Sanitary Protection Zones Research Articles

АНИОННО-КАТИОННЫЙ СОСТАВ ПОЧВ УРБАНИЗИРОВАННЫХ ЭКОСИСТЕМ ТУЛЬСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

In order to assess the state of soils in the Tula region, the anionic-cationic composition of soils was determined. The most polluted of the soils are of the sanitary protection zone of chemical and metallurgical enterprises. The data obtained indicate a high level of anthropogenic pollution of soils of cities with nitrate and sulfate ions in comparison with the clean zone of the Yasnaya Polyana Museum-Estate. It was found that violation of the Na+ / K+ ratio, which is an important parameter for the mechanism of soil resistance to salinity, should be noted.

Providing local self-government bodies with a special administrative regime of resorts

The article discusses the directions of activity of local government bodies in ensuring a special administrative regime for resorts. It has been established that the following are among the most significant features of a resort: the presence of territories with defined boundaries in accordance with established procedures; the presence of natural therapeutic resources within the specified territory; the presence of necessary infrastructure for resort services; official designation as a resort by a competent public authority; classification of the resort territory as a specially protected area; and the presence of a special administrative and legal regime aimed at ensuring the preservation of the resort’s ecosystem and infrastructure. It has been determined that the category of “resort settlement” is a quasi-legal category that has not been defined in current legislation, although it is often used in organizational and managerial documents. It has been established that the status of a “resort settlement” does not contain any restrictions or prohibitions, but rather indicates a certain distinctive feature of a village, town, or city that imposes special requirements on the activities of public authorities and economic entities operating within its territory. The following definition is proposed: a resort settlement is a special type of settlement that encompasses natural therapeutic resources, and whose boundaries and sanitary protection zones have been designated for their preservation. It has been established that the entire territory of a settlement does not necessarily equate to a resort, but the status of a resort settlement denotes the uniqueness of such a settlement or territorial community - the establishment of a special administrative, ecological, and economic regime within its territory. It should be noted that a resort can extend beyond the boundaries of settlements and may even be located within the territory of multiple territorial communities. It has been established that resorts have a specific administrative regime that is determined by the natural conditions, the availability of therapeutic factors on their territory, and the infrastructure. The administrative regime of resort areas primarily involves restrictions on their development. In particular, the construction of new industrial enterprises and other objects on resorts is prohibited, as well as the expansion of existing ones that are not related to satisfying the needs of vacationers and the local population. In addition, the construction of objects that may negatively affect natural therapeutic factors or are not related to resort and residential construction is not allowed. One of the important aspects of the administrative regime of resorts is their sanitary protection, which involves establishing strict sanitary restrictions. It has been established that Ukrainian resorts are classified from an administrative-management perspective according to the type of natural therapeutic resources into resorts of state and local significance. In particular, resorts of state significance are natural territories with particularly valuable and unique natural therapeutic resources that are used for treatment, medical rehabilitation, and disease prevention. Resorts of local significance are natural territories with commonly available natural therapeutic resources that are used for treatment, medical rehabilitation, and disease prevention. The following functions of local government bodies have been analyzed in the respective territories: organizing the activities of the local governance system in the field of ensuring the functioning of resorts; regulating the operation of economic entities within the resort territories within their competence; accounting for natural healing resources and land plots that ensure the functioning of resorts; planning, urban development, and infrastructure development within the competence of local government bodies; preservation, restoration, and improvement of natural healing resources; monitoring the state of natural healing resources; controlling violations of legislation regarding natural healing resources within their competence, and conducting expertise within their competence.

