Root Morpheme Research Articles

Interpretation of Sense/Meaning in the Communicative Field

The past century has shown the conversion of a so-called anthropological turn which began with works of Franz Brentano, into a linguistic turn (Richard Rorty’s term). The philosophy of language took the place of what once had been classical theory of cognition. It has become either a kind of epistemology, or analytical philosophy, or even a general theory of knowledge called in Greece, Germany and Russia gnoseology (from Greek: gnosis - knowledge).
 It is necessary to make some clarifications in understanding the current intellectual situation in the field of communication theory.
 Communication is a term containing a root morpheme ‘uni’ with the meaning of “one”, “unity”. For our purposes, the English word “conversation” is more suitable because, denoting a talk, it actually has the primary existential meaning of “living together”. Developing this topic, we can rely on the classic research in the field of theory and practice of communication conducted over several decades by the American specialist in the field of social psychology Deborah Tannen.

Морфонологические явления в калмыцком языке XVIII в. (на материале языка документов Национального архива Республики Калмыкия)

The results of the analysis of morphonological phenomena in the words of the Kalmyk language of the 18 th century are presented in the article. The research material is comprised of the official business documents of the Kalmyk khans of the 18 th century and their contemporaries, written in the old Kalmyk language, called Todo bichig "clear letter", which were deposited in the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia (Fund 36, Inventory1). In Kalmyk linguistics, for the first time, information was obtained about the compatibility of morphemes of the Kalmyk language of the 18 th century and about morphonological phenomena caused by the processes of word- and form building. It was found out that at the junction of morphemes such morphonological phenomena as truncation, overlap, augmentation, alternation, interfixation, vowels lengthening often occurred, and within morphemes – the alternation of short and long vowels. It is revealed that the paradigms of root and subordinate morphemes of the 18 th -century Kalmyk language differ from similar paradigms of the modern language. The results obtained are important not only for understanding the historical grammar of the Kalmyk language, but also for the theoretical grammar of the modern Kalmyk language. The perspective of this study is that its results are the starting point for a new direction – the comparative study of morphemics and morphonological phenomena of related Mongolian languages belonging to the agglutinative type of languages. It becomes possible to compare and contrast not just their single identical root and affixal morphemes (the traditional approach), but also their morphemic paradigms, consisting of allomorphs and variants in both diachronic and synchronous aspects.

Tone alternation in Dàgáárè verbs: Perfectives and Imperfectives

While previous studies on Dàgáárè tone have looked at the nouns, this paper particularly examines tone in verbs, perfective vs imperfective forms. The verbal system has different patterns based on the form of the verb. There are three tone classes for Dàgáárè verbs and for each of the classes, the surface tone pattern it exhibits in the perfective is systematically different from the tone patterns in the imperfective. For the perfectives we have L, H and HL while the imperfectives have LH, HL and H!H, at least in the dialect under study. I treat tone as a combination of the features [±upper] and [±raised] which are connected to what is described as a Tone node (T-node). These Tone nodes in turn connect to the syllable. Under this system, I assume L is represented with the features [-upper] and [-raised] and H with the features [+upper] [+raised]. Underlying tonal melodies of the root morphemes are identical to the surface tones of the perfective forms whether these contain an overt suffix or not. For the imperfectives, the suffix comes with an unspecified underlying T-node. The grammar then chooses the features [±upper] and [±raised] to insert under the already existing T-node.

PARTICIPLES, CONVERBS OR ASPECTUAL STEMS? (MAKING SENSE OF PARADIGMATIC UNITS IN LANGUAGES WITH FORM-CHANGING ASPECT MARKING)

The article touches on the problem of conditional character of nomination of the terms “participle” and “past verbal form” in verbal paradigms of Lezghin and English. By their prehistory, “participle” and “past verbal form” are transposits of the verb. Semantic structures of the past verbal form in Lezghin (with -z) and English Participle I (with - ing ), with the exception of root morphemes and word-changing affix of imperfectiveness, contain nothing else. We can call them authentic definitions, taking into account form-building status of the categories of tense/aspect, represented in these languages. They are just forms of the aspect and nothing else.

