Russian Agro-industrial Complex Research Articles

Future agro-industrial technologies and food security in advanced engineering education

The article is devoted to some aspects of creating technologies and equipment for the future agro-industrial complex of Russia. The focus is on the dependence of the solution to the issues of the accelerated development of the agro-industrial complex on the intellectualization of the educational process in higher education. The range of issues discussed includes: the role of fundamental science in the development of the country's agro-industrial complex; a new paradigm of scientific activity; close relationship of agricultural scientists and scientists of the food and processing sectors of the agro-industrial complex; quality of engineering education; the concept of advanced education and its fundamental orientation towards the future; the transition from the sum of scattered special knowledge to a system of knowledge in the form of a set of textbooks in special disciplines; description of a set of 19 books "Engineering of food technology". Particular attention is paid to the relationship between the future of the agro-industrial complex and the system of advanced engineering education. What does it take to achieve the goals of advanced engineering education? First, to expand the vector of work of professors, teachers and students from the transfer and assimilation of pragmatic knowledge to the formulation and solution of the problems of the agro-industrial complex. Secondly, to widely introduce methods of self-education based on information and telecommunication technologies, which is especially important for Russia, which has a huge territory. Third, to implement the ideas of advanced education in order to prepare students for the perception of the agro-industrial complex of the future. Therefore, the intellectualization of the educational process should be considered as a problem of today and a key to the country's food security.

КОНЦЕПЦИЯ УТИЛИЗАЦИИ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ТЕХНИКИ И ОБЩИЕ ПРИНЦИПЫ ЕЕ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ

In a broad sense, the utilization of agricultural machinery is a set of technical, organizational, economic, legal, financial and environmental measures to ensure the effective utilization of agricultural machinery, its aggregates (compo-nents of the technical base) at the final stage of the life cycle in order to maximize involvement in economic turnover. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing the work of foreign and domestic authors related to the formation of a resource-saving, environmentally-oriented system for recycling equipment. (Materials and methods) The article presents diverse studies in various areas, in which various materials and methods were used. Authors used a large amount of data characterizing the possibilities of creating a system for recycling agricultural ma-chinery in the agro-industrial complex of Russia, based on the state of the agricul-tural machine-tractor fleet, its age characteristics and the ability of engineering enterprises to carry out this type of activity. The obtained information was processed using statistical analysis methods. (Results and condemnation) The developed con-cept determines the necessity of creating a specific (industry-specific) system for the disposal of agricultural machinery in the agro-industrial complex of Russia as a component of a unified system for the disposal of machinery. (Conclusions) The conducted research showed that Russia is significantly lagging behind foreign countries in solving the problem of recycling equipment, so the best option can be considered to be working out the recycling mechanism in the process of building a local (industry) recycling system at the regional level. This will allow us to work out the elements of the national system for the disposal of decommissioned equip-ment in a relatively short time with minimal expenditure of various kinds of resources. The article presents the amount of subsidies for the creation of a specific system for the disposal of agricultural machinery in Russia.

Strategic Management as a Basis of Sustainable Development in Agricultural Production

