Railway Rolling Stock Research Articles

The Role of Logistics in the Management of the Railway Rolling Stock Life Cycle

Abstract Every undertaking providing transport services in passenger rail transport must currently prepare for the liberalization of transport services operating under a public service obligation. Competition in the mentioned segment is expected to intensify. Rolling stock represents a significant cost item for railway operators. The management of the life cycle of railway rolling stock is a way to efficiently manage vehicles. Adequately chosen parameters that are monitored and evaluated during the life cycle of railway rolling stock are crucial to successful management. Logistics plays an important role in the railway vehicle life cycle management, which, when properly set up, represents a significant competitive advantage. All railway undertakings are facing challenging times due to the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and the energy crisis. Proper and effective railway rolling stock life cycle management will help them overcome current and future challenges.

Обоснование возможности перевода двигателей подвижного состава на газомоторное топливо

Improving the environmental performance of diesel engines is becoming an urgent problem for the traction rolling stock of JSC “Russian Railways”. In order to solve this problem, the article analyzes the possibilities of converting diesel engines of locomotives to gas engine fuel. The requirements for the physical and chemical parameters of compressed natural gas are presented. The analysis of manufacturers of gas cylinder equipment operating in the Russian market is given. Real examples of conversion of diesel engines to gas engine fuel are given, which can be used in modernization of fuel systems of traction rolling stock of Russian railways.

Improving the design of rolling stock of railways to provide intermodal transportation of grain

Improving the design of rolling stock of railways to provide intermodal transportation of grain

Improvement of accident prevention measures in cases of spontaneous derailment of railway rolling stock

There has been researched on railway station tracks to determine the method of automatically stopping motion content in cases where Motion Content has gone away on its own. Even today, there are mainly cases of spontaneous movement of the composition of the movement to the side where the slope of the Railway Station roads decreases. This leads to many casualties and accidents caused by the spontaneous movement of trains at railway stations. By applying the proposed method of automatically stopping the rolling stock without human intervention, the law of conservation of mechanics, and determining the number of brake shoes set by the system device, the losses that may occur in stopping the rolling stock are achieved. In addition, the features of equipping the places of automatic stopping of the rolling stock with devices in the case of rolling stock leaving by themselves on the existing railway station tracks were considered. Also, the algorithm of operation of the system for automatic stopping of the moving parts that have gone away on their own is given of this system safety to determine semi-Markov chain for based on the system a mathematical model of safety was created. Microprocessor to the system based on by itself gone the rest movement contents to stop intended automated from devices use there is a niche in the station ways account received devices without work to algorithms and trains movement speed mutually dependence provided without by itself moving gone movement units safety provide through accidents took is taken. This prevents potential accidents, increases the reliability of system use, and leads to cost-effectiveness in system use.

The body of a dynamometer wagon for special technical purposes

The development of new and improvement of existing railway rolling stock wagons is an urgent task of our time, providing for cost reduction, both in the process of creation and operation, and in the maintenance of the wagon fleet. The purpose of the work is to modernize the body of a dynamometer wagon for special technical purposes using modeling. To determine the loading of the structural elements of a dynamometer wagon, a calculated three-dimensional model of the wagon body was developed, the reinforcement points of the wagon frame were determined. Compression/tensile strength tests of the wagon were performed on a stand for loading the frames of wagons and elements of coupling devices. The stress-strain state of the wagon structure is determined when statically applied longitudinal test loads are applied to it. The test results and the stress-strain state of the design of the prototype wagon, under the action of statically applied longitudinal compressive and tensile test loads, showed that the proposed design of the wagon meets the established strength requirements, while no visible damage and residual deformations were found in the design of the prototype wagon. The developed design of the dynamometer wagon body can be included in both freight and passenger trains, which solves the problem of efficient and safe use of locomotives when operating trains on mountainous sections of railways of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЕ, МОДЕРНИЗАЦИЯ И ПРОИЗВОДСТВО СТАБИЛИЗАТОРОВ ПОПЕРЕЧНОГО НАКЛОНА ВАГОНОВ ДЛЯ СКОРОСТНОГО ДВУХЭТАЖНОГО ПОДВИЖНОГО СОСТАВА

The article is devoted to the organization of serial production of lateral tilt torsion stabilizers of railcar bodies. The relevance of the topic is due to upgrade of the Russian fleet of railway rolling stock by high-speed passenger trains with double-decker railcars of enhanced comfort, as well as the necessity of import substitution. All the developments presented in the article are protected by invention patents, useful models and industrial samples, which indicates not only their high scientific and technical level, but also their great practical, theoretical and methodological significance.