КОРОТКА ФОРМА ПРИКМЕТНИКА У СУЧАСНІЙ НІМЕЦЬКІЙ МОВІ В СВІТЛІ ГРАМА ТИЧНОГО В ЧЕННЯ ПРО СЛОВО

The short form of the adjective in present-day German, which stems from the Indo-European protolanguage and for that matter is found both in the Germanic and Slavic languages, in the German language took its evolutionary path along the way of the rise and establishment of the morphological features and syntactic functions re-forging itself from one of the forms of expression of a qualificator word into a representative nominator of the morphological paradigm. It widened its syntactic functioning on account of the qualitative adverb that due to the reduction of final vowels, i.e. its grammatical markers, coincided by sounding and meaning with the short form of the qualificator words. In German, these processes brought about the appearance of a new part of speech known as Artwort with the categorical meaning of the qualificator attribution. It realizes its grammatical potentialities in the substance-predicate structure of the sentence revealing in this way a bipolar functionality. Proceeding from the lexicon-centric approach to the categorical meaning of the word including the "amorphous” word of the kind of GUT an attempt is being made to describe the specificity of this type of meaning. In the opinion of the authors the categorical meaning of the "amorphous” word”, which determines its morphological paradigm and syntactic behavior, is vested at the level of the mental lexicon of the speaker as awareness and linguistic experience of using this kind of word in communication. In this way the short form of the adjectives comes in possession of all the features of the elementary sign which non-discretely combines the lexical and categorical meaning. The text-centered approach to the identification of the grammatical concept of the elementary sign reduces the word to the root morpheme. The latter attains the categorical status in its usage which is detrimental to the hierarchical construal of language. The syntactically polar bi-functionality of the short form of the adjective as the elementary sign is foregrounded in the system of actual, real and potential predications and, specifically, in the structure of Paul’s "degraded predicates” as well as in the propositions of the sentence deep structure getting explicated by means of logical implicates that represent a bipolar syntactic functionality of qualificator words. The implicit propositions reveal homonymous ties of the short form of the adjective with the first constituents of compound words which in most cases show themselves as units of the phraseological level of language structure.

PHONOLOGICAL CHANGES IN ROOT MORPHEMES.

PHONOLOGICAL CHANGES IN ROOT MORPHEMES.

Лингвопрагматика английских заимствований в русскоязычном дискурсе массовой коммуникации (на материале названий обуви)

The paper focuses on linguistic and pragmatic peculiarities of English borrowings used in the discourse of mass communication in Russian. The analysis of Russian-language web content has enabled the author to identify the symbolic significance of shoe names borrowed from the English language. The system of values referred to a fashionable lifestyle was revealed and described; the thematic domains, such as sports, healthy lifestyle, active life position, and eco-activism are highlighted. The shoe names borrowed from English are regarded in the article in terms of translingual units and are defined as linguistic signs, which belong to another language, but the speakers, who are the agents of network communication, use them ad hoc to convey the ideas through switching the language code. Translingual units are found out to be universal symbols in the context of global mass culture. Having crossed the borders of the languages, they broadcast new values. Meanwhile, they spontaneously go through the main stages of linguistic adaptation and actively penetrate the network content of mass communication. The article presents the techniques of the borrowed shoe names translingual adaptation. The identified techniques include translingual derivation, partial grammatical categorization, conversion and blending, which consists in the occasional composition of the original, graphically unadapted English stem – a proper noun denoting a brand name of the shoe manufacturer, and a Russian suffixoid -ovsk-, which forms relative adjectives with the generalized meaning of sharing characteristics, prescribed to the object, indicated by the root morpheme. Phonetic assimilation of translingual shoe names presupposes following pronunciation rules of the Russian language, including the reduction of vowels in the first pre-stressed syllable; devoicing voiced consonants at the end of a word; palatalization; coexistence of diphthongized and monophthongized variants of vowel pronunciation, which indicates the incompleteness of phonetic adaptation.

DISTRIBUTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF COMBINING

The article is devoted to the study of distributive characteristics of combining forms in Modern English. The material of the study is words and terms taken from the Modern English dictionaries. A number of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, observation, classification, systematization), as well as purely linguistic methods (method of continuous sampling from lexicographic sources, lexico-semantic analysis, study of vocabulary definitions, contextual interpretation) is applied. The morpheme structure of derivatives with these formants is considered. The positions of the studied units in the morpheme structure of the word are analyzed, as well as the classes of morphemes that are in contact with them. The ways of word formation with the participation of combining forms in Modern English word formation and term formation are singled out. It is revealed that combining forms take an active part in terminological word formation in accordance with the existing patterns and models in the language. In derivation with the participation of the studied elements, depending on the formal means of word formation, affixation, composition and abbreviation are distinguished. The classification of distributive classes with a relatively free and fixed position in the word is given through a detailed study of the sum of all environments of combining forms, order and place, compatibility, properties of their use in relation to other elements are fixed. It was found that the studied elements are characterized by wide combinatorial possibilities, which are manifested in their ability to occupy different positions in the word, which can be relatively free or fixed. Three distributive classes are traced among combining forms the units with relatively free position in a word and fixed position. Bases and prefixes are found in the contact environment of a limited number of combining forms. The vast majority of these forms are combined with elements of the same status and suffixes. Only conditionally complex combining forms are characterized by an identical contact environment on the left and right. Combining forms are mainly characterized by the environment of units with the same status as them (right and left) and suffix environment. A characteristic feature of these elements’ compatibility is the absence of grammatical affixes among the morphemes adjacent to them, and the limited number of prefixes and root morphemes among their contact environment. It seems promising to expand the scope of the study by studying these derivational forms, which function in different terminological systems and in different styles of texts in Modern English. The comparison of combinatorial forms in different modern languages is of particular interest.

Публикация корякских фольклорных текстов: причины орфографической вариативности

This work is motivated by graphic and orthographic difficulties in preparing Koryak texts for publication in the “Monuments of Folklore of the Peoples of Siberia and the Far East.” Koryak language spelling difficulties are analyzed for the first time, particularly non-trivial cases of ambiguous spelling requiring comprehension and codification. For example, the spelling of equivocal vowel sound [ә] proves a problem. The normative spelling not allowing two conso- nants at the beginning of a word is due to the historical reconstruction of the Koryak phonological system. However, the indefinite vowel [ә] sometimes is reduced so as not to be identified by the modern Koryak speakers, with its designation with the letter ы [ә] causing reading mistakes. Also, the spelling of йи [ji] or йы [jә] is complicated, with the choice between these two variants based on morphologic principle and defined by this syllable position in the word: root morpheme, affix or in between two morphemes. The spelling of soft consonant followed by equivocal sound [ә], designated in writing by ы [ә], remains to be identified. This combination provokes orthographic variability observed in th-ɣe publications in Koryak. Variability appears in spellings of word forms with -гыйӈ [-ɣәjŋ], -ӈыйт [-ŋәjt] and in spellings of double consonants between two morphemes. The orthographic variability in Koryak publications is due to the conflict in phonemic and morphologic principles relevant for Koryak spelling. Moreover, given the dominant bilingualism, Koryak writing is strongly influenced by the Russian spelling, making the possibility of developing a national writing culture questionable.

Russian lexical and collocative calques in the Czech and Polish insular dialects in Russia

The paper reports on a study of immigrant Czech and Polish dialects in Russia that have been strongly influenced by the dominant language of their surroundings. The author discusses problems detecting Russian lexical calques in the examined dialects, in particular differentiating calques and adapted borrowings. These difficulties appear to be due to the close affinity of the Russian language and the influenced dialects, which have common Slavic origin. The article proposes approaches for solving the problems by observing various aspects of calque formation, taking into consideration the fact that the border between the analyzed phenomena is vague and the calques are often firmly bounded with certain collocations. There are numerous transitional phenomena at the intersection of lexical calques and adapted borrowings, such as hybrid formations, formations in which the Russian affixal or root morphemes are transformed based on regular correspondences between idioms, cases of the formation of new lexical units in the recipient idiom according to the Russian model based on the semantics of correlated morphemes. In order to adequately describe such phenomena, it is proposed to introduce a more general concept of “collocative calques”.

