Sciences Of Ukraine Research Articles

Teaching Philosophy at Kharkiv University in the 19th — Early 20th Century (according to students’ recollections)

The article highlights the peculiarities of teaching philosophy at Kharkiv University in the 19th and early 20th according to students’ recollections. Gaining this historical experience will contribute to solving the urgent problems of optimising humanities courses in higher education today. It is found out that Kharkiv University became the centre of development of philosophical science in Ukraine. Through the efforts of public figures, it was possible to invite Johann Schad, a graduate of the German school, to become a professor of the newly created Department of Speculative and Practical Philosophy. His efforts to develop the department and the progressive views of the academic staff alarmed the authorities resulting in the formation of a faculty subservient to the regime, decrease in the level of teaching of philosophical disciplines, and subsequently, the dissolution of the Department of Philosophy. The main emphasis in the professional training of students is placed on historical disciplines, primarily the study of Russian history. It was only in the 1870s that Kharkiv University was able to provide its students with a proper philosophical education. The analysis of students’ recollections of the institution shows the popularity of philosophy courses and the respect of students for the teaching staff. At the beginning of the twentieth century, with the permission of the government, student clubs were established. Unfortunately, the level of popularity of philosophical circles was low due to the chauvinistic views of their leaders. Nevertheless, it was found that thanks to the efforts of the academic staff of Kharkiv University, Ukrainian philosophical thought is being formed and popularised abroad.

GENDER INEQUALITY OF WOMEN IN EDUCATION OR WHY WOMEN ARE UNDERREPRESENTED IN LEADERSHIP POSITIONS?

The article is devoted to one of the main and topical problems of gender studies, namely, gender inequality of women in education when occupying senior management positions. The following categories are understood by the researchers as management positions in higher education institutions: rector, vice-rectors, president, head or director, who acts within the limits of their powers. Despite the fact that education is one of the most feminized branches of Ukrainian society, the heads of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine according to the Soviet tradition were (with a rare exception to the rule) men. The author analyzes gender differences in the distribution of power in the best higher education institutions of Ukraine according to the consolidated rating. Special attention is paid to the state of gender equality in leadership positions at the Borys Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University. The author believes that one of the main tasks of gender is to find out the factors that prevent women from being active and being elected to leadership positions in institutions of higher education. The author believes that one of the main tasks of gender is to find out the factors that prevent women from being active and being elected to leadership positions in institutions of higher education. The article analyzes the scientific literature, in which the following factors are divided into «availability of offers» and «availability of demand»: «availability of offers» includes the potential readiness of women to occupy management positions in higher education institutions; «availability of demand» includes prejudices of educators regarding the leadership of women in the educational sphere, and in institutions of higher education in particular. The author examines the Gender Equality Index of the World Economic Forum, which contains four dimensions related to the subject of the study: economic opportunities for women in leadership positions; the level of women’s education and its quality; the state of women’s health and the possibility of its recovery; the degree of representation of women in leadership positions in the country. The article proposes ways to solve the situation regarding gender inequality of women in leadership positions in higher education institutions of Ukraine. As a way to improve the state of gender inequality of women in leadership positions in higher education institutions of Ukraine, it is proposed to conduct trainings or shortened courses on gender studies for students, teachers, scientists, senior managers of higher education institutions, which will help women believe in themselves, and the management of higher education institutions recognize the possibility of women’s leadership. In the future, it is planned to continue the development of this topic thanks to the analysis of the state of gender equality of women in the management positions of higher education institutions in the European educational environment and its comparison with the Ukrainian one, as well as the search for positive experience and ways to overcome the existing situation.

РЕГУЛЯТОРНІ РЕАЛІЇЇ ОСУЧАСНЕННЯ МІЖДИСЦИПЛІНАРНИХ ЗВ’ЯЗКІВ У СИСТЕМІ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ ПРИ НАБУТТІ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ОСВІТИ В ГАЛУЗЕВИХ ЗВО