HYDRO-ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF USE AND PROTECTION OF WATER RESOURCES OF THE REGION

Introduction. The article examines the issue of the hydroecological state of water resources of Ukraine in a regional section. The situation and trends in the field of water supply, some aspects of financing, administrative and management vectors in this field are characterized. The need to implement a set of measures to improve the ecological situation, optimize approaches to nature use, preservation and protection of hydroecosystems is emphasized. The purpose of the article is to study the hydro-ecological state of water resources, factors affecting water quality, approaches to the protection of hydro-ecosystems at the regional level (on the example of the Ternopil region). Research methods. The methods of analysis and synthesis, systematic generalization were used in the preparation of the scientific publication. Results: Ukraine's water resources require comprehensive measures to improve their ecological status, optimize approaches to nature management and protection. An analysis of the ecological problems of the hydroecosystems of the Ternopil region was carried out, and the main reasons for their degradation were clarified. Installed. the satisfactory state of water bodies and the main areas of work to improve the ecological state of the region's rivers are recommended. It is necessary to clear the riverbeds, optimize the industrial and communal water treatment system, establish and expand sanitary protection zones, strengthen the banks, stimulate the responsible attitude of the population and individuals to the preservation of water bodies and the improvement of their condition through environmentalization, education and financial regulation mechanisms , implement measures to prevent unauthorized interference in channel processes, increase funding for the restoration of water resources with strict control of the expenditure part and strict reporting. Keywords: water bodies; protection; hydroecosystem; ecological condition; degradation.

PROPOSALS FOR IMPROVING THE METHODOLOGY OF STATE REGISTRATION OF SANITARY PROTECTION ZONES

Peculiarities of the state registration of sanitary protection zones in the state land cadastre were studied. There are three types of state registration of sanitary protection zones in the state land cadastre. The first case: simultaneous state registration of the land parcel on which the regime-forming object is located and the sanitary protection zone around it. For this case, three features are systematized: if the right to a land parcel is issued for the first time and the sanitary protection zone has not yet been established around it; if there is a state act on the right of ownership or use of a land parcel, and the information about it is not registered in the state land cadastre; if, for certain reasons, division or unification of previously formed land parcels is carried out without changing their purpose. 
 The second case: state registration is diluted in time. For this case, two types of specific features are systematized: the land management documentation for the land parcel with the regime-forming object located on it was developed and passed state registration and the data was entered into the automated system of the state land cadastre, while the data on the sanitary protection zone was not updated; data on the land parecel have already been entered in the state land cadastre, but the regime-forming object is not yet available.
 The third case: the need to update the data on the sanitary protection zone, while the data on the land parcel remain unchanged. The corresponding case should be the most common, taking into account the modern development of technologies and constant changes in the standards of environmental norms. Its relevance is determined by trends regarding the possibility of changes in the direction of the targeted use of the land plot and rapid adaptation of the company's profile to rapid changes in market conditions.

CONCEPTUAL MODELING OF THE DATABASE OF GIS MONITORING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC POLLUTION OF SETTLEMENTS

The article presents the results of conceptual modeling of the geospatial database for monitoring electromagnetic pollution of settlements. Recently, the world has seen a rapid increase in the number of sources and the level of electromagnetic radiation. This can negatively affect people's health and their environment. The analysis of the publications showed that today researchers have formed a theoretical base for assessing the impact of electromagnetic radiation on people and the environment, developed models of the propagation of electromagnetic waves, ways and methods of protection against their harmful effects. However, not enough attention has been paid to monitoring the electromagnetic pollution of settlements. Systematic measurements of electromagnetic field levels are carried out only by individual EU countries Systematic control of this type of pollution is not carried out in Ukraine, there are no regulatory documents regarding the procedure for its monitoring, but the maximum permissible levels of electromagnetic fields for the population are established. Data on the distribution of electromagnetic fields are interdisciplinary in nature and necessarily contain an indication of the location of objects. For their effective processing, it is advisable to use geo-information technologies. Based on the results of the analysis of the subject area of electromagnetic pollution monitoring, a conceptual data model was developed. It is described using UML tools. The model contains two sets of data. The basic set of geospatial data includes information about buildings of various purposes, land plots, streets, highways, railways, engineering communications, relief, soils, hydrography, territory zoning, facility addresses. The profile set includes data on electromagnetic radiation sources and their sanitary protection zones, control points, the results of calculations and measurements of radiation parameters, the relative level of electromagnetic fields and the building restriction zones. The proposed model can be the basis of the physical modeling of the settlement's electromagnetic pollution monitoring system. 

