Dictionary Of Russian Language Research Articles

Complete reduction of unstressed vowels in the standard russian language and its reflection in dictionaries

The article is devoted to the complete reduction of unstressed vowels in the standard Russian language. The article shows that the cases of dieresis of unstressed vowels in the dictionaries of various types are not always represented consistently. For example, in the academic “Dictionary of the Modern Standard Russian language” variants with a graphic reflection of the vowel dieresis are noted in prítolka, páportnik, zhávronok, púgvitsa, but “Great Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language” fixes only the variants púgvitsa, púgvichnikъ. In orthoepic sources, the corresponding pronunciation recommendations are also contradictory: in the “Dictionary of Stress and Pronunciation of Words in the Russian Language” the variants príto[lk]a and próvo[lk]a are marked as incorrect, while in the “Big Orthoepic Dictionary” these variants are recognized as the main ones. The article proposes to distinguish, on the one hand, the lexical or morphological attachment of the vowel dieresis to a specific word or morpheme, and, on the other hand, the actual lexicalization of a pronunciation without a vowel. In the first case, fixing variants with vowel dieresis in orthoepic-type dictionaries seems redundant, since the choice of pronunciation, as a rule, depends on phrasal position and occurs automatically. In the second case, the pronunciation of the words does not necessarily derive from their spelling, and therefore they require orthoepic commentary.

Digital resources in teaching Russian to Chinese students outside of the language environment

Introduction. Relations between China and Russia are becoming increasingly close, resulting in a high demand for Russian language specialists in the labor market. The lack of a language environment in Chinese universities is a pressing problem that teachers would like to solve. Therefore, the active implementation of digital technologies will undoubtedly compensate for this deficiency. The purpose of the study is to analyze the use of Chinese internet resources in teaching Russian language in Chinese universities. Materials and Methods. The study involved undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral students studying in the fields of "Russian as a Foreign Language", "Philology", "Linguistics" and "Russian Literature". A total of 117 respondents from nine higher education institutions in Russia and China. These institutions include Heilongjiang Institute of Foreign Languages, RUDN, Moscow State University, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Russian State University of Tourism and Service, Inner Mongolia University, and Yili Pedagogical University. The research methods employed in the study were analysis of scientific and scientific-methodological literature, observational (monitoring of online and distance learning), diagnostic (interviews with teachers, student surveys), and statistical analysis. Results. It was found that Chinese students do not know which form of education is most preferable outside of the Russian-speaking environment (35.9% – online, 37.61% – in-person, 38.46% – blended). However, respondents (67%) stated that various online resources provide significant help in learning the Russian language. The most popular programs and platforms were Chinese Dingding and Tencent Meeting, international Microsoft Teams and Zoom. Not all Russian-language dictionaries are available online for Chinese people, which is why the share of translation programs assisting in learning Russian language has increased (over 70%). The most frequently used Chinese dictionary was "Qianyiciba" (62%), and the most popular websites include Google Translate, Yudao Translator, Baidu Translate, and Bilibili. It has been proven that among the main problems hindering the process of learning Russian language in online and distance learning formats, psychological discomfort, lack of communication, increase in independent work, and individualization in learning considering the personal needs of students should be highlighted. Conclusion. The results obtained make it possible to determine the prospects for using digital resources in teaching Russian as a foreign language to Chinese students outside of the language environment.

Semantic dominants of 2020 neologisms as a means of coding reality in the Russian language

The relevance of the research is explained by the insufficient studying of the phenomenon of repeating semes in neologisms of a certain time period in the aspect of the interpretative function of language. The purpose of the study is to analyze the semes in the semantic structure of the neologisms of the coronavirus era and to characterize the part of linguistic worldview in the crisis period. The research material included occasional words recorded in Russian media and thematically connected with one theme - the 2020 pandemic. The source of the research is “The Dictionary of Russian Language of Coronavirus Epoch.” The research was conducted within the framework of sociolinguistics with the method of componential analysis of semantics, word-building and context analyzes. In the process of the research, the thematic subgroups were identified; in each subgroup, the occasional nominations were revealed; the means of evaluation were determined (some productive bases - for compounds; word-building formants - for affixal derivatives), and a general interpretive seme was determined (based on the contextual meaning). Finally, the total number of the words connected with a semantic dominant was determined. These data are presented in the summary table which demonstrates the percentage of representation, and hence the degree of significance of each dominant in the process of language coding of reality. As a result of the study, the semantic dominants uniting the occasional words of different authors and demonstrating the typical assessments of COVID-19 are revealed; the degree of frequency of semantic dominants is determined. The novelty of the research is explained by the specifics of the conducted semantic analysis: for the first time, common semes reflecting the peculiarities of the emotional and mental state of the society are revealed on a significant homogeneous array of word-building derivatives.