In Ukraine, as part of the implementation of the higher education system, the training of students in higher education institutions is carried out on the basis of the List of Fields of Knowledge and Specialties in which university students are trained. This document is a framework regulatory document and over time has been amended and supplemented in response to the current challenges of the modern higher education system. Currently, the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine has prepared for public discussion a draft resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine “On Approval of the List of Fields of Knowledge and Specialties for Training of Higher Education Students”. The structure and number of the fields of knowledge and specialties is close to the list of fields of the International Standard Classification of Education; and the document is another step towards the transition to common statistical standards and classification systems to harmonize and ensure the comparability of government statistics with such international standards and recommendations as the UN international standard classification systems. The article analyzes the regulatory elements of the modernization of interdisciplinary relations in the system of higher education using the example of economic education in industry-specific higher education institutions by means of a comparative analysis. The article is based on the interdisciplinary links of economic subjects with the philosophy and humanities and special technical subjects taught in industry-specific universities. In the context of this direction, the author’s view on the interdisciplinary relations of disciplines in educational and professional programs as a certain meaningful scientific environment, in the context of “smaller” and “wider” philosophical circles in terms of the actual state and with the aim of assessing further progressive development based on the potential state, is represented. The author's view of interdisciplinary relations through the philosophical circles of the scientific environment became the basis for the introduction of the idea of for mathematical calculations of quantitative and qualitative assessments of the level of interdisciplinarity using such mathematical apparatus as a Venn diagram, and using a Euler’s circle for the visual representation of certain interdisciplinary relations. Based on the results of the calculations and a developed actual model of interdisciplinary relations in the educational and professional program, it is proposed to further compare the model with the reference standard of the balanced model of the interdisciplinarity system in the process of meaningful construction of the educational program in the specialty as a scientific environment.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ТА НАУКОВО-МЕТОДИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ТРУДОВИХ РЕСУРСІВ В УМОВАХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНОЇ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ УКРАЇНИ

Under the influence of the digital economy, which is formed as a result of the development of digital technologies and the strengthening of the processes of using remote forms of employment, the transformation of the labor market is taking place. Thus, the digital economy is actively developing around the world, every year covering an increasing number of countries and changing traditional forms of production, consumption and employment. These changes require the formation of fundamentally new skills and competencies in people, which are important for the creation, distribution and use of digital technologies both in everyday life and in work. Taking into account the above, the study determined the trends of the spread of digital transformation processes in the world. The place of digitalization in the process of digital transformation has been established. The trends of digitization of Ukraine have been determined. Study of the procedure for the formation of the Ministry of Digital Transformation of Ukraine and the main purpose of its creation. Conclusions were made that the concept of measuring the level of digital transformation is quite new. The Digital Transformation Index of Ukraine's regions, the purpose of its development, and the procedure for calculation were analyzed. The main components of the index are illustrated. The level of digital transformation of the regions of Ukraine based on the results of 2022–2023 was studied. Areas with the highest and lowest levels are determined. The trends of the Index's value change against the background of a full-scale war are substantiated. The functions of the main state bodies responsible for the process of developing digital skills among citizens are grouped. It has been established that there are no strategic documents regarding a comprehensive system for the development of citizens' digital skills and competencies. The possibilities provided on the basis of the Diya application have been analyzed. Digital education. A number of initiatives aimed at increasing the level of digital competences of citizens, businesses, and employees with the support of the Ministry of Digital Transformation, Facebook, the Ukrainian Startup Fund, the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, the Civil Union "Global Compact Network in Ukraine", the State Employment Center, the Association "IT Ukraine" and others.

СТРАТЕГІЇ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ БІЗНЕС-СТРУКТУР: УМОВИ ВИБОРУ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ

The article is devoted to definition of the innovative strategies chosen by the Ukrainian business structures, and features of their realization. Topicality of the conducted research stems from the necessity of innovative development of the domestic enterprises, which is impossible without the correctly chosen strategy. The aim of the article was to determine the strategies that promote the innovative development of domestic business structures, the conditions of their choice and features of their implementation. In order to achieve the purpose the state of innovation activity of Ukrainian enterprises was analyzed in the course of the research and it was determined what strategies of innovative development are chosen in unstable political and economic conditions. n the course of the study, general scientific methods such as analysis, synthesis, induction, analogy and deduction were applied. According to the results of the analysis it was determined that Ukrainian enterprises need a competent innovation policy, which is impossible without a properly chosen strategy for innovation development. The level of competitiveness and financial stability in a market economy depends on it. At the same time, financing of innovation activities in the majority of domestic business structures is at a rather steep level. This is evidenced by the survey of business representatives on innovation activities and the most pressing R&D needs conducted by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and the Ministry of Economic, Trade and Agricultural Development of Ukraine in 2020. According to it, funding of own and support of external R&D and other innovation activities is low. Out of the large choice of innovation strategies, Ukrainian business structures are more likely to choose organisational change strategies, marketing strategies, product strategies and information strategies, i.e. those that need little investment. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the results obtained by Ukrainian business structures implementing innovations to produce new types of higher quality products at lower costs.

