lipid profile and glycemic indices were measured at the baseline and end of the intervention. Results: There were no significant within-or between-group changes in levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), fasting blood sugar, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for IR throughout the study (P ≥0.05). Only the low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels were significantly lower in the yeast group in comparison with the placebo group (P = 0.015). Conclusion: The administration of Se-enriched yeast is significantly effective in decreasing LDL-c levels in patients with atherosclerosis. Additional clinical trial studies investigating the effect of Se administration on glucose homeostasis parameters and lipid profiles in atherosclerotic patients are suggested for a more definitive conclusion.

Effect of Maternal Training Before and During Pregnancy on the Lipid Profile in Wistar Rat Offspring

Background and Objectives The fetal period is an important stage in a person’s life. Exercise during pregnancy has been considered as a positive factor in preventing chronic diseases in adulthood. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of maternal high intensity exercise before and during pregnancy on serum levels of lipid profile of adult offspring. Subjects and Methods Twenty-four rats (170-200g) were divided into three maternal groups: Control (C), exercise Before Pregnancy (BP) and exercise before and during pregnancy (BDP). Exercise performed before pregnancy for six weeks and during pregnancy for three weeks; one minute with 80% -95% vo2max switching with two minutes of active recovery (65% vo2max) for five days/week. After end of the training birth process and breastfeeding, the offspring were divided according to theirs’s mother group and they were kept until adult age. The serum levels of LDL, HDL, TG and Cho were measured by enzymic method. Results The one-way ANOVA result showed that maternal exercise before and during pregnancy significantly reduced LDL, Cho and LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio in male (P=0.03, P=0.2, P=0.04) and female (P=0.00, P=0.02, P=0.04) offspring. Conclusion This finding suggests that maternal high-intensity-interval training as an appropriate environmental intervention can help to improve the health of the next generation.

Assessment of genetic polymorphism associated with ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) gene and fluctuations in serum lipid profile levels in patients with coronary artery disease

BackgroundCoronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the common genetic and clinical risk factors associated with cardiovascular and multifactorial disorder. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) gene plays an important role in lipid metabolism and in multiple studies associated with CAD. However, more studies are needed to identify the exact role of single nucleotide polymorphisms which may cause CAD. ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to investigate the genetic association of polymorphism g.1051G > A in the ABCA1 gene with CAD patients in the Saudi population. MethodsWe included 315 confirmed CAD cases, and 205 non-CAD or control subjects in this case-control study. DNA isolation was carried out for all registered participants and the polymorphism g.1051G > A was genotyped with Polymerase Chain Reaction followed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis with EcoNI restriction enzyme. ResultsModifiable risk factors such as Body Mass Index, smoking and diabetes were strongly associated and non-modifiable risk factors such as hypertension (Systolic Blood Pressure and Diastolic Blood Pressure) and serum analysis such as Fasting Blood Glucose, Total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG) and LDL-c were significantly associated in CAD cases (p < 0.05). Allele (OR-1.73;95% CI:1.33–2.26; p = 0.0004), GA vs GG (OR-2.26; 95% CI: 1.53–3.35; p = 0.0003 and dominant inheritance pattern (OR-2.23; 95% CI:1.56–3.20; p = 0.00009 was strongly associated with CAD cases and control subjects. The frequency level of use of atorvastatin was significantly different among GG, GA and AA subjects. Additionally, TC and TG levels were influenced by the presence of g.1051G > A polymorphism. ConclusionThe polymorphism g.1051G > A in the gene ABCA1 is closely associated with the existence of the CAD subjects. This polymorphism could also affect the serum levels of the lipid profile, suggesting a possible occurrence of CAD in the Saudi population.

