О показателе защиты населения от вторичных поражающих факторов взрыва при чрезвычайных ситуациях техногенного характера

Abstract

An analysis of existing approaches to assessing the impact of secondary damaging factors of an explosion showed that when calculating the impact zones, only debris and fragments of equipment are considered, and the effect of flying glass fragments is not taken into account. Therefore, management bodies specially authorized to solve the problems in the field of protecting the population and territories from emergencies need to carry out a set of measures in advance to reduce the impact of secondary damaging factors of the technogenic emergencies on the population. A method of protecting the population from secondary damaging factors of explosion is proposed, which consists in substantiating the rational parameters of building elements, in which the protection of the population from secondary damaging factors of explosion in technogenic emergencies will be maximum under existing restrictions. The indicator of human protection from secondary damaging factors of an explosion in emergency situations of a technogenic nature means the probability of not hitting a person with glass fragments. As initial data for determining the index of protection of the population, the distribution of glass fragments by mass and the use of existing approaches to determining the degree of damage to a person by fragments are considered. Based on the graphical dependence of the degree of human injury on the speed and mass of the glass fragment, an analytical view of this dependence was obtained. Based on the previously known threshold values of the degree of human injury by glass fragments, a function of the probability of human injury was obtained. An example of determining the indicator of protection of the population from glass fragments with known initial data is given. The application of the proposed approach will help the management bodies of the Unified State System for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergencies and Hazardous Production Facility to take measures in advance to minimize the consequences of human injury by secondary damaging factors of the explosion, as well as to justify the size of sanitary protection zones.