Effectiveness and safety of light therapy for treating primary dysmenorrhea: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

IntroductionEmergency departments (EDs) suffer from crowding due to patients with low urgency whose treatment is often inappropriate in many cases. Crowding in the ED may indicate inefficiencies in the primary care infrastructure. According to the literature, it is associated with individual and system-related factors, such as younger age, convenience of visiting the ED and a negative perception of care outside the hospital. However, patients’ motives driving decision-making for non-urgent visits to the ED in this post-pandemic period require further exploration. Therefore, this study aims to describe the proportion of potentially avoidable, non-urgent ED visits and to explore the associations between socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, patients’ motives, and potentially avoidable, non-urgent visits to the ED.Methods and analysisThis multicentre cross-sectional study will be conducted in the ED of seven public hospitals in the South Tyrolean Health Service in the northern Italian Province of Bolzano-Bozen. A consecutive sample of 1000 adult patients (≥18 years) with clinical conditions that are triaged as ‘non-urgent’ (ie, Manchester Triage System priority level ‘blue’ or ‘green’) and consent to participate in the study will be included. Data will be collected in each ED over two full working weeks (24 hours, weekdays and weekends) between 1 September 2024 and 30 November 2024. For each patient, triage nurses and medical doctors will fill out a data collection sheet, including the triage code, diagnosis at discharge and avoidability of the ED visit. Patients will be surveyed using a structured questionnaire with standardised instruments (eg, the Patient Activation Measure and Mental Health Inventory) and self-developed items (eg, motives for ED visits and previous use of community care services). Data analysis will involve descriptive and inferential analyses (ie, χ2 tests) to determine group differences. Multivariate multilevel modelling will be applied to explore the associations between individual, system and cultural factors and potentially avoidable, non-urgent visits.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this study was obtained from the Medical Ethics Committee of the South Tyrolean Health Service (Nr. 41-2024). The results will be published in relevant scientific journals and communicated to the public and relevant institutions through dissemination activities, including press releases and stakeholder meetings. The findings will inform recommendations aimed at refining health policies and optimising access to primary and emergency care services.Registration detailsISRCTN registry (ISRCTN17355506).

The suicide risk among discharged psychiatric patients is substantially higher than that among patients with physical diseases and the general population. In China, few cohort studies have investigated suicidal acts in patients discharged from psychiatric facilities, and the factors that convey the risk of post-discharge suicidal acts in this specific population remain unclear. Therefore, we are conducting a prospective multicentre cohort study to investigate the association between suicide attempt history and disease severity in patients with common psychiatric disorders with post-discharge suicidal acts. This study will recruit 3000 inpatients with one of three common psychiatric disorders, namely schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, from three hospitals in North China: Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Tianjin Anding Hospital and the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University. Participants will include 1500 inpatients with schizophrenia, 900 inpatients with major depressive disorder and 600 inpatients with bipolar disorder. The baseline assessment includes determining whether each recruited patient meets the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia, major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth edition (DSM-IV) and obtaining details on prior histories of suicide attempts and the severity of the diagnosed disorders using several questionnaires. A 2-year follow-up will be conducted after the recruited patients have been completely assessed. Follow-ups are scheduled at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after discharge. The primary outcomes are suicidal acts, including suicide attempts and death, that occurred during the follow-up period. A survival analysis will be performed to test for the supposed associations. This study was approved by the institutional review boards of Beijing Huilongguan Hospital (2022-67-Science), Tianjin Anding Hospital (2022-47) and First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (2022-K155). All participants will be required to provide written informed consent before the baseline assessment. The recruitment methods will be explained to potential participants, and their confidentiality will be protected throughout the study. The findings of this study will be disseminated to peer-reviewed scientific journals and conference presentations. ChiCTR2200064610.