Development of education and science in Ukraine : national priorities

Development of education and science in Ukraine : national priorities

КОМУНІКАЦІЙНІ СТРАТЕГІЇ В ПУБЛІЧНОМУ УПРАВЛІННІ ТА АДМІНІСТРУВАННІ: УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ КОНТЕКСТ

The article is devoted to the study of communication strategies in public management and administration in modern Ukraine. The concept of "communication strategies" is revealed, their main components and principles of formation are considered. It is noted that the communication strategies of state management and administration bodies contribute to the effectiveness of communication between power structures and society, trust in the authorities, and the consolidation of society. It is proven that public management and administration is a communication process, as it containstypical components of a communicative act. The communication strategies of the state administration reform of Ukraine, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, "Communications strategy in the field of prevention and counteraction of corruption", "Communication strategy on European integration of Ukraine" etc. were analyzed. It was concluded that communication is one of the most important tools for ensuring effective state policy. It is noted that the basis of the communication strategies of public management and administration created in Ukraine are the principles on which the communication policy of the EU is based. Despite the general principles of creating communication strategies and the presence of basic elements, each public management and administration body when creating a communication strategy takes into account its own specificity, values and sphere of interests, and therefore notes its mission, main strategic tasks, analyzes the target audience and selects those resources that will help in the implementation of such a strategy. Attention is also paid to the types of communication strategies described in the scientific literature. A communication strategy can be a presentational, identification, competitive and trust strategy. It is concluded that "pure" types of communication strategies can be singled out as a theoretical concept.

АНАЛІЗ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕНОСТІ ЗАКЛАДІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ НАУКОВО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНИМИ КАДРАМИ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ В УКРАЇНІ

The article provides a comparative analysis of the availability of scientific and pedagogical staff at higher education institutions (HEIs) under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (MESU) in the context of the armed aggression of the russian federation. The purpose of the article is to study the provision of scientific and pedagogical staff in HEIs, which is the most critical component of the education system, as the competitiveness of specialists in the labour market depends on it. The analysis is based on the financial and economic reports of HEIs, which are submitted quarterly to the State Scientific Institution "Institute of Educational Analytics". To achieve this task, the following methods were used: statistical and comparative analysis, systematisation and generalisation of data, graphics, etc. The key indicators analysed for the groups of HEIs included: the number of HEIs, the number of students, the average annual adjusted number of students, the number of positions for scientific and pedagogical staff, the total number of postgraduate and doctoral students, the number of postgraduate and doctoral students who defended their dissertations. The results of the analysis show that, despite the decline in the number of HEIs and the number of full-time equivalent scientific-pedagogical (pedagogical) staff, the adjusted annual average number of students is increasing. There is also a slow increase in the number of postgraduate and doctoral students studying with state funding. However, this growth is rather slow. Such dynamics indicate a lack of motivation among scientific and pedagogical staff to improve their qualifications. The number of doctoral students who have defended their dissertations has fallen significantly and is now a quarter of the pre-war level. This is due to serious obstacles, such as difficulties in accessing resources, changes in the organisation of the educational process and general problems caused by the war.

Historian Theodore Matskiv in His Memoirs and Correspondence

The article presents the memoirs of Father Yuri Mytsik about the emigrant from Galicia, the renowned emigrant historian and researcher of early modern Ukrainian history, Theodore Matskiv (1918–2011). The publication’s objective is to portray the persona of a representative from the older generation of Ukrainian scholars in the diaspora through sources of personal origin — memoirs about him and his letters to the author of the memoirs. The memoirs and correspondence shed light on Matskiv’s life journey, scholarly and civic activities, his historical perspectives, assessments of past and contemporary events. In Matskiv’s memoirs, he emerges in everyday life. Concurrently, the author draws attention to the peculiarities of the scientist’s communication with a colleague from Ukraine. Matskiv’s impressions of the atmosphere within the Dnipropetrovsk scientific community in the early years of independence are of interest. The correspondence spans over a decade. The historian’s figure is depicted in letters with a plethora of life details, academic interests, reactions to political life in independent Ukraine. Brief but eloquent characterizations of Ukrainian presidents — Leonid Kravchuk, Leonid Kuchma, Victor Yushchenko — help in understanding how diaspora members perceived these politicians. Also noteworthy is Matskiv’s genuine interest in the research of his Ukrainian colleague. The letters demonstrate the Ukrainian diaspora scientist’s familiarity with the issues of the formation of historical science in Ukraine from the 1990s to the mid-2000s. At the same time, one can observe Matskiv’s research activity even in his advanced age. He discusses his new publications and reissues of already known works with the addressee. The addition of letters to Theodore Matskiv from the author to the main epistolary corpus broadens the context of their long-term communication. The publication of new sources not only deepens the understanding of one of the well-known researchers of early modern Ukrainian history after the post-war emigration wave, but also reproduces the mechanism of communication between historians of the old generation and scientists of independent Ukraine.

