Room Temperature Research Articles

Methyl 6-Benzyl-3-Hydroxy-3,6-Dimethyl-1,2-Dioxane-4-Carboxylate

Plasmodium falciparum is a fast-evolving parasite responsible for the fatal disease malaria, making it crucial to renew our therapeutic arsenal. Modulating the artemisinin’s endoperoxide pharmacophore is a promising route to synthesizing new antimalarial derivatives. For the first step of our 20 mmol scale synthesis, catalyzed by manganese (III) acetylacetonate, we applied the conditions previously described in the literature to one of our low-yielding asymmetrically disubstituted alkenes, (2-methylallyl)benzene. Under conditions designed for alkyl derivatives, manganese (II) and (III) acetate catalyzed its peroxycyclization with methyl 3-oxobutanoate to a 1,2-dioxane ring in the presence of oxygen from air at room temperature with a 36% yield, while an oxygen atmosphere, as described in the literature, decreased the yield to 7%. Finally, under conditions designed for aryl derivatives, the yield was reduced to 30%, showing that methylallyl derivatives have an intermediate reactivity that needs further optimization to produce 1,2-dioxane ring by manganese catalyzation in good yields. This work characterizes the product obtained and discusses the most suitable reaction conditions.

Bead-Containing Superhydrophobic Nanofiber Membrane for Membrane Distillation

This study introduces an innovative approach to enhancing membrane distillation (MD) performance by developing bead-containing superhydrophobic sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES) nanofibers with S-MWCNTs. By leveraging SPES’s inherent hydrophobicity and thermal stability, combined with a nanostructured fibrous configuration, we engineered beads designed to optimize the MD process for water purification applications. Here, oxidized hydrophobic S-MWCNTs were dispersed in a SPES solution at concentrations of 0.5% and 1.0% by weight. These bead membranes are fabricated using a novel electrospinning technique, followed by a post-treatment with the hydrophobic polyfluorinated grafting agent to augment nanofiber membrane surface properties, thereby achieving superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle (WCA) of 145 ± 2° and a higher surface roughness of 512 nm. The enhanced membrane demonstrated a water flux of 87.3 Lm−2 h−1 and achieved nearly 99% salt rejection efficiency at room temperature, using a 3 wt% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution as the feed. The results highlight the potential of superhydrophobic SPES nanofiber beads in revolutionizing MD technology, offering a scalable, efficient, and robust membrane for salt rejection.

Fiber reinforcement of calcium silicate hydrate-based contact-hardening composites induced by compression

Calcium silicate hydrate in amorphous nature can be used to prepare water-resistant artificial blocks by direct compression at room temperature. These blocks have light weight and high strength, but their relatively high brittleness limited its utilization as construction materials. The purpose of this study is to improve the toughness of calcium silicate hydrate-based blocks by adding polypropylene fiber and emulsion in the powder before compressing. The effect of fiber and emulsion content on the density, strength and toughness of the hardened composite materials was explored. Microstructure of the fracture surface was evaluated through SEM. Result showed that the flexural strength of the hardened composite material increased significantly with the increase of the fiber content, while its compressive strength showed a downward trend. When the fiber content was 3%, the flexural strength and flexural toughness was 250% and 30.6% higher than those of the plain specimen, respectively. C-S-H powder particles adhering to the surface of the fiber increased the adhesion force between the fiber and C-S-H compact matrix, helping to improve the friction resistance when the fiber was pulled out, and thus the strength was increased. Adding 2% emulsion showed negative effect on the strength of the hardened composite, but could improve its toughness and machinability, acting as a wood-like material.

Quantitation of tazemetostat in human plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

To support a phase 1 trial in patients with lymphomas, we developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for tazemetostat quantitation in 20 μL of human plasma. After protein precipitation, chromatographic separation employed a Kinetex C18 column and a gradient of 0.1% formic acid in both water and acetonitrile, during a 3-min run time. Detection was achieved using a SCIEX 6500+ tandem mass spectrometer with electrospray positive-mode ionization. Validation was based on the latest Food and Drug Administration guidance. With a stable isotopic internal standard, the assay was linear within the range of 10-5000 ng/mL and proved to be accurate (91.9%-103.7%) and precise (<4.4% imprecision). Recovery varied between 93.3% and 121.1%, and matrix effect ranged from -25.5% to -4.9%. Hemolysis, lipemia, and dilution did not impact quantitation. Plasma stability was confirmed after three freeze-thaw cycles, 24 h at room temperature, and 4months at -80°C. Incurred sample reanalysis yielded 94.4% samples within 20% difference (n = 36). External validation showed a mean bias of -11.1%. Pharmacokinetic (PK) data obtained from three patients suggested variable concentration time profiles, warranting collection of further data. The assay proved to be suitable for tazemetostat quantitation in human plasma and will support clinical studies by defining tazemetostat PKs.