IntroductionProactive and easily accessible interventions are needed to support people with long-term health conditions who experience limitations in activities of everyday life. However, there is a lack of interventions that promote self-management skills that prevent deterioration and improve health. The internet-based programme ‘Strategies for Empowering Activities in Everyday Life’ (SEE) supports people with long-term health conditions in developing self-management skills through knowledge, self-analysis and management strategies, promoting active and healthy daily life. This study protocol aims to evaluate the feasibility of SEE 2.0 and the study design.Methods and analysisThis feasibility study employs a pretest and post-test design with no control group, embedded within a mixed-method approach. The participants will include 30–40 clients, occupational therapists and managers involved in delivering SEE 2.0 in primary healthcare and hospital-based services. Data will be collected through assessments and forms at baseline, 4 months and 12 months after inclusion. Additionally, qualitative methods will be used to enhance the understanding of participants’ experiences.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority. The results will inform the refinement of SEE 2.0 and guide decisions on whether to proceed with planning a full-scale evaluation to assess the intervention’s effect. The results will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals on websites and presented at conferences and seminars to reach various user groups.Trial registration numberNCT06484322.

Placebo effect of sham acupuncture in patients with insomnia and influence of varying stimulation intensities and locations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Comparative efficacy and safety of biologics and systemic immunomodulatory treatments for chronic urticaria: Systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Publication Dynamics and Metrics in Orthopaedic Research: A Retrospective Analysis of 128 French Articles.

Abnormalities in immune system development and function result in increased susceptibility to infection and reactivation of latent infections. Other immunodeficiencies can result in mild infections and may first be detected in adulthood. This literature review aims to discuss primary immunodeficiencies, including their definition, causes, treatment, and examples of the diseases they cause. This literature review was compiled through a literature search method by reviewing various scientific journals obtained from databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. The results Primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) results from immune system defects caused by mutations in the genetic code that codes for components of the body's immune system. PID is broadly classified as either a disorder of adaptive immunity (T-cell, B-cell, or combined immune deficiencies) or innate immunity (phagocyte and complement deficiencies). Patients with PID may experience a variety of lung problems, including recurrent lower respiratory tract infections, lung parenchymal abnormalities, asthma, ventilation abnormalities, and bronchiectasis (BE). In conclusion, primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) refers to a large, heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by abnormalities in the development and/or function of the immune system. These conditions result from immune system defects caused by mutations in the genetic code that codes for components of the body's immune system.

IntroductionCardiac anxiety is common following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and is characterised by fear of recurrence, heightened attention to cardiac sensations and avoidance of cardiac-related activities in daily life. It is associated with depression, reduced quality of life (QoL) and an adverse cardiac prognosis. We have developed a digital cognitive–behavioural therapy protocol for cardiac anxiety (CA-CBT) post ACS, previously evaluated in clinical trials including one randomised controlled trial (RCT), in which the intervention was compared to usual care. This protocol article describes a follow-up RCT, designed to further evaluate the efficacy of CA-CBT compared with an active control receiving a digital cardiac lifestyle intervention (CLI).Method and analysisParticipants with ACS (ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)/non-STEMI/unstable angina ≥6 months prior) and elevated cardiac anxiety (Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire; CAQ ≥18 and as per clinical interviews) (n=176) are randomised 1:1 to 8 weeks of CA-CBT or CLI. Primary outcome is change in cardiac anxiety, measured by the CAQ, from pre-intervention to post-intervention. Analyses will be conducted according to the ‘intention-to-treat’ principle, using hierarchical linear mixed-effects model, with random intercepts and including 10 weekly assessments collected during the treatment period. Secondary outcomes include disease-specific Quality of Life (Heart QoL), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index), in addition to both self-rated and accelerometer-measured physical activity. Secondary outcomes will be analysed using similar statistical methods.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr 2023-07605-01), and the first patient enrolled on 7 March 2024. Recruitment is ongoing, and the completion date is expected to fall in the latter half of 2026. All participants receive information about the study and provide informed consent in accordance with ethical guidelines before inclusion. The results will be analysed at group level, and trial outcomes will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal, regardless of results.Trial registration numberNCT06298864.

