Russian Agro-industrial Complex Research Articles

Technologies of the future agro-industrial complex in the aspect of complexity theory

The article is devoted to the problem area of the Russian agro-industrial complex – the complexity of the emerging set of technologies. The focus is on complexity theory, implemented within the framework of synergetics. The range of issues discussed are includes: prerequisites for the formation of complexity theory in agricultural science; creation of a generalized concept of the agricultural technologies complexity; architecture of the complexity of production, processing and food technologies as a whole; features of the mathematical apparatus for modeling agro-industrial complex technological complexes; an emergent effect that arises from the interaction of heterogeneous technologies that have a common goal; designing the complexity of connected technologies; the pace of the combined technologies development; technological requirements for the output parameters of processes throughout the entire technological chain; features of the design of complex technologies with a quantitative assessment of their level of complexity; consideration of a complex technological system as an object of synergetics. Particular attention was paid to the dialectical development of complexes of modern innovative technologies as the theoretical basis for the entry of the Russian agro-industrial complex into the Sixth technological order.

Ecosystem approach то digitization of the agricultural industrial complex

The theoretical foundations of the ecosystem approach to the digitalization of the Russian agro-industrial complex are considered. The hypothesis of this study was the assumption that the digital ecosystem is a higher level of cooperation in the agro-industrial complex, involving the unification of all participants on a digital platform and with the help of digital technologies. Digital ecosystems meet all the requirements of the sixth technological order and allow agricultural producers to move to it at a faster pace. It is shown that digital ecosystems accelerate the process of introducing digital technologies into the agro-industrial complex (its digitalization), thereby contributing to the effective functioning of ecosystems, i.e. these are interrelated categories. It is proposed to understand the digitalization of the agro-industrial complex as “the mass introduction of digital technologies, the increase in the use of digital and/or computer technologies in the economic activities of an individual agro-industrial complex enterprise, a household or the agricultural sector of the economy as a whole." and the “digital ecosystem of the regional agro-industrial complex” is a set of organizational and economic tools, promoting the construction of mutually beneficial production relations between subjects of the region’s agro-industrial complex using a digital platform to increase the share of small and medium-sized agricultural producers in the regional market for agricultural products, and ultimately, to ensure the sustainability of the rural economy through the creation of new cooperative ties.

К ФОРМИРОВАНИЮ МОДЕЛИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ФУНКЦИО-НИРОВАНИЯ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОГО ТРАКТОРА В СОСТАВЕ МТА ПРИ РАБОТЕ НА АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫХ ВИДАХ ТОПЛИВА

The development of the Russian agro-industrial complex provides for increasing the efficiency of the functioning of energy machines while simultaneously reducing energy and labor costs. A promising direction for saving diesel fuel and improving the environmental performance of mobile agricultural machinery is the use of alternative motor fuel. In modern agricultural machines, this will be reflected, first of all, in the parameters of the working process and its flow in the engine, as well as in the indicators of power, fuel efficiency and environmental friendliness of its operation, which, to one degree or another, will lead to changes in the indicators characterizing the operational properties of a machine-tractor unit. The functioning of the engine as a model can be presented in the form of a multi-level and multidimensional system in which the control flows will be indicators of the work process (effective power, indicator pressure, the amount of fresh charge entering the cylinders, etc.), fuel supply parameters (cyclic supply, fuel injection pressure, fuel temperature, etc.), which depend on the physicochemical and operational properties of the alternative fuel. The proposed model provides for the determination of the rational composition of the fuel, technical solutions for adapting the fuel system for the effective supply of alternative fuel to the engine cylinders with the required indicators, as well as determining their influence on the parameters of the operational efficiency of the tractor as part of machine-tractor unit. The obtained numerical values of the parameters of the diesel operating process and fuel supply, depending on the physical-chemical properties of the alternative fuel used, make it possible to determine the performance indicators of the tractor as part of machine-tractor unit and evaluate the efficiency of its operation on various alternative types of fuels, in comparison with using petroleum diesel fuel.

