Sciences Of Ukraine Research Articles

Методи та засоби фізичної реабілітації для постраждалих від російсько-української війни

The issue of determining the characteristics of adaptive physical culture using physical and sports rehabilitation for persons injured as a result of war is updated in the context of the current Russian-Ukrainian war. The study established that a component of medical rehabilitation is physical rehabilitation, which mobilizes the functional reserves of the body. The special importance of adaptive physical culture in this process has been revealed. It has been determined that medical rehabilitation includes a complex system of therapeutic, pedagogical, social, psychological and physical activities. Attention is focused on the role and physical rehabilitation. It occupies one of the main places in the complex of rehabilitation methods. The study considers therapeutic physical culture as one of the main and widespread means of physical rehabilitation. Modern Ukrainian scientists distinguish between different types of adaptive physical culture. The article provides characteristics of adaptive physical education, adaptive physical rehabilitation and adaptive sports. It has been established that for effective physical rehabilitation a number of psychocorrectional methods for regulating post-traumatic conditions can be used. In particular, we are talking about the method of rational psychocorrection and debriefing of the stress of critical situations. The main tasks of debriefing are identified. Methods of mental self-regulation and methods of personality-oriented psychotherapy are specified. In the context of a review of current publications on the research topic, it was found that the topic of providing psychological and correctional assistance to former combatants for their adaptation and rehabilitation in everyday life is increasingly relevant. According to the study results, it is summarized that rehabilitation can have temporary but significant success, resulting in dramatic improvements in quality of life. The identified personality traits of people who saw and participated in hostilities and maladaptive manifestations of their behavior and reasons should be taken into account when organizing rehabilitation activities with her.

Ways of creating surnames from the appellative tаtо (based on surnames common in Ukraine)

The article is devoted to the study of methods of creating surnames from the appellative tаtо. An overview of the scientific works of domestic linguists on the theoretical and applied aspects of the study of Ukrainian surnames was made (see, for example, the works of I. Varchenko, V. Horpynych, and I. Kornienko, L. Masenko, Yu. Pradid, M. Khudash, P. Chuchkа, etc.), their lexicographic study both in general (V. Demchenko and I. Lopushynskyi, A. Zosimov, Yu. Redko, etc.), and of special regions of Ukraine in particular (H. Arkushyn, V. Horpynych, Yu. Novikova, L. Kravchenko, P. Chuchka, etc.). Even a short review of the scientific investigations of Ukrainian scientists gives reason to claim that the microgroup of surnames “Tato” was studied casually, in connection with the study of other problems, and was not the subject of a separate scruptulous description. The purpose of the proposed article is to investigate the place of the microgroup of surnames “Tato” in the system of surnames common in Ukraine, to describe the methods of their creation, to distinguish the affixes with the help of which the surnames of the analyzed microgroup were created. Achieving this goal involves solving the following tasks: 1) to isolate the microgroup of surnames “Tato” from the system of surnames common on the territory of Ukraine; 2) to analyze the ways of creating surnames from the appellatives tаtо; 3) to determine their regional prevalence in Ukraine. From the system of surnames common in Ukraine, a microgroup of surnames “Tato” has been singled out, which includes 67 surnames, which are borne by 5,236 residents of Ukraine. The material for the study was surnames selected from dictionaries of Ukrainian surnames, materials of the “Tato” site, which records 876,000 surnames of residents of Ukraine. 12 surnames became the basis for the creation of 49 new surnames, and no new surnames were formed from 3 surnames derived from the surname tаtо. The most common surname of the studied microgroup is the surname Tatusevych (217 speakers), and the most derived surnames are formed from the surname Tatkо (11 surnames). The analysis of the actual material gave reasons to claim that the main method of creating surnames derived from the surname Tatо is the suffixation: Tatus - Tatus-k-o, Tatul-a - Tatul-chenk-o, Tatk-o - Tatk-ovets and others (a total of 51 surnames). It is noted that the suffixes -ov -enk- (by 7 cases) are most often used to create new surnames. 9 female surnames are formed in an inflectional way from the bases of male surnames: Tatk-ov - Tatk-ov-a, Tatk-in - Tatk-in-a, Tatus-ov - Tatus-ov-a, etc.