Prevalence of preeclampsia and the associated risk factors among pregnant women in Bangladesh

Preeclampsia is a multi-organ system disorder of pregnancy and is responsible for a significant rate of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Bangladesh, a large number of obstetric deaths occur every year but the exact reasons are not well investigated. The data regarding preeclampsia and its associated risk factors are scarce or limited in pregnant women in Bangladesh. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of preeclampsia and identify the possible risk factors in a pregnant women cohort in Bangladesh. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 111 participants were enrolled and asked to include their anthropometric, socio-demographic, and other related lifestyle information in a standard questionnaire form. Blood samples were also collected from each participant to analyze serum levels of lipid profile, liver enzymes, uric acid, and creatinine by using standard methods. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with preeclampsia. The overall prevalence of preeclampsia was 14.4%. About 10% of the pregnancies were found to have preeclampsia after 20 weeks of gestation without a previous history of hypertension. On the other hand, the prevalence of preeclampsia that superimposed on chronic hypertension was found to be 5.4%. Serum levels of TC, LDL-C, ALT and uric acid were significantly higher and HDL-C was significantly lower in preeclamptic pregnancies than the non-preeclamptic pregnancies. Respondents who required to take antihypertensive medications (AOR 5.45, 95% CI [1.09, 27.31]) and who never took antenatal care (AOR 6.83, 95% CI [1.00, 46.48]) were more likely to be preeclamptic. In conclusion, the present study showed a comparatively high prevalence of preeclampsia among pregnant women in Bangladesh. Some programmatic interventions such as medication for hypertension, antenatal visits to doctors, delivery and postnatal care services should be considered to reduce and prevent the hypertensive pregnancy disorders in Bangladesh.

Gender Differences in Nicotine Induced Dyslipidemia and Hyperglycemia in Mice

The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in nicotine treated male and female mice and to evaluate gender related differences. For these purposes adult male and female BALB/C mice were subjected to chronic nicotine treatment (3.08mg/100ml in drinking water) for 4 weeks. Serum glucose, albumin, corticosterone and lipid profile levels were determined. Body weight changes were also monitored. We have found that nicotine treatment raises total cholesterol and glucose levels more in male as compared to female mice. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were increased by 35% (P&lt;0.01) only in male mice. However rise in triglycerides were greater in females (28%) than males (21%) when compared with their respective controls. Serum albumin levels were increased in both sexes showing 13% greater increase in males as compared to females. However nicotine treatment had no effect on high density lipoprotein cholesterol, corticosterone levels and body weights in both genders. It is concluded that nicotine use is positively associated with LDL-C in males; the results are discussed in relation to prevalence of metabolic syndrome andrisk of cardiovascular events in nicotine users.

Effect of melatonin on C-reactive protein and lipid profile of hemodialysis patients

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is one of the major causes of death in hemodialysis patients. Lipid metabolism abnormalities and increased inflammatory factors are related factors. In recent studies, melatonin inhibits dyslipidemia and reduces inflammatory factors by inhibiting LDL-C oxidation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of melatonin supplement on hyperlipidemia and C-reactive protein (CRP) level in hemodialysis patients. Objectives: We aimed to determine the effect of melatonin on CRP and lipid profile of hemodialysis patients. Patients and Methods: Among 200 hemodialysis patients, only 28 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria to enroll in the study. Patients were treated with melatonin supplements 3 mg/d at bedtime for 12 weeks. Serum lipid profile and CRP levels were measured after 12 weeks. Five patients were excluded, 2 patients underwent kidney transplantation, and three patients did not cooperate. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the two groups according to the number of participants (less than 30) and study type (pre-test and post-test). P &lt;0.05 was considered as the level of significance. Results: A total of 23 patients completed the treatment protocol. Participants was composed of 13 male and 10 female. The participants’ mean age was 30.6± 11.6 years. After treatment mean total cholesterol levels decreased from 139.95±35.49 mg/dL to 131.13 ± 34.96 mg/dL (P=0.194) which was not statistically significant. However, the decrease in serum triglyceride level was statistically significant (P=0.004). Plasma HDL-C increased significantly after treatment (P=0.032). Serum CRP levels did not change. Conclusion: Melatonin supplement improves serum triglyceride and HDL-C levels in hemodialysis patients but has no effect on total cholesterol and CRP in hemodialysis patients. Trial Registration: This randomized controlled trial was registered by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (identifier: IRCT20200308046724N1; https://en.irct.ir/trial/46407, ethical code; IR.SBMU.RETECH.REC.1397.687).