Theory behind an innovative non-disassembly repair technology for assembles in marine, railway, and motor transport, as well as industrial equipment in the Arctic

Tribological compositions on the basis of layered silicates and, specifically, serpentine have been known for over thirty years. Their effectiveness is confirmed by successful application in many industries, in agriculture, on sea and river vessels, on railroads, in mining equipment, on passenger and goods vehicles, as well as by tests conducted at many leading industrial research institutes and universities of the Russian agro-industrial complex. The article presents the theoretical aspects of the technology for applying friction geomodifiers related to innovative nanotechnologies, which enable a significant improvement in the operating characteristics of new, as well as worn-out, expensive equipment containing friction assemblies.The use of the proposed technology for restoring worn-out equipment components under harsh climatic conditions of the Arctic seems particularly feasible and economically justified.

Regulatory Support as a Tool for the Government Management of Digital Transformation in the Russian Agroindustrial Complex

The article deals with the possible increase of the competitiveness of the domestic agro-industrial complex and its main, strategically important sphere - agriculture - through the large-scale introduction of digital technologies that contribute to the growth of labor productivity, quality and production efficiency and ultimately to the sustainable development of the industry. Ensuring the effectiveness of this direction of development is possible only with appropriate regulatory support which is the main criterion for the quality of agricultural policy.

Методы анализа безопасности электроустановок в человекомашинных системах

Increasing the intensification of agricultural production and Improving the quality of life of the rural population is a priority in the development of the agricultural sector of the country's economy. In this regard, the problem reducing man-made threats of accidents and injuries to people, fires, as well as increasing the reliability and safety of electrical installations, including electrical networks and technological electrical equipment is currently important and timely. This problem is especially acute as a result of the aging of the industry's fixed assets. The electric power park of the Russian agro-industrial complex mainly consists of exhausted electrical equipment, the wear of which exceeds a critical level (~ 70%): The state of technological safety of electrical installations today cannot be considered satisfactory. Every year, more than 4,500 people die in the public utility sector alone, about 30 thousand become disabled, while the countryside accounts for about 70% of the total number of electrical injuries. Fires caused by electric current as a result of short circuits and damage to the insulation of electrical wiring also pose a serious threat. The current situation poses a threat to the national security of the country, which necessitated the inclusion of the problem of technological safety in the list of critical technologies approved by the President of the Russian Federation in 2002. Keywords: ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION, RISK, HUMAN-MACHINE SYSTEM, SOFT COMPUTING, DAMAGE, SIMULATION MODELING, EXPERT SYSTEM

Models for increasing productivity based on the integrated application of agricultural digital twins

The operating conditions of the Russian agro-industrial complex today are characterised by unfair competition in global markets and objective transformation processes. Changes in agricultural production technologies and the digitalisation of all production areas require a restructuring of the work of farming organisations. At the same time, the indicated structural changes at the level of agricultural producers should be based on an analysis of objective production and economic indicators: yield and profitability. The purpose of the study is to model the process of increasing the yield of grain crops due to the use of digital twins in various areas of agricultural production. Research objectives: to identify models for the use of digital twins in the production of grain crops; develop introductory methodological provisions for creating a digital twin of agricultural specialisation; outline the current and future role of digital twins in agricultural production. Scientific novelty and practical significance of the research results: models for the use of digital twins of agricultural specialisation at the stages of the production process and infrastructure sectors for its support have been developed; conceptual provisions of methodological recommendations for the development of digital twins of agricultural specialisation have been formulated; the current and future significance of digital twins in the process of increasing grain yields has been determined, as well as the prospects for their use in the agricultural sector.