FEATURES OF HEAVY METAL ACCUMULATION IN PLANTS OF THE ZONE OF INFLUENCE OF ENTERPRISES PROCESSING LEAD-CONTAINING WASTE

Information on the peculiarities of contaminant elements accumulation by cultivated and wild-growing plants in the zone of influence of Belinvesttorg-Splav LLC (Beloozersk), whose emissions into the air contain hazardous pollutants, including (heavy metals) HM, is presented. Analysis of the degree of elements accumulation by agricultural plants was carried out in comparison with subregional background values and permissible levels of veterinary and sanitary rules for ensuring the safety of feed, feed additives and raw materials for the production of mixed feed. As the main criterion for assessing the degree of contamination of HM leaves of wild plants, indicators of their background concentrations, as well as world averages, were used.
 The established aero lead pollution of cultivated agricultural plants in the sanitary protection zone of Belinvesttorg-
 Splav LLC and in the adjacent lands repeatedly exceeds the background and sanitary-hygienic values. Among the wild
 plant species studied the most sensitive indicators of aerogenic pollution are: among the woody plants – common pine
 (needles), in the group of bushes and shrubs – white mistletoe and common raspberry, among herbaceous plants – dioica
 nettle. Research results testify to the necessity of sanitary protection zone extension for Belinvesttorg-Splav LLC at least
 up to 1000 m (especially – according to the rose of prevailing winds) and cessation of agricultural activities within it.

Картирование фактических концентраций подвижных форм меди в почвах северного промузла г. Волгограда

This paper presents an analysis of the results of a study of the actual concentrations of mobile forms of copper in the soil cover of the northern industrial hub of Volgograd within the assumed zone of influence of local sources of anthropogenic impact. As objects of influence on the components of the environment, the following were selected: a ferrous metallurgy enterprise (JSC “VMK “Krasny Oktyabr”) and a multidisciplinary enterprise (JSC “FNPC “Titan-Barricades”) of Volgograd, characterized by the specifics of the location relative to the functional zoning of the city. Sampling was carried out in 2017-2021 at control points at a distance of 0-4.5 km from the enterprises. During the same period, laboratory studies were carried out using the precision method of atomic absorption spectrometry. A map of the results of monitoring the content of mobile forms of copper in the soil cover in the study area is presented. The identified zone of influence of enterprises, taking into account the presence of additional sources of contamination of the soil cover and the MPC of cuprum, instead of its background concentrations, extends 3-3.5 km from the border of the metallurgical enterprise in the form of elongated areas of increased concentrations. It is noted that there are two pronounced foci of pollution located to the west of the operating SPC of the enterprise, as well as a focus of pollution located outside the boundaries of the sanitary protection zones of JSC “VMK “Krasny Oktyabr” and JSC “FNPC “Titan-Barricades”, in the intersection zone of the 2nd longitudinal highway and General Vatutin Street. The data obtained confirm the expediency of organizing regular monitoring of the soil cover in the city as one of the areas of environmental quality assessment.

Topical issues of environmental pollution in the area of municipal cemeteries

Introduction. Taking into account the prevailing urban planning situation, the residential area has almost come close to the burial sites. Justification of the possibility of a safe interposition for the population of residential and “zones with special conditions for the use of territories”, to which the sanitary protection zones (SPZ) are referred, requires scientific and methodological study due to the lack of normative fixation of the procedure. The purpose of the study was the hygienic assessment of burial sites as sources of environmental pollution, the development and practical testing of methodological approaches to substantiating the size of the sanitary protection zone, the admissibility (inadmissibility) of placing normalized, in accordance with the requirements of sanitary legislation, objects in the SPZ cemeteries. Materials and methods. The design and technical documentation were studied, the analysis and assessment of the obtained data on the quality of environmental objects on the territory and boundaries of the SPZ of the cemetery for compliance with sanitary and epidemiological requirements and hygienic standards was carried out. Results. To substantiate correctly the hygienic requirements for the conditions of burial and the safe operation of cemeteries, excluding the possibility of their negative impact on the health of the population, a comprehensive sanitary and chemical assessment has been developed with the determination of the degree of influence of burials on environmental objects. An algorithm for the formation of the evidence base for the absence (presence) of the negative impact of the fact of the location of residential buildings in the sanitary protection zone of cemeteries is proposed. A step-by-step assessment mechanism has been worked out including identification of hazards, instrumental measurements of the quality of environmental objects, selection of priority pollutants and objects (sources) that pose a threat to public health. Limitations. The research was carried out for the territories of cemeteries, it includes an assessment of the sources of environmental pollution specific to this type of burial. The methods used for this study are used to assess soil, groundwater, and atmospheric air. Conclusion. The proposed procedure, tested in real conditions of a large city, makes it possible to form the criteria and priorities of the evidence base for making a decision on the assessment of the hazard (safety) of the placement of residential buildings and other standardized territories within the boundaries of the existing sanitary protection zones of cemeteries.

