Sciences Of Ukraine Research Articles

Search of resistance sources to potato wart Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilbersky) Percival causative agent

Goal. To evaluate and to choose potato varieties breeding material resistant to wart and search resistance sources to causative agent of potato wart Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilbersky) Percival.
 Methods. The study involved 739 samples breeding of potatoes varieties Institute for potato study NAAS and its’ Polissian division in 2020—2022. The samples were received by different parents forms crossings. Evaluation of breeding material for resistance to common 1(D1) and aggressive pathotypes of potato wart was performed in the laboratory conditions of the Ukrainian Science Research Plant Quarantine Station IPP NAAS on an artificial infectious background according to EPPO Standard PM 7/28/1 and EPPO Standard PM 7/28/2 and «Techniques or evaluation and choice of potato breeding material resistant to wart Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perc harmonized as per EU requirements» and in field conditions of pathogen spread.
 Results. A 699 potato samples (94.6%) from 739 hybrids from 2022-through 2022 received resistant value to common pathotype of wart causative agent. 40 (5.4%) samples were defeated by disease causative agent and they were rejected by us. The researches results showed that 21 outlet potato parents forms had the highest resistance degree (1.2—2.0 points). They recommended for the following usage in in breeding process as a resistance source to potato wart. Hybridological analysis for potato resistance inheritance provided on the following variants of parents forms crossing F09.209-3/P14.3/12, Svitana / Mezhzyrichka, Vyhoda / Svitana, Radmysl / Svitana,Vzirets / Svitana, P10.10/35/Svitana. 81.13.9/1/Svitana, P12.14-8/Partner, Zvizdal/P10.109/35, Mezhyrichka/Sncedar, Levada /Rostovytsya, Svitana Rostovytsya, Nagoroda Rostovytsya / Rostovytsya, ВМ12.24-15 /Vygoda, Floatka/Rostovytsya, Mezhyrichka/Dorogyn, Agave/Aria, 08.102/4/Miranda, Ivankivska rannya/Alliance, Vectar/Radmysl; Charunka/Alliance; Tyras/89.715с88. The potato resistant inheritance showed 100% to wart. The crossing variant F 09.209-3 / P10.9-3, P09.26-2/Alliance gave 50.0% resistant inheritance. The crossing variant Myroslava/Н.07.162-1 gave 88.9% resistant inheritance.
 Conclusions. There were chosen 699 (94,6%) among 739 potato samples in 2020—2022 resistant to common pathotype. Hybridological analysis for potato resistance inheritance to wart showed that variant resistant (♀) × resistant (♂) give 100% resistance to wart potato inheritants. The most resultative resistant potato samples choice was resistant to D1 (common) and 22 (Bystrysia) agressive pathotype during potato breeding studies with complex resistance to wart pathotypes in 2021—2022. The most virulent was 18 (Yasynnia) aggressive pathotype. There were only 5 (21.7%) resistant to this wart pathotype. Chosen samples with complex resistance to wart pathotypes recommended for the following usage in breeding. They recommended for improve in disease sources and for the following usage in breeding process as potato resistance sources to disease causative agent and for the improving in disease sources.

Challenges and prospects for the development of the research sphere in the context of globalization