Institutional responses to the challenges of the Russian agro-industrial complex

The work is devoted to the complex issues of the influence of the theoretical prerequisites of institutional and neo-institutional economic theory on the sustainable development of the agricultural sector. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the scientific theoretical foundations of institutional and neo–institutional economic theories as the basis for regulating the agricultural sector. The methodological basis of the study is an integrated approach, which examines the challenges facing the Russian agro-industrial complex and possible institutional solutions to emerging barriers. The conceptual foundations of the institutional movement at the first stage of its development and their relation to state regulation are shown. The main provisions of the theory of dirigisme and new industrial society are shown. The scientific foundations of the neo-institutional school of economic theory are formulated. It is shown that the main institutions require maximum attention from the state to ensure their functioning, sustainable long-term development of the economic system, and the social well-being of the country’s citizens. The main functions of the state, its boundaries and effectiveness conditions in the new institutional theory are defined. The main institutional mechanisms for improving institutions in the Russian agricultural sector to ensure long-term sustainable economic growth are identified: market institutions; national institutes of economic development; state institutions of economic growth in the agricultural sector; institutes for reducing volatility. The presented model allows, unlike traditional approaches, to be based on the historical development of the institutional environment, which allows to assess the justification for changing institutions in agriculture; allows to assess the compatibility of ongoing institutional changes with the established institutional environment.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF MILK RATINGS IN THE ASPECT OF PROVIDING THE POPULATION OF RUSSIA WITH HIGH-QUALITY FOOD

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF MILK RATINGS IN THE ASPECT OF PROVIDING THE POPULATION OF RUSSIA WITH HIGH-QUALITY FOOD

New conditions for the formation of national food security

Russia’s national food security is formed in the new conditions of interstate interaction in the markets of agro-industrial complex products. Historically, the country is the largest exporter of grain, the production of which forms the basis of the Russian agro-industrial complex. Grain production volumes are a new factor in modeling the country’s food security and independence in the world agricultural markets. Growing volumes of grain exports from Russia ensure the profit of the industry’s enterprises and sustainability of territorial development of the regions. The country is provided with basic foodstuffs of both plant and animal origin by 85-90%. At the same time there is still a problem of uneven distribution of production on the territory itself, there is still a problem with the shortage of processing and storage facilities, qualified specialists for work in rural areas. The emerging difficulties in logistics, supplies, market closures in 2022 were successfully overcome and new routes for the export of Russian food raw materials were formed.

Digital potential of the Russian agro-Industrial complex based on the results of technological innovations

The article analyzes the current state of innovation activity and the fundamental features of technological development in the agricultural sector of the economy, identifies barriers and prerequisites for the transition to digital transformation, and demonstrates the results of the introduction of domestic technological innovations. In the context of modern realities, innovations are becoming a fundamental component of the development of the national economy. The process of digitalization for the agro-industrial complex is due to the urgent need to increase the efficiency and sustainability of its functioning through radical transformations of managerial efficiency by technological processes and decision-making processes at all levels of the hierarchical ladder, based on innovative approaches to production and the subsequent application of information data on the state of controlled elements and subsystems and forecasting their potential adjustments, as well as economic conditions in the agricultural sector. The practice of a global scale and the experience of authoritative domestic agricultural producers illustrate that the use of modern technological solutions contributes to ensuring optimal soil, agrotechnical and organizational and territorial conditions, which make it possible throughout the full life cycle of agricultural products to contribute to an increase in yield and labor productivity, reduce material costs for fuels and lubricants (F&L), electricity, plant protection products (PPP), wages and other types of expenses, maintaining soil fertility and preserving the environment. Increasing and stimulating innovative and technological activity in the agro-industrial complex will also increase production volumes, increase the competitiveness of domestic agricultural products, eliminate the problem of import substitution and increase the level of profitability of agricultural enterprises.