Elevated serum triglyceride levels at first prenatal visit is associated with the development of gestational diabetes mellitus

While several studies have indicated that maternal serum lipid profiles are associated with the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the results have been inconsistent. This study aimed to explore the relationship between maternal lipids profiles at first prenatal visit and GDM and determine the optimal cut-off values of possible trimester-specific variables in predicting GDM. Clinical data of women with singleton pregnancies who delivered in Xinhua Hospital between January 2016 and January 2017 were collected from electronic databases. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the potential risk factors of GDM (specific to the trimester at first prenatal visit), including age, body mass index (BMI), and serum lipid profile and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the cut-off values of significant variables. Among the 2191 pregnant women included, 315 (14.38%) were diagnosed with GDM. Of these, 880 (40.16%) had their first prenatal visit before 14 gestational weeks. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that both FPG and triglyceride (TG) levels in the first and second trimesters were associated with a high risk of GDM (p<0.05). The ROC curve showed that serum TG levels >1.235mmol/L and >1.525mmol/L in the first and second trimesters, respectively, were significantly associated with the development of GDM (p<0.05). TG levels at first prenatal visit is associated with GDM risk. Different TG cut-off values should be applied in the different trimesters of pregnancy for GDM screening.

Study of serum lipid profile and serum lipo-protein (a) in type II diabetes mellitus patients compared to non-diabetics

Background: This study helps us in evaluating present Indian scenario of lipid and diabetic portfolio, and advices about how aggressive treatment should be for immediate control of blood sugars and lipids are to minimize the cardiovascular risks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the serum lipid profile and lipo-protein (a) levels in comparison to patients with type II diabetics with non-diabetics.Methods:It was a hospital-based case control study conducted on patients presenting with signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus and confirmed on doing appropriate investigation. 200 patients of which 100 were non-diabetic (control) and 100 type II diabetic patients, of which fifty were type II diabetics were on oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA) and 50 were on insulin only, were selected after matching for age and sex. Lipid profile, serum lipoprotein (a), ECG, 2D echo was studied in these patients.Results: The males were more (74%) than females (26%) among the cases. Fasting blood sugar, post prandial blood sugar and HbA1c were significantly more in cases. Triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and lipoprotein (a) were significantly more in cases. ST shift (mm) and T wave inversions were significantly more in cases compared to controls (p&lt;0.05). Mean ejection fraction was significantly reduced in cases compared to controls. FBS and PPBS were not significantly different in two groups of OHA and insulin but HbA1c was significantly better controlled in insulin group than OHA group.Conclusions:Lipid profile and lipoprotein (a) as well as ECG and 2D echo parameters were significantly worse in diabetes patients. Hence appropriate management is important to prevent risk of complications.

Relationship between serum lipid level and meibomian gland dysfunction subtype in Korea using propensity score matching

To analyze the relationship between systemic lipid profile levels and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) subtype in Korea. The ophthalmic data of 95 eyes and the serum lipid profiles of 95 patients were reviewed. These factors were compared with those of the general population using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), which evaluated 2,917 subjects. Of these, the comparison group (1:5 ratio; n = 475) was selected using propensity score matching according to age and sex. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between serum lipid profile levels and MGD subtypes in MGD patients. The mean high-density lipoprotein (HDL) value of the MGD patients was significantly higher than that of the general population (P < 0.0001). Moreover, the mean low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels of the MGD patients was significantly lower than that of the general population (P = 0.0002). However, the mean total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels of the MGD patients were not significantly different from those of the general population (TC: P = 0.4282, TG: P = 0.5613). In addition, no serum lipid levels statistically differed among the MGD subtypes (TC: P = 0.7650, HDL: P = 0.2480, LDL: P = 0.3430, TG: P = 0.7030). A statistically significant increase in HDL and decrease in LDL concentration were observed in the MGD group, although there was no difference in any serum lipid level among the MGD subtypes.