Problem setting. The article is devoted to the analysis of problems in the research sphere, taking into account the various challenges and threats that exist at the present stage, as well as to the analysis of the necessary actions of the State and civil society institutions aimed at solving them. It is noted that in the context of globalization, science, innovation and research contribute to the development of the state, society and economy, and new knowledge affects improvements in all areas of social development. However, despite considerable efforts, the issue of solving the problems faced by the research sphere in modern conditions remains relevant. Analysis of resent researches and publications. Today, aspects of the development of innovation systems, the scientific sphere and research infrastructures of the European Union and Ukraine are the subject of research by a number of scholars, including S. V. Hlibko, O. V. Rozgon, Y. V. Georgievsky, A. M. Lyubchych, Benedikt Fecher and others. The purpose of the research is to analyze the current problems faced by science in modern conditions, the interaction of the State and civil society institutions aimed at solving problems in the research sphere, taking into account the challenges and threats that exist at the present stage. Аrticle’s main body. The author emphasizes that research career instability is a widespread phenomenon that has become a major problem of science policy not only in Europe. The article outlines various ways in which countries are trying to address the problem of research career instability, which include generalizing lessons learned and formulating general policy recommendations. For each recommendation, there are a number of policy options that are more or less appropriate in the respective national or institutional contexts. As one of the key activities of civil society institutions, volunteer activities are increasingly spreading to various spheres of society. There is an increase in cooperation with state authorities, local governments, and other organizations and institutions, including scientific ones. In this context, volunteering can significantly stimulate the development of scientific activities, as researchers often face labor-intensive tasks that require a lot of time and effort, and volunteers, by sharing routine work, free up researchers for more complex and creative tasks, which leads to accelerated scientific progress. There are many examples of volunteer activities in the research field. Among the main ones: Assistance in data collection (volunteers can help collect data for research projects, conduct surveys, develop software, code data, observe certain phenomena, collect samples, etc;) Knowledge dissemination (volunteers with different backgrounds, skills and knowledge can bring new perspectives to research projects, which in turn can help scientists look at a problem from different angles, find new solutions and avoid bias); Research (within the framework of the legislation of a particular country, volunteers can participate in research, for example, in conducting laboratory experiments or analyzing data); Fundraising for research (volunteer organizations can organize fundraising campaigns to support research projects); Teaching (volunteers can disseminate knowledge about science and research through lectures and workshops, i.e., teaching and coaching, scientific consulting, etc.) It is also important to note that volunteering can help reduce research costs, as it allows for more research to be conducted with limited resources, which is especially important for many projects. Fundraising is becoming an increasingly important tool for the development and support of research activities in Ukraine. Given the limited state funding, raising funds from other sources is becoming a key factor in ensuring the competitiveness of Ukrainian science. Conclusions and prospects for the development. In view of the above, we can conclude that joint efforts by the scientific community, society as a whole, the state and the private sector are needed to address all the problems outlined. Only through coordinated work will it be possible to ensure the sustainable development of science and research in Europe and around the world. Overcoming research career instability is a complex task that requires comprehensive and systematic measures.

ON THE NECESSITY OF ADOPTING THE NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR OVERCOMING THE EDUCATIONAL LOSSES AND EDUCATIONAL GAPS IN HIGHER EDUCATION

The article presents the problems of overcoming of educational losses through the prism of normative regulation and planning of the post-war development of higher education in Ukraine. It is noted that in the conditions of hostilities, the problem of moving a significant number of participants of educational process to safer regions within Ukraine and abroad has become urgent. It is noted that the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine provides regulatory and legal support for the functioning of education and science system and issues orders on the securement of safe educational environment, the organization of education, the educational process, etc., which are not regulated by law during martial law, emergency or state of emergency (special period). The article proposes the development of the National Program for Overcoming the Educational Losses and Educational Gaps, which will be effective both during the period of martial law (special period) and after its end and will provide for the improvement of legislation, the definition of the terms “educational losses” and “educational gaps”, will establish the obligation of monitoring the quality of higher education, analysis and introduction of security components for higher education, in particular in the field of distance learning and components of psychological assistance for students, teachers and staff.

Historical Landmarks of Congresses of All-Ukrainian Public Organization “Scientific Society of Anatomists, Histologists, Embryologists and Topographic Anatomists of Ukraine”

The Scientific Society of Anatomists, Histologists, Embryologists and Topographic Anatomists of Ukraine - is a public organization whose activity is aimed at the formation of conditions for revealing the scientific and creative potential of morphologists in Ukraine; at the development of the research work; at the development of innovative activity; and at the creation of a society website. This article aims to highlight the historical aspects of the formation and development of the society since Ukraine gained independence and up to nowadays, to focus attention on the famous Ukrainian scientists having managed the society and made significant efforts to develop morphology in Ukraine and in the whole world.