Aim. The presented study aims to substantiate a structural model for developing a sustainable development strategy in agricultural production, making allowance for changes in the level of impact of environmental factors.Tasks. The authors determine the reasons why the Russian agro-industrial complex (AIC) is lagging; identify the specific aspects of forming a strategy for the sustainable development of regional AICs; formulate urgent problems of sustainable development for the agri-food sector of the Russian economy at the federal, regional, and enterprise levels.Methods. This study uses a reasonable and objective approach to the problem of applying strategic management as a foundation for the sustainable development of agricultural production based on the knowledge of the laws of development of socio-ecological and economic systems and a study of multidirectional factors of the external and internal environment. The methodological basis for the sustainable development of agricultural production includes the concept of sustainable development as a priority at the macroeconomic level; strategy as a planning tool based on consistency with programs implemented at the federal, regional and municipal levels of public administration; methods and tools of strategic management at AIC enterprises.Results. The key aspects of the institutional-synergetic approach to the sustainable development of the AIC include the need to coordinate all factors by forming coherent goals not only among economic and financial institutions, but also for technopolises that combine scientific, industrial, financial, and entrepreneurial capital into one system cluster structure. The authors formulate the stages of implementing a strategy for the sustainable development of regional AICs, making it possible to come up with measures aimed at reorganizing the structure of the agricultural sector and to overcome the negative manifestations of crises in the Russian economy, thus minimizing their consequences.Conclusions. During the development of a strategy for the sustainable development of regional AICs, a multiplicative effect arises, making it possible to activate innovation policy and boost the development of other sectors of the economy, improving the population’s quality of life. When developing a strategy at the microeconomic level, it is necessary to make allowance for the specifics of the industry and the mission of a modern agro-industrial enterprise and to focus on solving problems formulated based on the trinity of goals of social, environmental, and economic long-term sustainable development.

State support of the Russian agro-industrial complex in the digital economy

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to solve the problem of the development of state regulation of the functioning of the agro-industrial complex in the context of digital transformation, as well as the development and justification of ways to improve its efficiency. The existing system of state regulation does not fully take into account the needs of the agro-industrial complex in the development of digital transformation and is not sufficiently focused on stimulating the introduction of digital technologies. The scientific novelty of the study is to clarify the methodology for evaluating the implementation of the state program for the introduction of the digital economy. To analyse the effect of the introduction of digital technologies in agriculture, we have clarified the methodology for calculating the efficiency assessment. We have proposed a new model for the successful transition to digital technology of agricultural enterprises.

ИННОВАЦИОННЫЙ АСПЕКТ РАЗВИТИЯ АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА В РЕГИОНАХ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

The research is devoted to the search for more effective ways of developing the modern Russian agro-industrial complex based on the creation of new tools and models of innovative renewal. The authors proceed from the imperative of the regional development of this economic sector, as the most popular and having established trends that suggest an algorithm for further effective progressive movement. The existing both domestic and foreign experience acquired in this direction is analyzed. It seems to the authors that the algorithms of the system development vectors obtained on the ground can be successfully used, after the application of adaptive smoothing, in most subjects of the Russian Federation. During the study of the material, systematic, complex, situational and process approaches are used, as well as methods of multifactor analysis. The rationale for the competent combination and implementation of the symbiosis of the entire experimental layer accumulated in our country and abroad is given.

НИВЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМНЫХ ВАРИАЦИЙ РАЗВИТИЯ АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА РОССИИ НА ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОМ УРОВНЕ

In this work the development of agro-industrial complex (agrarian and industrial complex) is reflected in Russia on the periods of development and the problems arising at the same time and also solutions of these questions. The prospects for the development of agro-industrial complex in Russia at present and the mechanisms for regulating these processes have been investigated. The role of the state in the regulation and development of agro-industrial complex is considered. Methods, management bodies and territorial features of state regulation of agro-industrial complex in Russia have been studied.

Implementation of Russian Transport and Logistics Potential in the Export of Grain Products

The article reflects the current state of logistics transport capabilities aimed at expanding the trade potential of the Russian agro-industrial complex on the example of the grain industry. The authors note that one of the components of successful foreign economic relations is the degree of development of distribution processes both within a single state and in the global economy. The transport capabilities of an individual state affect the intensity of trade relations no less than resource and production ones. The conducted study of the state of transport capabilities has revealed the lack of development of the latter, especially railway transport and grain transshipment capabilities in seaports, which prevents an increase in the volume of grain exports to strategic foreign partners. This, in turn, has determined the importance of the topic and required an analysis of the state's activities to reform the logistics capabilities of the transport infrastructure. Contradictions between the state policy in the field of transport infrastructure development and its real results have been revealed. Using the example of sea transportation, the authors have analyzed the capacity of key ports that transship grain for export.

ЦИФРОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОМ КОМПЛЕКСЕ

The article discusses the conditions for the introduction of digital technologies in modern agriculture in Russia. The features of the Russian agro-industrial complex that have the greatest impact on the efficiency of digitalization of agriculture are analyzed. The aim of the study is to identify the impact of digital technologies on agriculture. The article is based on the scientific works of Russian and foreign scientists and agencies. The paper also uses a set of scientific approaches and methods that are based on theoretical and methodological research of the latest digital technologies and the possibility of their integration into the agricultural sector. The growth of both the capacity and the need for data collection, management and analysis can lead to a fundamental change in the organization of the food system. Digital including some end-to-end technologies, are making significant changes in the agricultural sector, from the automation of agricultural machinery to the optimization of the agri-food supply chain and the cost of resources, including human labor. The article analyzes the external and internal drivers of digitalization of agriculture. Brief characteristics of the latest technologies are given, and a study of their potential and possible application in agriculture is conducted. Various ways of digitalization are analyzed, from the application of low-tech solutions using the simplest technologies for obtaining management recommendations to high-tech smart farming which include a variety of sensors, the Internet of Things, big data analytics, robotics and artificial intelligence for process automation. The article examines the opportunities and problems that these innovations cause, the current state of the introduction of digital technologies in Russia, and analyzes the experience of various countries in the use of these technologies in agriculture.

КОМПЛЕКСНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ СИСТЕМ ЭКОНОМИИ ТОПЛИВНО-СМАЗОЧНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ ПРИ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ ТЕХНИКИ

The agro-industrial complex of Russia is one of the main consumers of petroleum products. The volume of work in agriculture, the loading of equipment when performing field and transport work place increased demands on the quality of fuels and lubricants. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in compilation of a comprehensive analysis of domestic and foreign sources to obtain detailed characteristics of fuel and lubricants economy systems. (Materials and methods) The article presents the methods of economical use of fuel and lubricants based on domestic and foreign sources, information about the quality and range of oils used in the agro-industrial complex of Russia. The article considers the basics of rational use of waste materials, ways to clean them from contamination, presented technologies and technical means for the recovery (regeneration) of waste oils. (Results and discussion) Currently existing fuel and lubricant saving systems do not fully meet the requirements of resource saving and environmental standards. The use of recommendations, guidelines, regulatory and technical documentation on this problem in the developed system of fuel and lubricants economy will allow consumers of the agro-industrial complex to reduce fuel costs by 7-25 percent; reduce friction losses by 3-5 times; restore the geometry of worn friction surfaces; increase the engine power by 5-10 percent; extend the life of the engine and mechanisms by 8-12 percent. (Conclusions) The developed regulatory framework, theoretical and methodological provisions will allow the management departments of the agro-industrial complex at the regional (district) level and large agricultural enterprises to develop and implement scientifically based solutions for organizing the processes of saving fuel and lubricants during the operation of agricultural machines and aggregates.

Agrifood export potential of the Russian Federation: challenges and opportunities

The article is devoted to the search for opportunities to expand agrifood export potential of the Russian Federation in the rapidly changing landscape of global development. Despite the improved country’s position in the ranking of the world’s main food exporters at the end of 2020, there are a number of problems that hinder the achievement of the ambitious goal, set by the President in 2018 — the supply of agricultural products to the world market, equivalent to 45 billion dollars by 2025. Among these are: limited production opportunities for increasing exports while saturating the domestic market, inadequacy of the methodology for calculating the self-sufficiency ratio with the status of Russia as a food-exporting country, traditionally and mainly raw materials and grain export orientation, not corresponding to the actual capabilities of the Russian agroindustrial complex high expectations of an increase in supplies to the Chinese market, an increase in domestic food prices in retail and, as a result, a deterioration in food security in terms of economic availability for the population. The author put forward a proposal to revise the methodological approach to the assessment of the food self-sufficiency ratio and the subsequent determination of export product groups and the corridor of maximum permissible exports for them. It is concluded that export restrictions are justifi ed only for those commodity groups for which food independence has not been achieved. The need to diversify the export supply through the creation of a new commodity mass with added value produced on the territory of Russia is noted. The article emphasizes the principality of creating the food image of Russia as a producer of environmentally friendly safe products, and performing advertising campaigns when entering the Chinese market.