Vadym Yevhenovych Lashkaryov, the Outstanding Ukrainian Physicist of the 20th Century, the Discoverer of the p-n Junction in Semiconductors (Dedicated to the 120th Anniversary of his Birthday)

The life and the scientific career of V.Ye. Lashkaryov – an outstanding Ukrainian scientist of the 20th century and the founder of the Institute of Semiconductor Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine – are described. In 1941, he published the first article in the world literature devoted to the p-n junction in Cu2O. The consideration is mainly focused on the specific features of his research manner, his role in the education and training of a new generation of Ukrainian physicists, and on his personality as a scientist.

ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INLAND NAVIGATION LAW (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF GERMANY AND UKRAINE)

The article examines the economic and legal issues of inland navigation development based on the materials of Germany and Ukraine. The relevance of the paper of economic and legal aspects of the development of inland navigation and the legal status of a shipowner is due to their importance for science and practice and insufficient development in Ukraine, as well as a significant expansion of inland navigation against the background of curtailment of sea traffic due to Russian military restrictions on the Black Sea. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyse the economic and legal factors that contribute to the improvement of inland navigation. The authors use the methods of analysis and comparison of theoretical concepts and legal norms, and the method of socio-economic statistics is also used to argue proposals on the topic under study. The paper shows the connection between the concepts of inland navigation law and inland waterways law. This work uses German-language works by W. Korioth, J.-H. Krumme, T. Waldstein, H. Holland. The subject and direction of research of Ukrainian scientists P. Kazanski, A. V. Kulko, A. P. Efimenko, E. A. Samoilenko and G. V. Samoilenko are determined. The results of the study allowed to expand the understanding of the subject matter of inland navigation law as a set of predominantly private law provisions regulating relations in the field of navigation use of inland waterways. The research analyses the theoretical and regulatory foundations of the concept of inland waterway and indicators of the level of socio-economic development of Ukraine and Germany, which influence the state and development of concepts and norms of inland navigation law. Economic justification is provided for the limits of possible increase in cargo transportation, which may have a stimulating effect on the development of inland navigation law. It is proposed to adopt the best German experience and a temporary solution to the problem of the lack of regulations in the field of inland waterway transport of Ukraine.

Scientific studies of the sociological concept of law in the USA in Ukrainian jurisprudence and their source base

The article analyzes scientific studies of the sociological concept of law in the USA in Ukrainian jurisprudence and characterizes their source base. It is shown that historiographical sources unite the scientific directions of such legal sciences as the philosophy of law, the general theory of law and the state, the sociology of law, the history of law and the state, the history of political and legal studies.
 It is noted that in the Ukrainian historiography of the sociological concept of law in the USA in the 20th century. the process of determining its place and role in the history of world legal thought by comparing it with other concepts (primarily positivist) continues. It has been established that an important component of Ukrainian historiography is the sociological concept of law in the USA in the 20th century. a research methodology was developed and tested, including knowledge of the sociological approach, historical-conceptual and other research methods. It is emphasized that the Ukrainian historiography of the sociological concept in US jurisprudence of the 20th century. actualizes its research within the framework of the development of integrative legal understanding, socialization and anthropologising of law, as well as the concrete- historical conditions of the development of law in Ukraine, related to globalization and European integration processes. It has been established that the modern stage in the development of the historiography of the sociological concept of law in US jurisprudence of the 20th century. differs from previous ones in the appearance of special scientific studies (primarily dissertations), based on which the source base is expanded (at the expense of new English-language and translated literature), new approaches to the history of ideas in general and legal ideas in particular, the basic principles of conceptual approaches, conceptual apparatus and applied nature. It is summarized that new studies of the history of the sociological concept of law in the USA in the 20th century, including ours, aim to complete a certain stage of the historiographical process on the basis of historicism, that is, to find out the specific historical circumstances and other processes: political, philosophical, social, special views of Ukrainian scientists on when and under what circumstances the sociological concept arose, what are the main stages in its development and what has it become now.