CRISIS MANAGEMENT OF AN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION IN CONDITIONS OF MARTIAL LAW

The article reveals the peculiarities of crisis management of educational institutions in conditions of martial law. The current state of functioning of educational institutions in Ukraine is analyzed. The problems of educational institutions that have arisen as a result of Russia's armed aggression against Ukraine are outlined. An analysis of the research of Ukrainian scientists on the problems of crisis management of educational institutions in wartime is carried out. The essence of the concept of "crisis" is revealed, the causes, factors, symptomatic indicators and consequences of the social crisis in Ukraine are determined. The purpose of anti- crisis management of an educational organization and the peculiarities of performing the main management functions (planning, organization, motivation, control) in the context of the crisis associated with military operations on the territory of Ukraine are outlined. The ways to ensure the results of the educational institution's activities in the context of crisis in the context of systemic and crisis management are revealed. An algorithm for creating an anti-crisis management plan for an educational institution is proposed. Examples of the use of tools for analyzing the impact of environmental factors on the activities of an educational institution, projecting potential risks and threats are given. An indicative list of tasks of the crisis management team of an educational institution is presented. Attention is focused on the importance of the psycho-emotional state of teachers and support staff and the main tasks of the manager to maintain the microclimate in the team during the war.

Social structure of Ukrainian society under the influence of full-scale war: conceptual and empirical research

This research is devoted to analyzing the changes that took place in the social-group structure of Ukrainian society during a year and a half of full-scale war. In order to realize this goal, firstly, the author considers the experience and conceptual foundations of the study of the relationship between war and social structure in Western and Ukrainian science and proposes a concept of the impact of total war on the social structure of a society that resists external aggression. Secondly, several preconditions of social-group dynamics were clarified — both destructive (due to which Ukraine quickly acquired characteristic features of the social structure during the martial law), and constructive (which contributed to the reproduction of pre-war social positions of citizens and a high degree of stability of the social system in general). Thirdly, the dynamics of the distribution of social groups and classes was analyzed every six months of the war based on various open official sources and the data of sociological surveys (in particular, the project “Social Inequality: Wartime Monitoring”, which was initiated by the researchers of the Department of Social Structures of the Institute of Sociology, NAS of Ukraine). The author proves that during the year and a half of the full-scale war, significant (both objective and subjective) socio-structural changes took place among the economically active population, though not linear ones, but with certain fluctuations (a rapid and significant transformation in the first six months and a movement towards gradual recovery over the next year). In particular, a significant (three-fold) increase in two groups (members of the armed forces and the unemployed), which were outside economic activity and accounted for almost a third of the working-age population in September 2022, and a quarter — a year later. The most noticeable changes among the employed population were the reduction in the number and restructuring of the working class and the class of owners, including the oligarchs. Fourthly, the author makes a forecast of further social-group dynamics under favorable and unfavorable developments: how will the quantitative distribution and internal structure of the main classes and groups change, as well as the social structure of the country in general.

CHALLENGES FOR UNIVERSITIES TO ONLINE TECHNOLOGIES IMPLEMENTATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR IN UKRAINE

The experience of online education in Ukraine during wartime is unique. After the Russian-Ukrainian war beginning, in a month of so-called "holidays", in spring 2022, from April, 1, by the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and the rectors' orders of universities, online education started. The classes were online, and it was difficult to overcome the war stress, but the experience of the pandemic taught everyone to work with online technologies such as Zoom, Meet, and Google Classroom. Teaching students online was carried out as online as offline with the university platforms like Moodle and others for offline learning, they contained all educational materials from the previous two years of the pandemic, tasks, quizzes, and tests. The purpose of the research is to identify pedagogical, psychological, and technical challenges for teaching university students during the war in Ukraine with the survey method. The survey was conducted online with 65 university lecturers and 122 students from 5 universities in Kharkiv, Ukraine. The pedagogical, psychological, and technical difficulties were analyzed. The questions were aimed at studying such aspects as 1) pedagogical and psychological difficulties: the teachers/students' readiness for online teaching/learning, 2) pedagogical difficulties: the procedures of online teaching/learning and technologies, in particular, methods, forms, means of giving/mastering knowledge, 3) psychological and technical difficulties faced both by teachers and students. The results are as follows. The acquired teaching and learning experience with online technologies helped to establish online education in wartime positively in general. The main pedagogical difficulties were overcome with basic methods (online and offline), teaching forms such as lectures, seminars, and practical classes online, and offline, and, finally, different tools/means/platforms (video/audio recordings, corresponding emails, social networks, Moodle platform, etc.). The psychological state of both teachers and students in the circumstances of online education was also examined. The most common psychological difficulties with online learning were connected with external ones as constant shelling, and air alarms as with internal ones as stress, anxiety, worries, depression, burnout, sadness, and frustration. The technical difficulties were connected to blackouts, lack of Internet connection, power outages, evacuation, changes in living and working conditions, relocations, and the impossibility of using laboratory equipment. The conclusion is despite all online difficulties, the quality of teaching did not change significantly, thanks to the clear understanding that it is a necessity to teach and learn online.