Русская глубинка: языковая экспликация семантики провинции

The paper discusses the features of expressing the semantics of the province through the “hinterland” naming unit. It is ascertained that this naming unit began to be used in relation to the territory of our country in the XX century. The aim of the research is to determine how the peculiarities of representation of space by the “hinterland” naming unit manifest themselves. Based on the data of Russian language dictionaries, the semantics of the “hinterland” lexeme is described. As a result of continuous sampling from the materials of the Russian National Corpus and the East View Information Services, combinations of the noun “hinterland” with adjectives and participles have been selected. Scientific novelty of the research lies in describing three groups of adjectives characterising the administrative-territorial division of the country, the territories of foreign states, as well as the territory of Russia in relation to national, natural and other features. The research findings have shown that the combinations of the analysed word with adjectives derived from toponyms are the most frequent ones. The phrases characterising the peculiarities of the territory of the state are less frequent, but they possess the qualities of all the representants of the “Province” semantic field: the ability to recursively denote space, express the axiology of a place, etc.

Scientist, enlightener, innovator... (to the 100th anniversary of the birth of N. M. Shansky)

The paper concerns the centenary of M. N. Shansky’s birth and provides a brief overview of those aspects of the scholar’s scientific and creative activity which he was involved in as an initiator of traditions and an innovator. For instance, he authored the first higher education textbook "Phraseology of Modern Russian". Moreover, the structure and content of the textbook "Lexicology of Modern Russian" became models for the authors of other vocabulary textbooks for many decades. The popular science genre of "history of words" targeted at teachers and schoolchildren was developed in N. M. Shansky’s papers and books. The popularisation of the genre in the pages of the "Russian Language at School" journal (N. M. Shansky was its editor-in-chief for over 40 years) made the "history of words" an integral part of the Russian language teaching process. N. M. Shansky played a significant role in the development of Russian phraseology and phraseography. He not only created an expanded, in comparison with V. V. Vinogradov’s, typology of phraseological units of the Russian language, but also authored and co-authored many phraseological dictionaries, including the first etymological dictionary of Russian phraseological units. N. M. Shansky also occupied a special place in the history of Russian lexicography: he authored and co-authored a host of Russian language dictionaries, including the multi-volume "Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language", and several typologically new dictionaries. Moreover, as the author of the lexicography section in a textbook on lexicology, he laid the foundations for the tradition of typologic al characterisation of Russian dictionaries. The content of his essays about dictionaries is also valuable. I prove this thesis in more detail using N. M. Shansky’s essay on the "Shakhmatov’s" academic dictionary of the Russian language. This paper attempts not only to comprehensively characterise the legacy of N. M. Shansky as a lexicologist, phraseologist, lexicographer, and methodologist, but also to emphasise his innovation and the invaluable contribution he made to the development of national science and education.