Electrical and optical properties of environmental friendly Li(1‐x)Smx/3NbO3 ceramics for high‐temperature energy storage applications

AbstractThis research article delves into the synthesis and characterization of Li(1‐x)Sm(x/3)NbO3 ceramic, employing a high‐energy ball milling process. The investigation explores the incorporation of Sm3+ at the Li+1 site across a range of compositions (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05). Structural analysis, using x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld structural refinement, establishes that within the investigated composition range, no significant changes in the crystal structure are evident. The x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the presence of oxygen vacancies as well as the stable oxidation state of different elements like O2−, Nb5+, Sm3+, and Li1+. At sintering temperature 1050°C, the average grain sizes vary approximately from 1.5 to 3.8 μm for different compositions with regular grain morphology. The UV‐Vis analysis reveals a noteworthy reduction in the band gap to 3.09 eV for the x = 0.01 composition. Photoluminescence studies exhibit distinct green, orange, and red bands, with the highest intensity observed for x = 0.01, showcasing promising optical properties. The dielectric permittivity of Sm‐substituted compositions surpasses the response of pure LiNbO3, demonstrating an increasing trend with temperature in the frequency range 100 Hz‐1 MHz intriguingly, no Curie temperature is observed up to 500°C for any composition. The polarization vs electric field hysteresis loop response highlights better polarization characteristics at the room temperature and maximum polarization is 0.66 μC/cm2 for the composition x = 0.05. The energy storage response of the developed compositions is investigated, which reveals a maximum efficiency of 46.64% for x = 0.04 in Li(1‐x)Sm(x/3)NbO3. The tunable optical properties, enhanced dielectric response, and notable energy efficiency of these high TC ceramics suggest their utility across diverse applications. These findings not only contribute to the understanding of functional ceramic materials but also pave the way for their optimized utilization in advanced technological applications, particularly in energy storage devices under nonambient conditions at high temperatures.

A Low-Cost Ecofriendly Oxidation Process to Manufacture High-Performance Polymeric Biosurfactants Derived from Municipal Biowaste

Biosurfactants account for about 12% of the global value of the surfactant market, which is currently dominated by synthetic surfactants obtained from fossil sources. Yet, the production of biosurfactants from renewable feedstock is bound to increase, driven by the increasing pressure from both society and governments for chemistry-based industries to become more ecofriendly and economically sustainable. A photo-chemical oxidation process is reported here, yielding new biosurfactants from urban biowaste in water that perform as a solvent and terminal oxidant reagent at room temperature without the addition of conventional oxidants and catalysts. Products with 200–500 kDa molecular weight are obtained. They lower the surface tension of water down to 34 mN/m at 0.5–2 g/L concentration. The estimated cost is rather low (0.1–1.5 EUR/kg), which is competitive with the cost of synthetic surfactants but much lower than the cost of the best-performing bacterial surfactants. For the implementation of the photo-chemical oxidation process at the industrial level, the results suggest that the new biosurfactants obtained in the present work may not reach the performance level of the best-performing bacterial surfactants capable of lowering the surface tension of water down to 28 mN/m. Yet, the biosurfactants produced by the photo-chemical process have a greater chance of being marketed on large scales.

Thermally Driven 3D Seamless Textile Actuators for Soft Robotic Applications

Soft wearable robotic devices have emerged as a promising solution for human mobility assistance and rehabilitation, yet current solutions suffer from issues such as bulkiness, high cost, nonscalability, noise, and limited portability. This study introduces a novel approach to soft robotic assistive devices using untethered, soft actuators with seamlessly integrated sensing, heating, and actuation properties through digital machine knitting and low‐boiling liquid. The proposed soft actuator operates under a voltage of less than 12.5 V, generating a tip force of up to 50 mN. This actuator achieves a bending motion when filled with 2 mL of low‐boiling liquid and supplied with 15 W. The dynamic response of the actuator is examined under consistent parameters, revealing a 60‐second inflation time and a subsequent natural cooling period of 30 s at room temperature. Notably, over 12 cycles, the tip force of the actuator exhibits minimal variation, highlighting its durability for prolonged usage. The proposed approach paves the way for overcoming the limitations of existing technologies, particularly in terms of motion assistance and rehabilitation applications, with an emphasis on at‐home usage during daily activities.