Transformation of the Russian agro-industrial complex in the digital economy

Transformation of the Russian agro-industrial complex in the digital economy

State and development prospects of the repair and maintenance base of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation

The state of the repair and maintenance base (RMB) of the agro-industrial complex of Russia is investigated. The agricultural machinery park was analyzed. Measures are proposed to improve the effectiveness of RMB. Keywords: agro-industrial complex, agricultural machinery, repair and maintenance base. ykataev@rgau-msha.ru

Disposal of agricultural machinery and equipment as a socio-economic problem of the agricultural industrial complex of Russia

The work provides information on the disposal of equipment in the agro-industrial complex of Russia, gives a brief analytical review of foreign sources on the state of the issue in question in other economically developed countries. The necessity of creating a resource-saving ecological-oriented system "Agricultural recycling" in the AIC of Russia is explained. A brief economic justification for the formation of this system and the calculation of the necessary financial resources are given. It also provides information on the direct executors of the functioning of the "Agricultural recycling" system in the person of manufacturers, specialized enterprises of the engineering sector of the AIC, research institutes and other interested enterprises and organizations. Proposals are given on the step-by-step implementation of the project to create the “Agricultural Recycling” system in the next 2-3 years.

Current Conceptual Problems of the Russian Agrarian-Industrial Complex Digitalization in the Globalization Content

The modern global economy is becoming more digital, and at great speed, intensity, and scale. Its international universal ‘language’ is information technology. Only this ‘language’ is objectively possible to ‘understand’, to interact concerning isolated, national reproductions taking place in many states. It is the need for this understanding, as well as for its practical use, that act as the criteria reasons for digitalization of the national economy of Russia as a whole, and its organic component - the agro-industrial complex.
 Another reason, is the economic necessity of the above-mentioned phenomenon, which allows receiving, store and transmit information about counterparties, tariffs and make contracts, make fuller use of limited resources, and in the best way satisfy both production and personal needs of various subjects in real-time [1].
 The article reveals the content of the modern stage of the Russian agro-industrial complex digitalization in its integrity and specificity

Influence of trends in the development of the Russian agro-industrial complex on the introduction of integrated reporting of agricultural enterprises

In this article, the main program documents for the development of the Russian agro-industrial complex are considered, the dynamics of the cost of agricultural gross output is revealed, the factor analysis of milk production in the Russian Federation is carried out, the factors of increasing milk production are determined, the risks in the field of food security are considered, the trends of changes in the engineering infrastructure in rural areas are revealed, the decrease in the import of basic food and the excess of the threshold values of indicators of food independence (selfsufficiency) are revealed.) Of the Russian Federation in 2019 for basic food products. Based on the analysis of the state of agriculture in Russia, the trends that led to the need for the introduction of integrated reporting for agricultural enterprises are highlighted.

Application of digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex of Russia

Digital technologies are increasingly used in all segments of agriculture. Improving the efficiency of agricultural enterprise management through digitalization technologies helps to maintain competitiveness in the market. To make the right management decisions, you need information, data that allows you to collect technologies such as satellite images, high-tech sensors, GPS systems, and more. The apogee of the digitalization process of the enterprise will be the transition to precision farming. The paper presents data analyzed by the Department of Science and Technology Policy and Education of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation together with the Center for Forecasting and Monitoring of the Kuban State Agrarian University. The collection of statistical information is organized through the regional governing bodies of the agro-industrial complex on the use of elements of precision agriculture in 2019.The article explores the role of digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex, notes the benefits from the use of digital technologies, characterizes pressing economic and economic issues and problems that hinder the development of the agro-industrial complex ( Agro-industrial complex). It also provides recommendations on how the use of digital technologies contributes to the increase and functioning of the efficiency of agri-food systems.