ДЕЯКІ МІРКУВАННЯ ПРО НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ ЗАХИСТ ГРОМАДЯНСЬКИХ ПРАВ ЛЮДИНИ

The doctrinal and normative legal definitions of the concept of human civil rights, as well as national guarantees for the provision of civil rights, their types and possible ways of improvement are considered in the article. The authors analyze the concept, legal and philosophical basis of the implementation of human rights in the international and national aspect, relying on the texts of international documents, as well as the scientific research of foreign and Ukrainian scientists in the fields of the theory of the state and law, international law and constitutional law. The authors believe that the concept of human rights and, in particular, human civil rights, has not been unchanged throughout its history, and if at the first stages of its development it was connected with a person's belonging to the state ("citizenship"), it gradually almost lost this connection . An analysis of the modern meaning of the concept of "civil rights" shows that the modern Ukrainian translation of the title of the 1966 Covenant: "International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights" is misleading, ambiguous and does not reflect the essence of the concept of "civil human rights" in international context. There is a possibility that Ukrainian legal science will find another equivalent of the term "civil rights" in the sense of basic human rights. As a possible option, a fairly meaningful replacement option is offered - "fundamental (essential) human rights and freedoms according to P.M. Rabinovych. The authors draw attention to the fact that the concept of national guarantees of ensuring civil rights is not always given by scientists. To them in the broad sense should be attributed state, that is, which belong to this country and concern its people, reflect its character, features and social activity, positively acting conditions and means that ensure their actual implementation. Since the natural rights of a person and a citizen, enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine, are not exhaustive, an important guarantee of the protection of these rights should become a modern understanding of spiritual values. Keywords: civil rights, natural rights, basic civil rights, fundamental (essential) human rights and freedoms, national guarantees of ensuring civil rights.

БЕЗПЕЧНІСТЬ ТА БЕЗБАР’ЄРНІСТЬ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ГОТЕЛЬНОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА МІСТА ЛУЦЬКА В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ

Today, the direction of the socio-economic development of the hospitality industry has changed in Ukraine. In the context of war, there is a growing number of people who need effective solutions in the service sector to improve the provision of inclusive services. Given the growing demand of hospitality establishments among tourists, including people with disabilities, the direction of introducing barrier-free services is becoming relevant. Such solutions will improve the quality and culture of service. The safety and barrier-free enterprises of the hotel industry of the city of Lutsk in the conditions of war are analyzed. An assessment of the results of the questionnaire of signs of safety and barrier-free, which was developed by the Department of Tourism and Promotion of the city of Lutsk, is given. The concept of inclusion and its specifics is analyzed. The problems of signs of physical barrier-free in the field of tourism in regulatory documents are considered. The number of persons with disabilities in the Volyn region from 2019 to 2023 is analyzed. The importance of providing inclusive space for persons with disabilities in Lutsk hotels has been established. Methods of solving problems of enterprises of hotel economy of Lutsk are proposed. The most common problems faced by the hotel sector of the city of Lutsk, as well as proposals for their solution, are investigated. It is proved that the creation of an accessible environment at the enterprises of the hotel industry of the city of Lutsk will allow people of all categories to exercise their rights and fundamental freedoms, for their full participation in the functioning of tourism and ensuring barrier-free. Many Ukrainian scientists are investigating the relevance of improving inclusive services in hotels. As a result of numerous studies, there is a need to improve the organization of services for people with special needs in the field of hospitality. This article states that Lutsk hotel establishments strive for positive changes in the field of inclusion, since this form of interaction between people with special needs and private business best reflects respect, and thereby takes into account their needs and responds to challenges from society caused by the war.