Abbreviated Construct: Principles of Definition and Description

The article is devoted to the abbreviations basic characteristics determination and the principles of their lexicographic description in the “Dictionary of Russian Language Abbreviations”, created by the Experimental Laboratory of Abbreviation Trends Research at the Russian Language Department of Donetsk National University. The urgency of the work is determined, firstly, by the attempts to give a consistent interpretation of the language unit, which is considered as one of the main means of new nominations forming at this stage of Russian language development and, secondly, by the fact that there are no dictionaries that give a relevant comprehensive description of these language units; the necessity of their creation is to help a native speaker to “model” the meanings of new items on the basis of described semantics and tactics of abbreviated constructs usage. On the one hand, the declared topic involves determining the abbreviated construct status, its similarities and differences with affixoids and words; on the other hand, it is important to establish the unit basic characteristics and describe them in the “Dictionary of Russian Language abbreviated constructs”. There have been studied 590 abbreviated constructs selected from the material of “The Explanatory Dictionary of Russian Abbreviated Words”. The study uses the traditional descriptive method - observation, generalization, interpretation and classification - and the methods and techniques of equivalence analysis developed by the Experimental Laboratory of Abbreviation Studies, which include methods and techniques of prediction and confirmation by means of equivalent texts of equivalence relations between a word and its descriptive equivalent, onomasiological analysis of compound abbreviation meaning structure; analysis of the formal correlation of the abbreviation structure and its descriptive equivalence. The work practical significance is supported by material selection methods and material description that can be used in compiling different types of abbreviations dictionaries: initial abbreviations dictionaries, ideographic abbreviations dictionaries, etc. In addition, dictionary entries of the Abbreviated Constructs Dictionary can be used in explanatory dictionaries so as to describe “complex words first parts”.

It’s Difficult to Get Closure: On the Polysemy of the Words ZAKRYVAT’, ZAKRYVAT’SA, ZAKRYTIE and Its Presentation in the Active Dictionary of Russian Language

In this paper, we observe the typical difficulties of the lexicographical representation of polysemantic words with the same root in a dictionary of an active type. We propose possible solution of the problems in accordance with the theoretical concepts of an active type dictionary (the system principle, the integrality principle and the principle of the user’s convenience) by the case of the entries ZAKRYVAT’, ZAKRYVAT’SA, ZAKRYTIE written by the author for the Active Dictionary of Russian Language. We demonstrate a structure of the polysemy for each word, give a brief comment on the sequence of lexemes, and discuss a question of the symmetrization of the descriptions. The entries are appropriately compared with the same entries in traditional dictionaries. The description is based on the National Corpus of Russian language (www.ruscorpora.ru).

Russian-language dictionary of terms used in clinical electromyography and ultrasound examination of the neuromuscular system

Modern electrodiagnostics (ED) and ultrasound examination of the neuromuscular system dictates the need to use unified terminology in order to avoid inter-expert variability in describing the results of the study and drawing up a conclusion in accordance with international criteria. The results of a survey of clinical electromyography specialists and the methodology of translation of the latest version of the English-language glossary on electrodiagnostic medicine are presented.The purpose of the publication is to popularize the use of modern nomenclature among the professional community. An anonymous survey was conducted on the use of the most common terms ED. The translation of the latest English-language version of the glossary on ED and ultrasound examination of the neuromuscular system was carried out, followed by editing and discussion by an expert group. 236 people from 68 cities of Russia and neighboring countries took part in the survey. The survey results demonstrated maximum disunity, as well as conservatism in the use of terms. The nomenclature of ED terms was first compiled in 1980 by the American Association of Electromyography and Electrodiagnostics and subsequently regularly revised and supplemented in accordance with new data. The unification of terms is necessary for the standardization of conclusions, multicenter research and scientific publications.

Impact of disease information (Ebola and COVID-19) on the pharmaceutical sector in Russia and USA

Objective: identification of the relationship between the news coverage of global diseases and the dynamics of the return on shares of the pharmaceutical sector for Russia and the United States.Material and methods. The empirical base of the study includes more than 700 thousand tweets on Ebola and COVID-19 in Russian and English, news of the RBC news agency. The sentiment of the text was assessed on the basis of five English and four Russian-language dictionaries, the influence of fundamental and textual variables on the profitability of pharmaceutical companies' shares was carried out using the ARMAX-GARCH econometric model.Results. It has been proven that the dynamics of the stock index of pharmaceutical companies is explained by fundamental (economic) and sentimental factors. News of any epidemics negatively affects the pharmaceutical sector in the US and Russia, that is, there are no industries that benefit from this situation. Pandemic news affects US pharmaceutical companies more than Russian companies. The effect of news influence depends on the level of spread of the disease. News influences not only at the moment of their publication, but also after: there is a "delayed effect". Ebola news affects the American pharmaceutical market for 2 weeks, and the dynamics of the increase in influence can be traced. News on the COVID pandemic amplifies its impact during 1 week for the Russian pharmaceutical market and for 2 weeks for the US pharmaceutical companies. As for news sources, the elastic network has identified more significant variables based on publications from RBC; therefore, Internet publications generate more publicity, shaping a more significant overall sentiment in the markets.Conclusion. The models developed in the framework of the study and the economic conclusions obtained have not only theoretical, but also practical significance, and can also be used for further research in this area. It is possible to give recommendations on the practical use of dictionaries to assess the sentiment of the text. In our study, the elastic network method chose the Loughran–McDonald dictionary for evaluating economic texts in English and the EcSentiThemeLex dictionary (designed in R and Python programming environments). Avenues for further investigation may include analysis of other sources of information about the pandemic.