Optimizing the design parameters for chamotte particle‐reinforced geopolymers

AbstractThis study delved into the utilization of chamotte particles in varying contents (0–50 wt%) as reinforcing agents in both fresh and hardened states within potassium‐based geopolymer (KGP) composites. Although the previous research predominantly underscored the high‐temperature stability of chamotte in composites subjected to extreme conditions, this study focuses on expanding their potential applications at ambient temperature. The experimental findings showed that the flowability of the pastes experienced a slight reduction up to 20 wt% chamotte, followed by a substantial decrease, ultimately resulting in complete shape retention at 50 wt%. Squeeze flow and standard rheological tests supported these observations, revealing elevated work‐to‐squeeze values peaking at 1.3 J. X‐ray diffraction data showed that crystallinity prevailed in chamotte, establishing its efficacy as a nonreactive reinforcement. In the hardened state, the inclusion of chamotte enhanced the mechanical properties of the composites, specifically compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths, reaching up to 61.7, 13.2, and 5.6 MPa, respectively. Young's modulus (E) and shear modulus (G) also exhibited an upward trend with increasing chamotte content, reaching values of up to 17.7 and 7.7 GPa at 50 wt%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis validated particle interlocking and crack‐bridging mechanisms. In general, this study highlights the effectiveness of chamotte particles in improving the mechanical properties of KGP composites at room temperature. It also emphasizes the necessity of considering the mentioned parameters in the design of particulate‐reinforced geopolymer compositions for diverse applications.

Optimization of Matrix Components for Improved Catalytic Activities of Cellulase Immobilized on Biochar-Chitosan Beads

Bioethanol is a renewable energy that is gaining popularity globally. It’s biochemical production requires the use of enzyme, especially cellulase. Cellulase is an enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of cellulose and related polysaccharides which finds applications in food, textiles, detergents, biofuels etc. However, the worldwide use of cellulase is limited by its relatively high production costs and low biological activity. This study was design to locally produce biochar-chitosan beads at optimized conditions to immobilize cellulase for improved thermal and storage stability as well as ensure reusability of the enzyme so as to improve biological activity and avoid the continuous production of free cellulase thereby reducing the production cost. Biochar was produced by pyrolyzing sugarcane bagasse in a local airtight chamber for 1 hour. Beads were formed from different ratios of biochar and chitosan in varying concentrations of calcium chloride solution as generated by design expert software version 13. The beads were dried in an oven at 50 0C for 24 hours and functionalized in 25% glutaraldehyde (GDA). The beads were loaded with enzyme (10.06 µmole/min/mL) at room temperature (27 ± 3 oC). Enzyme activity, thermal stability, storage stability and reusability tests were carried out according to standard procedures. The half-life and activation energy were also evaluated. The result showed that the optimum activity of the loaded enzyme (2.63 µmole/min/mL) was obtained when 2.46 g of porous biochar was mixed with 2.48 g chitosan in 5 % Calcium chloride aqueous solution. The immobilized enzyme was able to maintain thermal stability between 30 oC and 70 oC while the activity for free enzyme started declining after 50 oC. Also, the activation energy for immobilized cellulase enzyme (23.17 KJ/mol) was lower than the activation energy (55.146 KJ/mol) for free cellulase. The half-life, when stored at ambient Temperature (27 ± 3 oC), for free enzyme was 0.4 days while the half-life for immobilized enzyme was 3.59 days. Therefore, cellulase immobilized on support locally produced at optimal conditions had improved catalytic properties when compared to the free enzyme. Hence, more indigenous materials and practices may be employed for a cost effective and cheaper industrial processes.