ОЦІНКА ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ УКРАЇНИ В КОНТЕКСТІ СВІТОВИХ РЕЙТИНГІВ

The innovative potential of Ukraine was evaluated in the context of world ratings, in particular according to the Global Innovation Index, the Bloomberg Innovation Index and the Summary Innovation Index. The place of Ukraine among other countries of the world in terms of the level of innovative development has been determined. In the Global Innovation Index in 2021, Ukraine was in 49th place, in the Bloomberg Innovation Index – in 58th place, in the Innovation Index of the Summary Innovation Index – in 34th place. According to the results of the ratings, such countries as Switzerland, USA, Sweden, South Korea, Great Britain, Finland, and Germany occupy the leading positions. The position of Ukraine in international rankings before the full-scale invasion of Russia on the territory of Ukraine indicates a rather unstable competitive position and the absence of an active policy in support of innovative activities and lack of effective mechanisms for introducing innovations and further commercialization. And the war only deepened and exacerbated the existing problems and significantly worsened the image of our state on the international arena in the context of its innovative development. In such difficult conditions, it is already important to use the best world experience and practices of the European Union in the formation of state policy regarding the development of innovations, including finding ways to increase financial support for innovative development from the state. The implementation of effective state regulation through the mechanisms of stimulating and supporting innovations, as the main driving force for increasing competitiveness, establishing cooperation between the state, society and business, creating a favorable institutional environment for the development of science, scientific developments and research should be a priority vector of Ukraine despite all the difficulties associated with war. The creation of human resources support mechanisms, in which Ukrainian scientists could implement their innovative ideas and developments in Ukraine, and not abroad, will also contribute to the increase of innovation potential.

ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ ДИСКУРС ТЕОРЕТИЧНИХ ЗАСАД РОЗУМІННЯ ЦИФРОВОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The article analyzes theoretical scientific approaches of foreign and Ukrainian scientists regarding to the definition of the «digital economy» concept in an economic discourse. It was defined, that the global informatization together with science and technological progress in the field of information and communication technologies, fundamentally influenced on the further formation of the digital economy and the main components, which contribute to its future development. It has been proved, that the digital economy is the next stage of the post-industrial paradigm of the global economy development, because thanks to the science and technological progress more and more everyday operations and business processes take place though to the internet network use. It was emphasized that the digital economy creates digital assets, transforms traditional business processes into digital ones, with which production, logistics, services, sales and advertising are critically depends on a number of information and communication technologies of Industry 4:0. Understanding the theoretical foundations for understanding digital economy is an extremely important element in the research of the digital issues, because all the economic and social advantages that it carries to the country are imperatives for its survival, competitiveness and transparency, which ultimately ensures long-term economic growth and high life standards of the citizens. The basis of the digital economy development in the transformation conditions from the traditional economy are such: forming political will for digital reforms conducting in country, the presence of an appropriate digital infrastructure, the ability to implement information and communication technologies into existing service and manufacturing industries, the affordability in price of IT equipment among the broad masses of the population. The country’s Government policy should be aimed to promoting of the innovative development of its economy, financial support of inventors and high-tech manufacturing with focusing on the intellectual capital while creating a high-level educational and business environment.

Mіжнародний конгрес Європейського респіраторного товариства 2023: Презентація українських здобутків

Abstract. From September 9 to 13, 2023, the hybrid Congress of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) was held in Milan (Italy) for the second time. In 2023, more than 20.000 people attended the Congress, participating both in person and online. The aim: to analyze abstracts of scientific works on pulmonology and phthysiology that were presented by Ukrainian scientists at the ERS International Congress 2023. Materials and methods. The data regarding the abstracts of scientific reports were obtained from the Congress website and the online program of the personal account of an ERS member, doctor of medical sciences, professor Galyna Gumeniuk. Results. Scientists from Ukraine presented 52 scientific reports at the Congress: 45 on pulmonology and 7 on phthisiology, which is 1.28 % (52 out of 4 067) of all posters submitted to this forum. The largest number of Ukrainian papers — 15 — was devoted to the problems of COVID-19, 14 to the issues of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 3 to the issues of bronchial asthma, 3 to tobacco smoking and two related to bronchiectasis. In 2023, both international cooperation and interaction of Ukrainian pulmonologists of various institutions in joint work within the countries continued. Conclusions. The main directions of scientific developments in respiratory medicine in Ukraine are issues of broncho-obstructive pulmonary diseases and COVID-19. The most active participation in the event were taken by the scientists from the Dnipro State Medical University, Yanovsky National institute of phthisiology and pulmonology National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Vinnytsya National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, and Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University.