СТИМУЛИРОВАНИЕ РАЗВИТИЯ ОТРАСЛЕЙ АПК В ЦЕЛЯХ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОЙ САМООБЕСПЕЧЕННОСТИ И ИМПОРТОЗАМЕЩЕНИЯ НА ПРИМЕРЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН

The Russian agro-industrial complex makes a significant contribution to the development of the country's economy. However, Russian agricultural producers are characterized by low competitiveness on the world market, as evidenced by a small volume of imports and a significant volume of exports. In the conditions of an unstable political and economic situation in the Russian Federation, increasing the competitiveness of the domestic agro-industrial complex is a priority task of the Government of the country. Purpose of the study: to develop a new concept for developing a strategy for increasing the competitiveness of Russian agricultural producers in order to strengthen economic stability and efficiency of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation using the example of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Tatarstan. Object of study: agro-industrial complex of Tatarstan. Research results: the article reveals the development strategy of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Tajikistan, ensuring the competitiveness of agricultural producers, as well as the mechanisms for its practical implementation, the necessary measures of state support for agricultural producers under sanctions. The scientific novelty of the research results lies in the development of a scientific concept for stimulating the development of agricultural sectors in order to ensure food self-sufficiency and import substitution, which includes the justification of its organizational and economic mechanism and the formation of an implementation strategy.

РАЗВИТИЕ МАТЕРИАЛЬНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЙ БАЗЫ АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА В УСЛОВИЯХ ВНЕШНЕЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ САНКЦИЙ

The formation of the agro-industrial complex and ensuring the country’s food security in the current geopolitical conditions is possible only on the basis of strengthening and developing its material and technical base, which over the years of institutional reforms has largely become dependent on imported equipment and technologies. The withdrawal from the Russian market of suppliers of imported agricultural machinery from unfriendly countries, as a result of sanctions imposed by Western countries, provoked an increase in prices for it, which led to a reduction in the provision of basic types of agricultural machinery to agricultural producers. Thus, in 2021, the provision of agricultural organizations in the country with tractors was 3.5 times lower, and with grain harvesters 3.2 times lower than the average for 1980-1990, which indicates a steady downward trend in the provision of agricultural producers with material and technical resources. Domestic machine builders and manufacturers of agricultural machinery are not yet able to ensure the production and supply to the agricultural sector of the required number of high-performance, energy-rich and inexpensive agricultural machines and mechanisms. The current state of the material and technical base of the agro-industrial complex requires its significant strengthening, which is impossible without adjusting the existing agricultural policy of the state in the direction of allocating significant additional budgetary funds for the development of the material and technical base of the agro-industrial complex, restoring soil fertility, domestic agricultural engineering, improving selection and seed production , eliminating the disparity in prices for agricultural and industrial goods, ensuring the technological and technical independence of the Russian agro-industrial complex from other countries. It is also necessary to improve the work of regional authorities to strengthen the material and technical base of agricultural units in their regions, to create effective mechanisms for public-private partnerships to improve the efficiency of agricultural producers.

Methodological Approaches to the Classification of Risks to Sustainable Development of the Agro-food Complex of Russia

The relevance of the proposed topic is due to the need to develop the theory and methodology to improve the sustainability of the Russian agro-food complex (AIC) in the face of various kinds of risks. The article describes the agro-food complex as a complex and open socio-ecological and economic system in which socio-economic processes are closely related to the biophysical environment. A methodical approach to the classification of risks of the agro-food complex based on the principles of sustainable development, combining social, economic and environmental components, is proposed. A meaningful analysis of economic, social and environmental risks in the Russian agro-industrial complex has been carried out. A comparative analysis of the list of risks in the current regulatory and legislative framework that determines the development of the agro-food complex is presented. It has been established that as macroeconomic trends and internal priorities of socio-economic development change, so do the directions of agri-food policy. The strengthening of the influence of external destabilizing factors required a focus on solving the problem of maintaining the sustainability of agri-food systems, which is expressed primarily in maintaining the integrity of food chains, ensuring the physical and economic availability of high-quality food by intensifying reproduction processes. Environmental priorities have faded into the background. It is substantiated that, regardless of belonging to a classification group, the total set of risks inherent in agri-food systems does not change. Economic, social and environmental risks are interconnected, therefore, the importance of each of the considered types of risks in the development of the agro-industrial complex is not reduced.