ПРЕДЛОГИ "НА", "ДЛЯ", "К" И "РАДИ" КАК КОРРЕЛЯТЫ ПЕРСИДСКОГО ПРЕДЛОГА "БАРАЙЭ"

In this article, the meanings expressed with the prepositions «на», «для», «к», «ради», which correspond to the preposition “for” in Persian, are examined. One of the problems of Iranian students in learning Russian in the classroom of Iranian audiences is the proper use of Russian prepositions. The reason for this problem is that a preposition in Persian corresponds to different prepositions in Russian. The authors of the paper think that the multiple meanings of Russian prepositions cause many problems; It means that, a preposition in Russian expresses different states and therefore different forms. The purpose of this study is to determine and describe the meanings of the prepositions «на», «для», «к», «ради» as the equivalents of the Persian preposition “for”. Russian Dictionary "Russian Language Dictionary in Four Volumes" edited by A.P. Yevgenova, "Dictionary of Modern Russian literary language" edited V.I. Chernysheva and "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language" S.I. Ozhegov have been selected as linguistic sources in this study. The results of this research can be used in teaching Russian to Iranian audiences, as well as in order to minimize the mistakes of Iranian students when translating the preposition “for” into Russian.

Маркирование кавычками в сибирской публицистике XIX в. как средство актуализации языковых процессов и источник толковой и исторической лексикографии

The article shows the role of quotation marks as a means of actualizing new vocabulary and marking semantic processes and stylistic characteristics of words in the works of Siberian publicists. The material of the essays can serve as an empirical base for the 19th-century differential dictionary and the Great Academic Dictionary of Russian language.

Media text as a reflection of dynamic chronological changes in vocabulary and phraseology

The article deals with the informativeness of the media text in relation to the representation of language dynamic chronological processes. A “dictionary” approach is applied, which is based on the comparison of the language material of modern media with the representation of outdated and neological vocabulary and phraseology in modern Russian language dictionaries of different types. The article describes the functions of outdated vocabulary (traditionally distinguished historicisms and archaisms) and neologisms in the language of modern media, as well as the redistribution of vocabulary between active and passive language stock reflected in the media text. Promptly reacting to all extralinguistic changes, the media text is a source of neologisms in the language, a polygon for using the vocabulary of different epochs in actual meanings and with modern connotations, also it sensitively responds to the process of updating outdated vocabulary in the modern language and demonstrates the redistribution of words and expressions between active and passive language stock. As a result of the analysis of the vocabulary of different chronological layers in comparison of media language materials with lexicographic data, the conclusion is made that when reflecting dynamic chronological processes, the “media text dictionary” should be an interaction and be carried out in both directions. On the one hand, dictionaries of modern Russian draw information about the real functioning of the vocabulary of the passive reserve from the media texts. On the other hand, the use of dictionaries by journalists and knowledge of the conditions for using both outdated vocabulary and emerging neologisms is necessary to avoid speech errors and to achieve the goal of competently using this part of the passive stock of the Russian language.