Effects of Caper (Capparis Spinosa) and Acetic Acid on Lipid Profile and Protein Concentration in the Serum of Albino Mice

This study aimed to determine the effects of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of caper (Capparis Spinosa) and acetic acid on serum lipid profile and proteins levels in mice. Sixty adult mice with an average weight of 24±4 g grams were divided into four groups (15 mice for each). The first group (G1) was administrated daily with an oral dose of caper alcoholic extract (200 mg/kg) for 28 days. The second group (G2) was administrated daily with an oral dose of caper aqueous extract (200 mg/kg) for 28 days. The third group (G3) was administrated with a daily dose of 10 % acetic acid (2 ml/kg) for 28 days. The fourth Group (G4) was administrated daily with distilled water for 28 days, as a control group. The levels of lipid profile parameters, blood urea, total protein, albumin, and globulin were determined. The results showed a significant reduction (P≤0.05) in cholesterol and triglyceride levels in mice that were treated with alcohol or aqueous extracts of caper compared with acetic acid-treated and control groups. On the other hands, the results showed a significant reduction (P≤0.05) of blood urea levels in mice that were treated with alcohol or aqueous extracts of caper compared with acetic acid-treated and control groups. While the results recorded non-significant differences in the levels of total protein, albumin, and globulin in the serum of mice of different treatment groups. From the results, it can be concluded that caper has protective effects via acting to improve the lipid profile and urea level in the blood of mice.

SERUM LEVEL OF IL-33 IN GOUTY RENAL PATIENTS

Background: Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis and the most common metabolic disease in humans. It may result in tophi, kidney stones, or even kidney damage. It has become more common in recent decades due to increasing risk factors in the population, such as metabolic syndrome. Interleukin-33, the latest discovery in IL-1 cytokine family, acts as an early alerter of inflammation, it has been linked to several human pathologies including autoimmune diseases, sepsis, and allergy through its specific IL-1 receptor ST2 (suppression of tumorigenicity 2). However, there is little information regarding the role of IL-33 in gout.Aim of the Work: Our study aimed to examine the clinical utility of IL-33 level in serum among gouty patients and correlating its concentration with renal affection.Patients and Methods: Our case-control study was conducted on 90 subjects divided into three groups. Group I: included thirty gout patients, with no evidence of kidney affection, Group II: included thirty gout patients with kidney affection, their diagnosis based on the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria, Group III: thirty age and sex-matched, apparently healthy subjects included in the study as a control group. All individuals were subjected to detailed medical history, clinical examination including weight measurement and body mass index (BMI), and laboratory parameters including serum uric acid, creatinine, urea, lipid profile, and serum level of IL-33 measured by ELISA.Results: Serum IL-33 was predominantly increased in gout patients (with or without kidney affection) compared to healthy controls and was even higher in patients without kidney injury compared to gout patients with kidney injury. IL-33 was positively correlated with serum HDL, BMI, although it was negatively correlated with LDL and cholesterol.In Conclusion: IL-33 might have a protective role in kidney injury among gout patients.

Effect of the combination of Leptadenia hastata (pers) decne and Momordica balsamina linn leaf extracts on lipid profile of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

BackgroundChanges in blood lipid level (dyslipidemia) play a central role in the onset and pathogenesis of macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Traditional herbal healers commonly use anti-diabetic polyherbal formulations to provide a multi-therapeutic approach for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications. The effect of the aqueous leaf extracts of Leptadenia hastata (pers) Decne, Momordica balsamina Linn and their combination on lipid profile of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats was therefore evaluated in the present study.ResultsWe evaluated the serum lipid profile and blood glucose level of STZ-induced diabetic rats (60 mg/kg body weight) treated with the aqueous leaf extracts of L. hastata (400 mg/kg) and M. balsamina (200 mg/kg) alone and in combination (400 + 200 mg/kg) after a period of 4 weeks. A significantly decreased (p < 0.05) level of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and increased (p < 0.05) level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was observed in all the treated groups when compared to the untreated diabetic rats. Furthermore, the combination treatment was potentially a more effective blood lipid-lowering (p < 0.05) agent when compared to the single treatments.ConclusionResults from this study demonstrated the blood lipid-lowering potential of the aqueous leaf extracts of L. hastata, M. balsamina, and their combination. However, the polyherbal combination could be more potent in controlling diabetes mellitus, associated dyslipidemia, and its complications.