Features of restoring the rolling profile of wheels coming into turning during repair

The main objective of the performed studies was to improve the durability and operability of railroad wheels and make lower the costs of acquiring new ones by means of an innovative technology development for wheel profile rehabilitation and further restoration of physical and mechanical properties of the rim metal and improvement its structure. The information consists the facts about the nature of wheel pairs damage in operation, machine-tool equipment and cutting tools, used to restore the surface, based on the analysis of which a new rational technology for repair of wheel pairs on the rolling surface profile with subsequent restoration of the original operational properties is collected. A new method of wheel rolling surface profile restoration has been developed, which includes highperformance plunge grinding and subsequent induction heating (thermocycling), resulting in the formation of structures that lead to increasing of hardness and formation of compressive stresses, which has a positive effect on the efficiency of wheel rolling surface operation. This increases wheel life and safe operation of rail rolling stock. The implementation of the wheel profile recovery method with the help of highperformance plunge grinding and induction heating of wheels will lead to increased efficiency of railway rolling stock and reduce the need for the purchase of new wheelsets.

Problematic issues of standardisation of foundry products (on the example of standardisation of railway brake pads)

Using the example of brake pads for railway rolling stock, the article analyses trends and prospects for the development of the regulatory framework (standards, specifications, etc.) for these products made of various materials. A general description of brake pads made of cast iron and composite material (asbestos and asbestos-free rubber compound) is provided without reference to any specific enterprise or plant. The paper summarises the results of analytical and experimental studies and practical experience of using different brake pads in practice. The requirements of technical specifications and standards for railway brake pads made of cast iron and composite material (rubber compound) are compared. The disadvantages of the technical specifications for composite brake pads, including those with cast iron inserts, are the lack of requirements for the percentage of rubber compound components and their chemical composition. This violates Ukrainian law, as the chemical composition of any product must be specified in the technical specifications or product drawings. The article highlights the harmful effects on human health and the environment of wear products of composite brake pads. Areas for improving the regulatory framework for the production of brake pads from various materials, including standards and specifications for these products, include regulation of the percentage of components and their chemical composition in the composite material and possible correction of the ranges of chemical elements in the cast iron used to make cast iron brake pads. It is recommended that when improving standards and specifications for cast iron brake pads, attention be paid to the size and location of the ranges of carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus and the reduction of the permissible sulphur content to 0.05 %. In the standards for cast iron brake pads, it is advisable to perform shot blasting to facilitate the detection of possible surface defects in the pads. The requirements of European and other countries' standards for the development of standards for railway brake pads are considered. The technical specifications for railway composite brake pads in force in Ukraine should be identified in accordance with the European Union standards for these products. Attention is focused on urgent measures aimed at improving standards and specifications in this area.

Реверсивный инжиниринг в исследовании элементов тормозных систем

Braking efficiency plays an essential role in increasing the local and maximum train speeds. Braking of railway rolling stock directly depends on successful operation of both mechanical and pneumatic parts of the train braking system. The reliability and efficiency of rolling stock brakes necessitate the regular search for new scientific approaches to the study of topical issues in this technical field. The reduction of the braking distance, growth of the local traffic speed, increase in the working resource of consumables are the key evaluation metrics of the task being solved, the ultimate goal of which is to increase profits, reliability and safety in the transportation process. One of the new digital approaches to the study of fatigue wear of key elements of the train braking network is reverse engineering (3D scanning). In the course of the study conducted by the authors, the method of reverse engineering was tested, the object of which was the brake pad of the railway rolling stock. The testing method is described, which is based on a new approach to the study of elements of train braking systems. The result of the study was that the authors obtained a digital 3D model of a real brake pad with a certain degree of wear.