О словаре чебоксарского региолекта русского языка

This work is devoted to the discussion of the problems associated with the compilation of the the Russian language dictionary of the Cheboksary region speech. The purpose of the work is to consider the macro- and microstructure of the dictionary of speech of the residents of Cheboksary and the agglomeration. The authors use traditional methods of linguistics: descriptive, comparative, contrastive. The article is based on the materials of the designed dictionary, which, in turn, were collected in the course of many years of observation of the speech of the Cheboksary residents in natural conditions. The reaserchers come to a conclusion that he Cheboksary regiolect is an example of a self-sufficient collective idiolect, possessing stable specific uses of literary units of the Russian language. These units can exist not only in the form of published systematized lists or databases, they can also be lexicographic. Presenting the material as a separate vocabulary gives it more weight than publications in the form of small genres. Lexicography offers non-traditional urbanonyms, specific stable phrases and sentences, chuvashisms, which in general can be called cheboksarisms. In a dictionary entry, the required elements are the lemma and its interpretation. At the same time, such elements as transcription of the headword and chuvashism, etymological information, illustrative material can be activated in its composition as needed. By and large, the dictionary is intended not only to provide a scientific understanding of the Cheboksary region, but also to serve as an assertion of the region's self.

Tatar Material Culture Vocabulary in Russian Dictionaries

Kazan Federal University is conducting research on vocabulary reflecting the material and spiritual culture of Tatar people. Applying the continuous sampling method to explanatory and bilingual dictionaries, a vocabulary base has been formed, which served as the basis for the compilation of the Ethnocultural Dictionary of the Tatar Language. Among other lexical groups, the dictionary included the names of clothing, shoes, hats, and elements. The article focuses on the study of clothing terminology of Turkic origin in Russian-language dictionaries. Explanatory, historical, etymological dictionaries of the Russian language, and dictionaries based on the materials of business writing, fiction, etc., include numerous lexical units of this group. The research data prove that increased contacts among speakers of different languages lead to the replenishment of the vocabulary, and eventually to the substitution of a certain part of original and borrowed lexical units that have been in use for several centuries. Besides, the results of the study have contributed to the clarification of the chronological characteristics of lexical units in the historical dictionaries of the Russian language.

Принципы моделирования словарной статьи В «словаре языка русского фольклора: Лексика былины» (М. А. Бобунова, А. Т. Хроленко) Principles of modeling a dictionary article in the «Dictionary of the Russian Folklore: lexicon epics» (M.A. Bobunova, A.T. Khro

В статье названы основные принципы моделирования словарной статьи в «Словаре языка русского фольклора: Лексика былины» (М. А. Бобунова, А. Т. Хроленко), среди которых: принцип лингвоцентризма (репрезентация общечеловеческих когниций в строгом соблюдением традиций лексикографической науки); принцип антропоцентризма (изучение языка как средства человеческого сознания / подсознания); принцип экспансионизма (привлечение материала с различных баз знаний); принцип экспланаторности («объяснительный момент»); фрактальный принцип (синергетичечский потенциал представленного материала: нелинейность и самоподобие; иерархическая организация; нерегулярность; нечеткость границ, перекрестные связи, или нечеткость контуров, размытость; способность к развитию, динамичность и т.д.). Статья также направлена на анализ словарных микроструктур в словаре языка русского фольклора. В результате анализ словарных микроструктур в словаре языка русского фольклора помог проследить соблюдение когнитивно-ориентированных установок, и строгом соблюдением традиций лексикографической науки. Кроме того, поиски новых принципов моделирования словарных микроструктур для словаря языка русского фольклора нового типа. The article describes the basic principles of modeling a dictionary article in the “Dictionary of the Language of Russian Folklore Lexicon epics” (M. A. Bobunova, A. T. Khrolenko). Among such principles are the principle of linguocentrism (representation of universal cognitions in strict observance of the traditions of lexicographic science), the principle of anthropocentrism (language learning as a means of human consciousness / subconsciousness), the principle of expansionism (attracting material from various knowledge bases), the principle of explanatory (explanatory moment), and fractal principle (synergistic potential of the presented material: nonlinearity and self-similarity; hierarchical organization; irregularity; blurred boundaries, cross-links, or blurred contours, blur; ability to develop, dynamism, etc.). The article also aims to analyze the fine lexicographic structures in the Russian-language dictionary of folklore. As a result, the analysis of the fine lexical structures in the Russian folklore dictionary helped to follow the observance of knowledge-oriented systems and strict adherence to the traditions of lexical science. In addition, the search for new principles for the formulation of the lexicon structures of the Russian language dictionary of the new type of folklore.