The goal of this study is to estimate the amount of lost data in electron microscopy and to analyze the extent to which experimentally acquired images are utilized in peer-reviewed scientific publications. Analysis of the number of images taken on electron microscopes at a core user facility and the number of images subsequently included in peer-reviewed scientific journals revealed low efficiency of data utilization. Up to around 90% of electron microscopy data generated during routine instrument operation can remain unused. Of the more than 150,000 electron microscopy images evaluated in this study, only approximately 3500 (just over 2%) were made available in publications. For the analyzed dataset, the amount of lost data in electron microscopy can be estimated as >90% (in terms of data being recorded but not being published in peer-reviewed literature). On the one hand, these results highlight a shortcoming in the optimal use of microscopy images; on the other hand, they indicate the existence of a large pool of electron microscopy data that can facilitate research in data science and the development of AI-based projects. The considerations important to unlock the potential of lost data are discussed in the present article.

Digital transformation compels businesses to adapt human resource management (HRM) practices, yet most research emphasizes developed economies, leaving challenges in developing countries underexplored. This study addresses this gap by examining how digital businesses in Indonesia manage HRM adaptation to technological change. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, secondary data were collected from scientific journals, books, and industry reports published between 2019 and 2024 and analyzed through data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. Findings highlight three major challenges: non-standard work models, digital skill gaps, and data security risks, with 65% of Indonesian digital firms reporting difficulties in recruiting advanced digital talent. At the same time, opportunities arise from human resource information systems, global recruitment, and flexible work arrangements, with 40% of firms already leveraging international talent pools. The study concludes that effective HRM in digital businesses must prioritize digital skills training, foster innovation-driven cultures, and strengthen cybersecurity practices. By offering context-specific insights, this research contributes practical strategies for enhancing workforce adaptability and competitiveness in Indonesia’s digital economy, while also pointing to the need for further empirical studies on sector-specific HRM adaptation in developing countries.

Relevance: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive and deadly malignant tumors, characterized by treatment complexity and high resistance to immunotherapy. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is traditionally used as a diagnostic marker for HCC. Recent studies reveal its key role in carcinogenesis and in forming a tolerogenic microenvironment that suppresses the antitumor immune response. Despite numerous publications, contradictions remain in assessing AFP’s functions and prognostic value, necessitating an analytical review.This study aimed to summarize modern data on AFP’s role in tumor immune evasion mechanisms and evaluate AFP’s potential as a target for novel immunotherapeutic approaches for HCC treatment. Methods: A systematic search and analysis of publications on AFP and HCC were conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar, and several specialized medical and scientific journals (including Cancer Research) from 2017 to 2025. Keywords included: “alpha-fetoprotein”, “hepatocellular carcinoma”, “immunosuppression”, “tumor immune evasion”, “AFP immunomodulation”, “immune response in HCC”. Selected articles met relevance and novelty criteria.Results: The review revealed that AFP plays a central role in HCC progression through its immunosuppressive effects and activation of tumor immune evasion mechanisms. Contradictions in prognostic data ref lect the complexity and multilayered biological functions of AFP.Conclusion: AFP is not only a key diagnostic marker for HCC but also plays an active role in establishing immune tolerance. Its ability to suppress antitumor immune response makes AFP a promising therapeutic target, especially in combined immunotherapeutic approaches aiming to improve treatment efficacy.

A Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes) is a village business entity established by the village government through a village deliberation (musyawarah desa). It is then managed jointly by the BUMDes administrators and the local village community. The management of BUMDes should remain oriented towards the aspirations of the community, which are then discussed collectively in joint deliberations to establish priority programs aligned with the desires of the local community. The implementation of these programs must be carried out professionally and transparently.However, the challenge of Inadequate Managerial Capability persists. It is not easy for a village to find an individual with superior managerial skills in business management. Even if there are residents who possess such capabilities, they typically already work elsewhere, and if appointed to manage the BUMDes, it would only be on a part-time basis. Consequently, the BUMDes fails to progress and remains stagnant. Conversely, appointing someone with insufficient capacity, as indicated by their track record, is tantamount to steering the BUMDes in a more concerning direction. The purpose of this research is to analyze the contribution of the existence of Village- Owned Enterprises in Sumenep Regency to strengthening the village economy and to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors. This is a qualitative research type with a descriptive approach, and the target output of this research is publication in a scientific journal.

Social media platforms, especially Instagram, have become a significant source of digital communication where users can interact through satire, humour, and irony. Sarcasm is a rhetorical device primarily used to convey hidden meaning, criticism, or humour. This study examined sarcastic comments on the Instagram page @Sarcastic_us, categorising them into different types of Sarcasm based on contextual and linguistic features. A descriptive, qualitative approach was employed to analyse 600 comments from 30 posts using content analysis. Key findings of the study reveal six primary types of Sarcasm employed by Instagram users: absurd Sarcasm, deadpan Sarcasm, polite Sarcasm, playful Sarcasm, ironic Sarcasm, and self-deprecating Sarcasm. The study analysed different types of Sarcasm in Instagram comments. It also presented the most dominant form of self-deprecating Sarcasm (30%), which is used for humour and relevance. Additionally, exaggeration and emojis play a crucial role in amplifying the Sarcasm. The study contributes to the understanding of Sarcasm in digital spaces, taking into account such challenges and enhancing sentiment analysis. Future studies should focus on AI-driven sarcasm detection models incorporating multimodal cues to enhance accuracy. References Austin, J. L. (1962). How to do things with words. Oxford University Press. Fadilah, I., & Wijayanto, A. (2024). Sarcasm in social media: A study of comments on Sam Smith’s Instagram posts. Jurnal Onoma: Pendidikan, Bahasa, dan Sastra, 10(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.30605/onoma.v10i1.3077 Farabi, M. (2024). A comprehensive survey on multimodal sarcasm detection. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 75(3), 210–235. Ghosh, D. (2018). Detecting Sarcasm in online conversations: Contextual approaches and challenges. Journal of Computational Linguistics, 47(2), 355–378. Goyal, I. (2022). Multimodal sarcasm and satire detection on social media platforms. Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Media Analysis, 102–115. Goyal, I., Bhandia, P., & Dulam, S. (2022). Finetuning for sarcasm detection with a pruned dataset. arXiv Preprint. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2212.12213 Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and conversation. In P. Cole & J. Morgan (Eds.), Syntax and semantics (Vol. 3, pp. 41–58). Academic Press. Igaab, A. (2023). Sarcasm as a communicative strategy: An analysis of expressive and assertive acts. Journal of Pragmatics and Communication Studies, 15(2), 112–127. Jawaid, A., Batool, M., Arshad, W., Haq, M. I. ul, Kaur, P., & Arshad, S. (2025, January 26). English language vocabulary building trends in students of higher education institutions and a case of Lahore, Pakistan. Contemporary Journal of Social Science Review, 3(1), 730–737. https://contemporaryjournal.com/index.php/14/article/view/360 Jawaid, A., Batool, M., Arshad, W., Kaur, P., & Haq, M. I. ul. (2024). English language pronunciation challenges faced by tertiary students. Contemporary Journal of Social Science Review, 2(4), 2104–2111. https://contemporaryjournal.com/index.php/14/article/view/361 Khurdula, H. V., Naik, S. S., & Rusert, J. (2024). Sarcasm through the looking glass: Multi-domain analysis for improved detection. In Proceedings of SoutheastCon 2024 (pp. 650–654). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/southeastcon52093.2024.10500167 Kumar, A., & Garg, G. (2019). Sarc-M: Sarcasm detection in typographic memes. Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3384025 Lestari, D. A. (2024). The types of irony in memes: A study on Instagram. Journal of Language and Literature Studies, 5(2), 45–56. Oshii, A. M. (2023). A deviation-based ensemble algorithm for sarcasm detection in online comments. In IEEE International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Technologies (pp. 1–7). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECCT56650.2023.10179724 Sandor, T. (2023). Detecting Sarcasm in online comments using machine learning models. Journal of Computational Social Science, 6(1), 55–78. Sasirekha, P. (2024). Methodologies for sarcasm detection on social media: A review. International Journal of Computational Linguistics, 12(2), 89–104. Schifanella, R., de Juan, P., Tetreault, J., & Cao, L. (2016). Detecting Sarcasm in multimodal social platforms. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM Multimedia Conference (pp. 1136–1145). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/2964284.2964321 Searle, J. R. (1969). Speech acts: An essay in the philosophy of language. Cambridge University Press. Srivastava, R. (2024). Understanding Sarcasm in digital discourse: A multimodal perspective. International Journal of Linguistics and Communication Studies, 14(1), 77–94. Yasmin, A. P., & Zuhriah, Z. (2024). Analysis of sarcasm language use on Instagram social media (Case study of students from the Faculty of Social Sciences, UINSU). JKOMDIS: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi dan Media Sosial, 4(2), 55–64. https://doi.org/10.47233/jkomdis.v4i2.1918