Assessing the Potential of the Digital Economy in Agriculture

Today Russian agriculture is one of the most stable and dynamically developing branches of economy. Huge labour and material resources have been accumulated in this sector. Agriculture employs almost 6% of the country’s human resources, which produce 4.5% of the gross domestic product. The main resource that determines the prospects of agricultural production are land resources, the size of which Russia ranks third in the world. This huge potential has been underused to date. The reason for such position of the industry is backward material and technical base, insufficient level of human resources development and almost complete absence of digitalization. At the same time, there are huge opportunities for modernization of the industry. The country’s food security and development of export potential make agriculture a high-tech industry capable not only of providing food for itself but also for many countries around the world. They can create opportunities to introduce innovative developments that did not exist before and stimulate managerial decisions. The article deals with problematic issues of the development of digitalization of agriculture in the context of expanding the scope of information technologies. It shows the bottlenecks that hinder the wide spread of the digital economy in agriculture. An overview of government programs aimed at the dissemination of information technologies is given. The dynamics of development of innovative technologies in the agro-industrial complex of Russia, their dependence on the investments made, is shown. The main directions of digital transformation of agriculture and scientific and technological development in the field of "smart agriculture" are highlighted.

Stimulating the innovative activity of enterprises in the agro-industrial complex

The article presents the results of a study of the state of the processes of stimulating innovative activity in the agro-industrial complex in Russia. The problems that slow down the implementation of innovative projects in agriculture are studied. A conceptual-logical model of the implementation of innovative activities of enterprises in the agro-industrial complex is proposed, which ensures the development of agricultural enterprises on the basis of science-intensive technologies.

Features of the economy of the Russian agro-industrial complex in the modern conditions

The article discusses the features of development and promising directions in the economy of the agro-industrial complex. Currently, the agro-industrial complex (AIC) is a combination of several branches of the national economic system, which are aimed at production or processing of raw materials of agricultural origin, as well as obtaining of various types of products from it. The noted set of segments of the economy includes: agriculture itself, represented in a wide variety of industries that provide processing of raw materials, supply farmers with equipment, necessary fertilizers and other resources of industrial origin, as well as transport and logistics enterprises responsible for supplying agricultural products to consumers. The indicators of the effective use of state support for the economy of the agro-industrial complex, as well as ensuring the profitability of all branches of agricultural production, have been studied.

СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКИЕ ИМПУЛЬСЫ РАЗВИТИЯ АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

The authors of the article argue the problem and complexity of the agroindustrial complex of Russia from the point of view of sustainable development and innovation. The features of the agricultural sector of the economy are systematized. Analyses the current situation of the agricultural sector of Russia, and it presents the dynamics of exports and imports with countries of the CIS, Eurasian economic community and Abroad; calculated the growth rate of exports and imports of agricultural products of the Russian Federation; the structure of Russia's exports reflected the export of essential goods; the dynamics of investments in the agroindustrial complex by economic activity is given; the growth rates of investments in the agricultural sector of the country are calculated. The priorities of the strategy of the agroindustrial complex of the European Union are considered. The conclusion is made about the extensive model of functioning of the agro industrial complex. The reasons for the low export orientation of the agroindustrial complex of the country are revealed. Macrofactors influencing the development of the Russian agroindustrial complex are identified. The internal factors of inefficient development of the agricultural sector are revealed. The negative consequences of the longterm implementation of the import substitution policy in our country are reflected. Scenarios of the development of the agroindustrial complex of the Russian Federation are considered and their comparative analysis is given. Formulated strategic impetus for development of the agroindustrial complex of the Russian Federation aimed at reducing the gap APK from developed countries.