Methodology for the formation of rail repair profiles by grinding

The formation of a rail transverse profile to reduce contact loading and wear from railway rolling stock wheels is one of the main tasks of rail grinding. At present, when designing a rail grinding technology, a future rail profile contour is selected from a set of repair profiles available in a database. Frequently, the profile selected from the database is less than optimal, as it does not provide the required interaction in the wheel-rail system for a particular track section, and its formation requires excessive metal removal, which reduces the rail's lifespan. The paper proposes a new methodology for designing rail repair profiles based on a fundamentally new approach, consisting in designing rail geometric parameters at the stage of preparing the technological process of its grinding. This approach to the rail grinding technology design allows specifying a geometric profile for the certain railway track operating conditions and the worn rail condition, thus bringing metal removal from a rail head to required minimum and, as a result, increasing the service life of rails and the performance of a rail grinding train. To assess the efficiency and applicability of the proposed method for different railway track operating conditions, a comparative modelling of the existing approach in selecting a rail repair profile with the proposed approach to its design was carried out. The proposed method showed the best result in all cases.

NFLUENCE OF DEVIATIONS IN THE POSITION OF WHEEL PAIRS IN A FREIGHT-CAR ON THE GUIDING FORCES

The article puts forward a hypothesis according to which the violation of the nominal setting of wheel pairs in railway rolling stock carts is the main reason for the increase in guiding forces in the wheel flange contacts of the wheels of freight cars with the rails. Increased loads in wheel flange contacts are the cause of a number of other negative phenomena: increased intensity of wear (undercutting) of wheel flange, increased wear of the side surfaces of rail heads, decrease in the coefficient of stability of wagons from derailment, etc. To test this hypothesis, a study was conducted to obtain dependencies, first of all, these are the characteristics of the influence of geometric deviations of the position of the wheel pairs in the cart on the level of guiding forces in the contacts of the wheels with the rails and the wear of the wheel flanges. The relevance of this study is confirmed by data on the catastrophic wear of rails and solid-rolled wheels of wagons. An analysis of statistical data oblique setting of wheel pairs in carts in plan due to running-in of side frames was made, which shows that in 80% of wagons these angles can be up to 0,015 rad (0,85 degrees). The formula for the critical derailment ratio of the frame force to the vertical load on the wheel has been clarified, in contrast to Nadal's formula, which additionally takes into account the deflection forces in the contact of the overlapping wheel.

INVESTIGATION OF INDICATORS OF COLD RESISTANCE AND CRACK RESISTANCE OF WHEELS MANUFACTURED BY JSC EVRAZ NTMK FROM DIFFERENT STEEL GRADES ACCORDING TO GOST 10791‒2011 AT PROLONGED LOW TEMPERATURES UP TO ‒60 °C

The Northern Latitudinal Railway is a railway in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, which is aimed at developing the main oil and gas region of the country. The railway will connect the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District with the Urals and Central Russia, as well as the south of the country, but first of all, the Northern Latitudinal Railway is considered in close connection with the Northern Sea Route. At present, the solid-rolled wheels are manufactured according to GOST 10791‒2011 and used on Russian railways. At the same time, with regard to the whole-rolled wheels of wheel sets of railway rolling stock, there is data on their basic characteristics that allow them to be reliably operated in temperate climates on most railways. The list of controlled parameters of the whole-rolled wheels is contained in GOST 10791‒2011, GOST 4835‒2013, GOST 11018‒2011, however, it is not exhaustive, as it is directly linked to the production technology and the available operational practice in relation to this manufacturing technology. At the same time, the existing regulatory framework does not practically contain requirements for the properties of wheels at low temperatures. The reliability of the whole-rolled wheels under these conditions has been confirmed empirically. In this connection, the evaluation of the low-temperature reliability of serial whole-rolled wheels according to GOST 10791‒2011 produced by JSC EVRAZ NTMK and the possibility of their use under operating conditions on the Northern Latitudinal Railway was carried out. The comparative studies of the behavior of the metal of whole-rolled wheels made of steel grades 2 and T with the determination of the degree of change in the properties and parameters of destruction under dynamic, static and cyclic loading under conditions of positive and negative temperatures are presented. The serial curves were constructed for changes in the impact strength and in the crack development of rims and discs of the whole-rolled wheels made of grades 2 and T at positive and negative temperatures. The risks of failures during work of railway wheels were assessed under operating conditions with prolonged low temperatures

A Laboratory Setup for Testing Power Converters for Short-Term Overvoltage Exposure