Optimizing the processing of large amounts of spatial data related to the ecosystem water service provided by forest territories

Abstract Nowadays, an increased interest towards the integration of the concept of ecosystem services has been observed, both in regards to processes related to forest and water resources management, as well as in the context of sustainable development of the economy on a local, regional and national level. In the most common case, what is referred to as forest ecosystem services are possible benefits, which man can reap directly or indirectly from ecosystem functions of forest territories. Therefore, it is of great importance to analyse and assess the interactions between the human factor with the conditions and processes through which forest ecosystems create and sustain ecosystem services. The water ecosystem service provided by forest territory could cause the need to process large amounts of spatial data in the form of forest management and hydrological information, as well as information about sanitary protection zones around water sources, in the context of the administrative territorial division of the country at different levels, creates considerable challenges. The difficulties are due to both the various electronic formats in which the necessary information is maintained, and the need to perform different operations on the input data for the purpose of analysis and decision making. The present paper investigates the possibilities of automating the processing of large volumes of spatial data in the context of the ecosystem water service, provided by forest territories by developing a set of tools operating into the environment of open source GIS. The main purpose is to develop a unified approach based on the use of GIS and suitable for the creation and implementation of methods for analysis and management of processes related to the ecosystem water service provided by forest territories. The approach can be applied in different sectors of the economy, public relations and the environment.

Planning models of sanitary protection zones around mode-forming objects

Purpose. Given densification of buildings and changes in the urban planning environment, the need arises for more balanced regulation of issues related to the regulation of the impact of mode-forming objects on the surrounding natural environment. In order to comprehensively take into account the spatial component of the localization of pollution sources and the objects that surround them, it is important to conduct modeling and systematization of possible options for the spatial placement of sanitary protection zones around mode-forming objects. This will make it possible to provide well-founded planning decisions and legal support for establishing their boundaries in the area and further legalization. Methodology. Using the method of system analysis, there was established existence of two fundamentally different groups of planning models of sanitary and protective zones with and without an overlap. The most frequent cases of localization of sanitary and protective zones in both groups were simulated by the modeling method, based on the nature of the model itself. The use of these methods in general made it possible to classify planning models of sanitary protection zones with further substantiation of their features. Findings. The obtained results provide a basis for specialists in urban planning, land management and geodesy to use a comprehensive approach in determining the size and configuration of sanitary protection zones around mode-forming objects. It is important that the results can also be used by environmental experts when justifying the sizes of sanitary protection zones. Originality. For the first time, for sanitary protection zones, grouped planning models have been grouped on which the size and configuration of sanitary protection zones depend that will be established in the area. The models, obtained as a result of the research, were tested for the establishment of sanitary protection zones around the enterprise in Dnipro. Practical value. The systematized planning models can be used to accurately determine the size of the aggregated sanitary protection zone and its configuration to further establish its boundaries on the ground.

SIGNS OF NORMATIVE LEGAL ACTS IN DECISIONS ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF ZONES WITH SPECIAL CONDITIONS FOR THE USE OF TERRITORIES ON THE EXAMPLE SANITARY PROTECTIVE ZONES

The article deals with theoretical and practical problems associated with identifying the signs of a normative legal act in decisions on the establishment of zones with special conditions for the use of territories, as well as those related to the moment and procedure for the entry into force of such decisions. An analysis of the special decision-making procedure on the example of sanitary protection zones, the special content of restrictions and special territorial coverage in such regulation made it possible to identify arguments in favor and against recognizing decisions on establishing zones as normative legal acts. A non-normative legal act is an imperious decision of an authority, for which the procedural legislation gives three months to challenge. Recognition as invalid of a normative legal act is possible during the entire period of validity of this act. To be convinced of the need to recognize the decision to establish a zone as a normative legal act, the study of the procedure for the entry into force of such a decision on the example of sanitary protection zones allows. The decision to establish the zone comes into force from the moment the information about the zone is entered into the Unified State Register of Real Estate. The only guaranteed way to obtain information about the content of such a decision and the date of its entry into the register is an extract from the Unified State Register of Real Estate. This extract is provided by Rosreestr for a fee. Such a mechanism goes against the notion of public accessibility and universality of information about regulatory legal acts. The results of the study can be used to improve legislation in the field of legal regulation of zones with special conditions for the use of territories.