Tones in Danish dialects compared with Low German and Franconian tones

The article deals with tonal differences in Danish, northern Low German, and Franconian dialects, which appeared after the apocope. Dissyllabic words and forms become monosyllabic, but they continue to differ due to differences in accents: CVC — CVCV > CVC1 — CVC2, as in /hu.’s/ n. sg. hus ‘house’ — /hu.sә/ n. pl. huse ‘houses’ > /hu.s1/ — /hu.s2/ in Southern Jutlandic, /hu.s/ n.sg. nom/acc. Haus ‘house’ — /hu.sә/ Hause ‘house’ dat. sg. > /hu.s1/ — /hu.s2/ in northern Low German dialects and /haus/ n. sg. nom./acc. Haus ‘house’ — /hausә/ dat. sg. Hause ‘house’ > /haus1/ — /haus2/ in Franconian Arzbach dialect. The appearance of such tonal differences is associated with a sharp increase in monosyllabic words. The development in the Danish apocopated dialects has much in common with the development in northern Low German and Franconian dialects. It concerns not only the appearance of tones due to the apocope and the same lexical and morphological distribution of the accents in related words and forms (see above), but even the spread of the accent of apocope to original monosyllabic words with a special phonemic basis (spontaneous accentuation), the long phonetic duration of which was realized by the speakers as an accent of the apocope. Tonal differences of root morphemes, along with the coincidence of the root with the syllable and with the increase of the difference between syllable-initial and syllablefinal consonants, turn out to be one of the most important means of segmentation of the root morpheme in a text. The question is also raised about the possible contact nature of the apocope and of the appearance of the tonal differences.

Strident harmony from the perspective of an inductive learner

In languages with strident harmony, stridents within a particular domain are required to have the same minor place of articulation. Harmony is often required only of stridents within a root or stem morpheme, and doesn't trigger alternations. Harmony is also often quite local, applying exclusively or more strongly between stridents in the same or adjacent syllables. Finally, harmony may be morpheme specific, triggering alternations in some affixes but not others. All of these specifics of a given harmony pattern give rise to exceptions to harmony at the level of the word, and may require a morphologically parsed learning corpus in order to be acquired. This paper explores the learnability of strident harmony in text corpora from three languages: Nkore-Kiga (Bantu), Papantla Totonac (Totonacan) and Navajo (Athapaskan). The analyses show that word level exceptions largely obscure the harmony pattern as an overall phonotactic in a language. The three languages also serve as a test of the Projection Induction Learner (Gouskova and Gallagher 2020), which is found to be successful when the generalizations in the data are strong but may fail in the face of patterned exceptions.

Morphological Intervention for Students With Limited Vocabulary Knowledge: Short‐ and Long‐Term Transfer Effects

AbstractStudents with limited vocabulary knowledge are at high risk for reading comprehension difficulties. Previous studies have found that teaching morphology may support vocabulary growth. In the present study, the authors aimed to replicate and extend these findings by investigating both immediate and long‐term transfer effects to untaught words and untaught pseudowords with well‐known root morphemes. Fifth‐grade students (N = 332) were randomly assigned to a morphological intervention, an alternative vocabulary intervention, or a control condition. The morphological intervention was found to produce large short‐term effects with respect to the students’ abilities to segment and explain both taught and untaught words containing taught morphemes, and medium effects on explanations of likely meanings of pseudowords with well‐known root morphemes. Medium to large effects were still present 10 months later with taught words and transfer words. Training had a small effect on reading comprehension with trained words but no effect on standard measures of reading comprehension or vocabulary.

The dependence of root extraction in a non-concatenated morphology on the word-specific orthographic context

• Root extractions depends on the orthographic context in which the root appears. • No root priming effect is observed under a fast priming + letter delay procedure. • Fast priming better reflects root extraction during reading than masked priming. In Hebrew, as in other Semitic languages, most words are formed in a non-concatenated way, with a root morpheme embedded in a word-pattern morpheme consisting of only vowels or vowels plus consonants. Previous research on visual word recognition in Hebrew has revealed a robust morphological root-priming effect, with word recognition facilitated by the prior sub-perceptual presentation of the root morpheme, along with a less stable and more fragile word-pattern priming effect, particularly in the nominal system. These findings support the theory that morphological principles govern lexical access, with the root morpheme as a main organizational unit of the mental lexicon. However, less research has been done to delineate the algorithm underlying decomposition. The current study explores the importance of the natural lexical orthographic context of a complex root + pattern word structure for root extraction, using on-line measures based on tracking eye-movements in sentence reading. A series of 4 experiments using a fast-priming paradigm demonstrated that detaching the root morpheme from its lexical orthographic structure hinders the root-priming effect. Presenting the root in a non-word or a pseudo-word, that is, a non-existent combination of a real root + a real pattern did not make any difference. These results suggest that mapping the orthographic root onto its morphological mental representation depends on the orthographic context in which its letters appear. This finding constrains the role of the root in visual word-recognition, highlighting the crucial conditions for extracting it in the natural setting of reading.

