Abstract
Introduction: Atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major causes of mortality worldwide. The available reports regarding the effects of selenium (Se) supplementation in the realm of atherosclerosis have been equivocal. The present investigation is aimed to assess the effects of sodium selenite and Se-enriched yeast supplementation on metabolic parameters among atherosclerotic patients. Methods: In this double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, 60 patients diagnosed with atherosclerosis were randomly allocated into either 200 μg/day selenite, yeast, or placebo groups for eight consecutive weeks. Serum levels of lipid profile and glycemic indices were measured at the baseline and end of the intervention. Results: There were no significant within-or between-group changes in levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), fasting blood sugar, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for IR throughout the study (P ≥0.05). Only the low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels were significantly lower in the yeast group in comparison with the placebo group (P = 0.015). Conclusion: The administration of Se-enriched yeast is significantly effective in decreasing LDL-c levels in patients with atherosclerosis. Additional clinical trial studies investigating the effect of Se administration on glucose homeostasis parameters and lipid profiles in atherosclerotic patients are suggested for a more definitive conclusion.
Highlights
Atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major causes of mortality worldwide
The findings of the present study indicated that Se supplementation in sodium selenite and Se-enriched yeast form seemed to have no beneficial effects on plasma lipids and glycemic indices in atherosclerotic patients
It modified the low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels in comparison with the placebo group, the results of the present study were in line with that of a recent meta-analysis in which 11 randomized controlled trial (RCT) papers showed that the supplementation with Se had no beneficial effect on total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and a marginal lowering effect on TG level.[19]
Summary
Atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major causes of mortality worldwide. The physiologic function of Se is dependent on the seleno-proteins, in which Se is present as seleno-cysteine amino acid.[1] Se function is required for antioxidant defense, prevention of inflammation, thyroid hormone generation, DNA synthesis, reproduction, and cancer cell death.[2,3] The most crucial function of Se is catalyzing the conversion of H2O2, lipid, and phospholipid hydroperoxides into safe products, mainly through Sedependent glutathione peroxidase (GPXs), which is related to the antioxidant effects of Se.[4] This process prevents oxidative damage to the lipids, lipoproteins, and DNA It maintains the membrane integrity, which is associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as atherosclerosis.[5,6] Oxidative stress is recognized as the crucial factor leading to atherosclerosis and related CVDs. Atherosclerosis, as a multifactorial and progressive disorder of the arterial wall, is the major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide.[7] It results from the deposition of fatty materials and cholesterol in the arterial intima, mainly caused by oxidative modifications of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). These lipidladen macrophages are called foam cells whose presence in the arterial wall is a hallmark of early atherosclerotic lesion.[8,9]
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