КИТАЙСЬКА КОНЦЕПЦІЯ БАГАТОПОЛЯРНОГО СВІТУ ТА ЇЇ ЗАГРОЗИ ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ

In contrast to the positive view of the role and place of China in the modern world and Ukrainian-Chinese cooperation, which is dominant among Ukrainian scientists, the article outlines the threats from the "peaceful rise of the PRC" and unjustified enthusiasm for the development of relations with it. Chinese leaders' official course and rhetoric have remained practically unchanged for decades, but real steps indicate a completely different content of foreign policy at the current stage. Talks about the "common destiny of mankind" and a multipolar world are followed by China's active actions aimed at changing the existing rules of the world system in its favor. China is very active in forming its own sphere of influence based on co-optation, coercion, and cover-up. Currently, it is using its entire economic and political arsenal to make the countries of the Global South dependent, especially the participants of the "Belt and Road" initiative. In the South China Sea, it is already using the "Strategy of Three Wars" to dislodge its opponents. The real content of Ukrainian-Chinese interaction, China's position regarding the Russian war against Ukraine, and its actual support of the aggressor no longer correspond to the status of a strategic partnership. Further close cooperation with the People's Republic of China contradicts the civilizational guidelines of our state regarding the development of democracy; mutually beneficial relations with the EU, NATO, the USA, and other partners that supported Ukraine in the war with Russia; observance of human rights. In relations with China, there is also the danger of deindustrialization, transformation into a commodity appendage, technological and cyber espionage, debt traps, corruption schemes, persecution of opponents of the Chinese government, etc. Considering the long-term national interests of democratic Ukraine and authoritarian China, we cannot be in the rank of strategic partners, but we can develop relations in accordance with the national interests of Ukraine and taking into account the numerous Chinese threats we mentioned.

The Relevance of Modern Scientific Research in Pedagogy: Ukrainian-Polish Discourse

The article provides a comparative analysis of the scientific investigations of Polish and Ukrainian scientists regarding the subject matter and content of modern pedagogical research. New challenges, the world crisis, a full-scale war in Ukraine - in one way or another influence the choice of research topics, determine their timeliness and expediency. It is noted that a wide interdisciplinary pedagogical approach to solving educational problems is clearly observed in Polish research. According to the thematic direction, scientific investigations have an applied nature, meet the demands of science and society. At the same time, the subject matter of scientific issues of domestic pedagogical research is mainly local in nature and does not fully correlate with modern social demands. It was concluded that it is needed to develop methodological foundations of pedagogy in conditions of instability and transgressivity. A list of pedagogical topics that are relevant for study in these conditions is presented.

GENDER EDUCATION OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS

The article analyzes regulatory documents and theoretical and methodological research by Ukrainian scientists on the problem of gender education and gender upbringing of preschool children. The author revealed the topic of gender and the gender approach, which is a leading focus in the national system of preschool education. The article demonstrates that gender issues are interdisciplinary, forming the subject of scientific investigations in sociology, cultural studies, history, philology, psychology, and pedagogy. It is noted that gender is a complex concept used in several meanings (gender as social-role and cultural interpretation of personal traits and behavior patterns of men and women; acquisition of sociality by individuals; policy of equal rights and opportunities for men and women, etc.). Based on the analysis of scientific research, it is emphasized that the gender approach in preschool education is an individual approach to the manifestation of a preschool child’s identity. It is proven that this approach creates personal conditions for freedom of choice, provides opportunities for self-realization, helps to be sufficiently flexible, and gives the ability to use various behavioral opportunities in the socio-cultural environment. The article proposes and characterizes the rules for organizing and structuring the content of ethical discussions with preschool children regarding the understanding of gender education (information should be age-appropriate and meet children’s needs; the teacher should reflect their own attitude towards the topic of discussion; questions arising during the discussion should be answered, etc.). The article provides advice and recommendations for educators of preschool institutions and parents to effectively organize gender education in preschool institutions and families (establishing close cooperation in the context of pedagogical interaction between educator and psychologist, educator and family; thorough study of individual characteristics of preschool children, etc.).