Educational Institutions in Genealogical Studies on the History of Science and Technology

The purpose of the study is to analyse the peculiarities of using the archives of research and educational institutions as an integral part of the source base of genealogical research on the history of science and technology and to identify the degree of digitalisation of archival collections. The research methodology is based on theoretical developments in history and related sciences, as well as the use of basic approaches to cognition and dialectics, the application of the principles of historical science such as objectivity, scientificity, historicism, universality, systematicity, specificity; the principle of a specific historical approach – historicism – the integrity of the source. The organic blending of general scientific and special research methods in the complex makes it possible to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the topic. The methods of generalisation, analogy, synthesis, analysis, formal logic, as well as historical and chronological, historical and comparative, historical and genetic, historical and typological methods were used in the scientific search, which contributed to obtaining new results in the study of this topic. The scientific novelty of the article is to actualise the issue of using the funds of archives of research and educational centres in conducting genealogical research on the history of science and technology. The systematisation of historiographical sources containing information of genealogical nature is proposed, their information potential is characterised. The reliability degree of the identified sources and the need to introduce new components of the source base of genealogical research on the history of science and technology are determined. The methodological foundations for reconstructing the genealogies of Ukrainian scientists on the basis of representative, diverse sources have been further developed. The necessity of digitalisation of the archival collections of scientific and educational centres, the introduction of information technologies as the main factor in improving the quality of scientific research is substantiated. Keywords: archive, source base, genealogical research, electronic resources, information technology, librarianship, document.

«Ssavtsi» (Mammalia): the story of a 100-year-old term

The use of the Ukrainian word «ssavtsi» (= «suctorial») and its synonym «zviri» (= «beasts») to designate the class Mammalia is considered. It is shown that the word «zviri» is traditional, but over time the share of publications with the term «ssavtsi» increases, an in general there are twice as many of them. The similar meaning of these terms is conditional, and the author adheres to the usage of «ssavtsi» for the class Mammalia and «zviri» for the subclass Theria (= «placental»). The analysis of previous literature sources showed that the term «ssavtsi» appeared in scientific circulation only in 1910, in the textbook «Zoology» by I. Verkhratsky, and precisely as a plural noun with an iotized «i» («ssavtsї»). The author explains the latter as underlining the emphasis of the syllable, in contrast to predecessor terms, which were participles. This format was later changed to an iotless «i» with the appearance of writing the nomen in singular («ssavets»). There is a number of words based on the verb «ssaty» (= «to suck»), in particular «ssushchi», «ssachi», and «ssawchi in the prehistory of the appearance of the term «ssavtsi». The latter variant is not found in Ukrainian-language sources, but it was coined in the Polish language by M. Novytsky, a native of Galicia and Podolia, who after defending his thesis (in Lviv in 1863) became a professor at the Jagiellonian University, where he published a series of textbooks changing the meaning of «ssące» («zwierzęta ssące») and the noun «ssąwce» (the modern form is «ssaki»). An analogous term was present in the Czech language («ssawci» modernised as «savci»), from which textbooks were translated by activists of the Ruthenian movements. Thanks to the educational activities of the Ukrainian Scientific Society (USS), it was included in textbooks and reference books (written by I. Rakovsky, M. Charlemagne, and I. Verkhratsky in 1919–1922). One of its first popularisers was V. Hnatiuk, the compiler of the ethnographic collection «Animal Epic» (1916), who listed the articles according to systematics and used the nomen «Ssavtsi» (Mammals) for the title of the section. The further distribution of this term can also be explained by the fact that the monosyllabic form has become fixed in all the neighbouring languages: Czech «savci», Polish «ssaki», Slovak «cicavce» and others. To some extent, it was also the answer to the Latin composite name Mammalia (mamma = «mammary gland», -alia = «the one possesses»), and the suffix «-ets» in Ukrainian is a completely corresponding formant.

The bioindicator role of phytonematode groups in the assessment of the state of transformation of secondary forest ecosystems

The methodology for assessing the state of terrestrial ecosystems using diagnostic properties of soil microfauna remains underestimated in contemporary Ukrainian science. We have analyzed a significant amount of foreign and domestic literature to demonstrate the importance of this aspect in the overview article concerning the monitoring of natural ecosystems. Based on our own research results, we have shown the outcomes that can be achieved by utilizing the bioindicative properties of a specific group of organisms, such as phytonematodes. The fundamental principles and methodologies that should be applied, including using the functional characteristics of phytonematode complexes, have also been described. For evaluating the state of ecosystems, the most valuable information pertains to organisms that are widely distributed over a significant territory, have high population density, play a significant role in ecosystem functioning, and can rapidly respond to environmental changes. Organisms fitting these criteria can be considered bioindicators. This group of organisms is sensitive to natural or anthropogenic environmental transformations and can respond to them by altering their population density, distribution, or specific characteristics. Therefore, the use of soil animals from specific taxonomic groups as bioindicators has a long-standing tradition. Groups of soil invertebrates are integral structural components of natural ecosystems, together providing them with stable development and resilience. Assessment of the functional role of soil fauna in the ecosystem involves establishing the structural-functional organization of different groups of soil invertebrates, which differ both morphologically and functionally in the ecosystem and their impact on soil-forming processes. The use of soil nematodes as bioindicators is promising for evaluating the sanitary condition of forest ecosystems based on the indicator of energy utilization by trophic groups of nematodes, as well as for bioindication of soil quality based on the relative ratio of persisters and colonizers. The zoological method of soil diagnostics was established as a separate scientific direction thanks to the works of M.S. Gilyarov. This method is based on the presence of certain species of invertebrates in the soil and the analysis of the structure of their communities. Later, it found practical application in the research of forest ecosystems. Therefore, nematodes are an effective model group for the indirect assessment of the zoocenosis’ state.