О показателе защиты населения от вторичных поражающих факторов взрыва при чрезвычайных ситуациях техногенного характера

An analysis of existing approaches to assessing the impact of secondary damaging factors of an explosion showed that when calculating the impact zones, only debris and fragments of equipment are considered, and the effect of flying glass fragments is not taken into account. Therefore, management bodies specially authorized to solve the problems in the field of protecting the population and territories from emergencies need to carry out a set of measures in advance to reduce the impact of secondary damaging factors of the technogenic emergencies on the population. A method of protecting the population from secondary damaging factors of explosion is proposed, which consists in substantiating the rational parameters of building elements, in which the protection of the population from secondary damaging factors of explosion in technogenic emergencies will be maximum under existing restrictions. The indicator of human protection from secondary damaging factors of an explosion in emergency situations of a technogenic nature means the probability of not hitting a person with glass fragments. As initial data for determining the index of protection of the population, the distribution of glass fragments by mass and the use of existing approaches to determining the degree of damage to a person by fragments are considered. Based on the graphical dependence of the degree of human injury on the speed and mass of the glass fragment, an analytical view of this dependence was obtained. Based on the previously known threshold values of the degree of human injury by glass fragments, a function of the probability of human injury was obtained. An example of determining the indicator of protection of the population from glass fragments with known initial data is given. The application of the proposed approach will help the management bodies of the Unified State System for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergencies and Hazardous Production Facility to take measures in advance to minimize the consequences of human injury by secondary damaging factors of the explosion, as well as to justify the size of sanitary protection zones.

Regional features of the quality of the centralized water supply

The paper studies the results of social and hygienic monitoring of drinking water from centralized water supply systems carried out in the Primorsky Krai, in comparison with Russian indicators according to state reports. Attention is paid to the state of sanitary protection zones, a comparative characteristic of underground and surface sources of drinking water is given in terms of sanitary and epidemiological well-being. There is a decrease in the proportion of samples in the Primorsky Krai that are unsatisfactory in sanitary and epidemiological terms, due to the elimination of water sources that do not have sanitary protection zones along the region. In terms of sanitary and chemical indicators, the proportion of detected unsatisfactory samples taken from underground sources is higher than that of samples taken from surface sources. There is a lag in the provision of high-quality drinking water to the rural population compared to the urban population, and this gap is predicted to increase due to migration outflow to the urban environment and the postponement of the reconstruction of water supply systems. The leading role of surface sources in providing water supply to the largest number of the population of Primorsky Krai, the laboriousness of water treatment and transportation of water against the background of a reduction in the number of sources and centralization of water supply around more productive water sources are noted. The frequency of non-standard samples of drinking water in terms of microbiological indicators is included in the list of primary factors affecting the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the region. In the Primorsky Krai, hydrogeochemical provinces were identified according to the increased content of manganese in the water and the physiological inferiority of drinking water. The importance of assessing the quality of drinking water, which has a significant impact on the formation of public health, is emphasized.

Determination of Sanitary Protection Zones by the Noise Factor of Modern TPPS

Determination of Sanitary Protection Zones by the Noise Factor of Modern TPPS

PECULIARITIES OF DETERMINING THE CENTROID OF REGIMEOUS OBJECTS FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SANITARY PROTECTIVE ZONES