The role of the service sector in the development of entrepreneurship in the countryside

The article highlights the role of the service sector in the development of entrepreneurship in rural areas. An analysis of the works of Ukrainian scientists dedicated to the development of the service sector in Ukraine, as well as the development of entrepreneurship in the countryside, was carried out. A number of methods that were used in this study are highlighted. It is indicated that entrepreneurial activity in rural areas consists of both traditional entrepreneurship in the production and sale of agricultural products, and in less traditional types of business, in particular, entrepreneurship in the provision of services. The types of services provided in rural areas are highlighted and graphically displayed, in particular, the authors note that there are three groups of such services. Since state organizations are responsible for the provision of social services to rural residents, the authors focused their attention on service provision activities carried out on a commercial basis. It is indicated that a significant share in the provision of services in the village is occupied by sellers of production agricultural services, in particular services in crop production. It is noted that the majority of buyers of production agricultural services are households, as they do not have the resources to purchase all types of agricultural machinery. It is noted that the main providers of production agricultural services are natural persons-entrepreneurs and officially unregistered sellers of such services. It is indicated that other services, the provision of which can become a form of entrepreneurial activity in the village, are household services, in particular, services for repairing clothes, shoes, appliances, transport services, hairdressing services, etc. In addition, it is said that the opening of catering establishments and the provision of tourist services can also exist in rural areas as a form of entrepreneurship. The problem of the lack of adequate statistical information on the activity of entrepreneurial structures in the field of rural services has been established. It is proposed to implement and actively promote the development of alternative types of entrepreneurship in the provision of services in the countryside, in particular, to open small businesses for the provision of household services, as well as touristic services.

Strategic imperatives of the management of organizations in the conditions of global risks and crisis phenomena

Any economy functions under global influence and internal contradictions; it must be balanced to meet people's basic needs, a healthy natural environment, social infrastructure, and awareness of the needs of the existing state of the institutional environment. Strategic imperatives build an environment of strategic priorities, which is formed for each enterprise, industry, and economy of the country. They are an essential condition for development and the transformation of the institutional environment of the economy. The article is devoted to considering the development and implementation of the strategic imperatives of the organization's management in the conditions of global risks and crisis phenomena. The essence of the concepts "Imperatives" and "Imperative management strategies" is revealed. The scientific opinions of foreign and Ukrainian scientists regarding the development and importance of strategic imperatives in the management of the organization, in particular during global risks and crisis phenomena, are highlighted. The possible strategic imperatives during crises of the organization are characterized, and the views of foreign scientists regarding the principles that must be followed when making strategic decisions during internal and external crises are described. Business research on management disclosure demonstrates significant results in dealing with business failures, deteriorating financial performance, personnel management, and failures in communications with suppliers and government agencies during local and global crises. In particular, it has been proven that strategic imperatives will allow generating new and adoption of existing business models that significantly affect modern social and economic processes as a result of the transformation and digitalization of business activity and are currently necessary given military operations and rapid changes in the business environment and operating conditions of organizations in towards the actualization of social and environmental trends. Keywords: strategic imperatives, imperative strategies, global risks, crisis phenomena, strategic management in management.

