Road Landscape Research Articles

Simulation and Application of Urban Road Landscape Based on Geographic Information Data

In this paper, we study and analyze the urban road landscape by integrating big data with GIS and designing a simulation system. Underwood is selected as the base model and calibrated for optimal density and capacity. The traffic flow model is optimized, and the minimum flow rate of each class of road is corrected; the traffic volume of highway and expressway in the early morning and at night is adjusted to make up for the discrepancy between the calculated flow rate of the model and the actual situation due to the unstable speed. Investigate and analyze the pollutants produced by enterprises along the road and select suitable and targeted plants to enhance the ecological protection of road landscape and optimize and improve the park environment; combine the regional culture and apply the ceramic culture to the design of road landscape vignettes; select suitable water and moisture-resistant plants for slope protection plant landscape design, to form a trinity of ecological protection, landscape road, and riverfront green space of industrial park road landscape. As a new basic geospatial infrastructure and carrier, 3D city has a unique spatiotemporal view to plan and manage the operation and maintenance information of the whole city. This part of the study takes urban planning, community management, urban publicity, and tourism management as demonstration cases and focuses on the elaboration and verification of how 3D city data and 3D urban geographic information are applied in the refined urban construction and management. Typical road measurement data are selected, and the applicability of the road traffic flow model of each level is judged by numerical analysis. An interactive road model editing method with the help of auxiliary information is proposed. With the help of auxiliary information displayed in different ways, the operation of adjusting road height in three-dimensional space is transformed into operation in a two-dimensional plane, which can effectively simplify the operation process and improve the accuracy of model editing.

Research on driving visual comfort of two‐lane mountainous road based on traffic safety evaluation

AbstractIn order to obtain the quantitative relationship between multisource data from road landscape and driving visual comfort in two‐lane mountainous road, we collected the driver's eye movement data and road environment data through real vehicle tests. The threshold segmentation method and the target landscape area ratio method are used to process the visual image, and the spatial enclosure degree is used to express the driver's sense of spatial closure. In addition, an HSV color model is established to characterize the driver's visual perception of the mountain highway landscape environment. Combining the target landscape area ratio of road landscape with the amount of color information, the calculation method of road landscape information is obtained. According to the characteristics of normal distribution of pupil area ratio, five grades of driver's visual comfort level are proposed, and the regression relationship between comfort level and landscape information is established. The study found that there is a significant negative correlation between the amount of road landscape information and the driver's visual comfort. When the amount of road landscape information is less than 0.338, the driving comfort is higher, which is conducive to driving safety. However, when the amount of landscape information in the road area exceeds 0.644, the driving comfort decreases significantly, which is detrimental to driving safety.

Current state of decorative tree plants in ordinary street plantations of Kyiv

An increase in the level of anthropogenic load in urban complexes leads to negative ecological changes in the environment. Urban plantations are able to somewhat smooth out these shortcomings by their influence on the microclimate within the local territory. According to statistical data, every year the indicator of the provision of green spaces for the residents of Kyiv decreases, which, in particular, is caused by the unsatisfactory condition of street plants. The main purpose of the publication is to highlight the results of the research on the assortment of woody plants, to assess their general condition on the busiest streets and avenues of Kyiv, and to provide recommendations for creating a perspective list of plants for urban street landscaping. The article analyzes the data of the inventory, which was conducted within ordinary street plantings in 2021. It was determined that the most common street plantings are Tilia cordata, Aesculus hippocastanum and Populus nigra. A comparative analysis of the main range of plants in the street plantings of Kyiv for 2009 and 2021 was conducted and it was established that the number of and Populus nigra decreased and the percentage of Robinia pseudoacacia, Fraxinus excelsior increased. The assessment of the general state of plants indicates that the largest share of plants is in a satisfactory state – 50%. The best condition was noted in Robinia pseudoacacia, Acer platanoides and Tilia cordata. Attention is drawn to the general condition of woody plants in terms of the percentage of inactive photosynthetic surface and high resistance to urban conditions of Acer platanoides, Fraxinus excelsior and Robinia pseudoacacia is revealed. The analysis of experimental data provides grounds for determining the main and additional range of woody plant species that are recommended for use in street landscaping with further study of their stress resistance

Preservation and Renewal: A Study on Visual Evaluation of Urban Historical and Cultural Street Landscape in Quanzhou

This paper summarizes the basic characteristics of the cultural landscape in historical blocks by combing the relevant research results from visual evaluation of the landscape in historical blocks. Nine streets and alleys in the five historical blocks of Quanzhou, Fujian, were selected as the research objects, and the current situations of cultural landscapes in their spaces were collected and drawn into a table. The Semantic Differential (SD) method and Factor Analysis (FA) method were used to investigate and visually evaluate nine streets and alleys in five historical and cultural blocks in Quanzhou City. The questionnaire was formed in accordance with the requirements of the SD method, and evaluation was performed according to the questionnaire data. The FA method was used to further analyze the data, deduce the landscape evaluation curve and comprehensive evaluation table of historical and cultural blocks and construct the landscape visual evaluation system for blocks. At the same time, combined with the weight of each factor, the comprehensive evaluation score of each block was calculated. Finally, according to the score, the nine historical and cultural streets are sorted, the reasons are analyzed, and the references are discussed to provide scientific reference for the development and evaluation of other historical blocks.