Industrial enterprises belong to the group of regime-forming objects (RFO), which most often have a negative impact on the surrounding natural environment. Specialists from various fields are involved in the process of design, definition and formation of sanitary protection zones (SPZ): ecologists, urban planners, land surveyors, surveyors, etc. SPZ must be designed around these objects as part of the urban planning documentation directly from the RFO.
 Land managers design the SPZ from the boundary of the land parcel on which the RFO is located, after which they carry out geodetic determination of the boundaries of the SPZ on the area and carry out their state registration as restrictions on the use of land in the State Land Cadastre. In accordance with existing environmental requirements, environmental experts design the SPZ from the centroid of the emission source. Diversity of demands for different professionals require conduction of specific research on accuracy of the position of the centroid of the RFO – emission source.
 In this research possible options for the position of the centroid of the emission source depending on the configuration of the RFO, planning models of the SPZ was determined by the authors and substantiated the accuracy of determining the geodetic coordinates of the centroid depending on the method of its determination.
 Further research should be continued in order to solve the task of determining the coordinates of the centroid (center) of the RFO based on the results of modern ground measurements without the use of cartographic materials and forming proposals for the development of an appropriate methodology that would satisfy the needs of ecologists and will be suitable for other professionals involved.

Improvement of industrial town landscaping system

Air environment status is the most serious problem in the town of Sterlitamak (Russian Federation). The situation is aggravated by the fact that in the conditions of industrial town exist some unfavorable factors. They contribute to the accumulation of emissions from industrial facilities and transport means in the open air. An integrated approach is required to effectively address air basin pollution. This approach should provide for reliable assessment of the air pollution, as well as the development and creation of the systems for monitoring and managing the quality of air basin of the district, the town and the adjacent territory. The article describes the current state of landscaping in Sterlitamak. A lag in the pace of landscaping from the pace of construction which leads to the unsatisfactory state of atmospheric air is revealed. The issues of formation of full-fledged human habitat, in particular, landscaping of territories, are considered. The methods of the monitoring and structuring green spaces which allow increasing in the level of ecological comfort of the environment of industrial town are substantiated. The measures of improving the state of the atmospheric air, such as introduction of unified system of green spaces, landscaping of the sanitary protection zones (SPZ), increasing the number of green spaces in residential areas and landscaping of the railway transport routes are proposed. It is determined that the designing of landscaping of SPZ should be carried out taking into account the nature of industrial pollution, as well as local climatic and topographic conditions. The plants used for landscaping these areas must be sanitary effective and sufficiently resistant to air and soil pollution by industrial emissions. Recommendations on selection of green spaces that contribute to good aeration of the territory and prevent the penetration of harmful emissions into the residential area are given.

Quantitative and Qualitative Determination of Gases Generated on Sludge Sites of Sewage Treatment Plants

Background: The study of the impact of gases generated on sludge sites of sewage treatment plants on the population is of increasing interest for science and practice. Objective: To analyze data on quantitative and qualitative determination of gases generated on the sludge sites of sewage treatment plants in order to select priority pollutants to be monitored. Materials and methods: We analyzed sanitary and epidemiological conclusions on projects of sanitary protection zones of 343 sludge sites of sewage treatment plants, design materials for the placement of sewage sludge on silt plots in the town of Zelenogorsk, 23 Russian and foreign literary sources, and best available techniques reference documents. We also conducted our own study that included single sewage sludge sampling in the first half of 2022. Results: Based on the data contained in the attachments to sanitary and epidemiological conclusions, the inventory of emission sources, design materials, and substances included in the production control programs, we selected eight priority pollutants while the results of the literature review demonstrated the importance of 28 chemicals. Measurements were made as part of testing the sample of unknown composition to detect the compounds that could potentially account for malodors from sewage sludge. Conclusion: Based on the analysis of documents, literary sources, and results of testing, we made a list of 48 priority pollutants generated by sewage sludge. This list will be refined as soon as the composition of the sewage sludge sample is specified.

МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЯ МАЛИХ СВИНОФЕРМ ІЗ ЗАМКНУТИМ ЦИКЛОМ ВИРОБНИЦТВА ПРОДУКЦІЇ

The purpose of the research is to assess the relevance of modernization of small pig farms with a closed production cycle. Research methods. Analytical research on the relevance of modernization of small pig farms with a closed production cycle was carried out by the method of processing existing scientific and informational reports. Research results. When organizing pork production at the farm level, the most important measures should be on the production flow, formation of homogeneous technological groups of pigs, herd reproduction, sow keeping, quality of feed rations, creating a proper microclimate, compliance with production technology. One of the main factors holding back the growth of pork production is the lack of feed, their low quality and the constant shortage of digestible protein in feed rations for pigs. The existing premises of small pig farms do not fully meet modern requirements for the maintenance of various technological groups of pigs. The further development of pig farming requires important issues related to sanitary protection zones, animal welfare and environmental protection. It is important to ensure biosafety in pig farming and to implement appropriate veterinary practices and standards. In most pork farms, the genetic potential of domestic pig breeds is now used for reproductive qualities by only 45-50 %, and for fattening by 20-25 %. In the system of qualitative improvement of the breeding stock of farms, the disadvantage is the unsystematic use of reared young pigs, 70% of the products are sold to meat processing plants. When modernizing small pig farms with a full cycle of pork production, among other things, it is necessary to take into account the size and resource characteristics of basic farms to achieve high efficiency of production. Conclusions. According to the results of analytical studies, for the first time the urgency of modernization of small pig farms with a closed production cycle was assessed. The constant shortage of digestible protein in feed rations for pigs is holding back the increase in pork production. Premises of small pig farms do not meet modern requirements for keeping different sex and age groups of pigs. In general, biosecurity and the implementation of good veterinary practices and standards are important in pig farming. There is a low level of realization of the genetic potential of domestic breeds of pigs. The disadvantage should be considered the unsystematic use of raised young. During the modernization of small pig farms, it is necessary to take into account the resource characteristics of farms to achieve high efficiency of pork production. Key words: production, small pig farms, modernization, modern requirements, pig breeding, pork.

STUDY OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC IMPACT OF THE OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINES OF 330 KV ON ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

The analysis of factors and approaches to the conditioning of the electromagnetic impact of 330 kV overhead transmission lines on ecological systems has been carried out. The analysis performed enabled to reveal that the world experience, recording the introduction of the transmission lines of the carrying capacity and reduced environmental impact, including the compact and controlled self-compensating lines, is expedient to take into consideration in the process of the object design, as compared with the transmission line of the conventional construction, operated in Ukraine. The technique of electromagnetic field of the 330 kV overhead transmission lines calculation is improved for the ecological systems and to clarify the width of the sanitary protection zone. Unlike other technique, the given one takes into account the line clearance and the sag of, also this technique is universal as it enables to calculate and analyze the variation of the electromagnetic field of the overhead transmission lines of different construction not only on the line route, but also at a distance from it.

Accounting dust emission in the system of management of ambient air quality

Introduction. The fulfillment of effective measures to manage the level of dust pollution in the atmospheric air of settlements requires correct hygienic assessments of the situation and reliable data on the sources of particulate emissions. The purpose of the study was to substantiate what is need to take into account the entire set of solid emitted components when conducting hygienic assessments of the situation, including the consideration and approval of draft standards for permissible emissions and projects of sanitary protection zones. Materials and methods. On the example of a large industrial enterprise, calculations of the dust emissions dispersion were made with and without taking into account the total mass of solid components. Source parameters are taken according to the enterprise inventory list. Dispersion calculations were carried out using the standardized program “Ecolog-City”. Results. For each individual solid substance at the border of the sanitary protection zone and at the points of the nearest housing no violations of hygienic standards were established to be recorded. The situation was characterized as normative, not requiring measures to improve the safety of the population. The total release of the solid component of emissions (TSP) created an excess of the hygienic standard for the group “suspended substances” (0.5 mg/m3) at the border of the sanitary protection zone. The zone of excess pollution (more than 1 MPC) extended to the residential area. The level of pollution calculated from the totality of solid substances was satisfactorily corresponded with the data of instrumental measurements. Limitations. The limitation of the study is related to the fact that the obtained results characterize a particular enterprise, however, the principal approaches used can be applied to any similar studies. Conclusion. It seems appropriate to harmonize the concept of “suspended matter” with the definition adopted by the World Health Organization, establishing that suspended matter is the total amount of solid particles of organic and inorganic substances. Fixing such a concept in sanitary rules and regulations ensures the correctness of the hygienic assessment of the situation, the comparability of calculated and natural data, the absence of contradictions between the established emission standards for each type of dust and the results of a health risk assessment (performed taking into account the sum of all particulate matter). The use of MPCs for various types of dust remains an important tool for identifying emission sources and preventing the negative impact of dusts with carcinogenic or highly toxic properties.