Filling a financial gap in SDG3 achievement: Investments vs. budget funds

This paper delves into the challenge of financing Sustainable Development Goal 3 “Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages” (SDG 3). Despite its ambitious nature, the achievement of this goal has been hindered by a substantial lack of funding. The study aims to investigate potential sources to bridge the investment gap in SDG 3, analyzing data from 28 European countries. This includes factors such as the index and progress in sustainable development, sources of investment resources, and healthcare costs for 2020. Logit and probit regression models are employed for the analysis. The results indicate the absence of a statistically significant relationship between the volume of investments from the state, businesses, and households of countries and their level of SDG 3 achievement. However, an interesting finding emerges regarding healthcare expenditures under state insurance programs among European countries, which show a greater extent of progress in achieving SDGs compared to voluntary insurance programs. The paper emphasizes the importance of a balanced approach that uses multiple funding sources and the need for focused policies and partnerships to mobilize resources to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. AcknowledgmentAlex Plastun gratefully acknowledges support from the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (№ 0121U113830).

The Image and Mission of Geographical Science in Ukraine

The image of Ukrainian geography is formed in the difficult conditions of the establishment of statehood, deep political and economic reforms, and geopolitical and military resistance to russian aggression. Geographical science still does not sufficiently respond to the contemporary demands of society for geographical information and geographical knowledge. The reformation of national science and education presents geographers with many new problems that need to be considered and solved. The latest information technology revolution, along with new technical capabilities, means more and deep complex requests for geographic information. The paper considers the mentioned issues. The authors focus attention on the features of the transformation of the functions of geographical science in the conditions of post-industrial society and new people’s interaction with natural systems. The technological findings created by modern society are a prospect for the implementation of many solutions in the sphere of sustainable economic, social, and ecological development, as well as the transition to new models of production and consumption, and adaptation to climate change. The paper mentioned that geography plays a significant role in the development of organizational plans and business models in EU countries in such areas as regional and local development, urban and community planning and development, emergency risk management, and transition to a circular economy. In Ukraine, unfortunately, geography, like other sciences such as mathematics and physics, is increasingly perceived as part of basic education. Public demand and the market for projects are practically not formed, which causes both gaps in the implementation of numerous EU directives and international standards, as well as the decline of the discipline. Currently, the war with Russia is definitely the one of the bitter phenomena that requires the involvement of geographers. The first reaction of scholars took place as early as 2014, which was reflected in the adjustment of several educational programs, including human geography, political geography, urban geography, landscape ecology, spatial planning and development, cartographic modeling and GIS, geography of transport systems, population settlement, etc. Simultaneously, today Ukrainian geographers talk about large-scale changes in research priorities, focusing on the assessment of losses and the potential for the restoration of territories, the sustainable development of cities and regions, and geostrategization.

Prevalence of stress, anxiety, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder among Ukrainians after the first year of Russian invasion: a nationwide cross-sectional study