Low-Surface-Area Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Submicrospheres as High-Coulombic-Efficiency and High-Capacity Anodes for Practical Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Nitrogen-doped carbon submicrospheres (NCSMs) are synthesized via an efficient and environmentally friendly one-pot polymerization reaction at room temperature, in which dopamine hydrochloride serves as the source for both carbon and nitrogen. Through leverage of its distinctive structure characterized by minimal surface area, fewer oxygen-containing functional groups, and a heightened presence of active nitrogen-doping sites, the synthesized NCSM showcases a noteworthy initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of 84.8%, a remarkable sodium storage capacity of 384 mAh g-1, an impressive rate capability of 215 mAh g-1 at 10 A g-1, and a superior cyclic performance, maintaining 83.0% of its capacity after 2000 cycles. The submicron spherical structure, with its limited surface area and scarce oxygen-containing moieties, effectively curtails the irreversible sodium-ion loss in solid-electrolyte interphase film formation, resulting in heightened ICE. The abundant nitrogen doping can expand carbon-layer spacing as well as improve the electron/ion-transport dynamics, guaranteeing a high sodium storage capacity and a strong rate capability. Crucially, the synthesis method presented here is straightforward, effective, and amenable to scaling, offering a novel avenue for the commercialization of sodium-ion batteries.

Epoxy/polymercaptan microcapsules composite: Synthesis, mechanics, and self-healing behavior

To enhance the longevity of materials, minimize maintenance expenses, and optimize material performance. The wall material employed in this study was urea-melamine-formaldehyde (UMF), and a dual microcapsule self-healing system was established by synthesizing two distinct microcapsules of epoxy resin and polymercaptan via an in situ polymerization technique. Moreover, the reaction conditions were optimized. The reaction parameters were as follows: core-shell ratio of 2:1, surfactant concentration of 0.6 g/L (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS): Arabic gelatin (GA) = 2:1), polymerization pH = 3.5, stirring rate of 700r/min. Then, the two microcapsules (The mass ratio of the two microcapsules is 1:1) were added to the epoxy resin matrix at 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5 wt% to prepare the resin matrix with self-healing properties. The conical double cantilever beam (TDCB) was used to test the mechanical properties of the matrix. The results showed that the matrix with microcapsule content of 10 wt% had relatively better comprehensive properties, and the self-healing rate was 49.87% at room temperature. These findings provide valuable insights and potential for advancing the development of self-healing materials.

Comparative Study of the Mechanical Property of AISI630 Stainless Steel Gas Tungsten Arc Welds with Different Filler Wires under Room and Cryogenic Temperature

Comparative Study of the Mechanical Property of AISI630 Stainless Steel Gas Tungsten Arc Welds with Different Filler Wires under Room and Cryogenic Temperature

Wide Temperature Stability of BaTiO3-NaNbO3-Gd2O3 Dielectric Ceramics with Grain Core–Shell Structure

As consumer electronics and industrial control systems continue to evolve, the operating temperature range of capacitors is gradually increasing. Barium titanate-based ceramic capacitors are widely used in the field of high dielectrics, so temperature-stable barium titanate-based dielectric materials have been a hot research topic in the field of dielectric ceramics. The construction of a core–shell structure by unequal doping is an effective way to obtain temperature-stable dielectric materials. At the same time, this structure retains part of the highly dielectric tetragonal phase, and materials with overall high dielectric constants can be obtained. In this work, we prepared BaTiO3-xNaNbO3-0.002Gd2O3 (x = 1.0–6.0 mol%) as well as BaTiO3-0.05NaNbO3-yGd2O3 (y = 0–0.30 mol%) dielectric ceramics. On the basis of high-electronic-bandgap NaNbO3-modified BaTiO3 dielectric ceramics, a core–shell structure with a larger proportion of core phase was obtained by further doping the amphiphilic rare-earth oxide Gd2O3. By designing this core–shell structure, the temperature stability range of capacitors can be expanded. At a doping level of 5.0 mol% NaNbO3 and 0.20 mol% Gd2O3, the room temperature dielectric constant εr = 4266 and dielectric loss tan δ = 0.95% conforms to the X8R standard (from −55 °C to 150 °C, TCC &lt; ±15%); volume resistivity ρv = 10,200 GΩ·cm and breakdown strength Eb = 13.5 kV/mm is attained in BaTiO3-based ceramics. The system has excellent dielectric and insulating properties; it provides a new solution for temperature-stable dielectric ceramics.