There is much discussion about the use of digital technologies in education, given that these tools are present in contemporary society. Teaching practices that utilize these resources are regularly investigated, considering approaches that address the needs of each target audience and the most appropriate technological devices for each situation. In this context, this study aims to investigate how digital games are being used in Natural Sciences classes in brazilian elementary schools, reflecting on the potential and limitations of their use to promote the adoption of unconventional educational practices that break away from the traditionalism that has persisted since the 19th century, fostering a teaching model considered outdated. Five databases were consulted (Google Scholar, Capes Journals, Scielo, Scopus, and Web of Science), and points of convergence among the studies were discussed. The analysis revealed methodological trends that lack standardization in procedures, making it difficult to effectively assess whether a game is suitable for teaching Science. However, the studies analyzed highlight the potential of digital games in various areas of Science, ranging from specific content to broader themes, including transversal topics, which are presented as motivating tools for the teaching process and, therefore, valid resources for Basic Education. The study also raises concerns about the fragility of contemporary education regarding the adoption of digital technologies in teaching, such as the need for ongoing teacher training, resistance from educators, and the lack of adequate physical infrastructure to support the integration of this tool into the Science curriculum.

The development of digital technology, especially AI-based natural language processing such as ChatGPT, has opened up new opportunities in the world of education, especially in improving academic literacy skills. This study aims to determine (1) How the use of the Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based ChatGPT platform can improve students' writing skills in learning English (2) The positive impacts and challenges faced by students in using ChatGPT as a writing learning medium. By using a qualitative method with a literature study approach, this study analyzed various scientific articles, books, journals, and previous research reports. The results of the study (1) Based on an in-depth literature study, it can be concluded that the use of the Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based ChatGPT platform can significantly improve students' writing skills in learning English. Through responsive, adaptive, and personalized interactions, ChatGPT provides support in various aspects of writing such as structure, vocabulary, grammar, and style. This platform functions as a virtual tutor, a source of inspiration, and a reflection tool that encourages students to be more confident and active in writing (2) Based on the analyzed literature study, the use of ChatGPT has a significant positive impact on the development of students' writing skills. Students receive assistance in improving their writing structure, expanding their vocabulary, and gaining writing inspiration.