Quantifying Ecological Landscape Quality of Urban Street by Open Street View Images: A Case Study of Xiamen Island, China

With the unprecedented urbanization processes around the world, cities have become the main areas of political, cultural, and economic creation, but these regions have also caused environmental degradation and even affected public health. Ecological landscape is considered as an important way to mitigate the impact of environmental exposure on urban residents. Therefore, quantifying the quality of urban road landscape and exploring its spatial heterogeneity to obtain basic data on the urban environment and provide ideas for urban residents to improve the environment will be a meaningful preparation for further urban planning. In this study, we proposed a framework to achieve automatic quantifying urban street quality by integrating a mass of street view images based on deep learning and landscape ecology. We conducted a case study in Xiamen Island and mapped a series of spatial distribution for ecological indicators including PLAND, LPI, AI, DIVISION, FRAC_MN, LSI and SHDI. Additionally, we quantified street quality by the entropy weight method. Our results showed the streetscape quality of the roundabout in Xiamen was relatively lower, while the central urban area presented a belt-shaped area with excellent landscape quality. We suggested that managers could build vertical greening on some streets around the Xiamen Island to improve the street quality in order to provide greater well-being for urban residents. In this study, it was found that there were still large uncertainties in the mechanism of environmental impact on human beings. We proposed to strengthen the in-depth understanding of the mechanism of environmental impact on human beings in the process of interaction between environment and human beings, and continue to form general models to enhance the ability of insight into the urban ecosystem.

EXPLORATION ON THE TEACHING REFORM OF “X-Y THEORY” IN THE DESIGN COURSE OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN SPECIALTY BASED ON EMOTION REGULATION

EXPLORATION ON THE TEACHING REFORM OF “X-Y THEORY” IN THE DESIGN COURSE OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN SPECIALTY BASED ON EMOTION REGULATION

Numerical Analysis and Calculation for Urban Street Landscape Spatial Pattern

In recent years, there are many problems in the construction of street landscape spatial pattern, such as emphasizing the surface, ignoring the substance, focusing on construction, and ignoring protection. The reason is closely related to the lack of visual evaluation of streetscape for guidance. This research mainly discusses the numerical analysis and calculation for the spatial pattern of urban streetscape. This study clarifies the related concepts of visual evaluation of urban streetscape and discusses the formation process, overall characteristics, and constituent elements of streetscape. It emphasizes the importance of two subjective and objective factors of “landscape” and “vision” for evaluation. This paper studies this spatial composition relationship from the perspective of street space and the building itself. In the research process, it selects the pedestrian street in the northwest of the city as the object and uses the questionnaire survey method and the multifactor evaluation method to carry out the visual evaluation of the streetscape. It deeply discusses the application of evaluation methods in practice and counts the relevant evaluation results. In the urban street space proportion curve and the corresponding comparative analysis, it is found that most of the street space proportion is between 0.6 and 3.0. This kind of space composition has mutual inclusive symmetry, which enhances the order and communication of urban architecture. This somewhat improves this alienated spatial morphological pattern. This research is helpful to promote the development of streetscape visual evaluation.