Nanobody-based immunosensor for the detection of H. pylori in saliva

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is highly prevalent worldwide, affecting more than 43% of world population. The infection can be transmitted through different routes, like oral-oral, fecal-oral, and gastric-oral. Electrochemical sensors play a crucial role in the early detection of various substances, including biomolecules. In this study, the development of nanobody (Nb)-based immunosensor for the detection of H. pylori antigens in saliva samples was investigated. The D2_Nb was isolated and characterized using Western blot and ELISA and employed in the fabrication of the immunosensor. The sensor was prepared using gold screen-printed electrodes, with the immobilization of Nb achieved through chemical linkage using cysteamine-glutaraldehyde. The surface of the electrode was characterized using EIS, FTIR and SEM. Initially, the Nb-based immunosensor's performance was evaluated through cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and square wave voltammetry (SWV). The sensor exhibited excellent linearity with an R2 value of 0.96. However, further assessment with the DPV technique revealed both a low limit of detection (5.9 ng/mL, <1 cfu/mL) and high selectivity when exposed to a mixture of similar antigens. Moreover, the immunosensor demonstrated robust recovery rates (96.2%–103.4%) when spiked into artificial saliva and maintained its functionality when stored at room temperature for 24 days.

Microstructural evolution and property evaluation of in‐situ Al‐MgAl2O4 nanocomposite prepared by ɣ‐Al2O3 and ultrasonication‐assisted impeller mixing

Synthesis of nanocomposites is challenging due to the difficulties in achieving homogeneous distribution of reinforcing particles in metal. In this paper, an in‐situ Al‐MgAl2O4 nanocomposite billet was prepared by the reaction of ɣ‐Al2O3 with molten Al and ultrasonication‐assisted impeller mixing. The microstructure of the composite showed homogeneously distributed MgAl2O4 crystals alongside their clusters in the Al matrix. Microstructural analysis revealed MgAl2O4 crystals distributed from 20 nm to 4 μm in size. The hardness was found to vary within the composite from 50 Hv for the matrix to 140 Hv for particle cluster regions. The grain size was reduced from 1000 μm in reference metal (CP Al) to 100 μm in the composite. The compression strength of the composite was increased substantially and higher strain hardening effect in comparison with Al was noticed in the compression test. The signatures of extensive plastic deformation such as dislocation pileups, deformed grains, grain boundary pinning etc. were observed in the composite via transmission electron microscopy. Damping properties of as‐cast composite were higher than those of CP Al in the temperature range from room temperature to 350 °C. After rolling the composite up to 40% reduction, the damping capacity (Tanδ) of the composite was found to increase marginally after 150 °C. Higher damping was found to reoccur after the annealing treatment of the composite. The improvement in damping capacity at RT was possibly influenced by the micron sized MgAl2O4 and at higher temperatures by the nano‐sized MgAl2O4 crystals. The reoccurrence of higher damping in the annealed composite underlined the stability of finer grains due to the grain boundary pinning by nano‐sized MgAl2O4 crystals. The studies on the damping property of the composite displayed the benefits of having dual size distribution of MgAl2O4 crystals (nm and μm) in the composite.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

On the isomeric purity of endcap molecules in cholesteric liquid crystal oligomers for near-infrared thermochromic coatings

ABSTRACT Structurally coloured responsive materials provide an interesting avenue for the development of autonomous temperature regulating window films. One interesting class of such thermochromic materials is cholesteric liquid crystals. However, cholesteric liquid crystals have rarely been applied in coatings for smart window applications. In this work, we report the synthesis of endcapped cholesteric liquid crystal oligomers and its application as near-infrared thermochromic coatings for windows. Two isomerically pure monoacrylate endcapping molecules and its isomeric mixture are synthesised. The molecules are used to synthesise a variety of endcapped cholesteric liquid crystal oligomers to study the effect of the isomeric purity on the thermochromic properties of the coatings. It is found that while the oligomers are almost identical in composition and phase behaviour, only one isomer produces a clear transparent coating, highlighting the significance of minute isomeric differences. Remarkably, the thermochromic behaviour of the coatings for all oligomers is the same. The best performing oligomer is able to reversibly blueshift by 250 nanometres when heated from room temperature to 100°C, opening the way of cholesteric liquid crystals for use in temperature regulating window films.

Can Pressure be a Good Strategy for Optimizing Thermoelectric Performance of SnPS3${\rm SnPS}_3$?