Фахові ідеї Флорія Бацевича в динаміці та перспективі комунікативної лінгвістики

The article is devoted to issues of the formation and prospects of communicative linguistics in the world scientific space. It is noted about its linkswith various professional areas that systematically study communication as a phenomenon, – philosophy, psychology, cultural studies, ethnology, ethnography, sociology, semiotics, communicativistics, rhetoric, cognitology, logic, computer science, theory of artificial intelligence, as well as with all parts of traditional linguistics and the latest linguistic trends, in particular media linguistics, business linguistics, etc. The professional ideas of K. Levi-Strauss, J. Austin, J.L. Searle, P. Strawson, C.-S. Peirce, L. Wittgenstein, K. Shannon, W. Weaver, K. Bühler, W. Schramm, E. Noel-Neumann, H. Lasswell, X. Garfinkel, E. Hoffmann, and others are mentioned. Special research attention is paid to the figure of Professor Floriy Batsevych as the founder of communicative linguistics in Ukrainian science. The role of the scientist in the interdisciplinary dynamics of the direction, the objectivity of which consists in the analysis of the functioning of the language in different communicative situations, solving the issues of effective / ineffective conflict / non-conflict communication, necessarily oriented to the extralinguistic context, is defined. The author's position regarding the non-identity of the concepts "communication" and "communication" is argued. The perspective of constructive dialogue of communicative linguistics and functional stylistics is commented on the example of stylistic analysis of business communication. The communicative nature of business is determined as one of the most dynamic discourses in the social sphere nowadays, which explains its resource and potential, represented as variably as possible in different texts, genres and contexts. This made it possible rationally to explain the presence of business in the mass media, in official, scientific communicative paradigms – in those spheres that systematically determine the priorities of the development of modern society in time and space of culture. And also to determine the prospects of professional analysis of business-relevant communication strategies and tactics, integrally synchronized with the named areas and formulated research problems.

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AS THE OBJECT OF INTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION

The concept of ecosystem services embodies an ideological framework, serves as a subject for fundamental research, provides methodological groundwork for applied projects, offers a practical approach to natural resource management, acts as a platform for international governmental and non-governmental collaboration, and serves as a means of knowledge production. The article presents the results of a systematic literature analysis focused on identifying key research trends in the field of ecosystem services that need further attention and development. It also highlights promising directions for transdisciplinary collaboration in the implementation and management of ecosystem services. Research methods involved iterative information retrieval, analysis of scientific papers, and review of contemporary methodological approaches. Based on the processed sources, seven comprehensive research directions of ecosystem services and twenty branches were identified. Ecosystem services are characterized as boundary objects. The main findings point to the need for integration of scientific disciplines, involvement of a wide range of stakeholders, and consolidation of development perspectives across various fields to achieve a compromise between ecosystem services utilization and conservation. The role of boundary organizations in achieving these goals is emphasized. An insufficient integration between social and ecological disciplines in Ukrainian science is identified along with probable reasons for this situation. The conclusions underscore the importance of a transdisciplinary approach to ecosystem services research. Future research prospects include expanding collaboration between researchers and practitioners, as well as refining methodological approaches for comprehensive ecosystem services study.

Essence and structure of the concept «national self-awareness of students in universities of life sciences»

he article examines various approaches to defining the concept of national self-awareness, reveals the structure of national self-awareness, provides the main functions of national self-awareness of an individual in relation to the state and society. The peculiarities of the formation of national self-awareness of students of life sciences universities were analyzed, in terms of the assimilation by young people of their ethnic community, national values (language, culture), a sense of their involvement in the development of Ukrainian statehood, patriotism, strengthening a sense of their own national dignity, inner freedom, and pride for their land .Some aspects of the problem of national self-awareness as a personality characteristic in Ukrainian science have been studied. Philosophical discourse on the problem of national self-identity, which covers the works of Western researchers of the second half of the 20th century, such as M. Heidegger, H. Kershensteiner, Y.G. Pestalozzi, K. Jung, J. Lacan, E. Erikson, J.-M. Benoit, as well as a positive reinterpretation of the radical ideas of postmodernist philosophers, such as M. Foucault, R. Barthes, F. Guattari, J.-F. Lyotard, J. Deleuze, Y. Kristeva, J. Baudrillard, J. Derrida and Formed Definition the concept of "national self-awareness of students of universities of life sciences". A number of general and special competencies that distinguish students of universities of life sciences from students of other institutions of higher education are distinguished.