Composition of the word family with the root * svęt- in historical dictionaries of the Russian language

The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of the word family with the root -свят/свящ- based on historical dictionaries of the Russian language, the purpose of the study is to conduct a preliminary analysis of the presentation of the words of this family in different dictionaries of the Russian language, namely, historical and modern. The statistical approach to lexical data demonstrates that the data obtained from five historical dictionaries contain a large number of words that no longer function in the modern Russian language, compared to certain dictionaries of modern Russian. I.I. Sreznevsky's Dictionary includes 105 words; Dictionary of Old Russian Language (11th–14th centuries) has 73 words; Russian Dictionary XI-XVII Centuries involves 210 words; Dictionary of the Russian Academy includes 61 words; Dictionary of the Church Slavonic language of 1847 has 150 words; Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by Vladimir Dahl involves 124 words. When comparing quantitative data in all the historical dictionaries, the largest group comprises lexemes with the secondary root -свящ-. Moreover, all the words of this word family are not only etymologically related, but have the same root, since they maintain unity in their seme content that allows to analyze the semantic density of the root. In addition, a homogeneous stylistic marking of words of the word family also confirms their affinity, as all the words of this word family are genetically related to Church Slavonic and belong to the religious sphere. Graphs of the use of the words святой, святость (saint, sanctity) and свящeнный (holy) based on the Russian National Corpus demonstrate a decrease in the frequency of these words since the middle of the 19th century, and a comparison of the list of words of this word family from each historical dictionary with the modern linguistic consciousness directly indicates a drastic reduction in quantitative content of this word family, that occurred due to extralinguistic (historical and ideological) reasons.

Способы выражения эмоции РАДОСТЬ в русском рекламном тексте

The article analyzes the ways of expressing the emotion of РАДОСТЬ (HAPPINESS / JOY) in modern Russian advertising texts. The purpose of the article is to identify the main ways of conveying the emotions and emotional states of РАДОСТЬ (HAPPINESS / JOY) and their cultural specificity in the selected Russian advertising texts. To achieve this goal we have formulated the following objectives: 1) To build a lexical and semantic field of the lexeme РАДОСТЬ (“happiness” / “joy”) in Russian; 2) to build an associative field of the lexeme РАДОСТЬ (“happiness” / “joy”) in the Russian language speakers’ consciousness; 3) to identify the main ways of conveying РАДОСТЬ (HAPPINESS / JOY) in the analyzed advertising texts. The sources of materials are: 1) Russian explanatory dictionaries, Russian associative thesauri, and dictionaries of Russian synonyms; 2) a selection of 100 Russian advertising items made by native Russian speakers dating from 11.2019 to 02.2020. In order to create a lexical and semantic field of the lexeme “радость” (happiness / joy), a number of Russian language dictionaries gave been used, for example: the “Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language” by V. I. Dahl, “Explanatory dictionary of Russian language” edited by D. N. Ushakov, “Dictionary of Russian language” by S. I. Ozhegov and N. Yu. Shvedova, etc. Then we checked on the semantic structure of the lexeme “радость” (happiness / joy) in explanatory monolingual dictionaries of the Russian language as well as in the Dictionary of Synonyms. The Russian associative thesaurus (hereinafter RACES?) was used to build an associative field of the lexeme “радость” (happiness / joy) in the Russian language speakers’consciousness. Based on the analysis, 100 advertising contexts were selected and described with regard to the images conveying the emotion and emotional states of “РАДОСТЬ” (HAPPINESS / JOY), such as facial expression, people’s behaviour, the colour of images). We used descriptive and statistical methods, as well as the methods of semantic analysis and linguo-cultural interpretation. The novelty of the research is that it is by far the first to attempt: 1) To build a semantic field of the lexeme “радость” (happiness / joy) based on the lexicographic analysis; 2) to build an associative field of the given lexeme in the Russian language speakers’ consciousness based on the RACES; 3) to identify the main ways of conveying the emotion РАДОСТЬ (HAPPINESS / JOY) in selected Russian advertising texts; 4) to show cultural specificity of the manifestation of the emotion РАДОСТЬ (HAPPINESS / JOY) in the selected Russian advertising texts. In our opinion, the results obtained during the analysis are relevant to the development of text linguistics and linguoculturology. We hope this work will reveal cultural specificity of the emotion РАДОСТЬ (HAPPINESS / JOY) in Russian linguo-culture, and will contribute to efficient intercultural communication between the speakers of Russian and Chinese languages.