The Issue of Teaching Religious Studies in Ukrainian Educational Institutions. Relevance of Implementing Ideological Principles in Schools in Post-War Ukraine and Global Practices

The article explores the issue of teaching religious studies in Ukrainian educational institutions, identifying practical and ideological expediency for introducing subjects of moral and spiritual orientation in state schools.
 It has been emphasized that after the declaration of Ukraine’s independence, laws on religious freedom, as a subjective legal right, and religious organizations, as instruments and systems for meeting religious needs, occupied a significant place. Additionally, the primary laws, subordinate acts, and decrees ensuring the right to freedom of religion in Ukraine were analyzed, along with normative-legal documents serving as a legal mechanism to meet citizens’ educational needs.
 It has been noted that Article 53 of the Constitution of Ukraine not only guarantees the right to education but also establishes the compulsory nature of full general secondary education. Moreover, according to the laws of Ukraine, a policy of clear secularization of the school and church is in effect.
 It has been noted that the state recognition of diplomas and authorization for religious organizations to establish educational institutions where both secular and religious disciplines will be taught fully comply with the requirements of international law.
 An analysis of statistical data on existing religious organizations has been conducted, and based on this, the dominant Abrahamic religion, which qualitatively prevails in Ukraine today, has been identified. The operating principles of private schools with various religious orientations accredited by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, issuing state-approved educational documents, have been noted.
 Examples of the presence or secularization of indigenous religions, churches, or philosophical- ideological trends in schools of certain countries have been provided, and their impact on society has been analyzed.
 An analysis of the development of the interaction between the state and the church in educational processes in public schools in Ukraine has been conducted. It is emphasized that the agreement on cooperation between the Ministry of Education and the All-Ukrainian Council of Churches and Religious Organizations can be considered a guide for the interaction between the state and the church. Unfortunately, as of today, there is no regulatory mechanism developed to regulate and formalize the intentions laid out in the agreement.
 Conclusions have been drawn that the Ministry of Education, in collaboration with representatives of the churches, should develop a course of spiritual and moral direction and introduce a subject on the history and philosophy of Ukrainian spirituality. Such a course should serve as the foundation for shaping the fundamentals of civic consciousness and be based on the principles of tolerance, pluralism, democracy, self-respect, and self-improvement, with a mandatory emphasis on defining one’s own national-historical and cultural identity for the sake of spiritual revival and the growth of Ukraine.

Nickel Hydroxides: Requirements, Targeted Construction and Choice of Characteristics and Industrially Applicable Synthesis for Targeted Use in Electrochemical Devices

AbstractNickel hydroxides (monohydroxides of several modifications and layered double hydroxides, based on nickel hydroxide) have high electrochemical, electrochromic, and electrocatalytic properties that allow them to be effectively used as an active substance in alkaline batteries, hybrid supercapacitors, electrochemical sensors, for electrocatalytic oxidation of organic substances and as an electrochromic device. Each application has its specific requirements for nickel hydroxides which must be defined. For an effective application, it is necessary to carry out a targeted construction of structure and composition, and selection of characteristics of nickel hydroxides and to develop targeted methods and conditions for nickel hydroxide synthesis. The structure, properties, and methods of preparation for use in various fields of nickel hydroxide application have been considered from the targeted ternary points of view: requirements definition, types and characteristics selection, and applying the synthesis method in industry. The 3‐level hierarchical complex of mechanisms for the formation of nickel hydroxides has been described. Also, the contribution of Ukrainian scientists to research in the field of nickel hydroxides is considered.

Іmplementation of the constitutional right to education in the conditions of the legal regime of martial state

The article analyze s the specifics of the implementation of the constitutional right to education in the conditions of the legal regime of martial law. The priorities of the activities of educational institutions in the conditions of armed aggression are defined. It is noted that the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine must ensure a balance between safety and the essential quality of education. It is emphasized that the challenge for the education system is the need to ensure international standards in this area and certain priorities regarding the implementation of the constitutional right to education, in particular, equal access to education; comprehensive support of employees and education seekers, who defend our country with weapons in their hands; guaranteeing safe learning and working conditions for all participants in the educational process; ensuring sustainability of education, in particular for those students who, due to full-scale military aggression, are abroad, are in temporarily occupied territories or are internally displaced persons.
 The peculiarities of the implementation of preschool, general secondary, professional (vocational), professional pre-higher and higher education in the context of the implementation of the constitutional right to education and the implementation of the provisions of Article 53 of the Constitution of Ukraine in the conditions of the legal regime of martial law are characterized.
 The problems of education during the period of the legal regime of martial law are defined and the need to continue to take as many measures as possible to ensure the constitutional right to education is emphasized, since education is extremely important for the development of humanity and the future of the state directly depends on the level of development, abilities, talents, culture and consciousness of future generations.