The article considers a laboratory setup for testing the stability of power converters to emergency conditions arising from an input overvoltage pulse up to 10 kV with duration of up to 12 ms as a result of switching processes. Such processes take place, for example, in the electrical circuits of DC electric locomotives. The laboratory setup has been designed using two power transistors and generates at its output an overvoltage pulse with the required duration of increasing to the specified amplitude and the required duration of decreasing to the specified voltage level. The setup electrical circuit diagram is given. Analytical expressions describing transients in the setup are defined, the accuracy of which is confirmed by computer simulation in the MATLAB Simulink environment. A mock-up sample of the proposed laboratory setup is described, and the results of its use in testing the PSN235 U2 auxiliary converter intended for the 3ES4K DC series electric freight locomotive are presented. The article is of interest to electrical engineers who are in charge for developing power electronic installations with an output pulse voltage of up to 10 kV for both railway rolling stock and industrial applications.

Levels of automation and design standards in transport

The existing scheme of classification of transport routes (railways and roads) depending on the intensity of the traffic load — flows of vehicles and speeds of their movement — is shown. It is noted that there are no universal classifications of transport routes at the global level within the same transport mode. There are national, regional and network-based pathway classification systems. Due to the development of digital traffic management systems in transport, classifications of lines of transport depending on the level of automation of the rolling stock have started to appear. The classifications adopted in the Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation for the main modes of transport — land (railways, roads), water (maritime and river transport) — considered. Bearing in mind the railway transport of the Russian Federation, the set of basic concepts adopted in the Provisional National Standard of the Russian Federation given the levels of automation in the control system of railway rolling stock in automatic and remote modes, predetermining the requirements for railway infrastructure — structures and devices, respectively. A similar situation found in the classification system for smart roads proposed by the International Road Congress Association. A conclusion on the need to revise the normative documentation for the design of construction (reconstruction) of communication lines to include a calculated level of automation formulated.

“Professionalitet”: formation of personnel potential based on the experience of the Perm Institute of Railway Transport

Currently, there is a radical restructuring of secondary vocational education in all spheres of industry production of the Russian Federation, in particular, in the railway transport industry, where special attention is paid to the development of highly qualified personnel potential. On September 1, 2022, the program of the Ministry of Education of Russia “Professionalitet” was launched, which included the railway industry. The main goal of the program is to organically connect the system of training highly qualified middle-level personnel with production industries, as well as to make training in vocational education programs less costly for the state budget.Nine leading educational institutions of the country, including the Perm Institute of Railway Transport, a branch of the Ural State Transport University, became the navigator of the federal project “Professionalitet” in the railway industry.At the Institute, “Professionalitet” included three specialties: 08.02.10 “Construction of railways, track and track facilities”; February 23, 2006 “Technical operation of rolling stock of railways (specialization locomotives)”; 27.02.03 “Automation and telemechanics in transport (railway transport)”. Equipment standards have been developed for each of the specialties.

Development of a Semiconductor Time Relay for Locomotives

Purpose. The need to replace the outdated element base of locomotive electrical apparatuses is urgent under conditions of locomotive overhaul to extend their service life. The main aim of the work is to reduce costs for the operation and repair of rolling stock by increasing the reliability of electrical apparatuses, the introduction of unified technical solutions. Methodology. Using the system-historical approach, the advantages and disadvantages of the main design principles of electrical apparatuses of locomotives are found out. The improvement directions of the elemental base of the time relay have been determined. The need to develop unified technical solutions for the implementation of locomotive time relays is substantiated. Using the methods of applied theory of digital machines and circuit engineering, a semiconductor time relay for locomotives was developed, which provides the possibility of implementing 23 options for time delay without changing the relay design. The proposed methodology allows designing universal electronic relays with any ranges of time delays. A combination of binary counters and a multiplexer is used as the main elements of the time delay control. The absence of elements of control capacitance and active resistance (RC circuits) in the scheme of the proposed semiconductor time relay allows ensuring the stability of the time relay characteristics over the entire operating interval, reducing the maintenance and repair costs of electrical apparatuses. Findings. A unified time relay with a wide range of time delay and the possibility of connecting electrical circuits of locomotives with a supply voltage of 50 and 110 V has been developed. The obtained results make it possible to predict the further development of semiconductor time relays and to apply the developed semiconductor (electronic) time relay for all types of railway rolling stock. Originality. In the work, the development of technologies and the element base of locomotive electrical apparatuses were analysed. The need to improve the element base of electrical apparatuses is substantiated using a time relay example. Practical value. Based on the proposed technical solutions, it is possible to produce a universal semiconductor time relay for locomotives.