AbstractExternal pressure can significantly alter the transport coefficients, power factor, and figure of merit because of its direct influence on the electronic structure, electron–phonon, and phonon–phonon couplings. This study delves into the electronic and thermal transport properties of at external pressures up to 30 GPa using first‐principles calculations and Boltzmann transport theory. The electron–phonon relaxation time is computed within the electron–phonon‐averaged (EPA) approximation, enabling exploration beyond the constant relaxation time approximation. The first‐principles calculations reveal an indirect bandgap of 1.76 (without pressure) and 0.12 eV (30 GPa). The density functional perturbation theory calculations confirm the dynamic stability of at external pressure up to 30 GPa. The electronic transport properties are improved by more than one order of magnitude at 30 GPa, consistent with experimental observations. The Peierls–Boltzmann transport calculations demonstrate the room temperature lattice thermal conductivity of 0.22 (without pressure) and 7.4 (at 30 GPa). The results emanate that exhibits of 0.71 at 900 K at a hole doping of 2 at zero pressure, which decreases with increasing pressure. The findings explore the effect of external pressure on both electronic and thermal transport properties of , warranting further experimental exploration of thermal transport properties at higher pressures.

Identification of the mutual gliding locus as a factor for gut colonization in non-native bee hosts using the ARTP mutagenesis

BackgroundThe gut microbiota and their hosts profoundly affect each other’s physiology and evolution. Identifying host-selected traits is crucial to understanding the processes that govern the evolving interactions between animals and symbiotic microbes. Current experimental approaches mainly focus on the model bacteria, like hypermutating Escherichia coli or the evolutionary changes of wild stains by host transmissions. A method called atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) may overcome the bottleneck of low spontaneous mutation rates while maintaining mild conditions for the gut bacteria.ResultsWe established an experimental symbiotic system with gnotobiotic bee models to unravel the molecular mechanisms promoting host colonization. By in vivo serial passage, we tracked the genetic changes of ARTP-treated Snodgrassella strains from Bombus terrestris in the non-native honeybee host. We observed that passaged isolates showing genetic changes in the mutual gliding locus have a competitive advantage in the non-native host. Specifically, alleles in the orphan mglB, the GTPase activating protein, promoted colonization potentially by altering the type IV pili-dependent motility of the cells. Finally, competition assays confirmed that the mutations out-competed the ancestral strain in the non-native honeybee gut but not in the native host.ConclusionsUsing the ARTP mutagenesis to generate a mutation library of gut symbionts, we explored the potential genetic mechanisms for improved gut colonization in non-native hosts. Our findings demonstrate the implication of the cell mutual-gliding motility in host association and provide an experimental system for future study on host-microbe interactions.ArN8Xjm3N6Dubzus4DCSQmVideo

Naphthyl substituted guest induce efficient room temperature phosphorescence by a triplet-triplet energy transfer mechanism

Room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials have attracted more and more attention due to their long luminescence life and large Stokes displacement. Host-guest doping systems are highly regarded for their simplicity of preparation and the absence of complex synthesis processes. Strong RTP emission can be activated by the doping of a guest molecules, in particular by substituting the phenyl group in the host structure with a naphthalene group. In this study, derivatives of benzophenone were constructed as the host molecule, and used 2-Benzoylnaphthalene, a commercially available naphthyl-substituted analogue of benzophenone, as the guest molecule. The phosphorescent lifetime of the doped system can reach 335 ms and the phosphorescent quantum yield can reach 58 %, which is expected to be used in anti-counterfeiting encryption, biological imaging and other fields. This work provides a general and effective host-guest doping strategy for constructing various organic room temperature phosphorescent materials.

Controllable Afterglow Emission of Single‐Mode to Dual‐Mode Carbon Dot Composites through Matrix Ratio Adjustment

Room temperature afterglow materials have received widespread attention and application in anti‐counterfeiting, imaging, and other fields, but the many shortcomings of traditional afterglow materials in terms of cost, environment, and synthesis methods have limited their development. In contrast, carbon dot materials have attracted more and more research due to their numerous advantages and great potential for development. However, the preparation of carbon dot materials with phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence afterglow emission capabilities remains a difficult task. In this study, a series of long life afterglow carbon dot composites with single‐mode and dual‐mode afterglow emission were successfully prepared by inserting carbon dots synthesized from glucose and glycine into boric acid matrix through a two‐step hydrothermal method. This series of carbon dot composites has achieved a transformation from single‐mode phosphorescent emission to unique dual‐mode afterglow emission, allowing for efficient environmental response color modulation. The composites display different afterglow emissions dominated by either phosphorescent or delayed fluorescence at different temperatures. Based on their excellent temperature sensitivity, a single‐mode long phosphorescence with a lifetime of 1.62 seconds was achieved at low temperature. In summary, we have discovered a convenient and efficient method to achieve dual‐mode emission by adjusting the matrix proportion.