Review of the monograph E.M. Smychka "Judicial doctrines in tax law"

Monograph by E.M. The book "Judicial Doctrines in Tax Law" published by Pravo publishing house in 2023 caught my attention with its title - not much has been written about judicial doctrines in Ukraine, and recently they are in trend. Moreover, the doctrinal vision of this or that legal institution, as it happened historically, changed and what we currently have is a very important aspect of the study of all legal phenomena. It is not for nothing that a large army of Ukrainian scientists pay attention to this, who have gathered on various topics and offer a common view of doctrines in civil, tax, criminal and other fields of law on the pages of the magazine "Law of Ukraine".

Freedom of Religion or Belief as a Legal Value in Contemporary Discourses on Human Rights

The article examines understudied dimensions of the interpretation of human rights in Ukrainian science, highlighting their key role in shaping the contemporary objectives and orientations for the right to freedom of religion or belief. This work reveals the main provisions regarding the definition and legal safeguarding of religious freedom in each of the modern approaches to the interpretation of human rights: the Sustainable Development Goals, the capability approach, decolonialism and the feminist approach.Along with the classical framework of international human rights law, these approaches broaden the spectrum of perspectives on realizing the right to freedom of religion or belief. The Sustainable Development Goals consider religious freedom in terms of achieving the well-being of present and future generations and leaving no one behind. The capability approach complements the formal definition of the right to religious freedom, with the individual’s actual ability to exercise such a right. Decolonial and feminist studies provide a thorough critique of established notions of law, deconstructing and reconstructing them through analysis of the rights and needs of women, indigenous peoples, and other marginalized groups.Despite individual features in the interpretation of legal and social phenomena, all approaches (sustainable development, the capability approach, decolonialism, feminism and anti-discrimination) share one common characteristic: they offer an alternative point of view on the established relationships that exist in specific societies. The feminist approach, for example, is closely intertwined with the approach of decolonialism. In particular, in the case of wearing religious clothing, the choice of whether or not to wear such attire should be left to the women who are required to wear it, not to human rights defenders or arbitrators from other countries or institutions who can decide for the women that wearing religious clothing violates their rights.This research focuses on human rights, particularly freedom of religion, which is partly perceived through the Western, European-American vision of human rights. On the contrary, the abovementioned critical approaches present a new vision of established international legal provisions. It should be emphasized that critical does not mean negative. Through such critical thinking, the law has an opportunity to evolve and become more attuned to specific concepts or ideas. The view from within a particular societal group allows to provide a more objective understanding and interpretation of the human right to freedom of religion or belief.

Ukrainian Legal Mentality: Approaches to the Definition

This article explores and comments on various methodological approaches to defining “legal mentalitet” and “legal mentality.” While these two terms are common in Ukrainian science, English-speaking countries exclusively use the term “mentality,” omitting “mentalitet.” Although the precise reasons for this discrepancy are unclear, the article establishes that the two terms share a close relationship in their nature.The article analyzes the ways and timeframes involved in the formation of legal mentality and examines the reasons for the lack of unity in legal science regarding the definition of legal mentality. The primary reason identified for this lack of unity is the examination of the phenomenon by scientists from different branches of science, each with distinct understandings of the concept.The article argues for the existence of the concept of Ukrainian legal mentality as a distinct group phenomenon with an exceptionally lengthy formation period. It also provides a definition of this concept, summarizing it as the internal subconscious attitude of the entire historical Ukrainian community toward the law and its corresponding impact on the implementation of legal behavior.Further, the article discusses the main differences between legal awareness and legal mentality. The author notes that while legal awareness and legal mentality are related in nature, they differ in the time required for formation, the ways they manifest, and the functions they perform in the human brain, virtually acting as legal consciousness and legal subconsciousness.In conclusion, the article emphasizes the importance of considering legal mentality during the lawmaking process. The author highlights that the constant disregard for Ukrainian legal mentality by lawmakers adversely affects the effectiveness of any legal initiative. As an illustrative example, the low vaccination rates in Ukraine are cited to demonstrate how the neglect of legal mentality during the lawmaking process can be not only ineffective but also dangerous.