СОПОСТАВИТЕЛЬНОЕ ИЗУЧЕНИЕ СЛОВАРЕЙ РУССКОГО И КАЗАХСКОГО ЯЗЫКОВ

Introduction. Now many people believe that any information can be found on the Internet: the interpretation of words, the selection of synonyms or antonyms, the meaning of phraseologisms, translation from one language to another. Yes, it is possible, but the information received over the Internet is not always correct. Therefore, we believe that only in dictionaries can one find reliable, accurate information.The methods. Comparative training presupposes students' readiness to work with dictionaries of the Kazakh language, and on the basis of these skills, a readiness is formed to work with dictionaries of the Russian language. Solving the tasks of forming a multilingual personality, it is necessary to develop the need for students to constantly use dictionaries in order to improve language competence, enrich vocabulary, and independently perform language and speech tasks. For the implementation of intersubject communications in Russian and native languages, an implicit and explicit comparison of universal and specific phenomena of the native and studied languages was used. Results. One of the main goals of studying the Russian language in a school with the Kazakh language of instruction is to master its lexical wealth. Work with the dictionary of the Russian language should begin by repeating information about the identical dictionary of the Kazakh language, with which they are already familiar from the lessons of their native language. After consolidating knowledge of the dictionary of the Kazakh language (consolidation is carried out in the form of questions and answers and completing practical tasks), the teacher can turn to the dictionary of the Russian language. Such use of dictionaries in Russian language lessons in schools with the Kazakh language of instruction not only expands the vocabulary of students, but also helps to increase their level of knowledge of the Russian language, broadens their horizons in general and knowledge of the theory of language in particular, develops skills in working with books, as well as in general their oral and written speech activity. The scientific novelty of the research results. A review and analysis of scientific literature revealed that all methodologists are unanimous in the usefulness and necessity of using dictionaries in the educational process of the school. Types and types of work with dictionaries proposed and developed by specialists at the school are scientifically based and convincing. However, no techn-?que is universal. Each contingent, school, class require their own methodology, interpretation, since national traditions, way of thinking, perception of the world are specific. Therefore, work with dictionaries in schools with the Kazakh language of instruction also requires its scientific justification, the development of its own methodology, namely, training in the use of Russian dictionaries in comparison with dictionaries of the Kazakh language. Conclusion When teaching the Russian language dictionaries, we, based on the principle of interconnected teaching of Russian and Kazakh languages on the material of the dictionaries of the Russian and Kazakh languages, familiarized ourselves with the Russian language dictionary preceded by a repetition of the identical Kazakh language dictionary. Using a concrete example (lecture lesson plan), we showed how the principle of interconnected teaching of Russian and Kazakh languages is implemented on the basis of material from the dictionaries of Russian and Kazakh languages.

СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ В ЛЕКСИКЕ СФЕРЫ ЧАСТНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

The article is devoted to describing semantic peculiarities of the lexemes functioning in the sphere of the modern Russian education. Using the material of the Russian language dictionaries and the Russian National Corpus, the authors trace the origin of the lexemes functioning in the sphere of private education (family tutor, governess, tutoring, mentor, tutorial, coaching). The paper describes the peculiarities of their functioning in the Russian language, considers compatibility properties and identifies the trends of their semantic development.

К вопросу о сходстве мер ассоциации применительно к задаче автоматического извлечения глагольных коллокаций

Извлечение коллокаций представляет собой одну из актуальных задач в обработке естественного языка, результаты которой важны и востребованы в разных областях прикладной лингвистики. Наше исследование посвящено сравнению пятнадцати статистических мер, проведенному на подмножестве русскоязычного корпуса «Тайга». Были рассмотрены автоматически извлеченные глагольные коллокации. В ходе экспериментов изучались отличия между статистичсекими метриками, а также была предпринята попытка найти наиболее эффективную из них для русского языка. Вычислялся коэффициент ранговой корреляции Спирмена между мерами, а также извлеченные словосочетания оценивались относительно данных словаря, то есть проводилось сравнение между полученными автоматически и «вручную» словосочетаниями. Полученные результаты показывают, что некоторые меры показывают сходство и относительную взаимозаменяемость.