A Linguistic Analysis of ‘Pet Names’ in Nzema: A Morphosyntactic Description

In the field of Onomastics, many researchers have delved into the study of personal names, place names, church names and school names, among others. This paper gathers another exciting data, (i.e. names that are ascribed to pets in Nzema society) and seeks to examine the morpho-syntactic features of the ‘pet names’. The paper employs the qualitative research approach in providing a descriptive analysis of the linguistic properties that feature in pet names among the people of Nzema. In this paper, ninety (90) pet names are discussed. Relying on Haspelmath’s notion of Framework-free Theory of Grammatical Analysis, the paper demonstrates that the morphological structures of Nzema pet names include single root morphemes, lexical compounding, derivational and inflectional processes, lexical borrowing, and reduplication. These word formation processes are accompanied by some phonological processes such as vowel elision and harmony. At the syntactic/sentential level, the pet names function as simple declarative sentences, imperatives and interrogatives. Compound and complex-embedded clauses were also prevalent in the structure of the pet names. It is ascertained that these pet names are grammatically insightful and can provide a window to understanding the morphosyntactic features of the Nzema language.

Types of derivatives with prefix mega- in synchronic and diachronic perspectives

The article describes different types of derivatives with the prefix mega- in the English language in terms of word-formation meanings. The study of the component of ancient Greek origin functioning in a synchronic and diachronic perspective made it possible to establish the reasons and describe the mechanisms of its further derivational transformations in English language. In the receiving language, the adjective έ undergoes cross-level conversion and is used as a prefix element in various derivatives. The quantitative semantics that is genetically inherent in the component is implemented as a part of terminological units in which the prefix acts as a term element. In other types of discourse, the quantitative identification function is combined with the function of evaluation. In derivatives related to popular science or commercial discourse, the prefix mega- serves to distinguish an object from a number of similar ones and marks it as an exceptional phenomenon. The method of profiling used in the analysis made it possible to describe the internal mechanism of word-formation meanings of derivatives with the prefix mega-. Contextual analysis and survey of informants (native English speakers) allowed for differentiation between the meaning of mega- and super- prefixes used in the evaluation function. It has been found that in English derivatives, the prefix mega- marks the highest degree of the quality and is attached to the bases, which referents could be evaluated in the terms of quantitative characteristics. The addition of the prefix super- is not related to parametric characteristics in the meaning of the root morpheme, which determines its assessment by native speakers as a marker of a lower degree of evaluated quality.

Morphonological classes of word-forming units with segmented apical verbs in the Ukrainian language

The article deals with the morphonological structure of word-forming units with divideable apical verbs, identifies morphonological classes and types of apical-divisible word-forming units in the Ukrainian language, and defines the criteria for determining morphonological classes and types within a class. The specificity of morphonological classes by the nature of the verbal basis, root morpheme, contact zone, morphonological transformations in morphonologically labeled derivatives at all stages of derivation is investigated.For the contact zone on the boundary of root and word-forming morphemes, the following parameters should be considered: 1) organization of the root morpheme; 2) the nature of the formant’s initials. The morphonological structure of word-forming unit (WU) is determined by the morphological structure of the apical verb, morphonological transformations, morphonological positions, morphological type, morphological model. The finale of the verbal basis, which undergoes changes under the influence of the formant’s initials, signals the possible morphonological transformations.The spectrum of morphonological classes of apical verbs of word-forming units in Ukrainian is quite capacious, encompassing word-forming units of morphonological classes and types of non-segmented and divisional apical verbs of word-forming units. The specificity of each morphonological class is determined by the nature of the finale of the verbal basis, by morphonological transformations in morphonologically labeled derivatives at all stages of derivation. With indivisible apical verbs there are 5 morphonological classes, with divisible apical verbs – 7. The study of morphonological features of deverbatives covers the syntagmatic, paradigmatic, activity, and dynamic aspects of their organization. When analyzing apical verbs of word-forming units in the Ukrainian language, it is appropriate to take into account the non-segmented and segmented of apical verbs, the finale of the word-forming basis, the variability of verbal bases, formant initials, morphonological transformations, morphonological positions.