Cultural Orientations of the Politics of Education in Ukraine (2010–2013): Ideology Strikes Back

In this article, the author has analysed educational reforms and educational policy in general, which was implemented in Ukraine during the presidency of Viktor Yanukovych. A few political cases were analysed, in particular the opposition of the National University of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy” to the educational trends implemented by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine under the leadership of Dmytro Tabachnyk. The manifestations of colonial policy in Ukrainian education, which were aimed at the rapprochement of Ukraine and Russia and the positioning of Ukraine as a colonial part of the imperial body, have been outlined. It has been discussed in what implicit way the colonial strategy was implemented in the educational reforms in Ukraine, in particular in the aspect of teaching humanitarian disciplines, e.g. Ukrainian literature. Forms of possible resistance to colonial strategies in the educational field, the principles of overcoming imperial pressure and intensifying the narrative of resistance, which made it possible to avoid further splitting of the Ukrainian identity in the imperial body, have been analysed. The legislative activity, which was focused on strengthening the status of the Russian language as a regional language, has been outlined. Linguistic colonial approaches at the level of legislative initiatives in language policy have been spotlighted, in particular in the Kivalov-Kolesnichenko Law.

PEACEMAKING AS A COMPONENT NATIONAL PATRIOTIC EDUCATION IN UKRAINE

Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The study of the phenomenon of national-patriotic edu-cation is a cross-cutting line in the work of prominent Ukrainian artists: Lesya Ukrainka, M. Drahomanov, I. Franko, D. Chyzhevskyi, T. Shevchenko. At the current stage, the theoretical and methodological foundations in the study of this phenomenon are determined by the works of such Ukrainian scientists as: I. Bekh, Yu. Ivchenko, I. Kuchynska, and others. The issue of ethno-national specifics of civic and patriotic education has been widely discussed among modern Ukrainian philosophers, in particular, the works of E. Bystrytskyi, I. Bychko, M. Popovych, S. Proleev, O. Bily, R. Zymovets, and others. However, myth-making as a significant component of national-patriotic education requires separate theoretical investiga-tions. The statement of basic materials. In all historical times, wars and armed conflicts have forced humanity to review the basic foundations of human and ethno-national existence, exacerbating the problem of finding one's own identity and relevant programs for optimizing patriotic and civic education. The experience of our people's long-term resistance in modern wars is evidence of love for the Motherland, developed effective patriotism among broad sections of the population, as well as the great peacemaking potential of Ukrainians, which crystallized over the centuries in the national self-consciousness of our ancestors and how the greatest treasure was carefully handed down to descendants. Thus, identity includes common values, customs, history, and language that define a community. This component is not material, it connects us together and fosters a sense of belonging and unity. at all times, Ukraine always followed the path of relying on its own forces, and this spirit was supported by their love of peace, because it was only through negotiations and treaties that one could form its state. worldview bipolarity and dissimilarity between the mentality of the modern Ukrainian people and the Russian one was formed under the influence of significant social, cultural and historical factors that testify to the authenticity of the “spirit” of Ukrainians. The Ukrainian people were formed more under the influence of freedoms, as opposed to the imperial encroachments of the conquerors. By liberties, we understand the Cossacks, and this is the right of the common people to choose a hetman, unlike the empire, where there were no elections at all. To form a state in the 17th century. was not an easy option, because there were many empires nearby. Only the principles of peacemaking helped to form a state in Europe, a free person is the highest value and therefore this value must be protected, because peace is not the absence of conflicts, but the ability to cope with conflicts in peaceful ways.