In February 2022 the Russian federation started a new invasion of Ukraine as an escalation of the ongoing war since 2014. After nine years of war and the COVID-19 pandemic, the mental health state of Ukrainians requires systematic monitoring and relevant action. The aim of present study was to investigate the state of mental health among Ukrainians assessing the levels of stress, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence in not displaced persons (NDPs), internally displaced persons (IDPs), and refugees abroad. This study was designed as an online survey arranged in the 9-12 months after the start of the new invasion of Ukraine and includes sociodemographic data collection, evaluation of stress intensity by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), anxiety with General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder with PTSD Check List (PCL-5). The sample size of 3173 Ukrainians consisted of 1954 (61.6%) respondents that were not displaced persons (NDPs), 505 (15.9%) internally displaced persons within Ukraine (IDPs), and 714 (22.5%) refugees that left Ukraine. Moderate and high stress was prevalent among 68.2% (1333/1954) and 15.5% (302/1954) of NDPs, 64.4% (325/505) and 21.6% (109/505) of IDPs, and 64.7% (462/714) and 25.2% (180/714) of refugees, respectively. Moderate and severe anxiety was prevalent among 25.6% (500/1954) and 19.0% (371/1954) of NDPs, 25.7% (130/505) and 23.4% (118/505) of IDPs, and 26.2% (187/714) and 25.8% (184/714) of refugees. High levels of PTSD (33 and higher) were prevalent among 32.9% (642/1954) of NDPs, 39.4% (199/1954) of IDPs, and 47.2% (337/714) of refugees. DSM-V criteria for PTSD diagnosis was met by 50.8% (992/1954) of NDPs, 55.4% (280/505) of IDPs, and 62.2% (444/714) of refugees. Only 7.2% of the respondents reported no or mild stress, anxiety, and PTSD levels within the sample. The lowest stress, anxiety, and PTSD severity was observed among NDPs, with significantly higher levels among IDPs and the highest among refugees. Being forcibly displaced from the previous living area and, especially, entering a new cultural environment significantly contributes to the mental health issues caused by war exposure and witnessing. Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine.

Methods of Teaching Certain Academic Disciplines to Higher Education Students in Wartime Conditions

The article highlights the experience of Ukraine's education system in the extreme conditions of war. The peculiarity of this period is the need to combine the fulfillment of important tasks that stretch back to the past and require their logical completion with the current tasks caused by the war. As a result of continuous, bloody hostilities and air bombardment, civilian critical infrastructure, premises of higher education institutions were damaged and destroyed, educational and research equipment was lost; there were significant losses of teachers and students who were forced to move to safer regions of the country and abroad. The war continues. The educational process has completely stopped. However, this is unacceptable. It is necessary to continue training specialists for the national economy, the security and defense sector, and the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Taken together, all of this has determined the need to substantiate a universal methodology for teaching certain academic disciplines to higher education students in wartime. The article analyzes modern publications on the topic of the study. The article highlights the unresolved aspects of developing the theoretical foundations of advanced teaching of certain academic disciplines to students. The existing decisions of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, namely the models of organization of education: full-time, distance, mixed and individual forms (external or family form), unfortunately, do not solve the problem of organizing education during air raid. The author proposes to base the methodology of teaching certain academic disciplines to higher education students in wartime on advanced learning. To do this, the main lecture topics are given by the teacher before the start of studying them in the program. The proposed solution has successfully passed field tests and ensured the safety of students' lives. Advance learning is effective both when studying a topic that is difficult to understand and when studying a topic that is closely related to other disciplines that have been studied before.

FORMATION PREREQUISITES AND TENDENCIES OF THE ENTERPRISE'S HR CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT

Human resources are the basis for the functioning of any company in the world, regardless of its size or industry. Human resource management through the development of human potential is a way to increase the competitiveness and productivity of employees and leads to an increase in the company's profits. The purpose of the article is to analyse the conditions for the formation of the human resource potential and possible trends of its development in the future in the conditions of innovative changes in the economy. The aim of the article is to identify the key factors that shape and influence human resource potential, as well as the trends in the labour market and education that will shape the trends of its further development. The study uses a general scientific methodology: analysis, synthesis, systematisation, and comparison. The data used for the calculations are those of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, which are publicly available. Results. The analysed materials of foreign and Ukrainian scientists made it possible to determine the key factors that are the main components in the formation of personnel potential, and the study of statistical data of the labour and education market of Ukraine revealed the general trends of its further development. The practical significance of this article lies in the calculation of modern socio-economic factors, which have the greatest impact on the development of human resources potential. Due to several serious crises in the country, the current situation on the labour market is very difficult, and due to a full-scale war, Ukraine in the future will face the biggest crisis in the entire history of its independence. On the other hand, it can have a positive impact on the development of human potential, as people will often have to think outside the box and learn new professions. The value of this work lies in the separation of the theoretical bases of the development of the personnel potential and the review of the statistical information, which will become the basis for further analysis of the ways of increasing the personnel potential of the Ukrainian enterprises. In further studies it is planned to reveal the existing ways and methods of assessing the human resource potential of enterprises and to explore possible ways of increasing it.