КОНЦЕПЦИЯ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНОЙ ТОРМОЗНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ДЛЯ ПОДВИЖНОГО СОСТАВА

The study objective: to determine the main factors affecting the capacity of railway rolling stock braking systems. The task to which the paper is devoted is to find the algorithm for controlling the rolling stock braking process and choosing the most effective principle of the braking system. Research methods: computational and analytical method of mathematical modeling and practical research. Novelty of the work: a promising concept of the rolling stock braking system is proposed. Study results: it is proved that eddy current braking is a sufficiently effective way of controlling the speed of movement, which is especially important in extreme conditions to ensure safety. Conclusions: the use of hybrid designs of braking systems can significantly increase the braking efficiency and thereby increase the maximum safe speed of high-speed trains.

Анализ мест концентрации чрезвычайных ситуаций в Российской Федерации за последние годы и вопросы транспортного обеспечения

Purpose: Detecting of spots of concentration of emergences will allow to develop an effective methodology for provision of railway rolling stocks with transportation of wheeled and caterpillar technique for liquidation of emergence consequences. Statistical data analysis on emergences in Russia from 2010 to 2020 period; issue statement for model further design on technique delivery process organization for emergence liquidation; emergence study by character and kind of occurrence origins; concentration spots and statistical data collection of emergences in Russia from 2010 to 2020 period. Methods: Comparison and analysis of indicators characterizing emergences; conclusions on statistical research; identification of emergence legitimacies and occurrence risks. Results: Prognosis data obtaining on regions with spots with high frequency probability emergences; outlining in separate segment of questions connected with railway transportation of technique to emergence spots. Practical significance: Possibility for further development of effective directions of activity in the sphere of transport provision of emergence consequences in the spots of emergence probable concentration.

Simulation of terminal and logistics processes of foreign trade cargo processing at the Grodekovo border station

Introduction. The transport and logistics business has undergone significant changes while overcoming the challenges facing the transport industry. It requires new approaches to rational use, as well as the introduction of innovative technologies in the organisation of foreign trade transportation. This issue is especially relevant in the Far East region, where there is an imbalance of incoming freight flows and traffic capacity of the transport network, which leads to a decrease in the quality of transport services and the competitiveness of transport corridors running through Russia. The key elements of international transport corridors are transport hubs and border checkpoints; therefore, the purpose of the study is to assess the workload of a railway cargo terminal of the Pogranichny checkpoint within the Primorye-1 transport corridor. The object of study is the terminal and logistics complex of the Grodekovo border station.Materials and methods. In this study, methods of system analysis and information synthesis were used, as well as a programme for simulating the operation of technological zones of a border terminal and logistics centre.Results. The developed simulation programme made it possible to assess the workload of the warehouse terminal of the Grodekovo border station for processing foreign trade freight flow arriving by rail and road from Heilongjiang Province (PRC). The article presents the results of simulation modelling.Discussion and conclusion. Analysis of the results of simulation modelling showed the functioning of the cargo terminal of the Grodekovo border station with an increase in freight flow coming by road for reloading onto railway rolling stock, taking into account the duration of customs clearance, the limited capacity of the storage area and the cargo front, the number of handling equipment. Further research is aimed at creating a comprehensive programme that takes into account the traffic capacity of the entire system of ground checkpoints in the Far East region and the volume of the predicted freight flow.

Past Asbestos Exposure in Rolling Stock Manufacturing in the Absence of Environmental Monitoring: An Original Method.

The aim of this study is the reconstruction of asbestos exposure in absence of environmental monitoring data, to use the results in a cohort study of railway rolling stock workers. To reconstruct past exposures, the production data (number of rolling stock and asbestos content) and working methods were reconstructed with former employees and company documentation, literature data, and author expertise. The result of the work is a job/exposure matrix from 1956 to 1979, when sprayed asbestos was used as insulator of the metal bodies. Annual exposure estimate varies from 0.08 to 4.9 fb/mL depending on the specific jobs. Thirty-one mesotheliomas with occupational exposure, one with environmental and one with family exposures, were identified. The originality of the study consists on the use of company production data to establish frequency duration of asbestos exposure.