On the Contribution of Bishop Sofron Mudryi to the Development of Theological Education and Science of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church

The purpose of the article is to highlight the personal contribution of Bishop Sofron the Wise to the formation and development of theological education and science institutions during the period of revival and active development of the structures of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in independent Ukraine. Research methodology: involves the use of the biographical method to reveal the main stages of the life of Bishop Sofron Mudryi, as well as the method of structural and functional analysis to describe the processes of formation of both individual institutions and the integral system of theological education and science of the UGCC in Ukraine. The scientific novelty is that, based on the analysis of the latest research by national historians, the significant role of Bishop Sofron Mudryi in the process of restoring and developing theological education institutions of the UGCC in Ivano-Frankivsk, in the process of establishing the synodal program of theological education of the UGCC, and in the formation of the human resources of the UGCC through the training of specialists in various fields of theological science in Ukraine and abroad is substantiated.

Life is like a reservoir into which a scientist who is completely devoted to his work plunges

The article is devoted to the description of the pages of the life and scientific activity of the outstanding Ukrainian scientist N. I. Zagubizhenko, who made a great contribution to the formation of the theoretical base on the enrichment of natural and artificial water bodies with fodder resources in the conditions of the Steppe zone of Ukraine. Being a student of the doctor of biological sciences, professor P. O. Zhuravel [1,2], who believed that the enrichment of the benthic fauna of the Steppe zone of Ukraine can be carried out by introducing animal organisms that are absent in these reservoirs, which are characterized by wide plasticity and high vitality [9,12,15], Nadezhda Ivanovna Zagubizhenko was engaged in the study of the reconstruction of the benthic fauna of the reservoirs of southeastern Ukraine. In connection with the instability of the fodder base of water bodies in the Steppe zone of Ukraine, the question of the introduction of representatives of the estuarine fauna, their habituation and inclusion in the food rations of a number of commercial fish was and remains relevant in the current period of time. According to the nature of nutrition, most acclimatizers are biofilters [9], for which there is a sufficient amount of food in the form of detritus, the remains of higher aquatic vegetation, in most reservoirs of the Steppe zone of Ukraine. The conduct and substantiation of these research works were of a positive nature and have a significant contribution to the scientific base, theory, and practice of enriching water bodies with fodder resources and preserving the environment. The quality of water at all times has been and is one of the main indicators of the standard of living, therefore, all developed societies make every effort to provide the population and economy with a sufficient amount of water of a quality that is adequate to the requirements of the consumer. Most of the water comes from natural sources – rivers, lakes, reservoirs, the water quality of which must not only be assessed, but also predicted. Two main components are responsible for the quality of water in nature – the catchment basin and the ecological system of the water body [6, p. 36]. Each of them is located in certain conditions of geography and climate, characteristic of the region under study, in our research – the Steppe zone of Ukraine.

ІНФОРМАЦІЙНІ АСПЕКТИ ПОРІВНЯЛЬНОГО АНАЛІЗУ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ КОШТІВ У СФЕРІ ФАХОВОЇ ПЕРЕДВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ

This article presents a comparative analysis of the financial support of professional non-tertiary education institutions (PNTEIs) managed by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (MESU) during the armed aggression of the russian federation. To achieve the research objective, the authors systematised and summarised financial and economic reporting data submitted quarterly to the State Scientific Institution "Institute of Educational Analytics". The data was analysed at the level of PNTEIs, regions, and the MESU system as a whole. The public funds for the budget programme "Training of personnel by professional non-tertiary education institutions" are presented at the PNTEI level, regionally, as well as for the MESU system. In the course of the study, the methods of systematic data generalisation; statistical and comparative analysis; graphical and tabular methods, etc. were used. The main indicators, including the number of PNTEIs, students, teaching and research staff, administrative and support staff, labour costs, and scholarships, were analysed in the regional context. The average monthly salary of pedagogical and non-pedagogical employees, as well as the average annual cost of training one student of professional non-tertiary education, is calculated. It is proved that in the conditions of insufficient funding from the state budget, it is necessary to raise funds from other sources with mandatory compliance with the principles of transparency and efficiency of their use. The focus is on developing a comprehensive system to optimise the costs from general and special funds, ensuring high-quality training for specialists in professional non-tertiary education.