The state of training of art education specialists in the universities of the European Union and the USA for the use of music therapy in professional activities

The goal of modern university education in Europe and the USA is training, upbringing, harmonious development and socialization of a highly moral, spiritually developed personality, which takes place with the use of health-preserving technologies. This goal acquires great importance precisely in the conditions of the educational space, since it covers a significant part of the population, which is characterized by differences in cultural level, material status, and age. The number of students with special needs is increasing in university education. The use of music therapy in the modern university space contributes to solving the identified problems, for which it is necessary to implement: highly qualified training of personnel in music therapy and educational projects and programs in universities in Europe and the USA. During the 20th and 21st centuries in Europe and the USA, music therapy began to be intensively introduced into university education to activate educational and intellectual activity, model a health-saving educational environment, meet the special needs of student youth in inclusive education, and create a STEAM learning environment. To date, Ukrainian scientists have systematized only certain aspects of scientific knowledge about music therapy, which is introduced into the content of modern university education in Europe and the USA. In this way, the leading international experience on the training of specialists in the artistic field to apply music therapy in professional activities has not been summarized, the system of measures to attract students to these classes has not been substantiated, and data on the specifics of the content of classes with music therapy tools have not been systematized. The consequence of using music therapy in the university environment should be the expression of feelings and positive changes in the behavior of subjects of education during communication with others and reflection. Music therapy solves communication issues, improves motivation, attention, behavior, improves memory and the ability to learn, affects the emotional sphere of the individual.

The Ukrainian Identity of the Calligraphy of Grigory Skovoroda in the Context of Multi-scriptural Writing

The purpose of the study: Conduct a paleographic and cultural analysis of Hryhorii Skovoroda’s manuscripts. To find and describe the most characteristic letters and calligraphic methods inherent in the philosopher, and to emphasize the features of the eighteenth-century handwriting in general. To form a paleographic database of letters that can be used to create fonts and designs for modern projects that emphasize the aesthetics of the Ukrainian Baroque. Research methods. Systematization of scientific sources, artistic analysis, synthesis and generalization of the obtained results, method of comparative analysis, creation of a paleographic database and systematization of empirical material based on it. Scientific novelty. For the first time in Ukrainian science, the manuscripts and handwriting of Hryhorii Skovoroda were examined from the point of view of paleographic and calligraphic analysis in the context of multicultural influences of the European and Greek writing traditions. Characteristic features of Hryhorii Skovoroda’s handwriting have been identified, which can be used to determine the attribution of certain texts to the philosopher. Based on this research, practising calligraphers and type designers can create inscriptions and fonts in the style of the Ukrainian philosopher. Conclusions. The individuality of the philosopher’s handwriting reflected not only the philosophical view of the author, his character and aesthetic preferences, but also the multicultural spirit of the late Ukrainian Baroque era. The study of Skovoroda’s calligraphy made it possible to fill the gap in the little-studied field of paleography related to eighteenth-century writing and aesthetics and to give impetus to the representation of these results in contemporary design and typeface projects. However, it is not enough to explore the visual connections between Skovoroda’s handwriting and artistic preferences, it is important to continue the started line of style and use this aesthetic of letters in the modern context of searching of the Ukrainian identity.

On the Approaches to the "Neorimanian Theory": David Lewin’s Transformational Approach