Height differentiation of valley-river landscapes of the right-bank Ukraine

The aim of the article. To analyze the peculiarities of height differentiation of valley-river landscapes and to study their current structure taking a model region as an example – a plain territory of the Right-bank Ukraine. Methods. The study is based on the ideas of F. M. Milkov on anthropogenic landscapes and their vertical (height) differentiation. In the process of research the constructive-scientific landscape approach and the principles of complexity and natural-anthropogenic combination were used. The main research methods, in addition to field, are methods of theoretical generalization, historical and landscape, the leading factor, zoning, modeling, analogy and more. Scientific novelty. The main focus of scientists is only on the impact of vertical zonation on mountain landscapes. Height differentiation of valley-river landscapes has not been given due attention. This is especially true of river valley landscapes that have been transformed as a result of economic activity. Practical value. Previous experience in the optimization of anthropogenic landscapes shows that taking into account their height differentiation is a necessary condition for the development of various projects and schemes of environmental management. Given the growing anthropogenic pressure on the environment, such studies will help to better understand the course of negative man-made processes and contribute to the optimization, conservation and protection of modern valley and river landscapes. In the long run, this may be the basis for similar research in river valleys around the world. Research results. The development of height differentiation within the boundaries of valley-river landscapes of the Right-bank Ukraine was considered based on the earlier experience. 2 height-landscape levels (“young” accumulative and “typical” accumulative-denudation) and 4 tiers were singled out in river valleys. Bridges, dams, causeways, derivative HES, “water” mills, anthropogenic islands, ponds of a riverbed type or meliorative canals – all these are typical for a lower tier of a “young” accumulative height-landscape level. A middle tier is represented with water-economic and agricultural landscapes. An upper tier is formed with residential and mining-industrial landscapes. In river valleys a “typical” accumulative-denudation height-landscape level has one lower tier which is formed with two natural types of localities: sloping and canyon-like. This tier is characterized with a good preservation (up to 35%) of natural landscapes. Anthropogenic landscapes are represented mainly with forest-cultural, residential, agricultural and road landscape complexes. The conclusion has been made that with further anthropogenization of river valleys it is expedient to make designs of anthropogenic landscapes, distributing them on height-landscape teirs evenly and thoughfully. Within the boundaries of a “young” accumulative height-landscape level it advisable to carry out the restoration and optimization of water-economic landscape-technical systems which are at the “aging” stage. To preserve valley-river landscapes it should be forbidden to take any economic measures except for the optimization ones.

Green Street Landscape Design Based on Sponge City Background

Green Street Landscape Design Based on Sponge City Background

Prediction of Urban Street Public Space Art Design Indicators Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network.

This paper analyzes and studies the structure and parameters of the VGGNet network model and selects the most commonly used and efficient VGG-16 as the prototype of the improved model. A multiscale sampling layer is added at the end of the VGG-16 convolution part so that the model can input images of any size for training and testing while reducing the number of neurons in the fully connected layer. This improves the training speed of the model under the premise of ensuring the accuracy. This paper uses multisource street spatial data combined with geographic information spatial analysis technology to measure and evaluate the spatial quality of streets in the main urban area. From the three dimensions of vitality, safety, and greenness of urban street space quality, a systematic structure for evaluation and analysis of street space quality is constructed. Street vitality includes eight index factors: entrance and exit density, street furniture density, street sketch density, street characteristic landscape density, POI density, POI diversity, commercial POI ratio, and street population density. There are five index factors: degree, roadside parking occupancy ratio, traffic signal system density, sidewalk width proportion, and street facility density. We use ArcGIS to build an index factor information database for statistical analysis and visualization. According to the natural discontinuous point classification method, the safety level of urban street public space is divided into five grades. The sample size of the first four grades has a small fluctuation range. The sample sizes are 153, 172, 153, and 158, respectively, accounting for 21%, 23%, 21%, and 21% of the total street samples, of which the first two grades occupy a total of 44%, so 44% of the streets in the main urban area have a low-quality level of street space. Level 5 has a sample of 102 streets, accounting for 14%, with an average street space quality value of 0.43.

Application of visual simulation in the activation of historical district

Abstract With the rapid development of China’s urbanization, a large number of people have moved from rural to urban areas. People have proposed higher and more urgent needs for the urban environment. Particularly, the urban street landscape is close to people’s lives, and the upgrading of design methods can improve the quality of life. Besides, the application of artificial intelligence design has become possible as information technology develops. In this paper, a visual simulator is established through algorithm models and applied to street landscape design.

Green Resources for Safety Improvement and Sustainable Landscape Design: The Case of a Dangerous Tehran-Dizin Road Bend

Improving road safety is not only reliant on engineering aspects but also on the surrounding landscape, which plays an indispensable role in drivers’ visual perception. As a part of road landscapes, green areas affect road safety by screening or framing views. While vistas could be highlighted in safe spots in order for road users to enjoy their travel, in dangerous scenic points, visual attractions need to be concealed to lessen visual distractions and the risk of accidents. This study aims at optimizing road safety through sustainable landscape design in one of the dangerous Tehran–Dizin road bends to meet both road safety and environmental requirements. In doing so, cone of vision formulas have been applied to calculate measures of green landscape features so as to hide visual distractions and upgrade safety. To design such a green landscape, green resources and their characteristics have been elaborated, and native species have been suggested in plant composition, which can improve the sense of place, enhance the environment, and create a sustainable landscape. The research shows that a cone of vision could functionally be employed to increase the success of a designed green landscape, especially in situations where two-dimensional approaches are not sufficient.