Purpose: This study develops and compares AI-based and traditional crack detection models for concrete structures to enhance timely maintenance and prevent costly repairs. Design/Methodology/Approach: A Convolutional Neural Network (ResNet50) with dynamic quantisation (DQ) is used for reduced memory, faster inference and lower energy consumption. A traditional model based on histogram intersection is also employed. Both models are trained and tested on publicly available datasets of concrete structures and compared in accuracy, precision, recall and training time. Findings: The DQ-ResNet50 model shows training accuracy from 0.780 to 0.917 and validation accuracy from 0.707 to 0.906, while the traditional model’s accuracy drops to 0.630 in validation. The DQ-ResNet50 offers better deployment efficiency. Value: The DQ-ResNet50 model balances performance and deployment benefits, making it more suitable for real-world applications. Keywords: Crack Detection; Concrete Structures; Resnet50; Dynamic Quantisation; Traditional Techniques; Histogram Intersection. Citation: Abdalla, O. M. O., Encalada-Dávila, Á and Ekole, M. S. (2025): Performance Evaluation of AI and Traditional Techniques for Crack Detection on Concrete Structures. World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development (WJSTSD), Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 281-295. WASD: London, United Kingdom.

Remote sensing (RS) materials,an essential component of science education in school geography education,are highly effective in integrating the major components of the Earth system. However, despite the demand for the use of RS materials in teaching school geography, the level of use remains low. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the potential for teaching students geographical literacy through a systematic literature review on the potential use of RS materials in school geography teaching. In this study, we reviewed articles published in scientific journals indexed in Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed databases using the PRISMA method. The result of the study found that out of the 25 selected papers, 32% of the papers aimed to be creative and motivational and 24% aimed to explain the benefits of RS materials in geography education. In addition, it was found that 6 papers (24%) were written based on mixed research method, 4 papers (16%) were written based on qualitative data analysis methods and 4 papers (16%) on semantic network analysis. In terms of number, 2020 (20% ) was identified as the year of publication of the largest number of articles. While 16% of authors published their research in the journal Remote Sensing. Thus, we have identified positive experiences from Western European countries such as Germany, UK, Greece, Spain and Portugal in using RS materials in teaching geography in schools. This study seeks to contribute to the literature by justifying the effectiveness of the use of RS materials in increasing the Geospatial cognitive abilities of schoolchildren.

This research discusses and efforts and solutions in overcoming or overcoming poverty. This study uses qualitative research methods. The data collection technique is carried out by literature study, namely exploring journals, good scientific journals and other information relevant to the research. The data that has been collected is then analyzed in three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawn. By using several journals to be re-analyzed, the author finds efforts to overcome and also look for the most appropriate strategy in efforts to eradicate poverty. The researcher also briefly discussed the existing problems related to poverty by taking several concepts of the community program planning model of the people's care movement as an effort to alleviate poverty that can be taken to make a solution.

This research aims to analyze and evaluate comprehensively the authority of single judges in examining simple civil cases based on Supreme Court Regulation Number 2 of 2015. This study employs normative legal research methods with statute approach, conceptual approach, and case approach to examine vague norms and potential norm conflicts in single judge judicial authority regulation. Primary legal materials include relevant legislation, particularly Supreme Court Regulation Number 2 of 2015 and its amendments, while secondary materials comprise academic literature and scientific journals discussing theoretical and practical aspects of simple court systems. The research results indicate that the juridical construction of single judge authority is built on hierarchical legal foundations starting from the 1945 Constitution to Law Number 48 of 2009 concerning Judicial Power, with Supreme Court Regulation Number 2 of 2015 serving as lex specialis regulating simple claim procedures with maximum material value of Rp. 200,000,000. Implementation of single judge authority faces various complex challenges including workload issues, competency constraints, and the need for adequate infrastructure support. Harmonization analysis reveals potential norm conflicts requiring systematic interpretation and comprehensive juridical solutions. This research contributes to enriching civil procedural law scholarship and provides practical references for legal practitioners and policymakers in optimizing simple claim systems to enhance justice access for society.