Today, Ukrainian musicology is opening up to the world, testifying to its bright potential, prospects and opportunities for cooperation with the international scientific environment. Along with the demonstration of one's own achievements, it is necessary to master the methods of analysis common and used today in North American and European musicology.
 A wide panorama of modern approaches demonstrates significant potential for studying the pitch parameter in the music of the 20th–21st centuries. Among the basic approaches (Schenkerian reduction, Babbitt-Forte’s set theory), the neo-Riemannian method of analysis of triadic pitch structures, characteristic of North American musicology, is of great interest to Ukrainian scientists. The mastery of this method causes certain difficulties, connected with its basing mainly on the neopositivist methodology and the use of various mathematical procedures related to the processes of transformation of sound objects — in this case, triadic pitch structures. The lack of investigation of this problem in Ukrainian musicology determines the relevance of the study.
 The purpose of the article is to highlight the history of the development of the NeoRiemannian approach to the analysis of pitch structures in the research of one of its first developers, David Lewin, and the general characteristics of a number of analytical techniques.
 Immersion in North American music theory and mastering the toolkit of neopositivist methods allows you to get closer to understanding the specifics of various modern analytical approaches that develop at the intersection with mathematical theories. Among the steps we have taken in this mastering, in particular, the presentation of the Neo-Riemannian operations and the introduction into the scientific circulation of the works of North American musicologists.
 The methodological basis of the article is the method of structural analysis and a special neo-Riemannian method of analysis of pitch structures.
 The results and conclusions. A general introduction to the history of the emergence of the Neo-Riemannian theory and its main provisions in the works of the first Neo-Riemannian researcher D. Lewin (in particular, the transformational attitude, triadic transformation, graphs, networks) made it possible to form an idea of one of the methods of pitch analysis common in North American musicology in musical works. Representing one of the leading branches of modern music theory, which began to take shape in the 1950–1960s, the neo-Riemannian concept received further development in the works of R. Cohn, J. Hook, J. N. Straus, F. Lehman and is still at the stage of development of ideas based on the philosophy of neopositivism.
 All partially demonstrated techniques of the NR method can be applied during the analysis of triadic structures both in tonal music and in works where the functional relationship between triads doesn’t work. Such an opportunity to test the method on musical samples of different times and styles is considered interesting and relevant. An attempt to outline only the main provisions of the neo-Riemannian theory prompts a more detailed consideration of its ideas in connection with related concepts, which also involve mathematical means of sound material analysis (in particular, D. Tymoczko’s chordal geometry, Klumpenhouwer networks). In addition, the research of the very direction of neopositivism in music theory, which needs a thorough study, seems promising.

Persistence in the cryptocurrency market: does size matter?

This paper investigates the persistence in the cryptocurrency market, focusing on five distinct groups categorized by their market capitalization during the sample period from 2020 to 2023. The study aims to test two hypotheses: (H1) The degree of persistence in the cryptocurrency market is contingent on market capitalization, and (H2) The efficiency of the cryptocurrency market has increased in recent years. The methodology employed for this examination is R/S analysis. The results indicate that the cryptocurrency market maintains its inefficiency, and no significant variations in persistence are discerned among different cryptocurrency groups, leading to the rejection of H1. Outcomes related to H2 present a nuanced scenario. Specifically, Litecoin and Ripple exhibit supportive evidence for the Adaptive Market Hypothesis, suggesting an improvement in the efficiency of the cryptocurrency market in recent years. A noteworthy revelation pertains to the anomaly observed in Bitcoin. Despite being the most capitalized and liquid cryptocurrency, it demonstrates inefficiency akin to levels observed five years ago. The implications of this study contribute to the comprehension of cryptocurrency market efficiency. The findings challenge the assumptions of the Efficient Market Hypothesis, favoring instead the Adaptive Market Hypothesis. For practitioners, the results hold significance, providing evidence of price predictability, particularly in the case of Bitcoin. This suggests that trend trading strategies remain viable for generating abnormal profits in the cryptocurrency market. Acknowledgments Alex Plastun gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (0121U100473).

Innovative approaaches in criminalistics and forensic

The world changes every day. New means of committing criminal offenses require innovative and modern methods of their disclosure. It is important to introduce the newest, innovative means and methods of activity to forensic science and forensic examination. In the conditions of war in Ukraine, new fields of both criminalistics and forensic examination are developing due to the commission of a large number of military criminal offenses. Help in the investigation is provided by colleagues from other countries who use innovative methods and techniques, implemented in various countries of the world. The problems of introducing innovations in criminalistics and forensic examination were studied by such scientists as M.V. Danshin, V.A. Zhuravel, I.I. Kogutych, V.O. Konovalova, V.Yu. Shepitko, V.V. Yusupov and others.
 Modern trends in the formation of innovative directions in the system of forensic knowledge indicate the need to expand the boundaries of forensic knowledge and use innovative scientific knowledge from various applied and fundamental sciences developed in different countries of the world.
 It is worth noting the existence of related scientific research, where forensic knowledge and knowledge of chemistry are applied in European countries. Data on new digital technologies should also be used in forensics and forensics to detect and investigate criminal offences. During the war, joint investigative groups were created, which include criminalistics and forensic experts from such European countries as Lithuania, Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Slovakia and Romania. Therefore, innovative approaches to the formation of many sciences are used all over the world today.
 The science of criminalistics and forensic examination did not bypass this process. The system of criminalistics and forensic examination is constantly developing in connection with changes in scientific knowledge from fundamental and applied sciences in the world. There are proposals to create new subdivisions of the science of forensics, namely, aerocriminalistics, criminalistic advocacy, forensic graphology, etc., to change the meaning of existing terms, introducing innovative approaches. Today, the content of the science of criminalistics and forensic examination is understood differently in different countries. International cooperation is also important for Ukrainian scientists and forensic experts, which has become especially necessary in the conditions of the war in Ukraine.