Агропромышленный комплекс России и Волгоградской области: особенности импортозамещения в условиях санкционного давления

The priority areas of import substitution in the agro-industrial complex and their prospects in the conditions of sanctions pressure, acting as a strategic factor in the development of the Russian economy, require extraordinary decisions from it. The purpose of this article is to consider the features of the implementation of import substitution in the agro-industrial complex in the country and the Volgograd region. The modern realities of economic development under sanctions are actively restructuring the activities of agricultural enterprises to comply with new rules. The current situation in the country is considered by representatives of agribusiness and the state not as a period of crisis, but, on the contrary, as a prospect for increasing their capabilities: the range of their own products is expanding, new customers are being attracted, the domestic market is aimed at providing high-quality goods of domestic production. In recent years, there has been an increase in production capacity in the agro-industrial complex; the results of the import substitution process are characterized by positive dynamics. Thus, the production complex for drying vegetables in the Volgograd region is a successful example of the implementation of the import substitution policy and proves the region’s potential in this area. The region has sufficient resources for long-term agricultural development. Timely measures taken to support the industry stabilized the situation in conditions of geopolitical tension, which allows us to assert the status of the region as one of the flagships of the Russian agro-industrial complex. The significant scale of involvement of the Russian economy in the global world does not allow the country to completely avoid import substitution. There is no urgent need and possibility of producing all goods; The question is raised about creating our own technologies, goods and services, which are critically important for the country and could become competitive. Therefore, in the near future, it is necessary to strengthen the role of the state from the position of searching for new high-quality partners, adopting appropriate legislative innovations that ensure sovereignty in this area, and increasing the financial component of support for farmers.

Аграрное российско-белорусское пространство на пути углубления управленческих отношений с акцентом на приграничные субъекты специализированного хозяйствования

The article is devoted to the consideration of the issues of macroeconomic management of the placement and specialization of certain sub-sectors of agriculture of the border geostrategic Cen-tral macro-region of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation in the context of the development of a common agro-food market in the integration process with the Republic of Belarus. The analysis of the state of cooperation between the subjects of the Russian-Belarusian border shows that both of them do not sufficiently use the logistical proximity for more effec-tive management of specialization and concentration of agricultural production, since the indica-tors characterizing it are not higher than the average country parameters. One of the essential features of the functioning of the Russian-Belarusian agrarian borderland is the radiation pollu-tion of the territories of the subjects under consideration, which leaves its imprint on the system of agriculture and farming, requiring close macroeconomic management intervention, insuffi-cient at present. To change this situation, it is recommended to create a single management body for the contaminated territories of the Union State, with the formation of a kind of decontamina-tion agrarian economy here. Different results of agrarian reform in Russia and the Republic of Belarus, including in the border territories, indicate that the so-called "points of advanced growth" are being identified in Belarus, the basis of which is a socio-economic mechanism of an integration nature, when the agricultural production of goods of a number of industries has reached an export-oriented level here, with the export of this products to all continents of the world. Such a scientific macroeconomic approach of Belarusians is a visual algorithm for im-proving managerial relations in the Russian agro-industrial complex.

Trends in the Production of Crop Products in the Context of the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation

Relevance. The market for agricultural products and its production itself continues to be one of the most important indicators of the country's food security, the protection of citizens and the export item that always consistently brings income to any state.The purpose is to consider the dynamics of achieving the main targets for crop production in the Russian Federation and to identify the nature of the problems associated with the under-fulfillment of some indicators.Objectives: to study the indicators of export/import of agricultural products in accordance with the indicators of domestic consumption and sown areas; correlate the country's agricultural development indicators for 2021 with the indicators of the Food Security Doctrine; identify problems and ways to solve the further development of crop production in the Russian Federation.Methodology. The study used data from FAOSTAT, a database administered by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and used online databases from domestic databases from Rosstat, Rosreestr, and the Federal Customs Service of Russia.Results. The commodity structure of exports / imports of the Russian Federation for crop products for 2021, the dynamics of expansion and the structure of sown areas of agricultural crops are analyzed; presented withthe knowledge of achieving the planned values of indicators for 2021. It is proved that Russia has achieved food security values in almost all key areas: grain, vegetable oil, sugar, etc.Conclusions. Thus, the results obtained showed that there are still a number of unresolved problems, including investment in domestic agricultural science and their effectiveness, a reduction in the personnel potential of the innovative activity of the Russian agro-industrial complex, inefficiency of communications between key stakeholders, resource provision of the agro-industrial complex.