Effect of Different Types of Fat on Lipid Metabolism in Rats

The current study was conducted to inquiries and to determine the impact of different edible oils in experimental animals. Sixty albino rats that were randomly divided into 6 groups of 10 animals. The groups were fed on dietary without fat(control) (Group I), corn oil (Group II), butter fat (Group III), refined palm oil(Group IV) sunflower oil (Group V) and frying fat more than one for 8 weeks. After 12 h of diet removal, blood was collected to measure serum lipid profile (T.C., HDL, LDL and T.G.) levels. Rats of Group A were kept as control by feeding rat normal chow diet. Animals (rats) of groups B, C, D, E &amp; F where fed by corn, butter, palm, sunflower and frying fat more than one oils respectively, at the dose of 15% in feed for 8 weeks. The procedures included determination of body weight gain, lipid profiles and histopathological lesions in different organs. All experimental rats declared advance or delay weight gain during the research period relying on type of oil. GC &amp; GF oil treated group show highest significant (P&lt;0.05) body weight gain, while GB, GD&amp; gE show lowest significant (P&lt;0.05, (P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.03) Respectively than control group. Rats fed on diet include butterfat and frying more than one had the increment levels of TG, TC &amp; LDL, and lower the HDL level than control group. On the other hand, corn, palm, sunflower oils led to the lower levels of TG, TC &amp; LDL, but the same oils or viz (corn, palm, sunflower oils ) had incremented the HDL level as compare to control group.However, dietary intake of vegetable oils improved lipid profile, while butterfat and frying more than one had the contrary impact.

Association Between ApoE Status, Circulating Vitamin A and Vitamin E Levels with Dyslipidemia in Aging Adults

The influence of ApoE or lipid-soluble vitamins on lipid profile has been well documented. However, the association between ApoE status, vitamin A (VA) and vitamin E (VE) with dyslipidemia has been seldom reported. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of ApoE status on circulating VA and VE in aging adults with dyslipidemia. A total of 1754 Chinese aged 55-75 was recruited from community health centers. They were interviewed to obtain demographic information. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to investigate daily food intakes of the participants. Fasting venous blood samples were taken and used for serum lipid profile measurement and ApoE genotyping. Serum VA and VE concentrations were determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Serum VE and VA concentrations were circulating lipids and ApoE status dependent. Dyslipidemia subjects showed higher serum TC, TG, HDL-c/LDL-c ratio, VE and lipid-adjusted VE levels than normal subjects. ApoE genotype-dependent differences in serum lipid profile, VE and VA levels were observed in both normal and dyslipidemia subjects. The relationship between circulating VA with dyslipidemia is modifiable by lipid status. Higher serum VE and lipid adjusted VE levels associated with increased risk of dyslipidemia in aging Chinese adults, especially in ApoE4 carriers. Large scale longitudinal study is required to determine the optimal circulating VE levels in the elderly based on different lipid profiles and ApoE status.

Association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and metabolic syndrome in obese adolescents: A possible immune-metabolic link.

Background Toxoplasmosis as a global disease is considered as a triggering factor responsible for development of several clinical diseases. However, Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an understudied parasite of potential interest in obesity research. The current study aimed to explore the role of latent T. gondii infection in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in obese adolescents through studying the relationship between serum interferon-gamma [IFN-γ] and serum chemerin in context of MetS components. Methods Eighty-three obese adolescents were serologically screened for T. gondii-IgG antibodies and compared to 35 age-matched healthy T. gondii-seronegative controls. Participants were evaluated for anthropometric measurements, total-fat mass [FM], trunk-FM, serum lipid profile, IFN-γ, and chemerin levels. Homeostatic Model Assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Results The prevalence of MetS was significantly higher within obese T. gondii-seropositive group compared to obese T. gondii-seronegative group (P=0.033). Seropositive obese MetS group displayed significantly higher trunk-FM, HOMA-IR, chemerin, and IFN-γ compared to seronegative obese MetS group. Serum chemerin and IFN-γ were strongly correlated (P<0.001) and were positively correlated with BMI, WC, total-FM, trunk-FM, HOMA-IR, cholesterol, triglycerides and negatively correlated with HDLC. HOMA-IR was a common predictor for serum chemerin (P=0.030) and IFN-γ (P<0.001). Conclusions The study results suggest that T. gondii infection may exert an immune-metabolic effect that may have a potential role in the development of MetS among obese adolescents.