Excitonic Properties of Organic Dye Aggregates: Contribution of Ukrainian Science.

Unexpected discovery that molecules of organic dyes when they form regular structures can change dramatically their light absorption and fluorescence properties were attracting the minds of researchers for more than eight decades. The progress in investigation of this unique phenomenon described in terms of H- and J-aggregation has led to many practical applications. Here the author expresses his personal view on the dramatic story of switching this research area from empirical knowledge to that standing on strong background of molecular exciton theory. The author was a witness of some of these events and acquainted with several great personalities involved. The major trends of future developments are highlighted.

Digital technologies in training the accompanist: practical dimension

Statement of the problem. The modern distance learning changes pedagogical strategies, methods, approaches, and the educational process. Institutions of art education, where training involves personal communication between the teacher and the student in the process of individual practical classes, found themselves in the most difficult situation. Therefore, it is important to understand the practical achievements of art universities in the field of distance learning as proven ways to overcome the remote “gap” between a teacher and a student. Recent research and publications. The problems of distance learning, taking into account the creative specificity, are investigated in the articles of the following Ukrainian scientists: Hubarieva et al., 2021; Lytvyn et al., 2021; Ponomarova et al., 2021; Davydov et al., 2022; Dedusenko et al., 2022; Ohrimenko et al., 2022; Prudnikova & Prudnikova, 2022; Tkachenko et al., 2022; Fabian et al., 2022. The works devoted to the formation of a pianist-accompanist are Molchanova, 2019, 2021, 2022; Nikitska & Savchenko, 2022. Objectives, methods and novelty of the research. The purpose of the study is to consider the positive and negative effects of distance education on the performing formation of a pianist-accompanist using digital technologies. A comprehensive approach is applied, combining the methods of analysis and generalization, systematization and projection, comparative, empirical, and experimental methods in accordance with the performance ensemble specifics. The scientific novelty consists in the study of practical developments in the distance learning of pianists of the Piano Accompaniment Department of Kharkiv I. P. Kotlyarevsky National University of Arts (Ukraine). Research results. The distance education in Ukraine has been complicated by the state of war, the departure of specialists abroad, funding restrictions and changes in educational policy. The formation of the accompanist is carried out by two strategies: together with the vocalist / instrumentalist and in the absence of soloists. All study participants face certain problems. For a pianist-apprentice, these are: loss of time on technological tasks, lack of sound display, unbalanced load. For soloists, these are: impossibility of synchronous performance, lack of emotional communication, singing or playing to the recorded accompaniment. For teachers, these are: the lack of direct contact with the ensemble members, the difficulty of correcting the sound, the obligatory verbalization of all remarks. Digital technologies that provide remote training of accompanist are as follows: 1. Google Meet and Zoom video conferences (“the teacher’s presence” effect); 2.MOODLE and GoogleClassroom platforms (organization of independent work and creation of online classes); 3. YouTube and Google Disk resources (access to video files with performance of compositions); 4. Messengers Viber, Telegram, ChatOn, WhatsApp, etc. (communication); 5. Editing applications – Adobe Acrobat Reader, Foxit Reader, Paint, Scissors, etc. (visualization of comments); 6. Applications for working with video recordings (for example, YouCut); 7. Ordinary telephone communication. General technical problems: instability of the Internet connection and its speed; obsolescence of gadget models; digital ignorance of distance learning participants, lack of a “common denominator” for evaluating the results of ensemble performance. Conclusion. The perspective of art education can be seen in finding hybrid forms of learning, combining synchronous and asynchronous models, taking into account the achievements of distance and face-to-face education and finding algorithms for building a combinatorial strategy.