Digitalization of the Russian Agro-Industrial Complex: Modern Trends and Development Problems

The study’s relevance is determined by the fact that digital transformation of the agro-industrial complex will help to cope with the global and national challenges facing agro-industrial production in Russia. This paper will explore the factors influencing the digitalization of the agro-industrial complex. The study hypothesizes that the existing institutional environment and unavoidable risks of the digital gap present the main obstacles to the digital transformation of the Russian agro-industrial complex. The study employs the following research methods in the framework of the evolutionary approach: structural and functional, temporal and spatial, comparative and documentary analysis, along with statistical and graphical techniques. Special attention in the research methods was paid to drawing a comparison between the digital transformation of the agro-industrial complex in Russia and on a global scale. By using the proposed methods, analyzing trends and institutional backing for digital transformation in the agro-industrial complex is possible. Consequently, the factors and conditions that cause and lessen the digital divide in Russia’s agricultural sector were determined. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the identification and analysis of digital gaps (industrial, intra-industrial, time-related, human resource, social, market, and transformational ones) that inhibit the digital transformation of the agro-industrial complex. In this research, the authors prove that bridging these digital gaps will expedite the agro-industrial complex’s shift to Agriculture 4.0 in Russia.

Agricultural workers’ labour satisfaction dependence in Russia with the use of the internet in professional activities

Digitalization process in the Russian agro-industrial complex is connected with an increase in the need for highly qualified personnel with competencies in the field of information and communication technologies. One of the most important incentives for consolidation highly professional personnel in rural areas is a high degree of employee satisfaction with the results of their work. The article purpose is to determine the influence degree of the Internet use by Russian agricultural workers for professional purposes on various aspects of their labour satisfaction. Based on data from The Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey – Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE) from 2010 to 2021, a various aspects’ comparative dynamic analysis of the labour satisfaction level of Internet users and non-users for production purposes, as well as the dynamics analysis of the Internet use by agricultural workers with the dynamics of job satisfaction level various aspects was carried out. Correlation analysis determined the influence degree of professional Internet use on the level of labour satisfaction; a dependence modeling between various aspects of labour satisfaction on the using the Internet intensity for professional purposes was accomplished. It is established that the information and communication technologies’ use increases the degree of satisfaction with various aspects of labor activity, having a special impact on professional growth opportunities. However, the growth of digital competencies raises the employees’ ambition level and, accordingly, decreases the level of his or her labour satisfaction. In order to consolidate highly professional personnel in the industry, a multi-faceted approach is needed, including all possible mechanisms of social and economic support that contribute to growth the satisfaction level of an agricultural employee with the results of his or her labor activity.

Innovative Technology Complexity Assessment of the Russian Agro-Industrial Complex

The article concerns some aspects of technologies development for the future agro-industrial complex. The focus is on the systems complexity concept. The range of issues discussed are the following: analysis and synthesis tasks of technological systems; the technological system behavior in conditions of interaction with the external environment; the characteristic features of a complex technological system – integrity, openness, nonlinearity, hierarchy, structure degree, emergence, dynamism, instability, adaptability; the quantitative structure complexity assessment of elements depending on the composition (type, number); the quantitative structure complexity assessment of communications depending on the composition (type, number); the quantitative technology complexity assessment as a whole; the technological system complexity assessment study through the complexity categories of equipment maintenance implementing this technology; the equipment maintenance complexity category as a processes complexity measure in the technological flow; the features of complex technologies development with a quantitative assessment of their complexity level; the analysis of complex technological system as synergetics object. A man paid special attention to the dialectic of agricultural technologies, which complication was a natural historical process.