VARIATION OF CASE SUFFIXES IN THE MODERN UDMURT LANGUAGE

The paper deals with variable case suffixes having double vowel, differing by the presence/absence of a coaffix - ла and the presence/absence of an anlaut vowel. On the material of the Udmurt language Corpus the quantitative ratio of variable suffixes is revealed and the conditions of functioning of non-standard suffixes in the modern Udmurt language are analyzed. Suffixes that differ in vowels have instrumental, prolative and illative. Comparison of the degree of variation of suffixes showed that in the modern Udmurt language the process of unification of instrumental vocalization continues. The number of nouns accepting the instrumental exponent only with the vowel ы decreases; in parallel, the number of nouns admitting the suffix with double vowel and only with the vowel э increases. The variable suffixes of prolative and illative allow separate nouns with a variable root morpheme, which is represented by allomorphs differing by the presence/absence of a vowel ( кенос/кенс- ‘barn’, сэрег / сэрг- ‘corner’, etc.), and allomorphs differing by the presence/absence of a final consonant к ( кус/куск - ‘loin’, нюлэс/нюлэск - ‘forest’, etc.). Only related root allomorphs accept the suffix with vowel - ы . Variable suffixes, differing by the presence/absence of the coaffix -ла , allow open toponyms in illative ( -ла ~ -e ), inessive ( -лан ~ -ын ), elative ( -лась ~ -ысь ), egressive ( -ласен ~ -ысен ). In the modern Udmurt language, the correlation between variable suffixes is approximately equal, but there is a tendency to displace suffixes with coaffix -ла by standard suffixes. Individual nouns ending in a , ( корка ‘ouse, hut’, куа , куала ‘anctuary; summer kitchen’ кунокуа ‘otel’) in inessive ( -н ~ -ын ), elative ( -сь ~ -ысь ), egressive ( -сен ~ -ысен ) and prolative ( -тü ~ -етü ) allow variable suffixes, differing by the presence/absence of a vowel, illative has a suffix -е and zero morpheme. The degree of variation of suffixes depends on lexical and semantic conditions. Formants without anlaut vowel remain the preferred with the lexeme корка ‘house, hut’. It is established that in the modern Udmurt language the relation between variable forms changes, the sphere of functioning of all types of non-standard suffixes decreases. The variability of suffixes testifies to rather long preservation of proto-linguistic morphonological features and slow intra-linguistic unification of case suffixes.

TO THE QUESTION ABOUT MORPHEMIC STRUCTURE OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS OF THE AVAR LANGUAGE

The morphemic analysis of the five personal pronouns of the Avar language presented in the article revealed the following. 1. Having the same base structures, singular and plural personal pronouns have different struc-tures of root morphemes. The root morphemes of the singular personal pronouns are represented by two-component consonant + vowel structures. The root morphemes of plural personal pronouns are represented by three-component consonant + vowel + consonant structures. 2. All case forms of the singular personal pro-nouns are formed from an indirect basis. All case forms of personal plural are formed from a direct basis.

Semantic-Pragmatic Evolution of the Latin Prefix SUPER (according to Polish and English)

The cognitive mechanisms underlying the semantic-pragmatic evolution of the prepositive component of Latin origin super are described. The analysis is carried out on the basis of the data of the modern Polish language, studied in comparison with the data of the English and Latin languages, acting as donors of the semantic-pragmatic evolution of the prefix. It is proved that the locative semantics of the prefix serves as a trigger that starts the processes of metaphorical reinterpretation in modern English. It is shown that the final stage of the pragmatization of the formant is it’s functioning as an evaluative predicate and emotive interjection. It is stated that in the host Slavic language, the specificity of actualization in speech of the super component is determined by the interaction of linguistic and extralinguistic factors. It is emphasized that the integration of post-socialist countries into the global socio-economic space determines the intensive pragmatic-oriented use of this component in advertising discourse and in colloquial speech. It is noted that the influence of the linguistic factor - the features of the word-formation system - determines a new stage in the morphological evolution of the component super. It has been established that, within the affixal derivatives, a new meaning of an element acquiring the status of a root morpheme is being fixed. The relevance of the work performed is determined by the functional and explanative approach to the description of active word-formation processes occurring in modern Slavic languages under the influence of the universal tendency of linguistic globalization.