Remote Sensing Monitoring and Driving Force Analysis of Salinized Soil in Grassland Mining Area

To deal with the problem of soil salinization that exists widely in semi-arid grassland, the Shengli Coalfield in Xilinhot City was selected as the study area. Six periods of Landsat remote sensing data in 2002, 2005, 2008, 2011, 2014, and 2017 were used to extract the salinity index (SI) and surface albedo to construct the SI-Albedo feature space. The salinization monitoring index (SMI) was used to calculate and classify the soil salinization grades in the study area. The soil salinization status and its dynamic changes were monitored and analyzed. Combined with the logistic regression model, the roles of human and natural factors in the development of soil salinization were determined. The results were as follows: (1) The SMI index constructed using the SI-Albedo feature space is simple and easy to calculate, which is conducive to remote sensing monitoring of salinized soil. R2 of the SMI and soil salt content in the 2017 data from the study area is 0.7313, which achieves good results in the quantitative analysis and monitoring of soil salinization in the Xilinhot Shengli Coalfield. (2) The study area is a grassland landscape. However, grassland landscapes are decreasing year by year, and town landscapes, mining landscapes, and road landscapes are greatly increased. The areas of soil salinization reversion in the Shengli mining area from 2002–2005, 2005–2008, 2008–2011, 2011–2014, 2014–2017, and 2002–2017 were 65.64 km2, 1.03 km2, 18.44 km2, 0.9 km2, 7.52 km2, and 62.33 km2, respectively. The overall trend of soil salinization in the study area was reversed from 2002 to 2017. (3) The driving factors of salinized land from 2002 to 2008 are as follows: the distance to the nearest town landscape > the distance to the nearest mining landscape > the distance to the nearest road landscape. The driving factors of salinized land from 2008 to 2017 are as follows: the distance to nearest mining landscape > the distance to the nearest water landscape > the distance to nearest town landscape > altitude > aspect. Coal exploitation and town expansion have occupied a large amount of saline land, and petroleum exploitation and abandoned railway test sites have intensified the development of saline land. This study provides a reference for the treatment and protection of soil salinization in semi-arid grassland mining areas.

Retracted] Urban Road Landscape Design and Digital Twin Simulation Modeling Analysis

The concept of a digital twin (DT) has lately become popular in the domains of urban planning and managed services. Densification and competing use of urban highways will result from an increase in local and foreign workers in the next years. The MFFO (modified fruit fly optimization) method for large‐scale data transfer is presented in this study. The first step is to get data from the internet. A map‐matching technique is also given in this section of preprocessing. Validated data may then be loaded into DT to reproduce processes. The results of DT are included in the landscape architecture and the server of the urban road network. The server’s data may be improved by modernized fruit fly optimization (MFFO) to enhance the transmission control protocol (TCP). Finally, the performances from the urban road design are examined and matched with existing techniques. The results are shown in the MATLAB simulation software. The results reveal that the proposed system increased the accuracy of digitalized urban road data protection for all secret information while also taking lesser time to execute than existing methods.

Road salt is more toxic to wood frog embryos from polluted ponds

Organisms that rely on aquatic habitats in roaded landscapes face a growing array of consequences from pollution, especially due to freshwater salinization. Critically, these consequences can vary from population to population depending on exposure histories and evolutionary responses. Prior studies using transplant and common garden experiments have found that aquatic-stage wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) from roadside populations are less fit in the wild and more sensitive to road salt than their counterparts from woodland populations away from roads. While this pattern is consistent with local maladaptation, unresolved insights into the timing and duration of these effects leave open the possibility that negative outcomes are countered during development. Here, we asked whether the survival disadvantage of roadside wood frogs is stage-specific, and whether this disadvantage reverses before metamorphosis. We used a common garden road salt exposure experiment and a field-based reciprocal transplant experiment to examine differences in survival across life-history stage and with respect to population type. In each experimental context, roadside embryos showed a survival disadvantage relative to woodland embryos, and this disadvantage was not reversed prior to metamorphosis. We also found that salt exposure delayed metamorphosis more strongly for roadside than woodland populations. Together, these results suggest that local maladaptation in aquatic-stage wood frogs is driven by embryonic sensitivity to salt and that roadside populations are further compromised by delayed developmental rates. Future studies should consider which embryonic traits fail to adapt to salt toxicity, and how those traits might correlate with terrestrial trait variation.

ASSESSMENT OF DECORATIVE VALUE AND PROSPECTS OF THE GENUS MAGNOLIA COMPOSITIONAL USE ON THE TERRITORY OF VINNYTSIA

This article analyzes the main problems of use and compositional application of different types of magnolias in Vinnytsia. In the research material of the article we conducted an analytical review of the species diversity of magnolias. We found that most acclimatized species are highly decorative, the highest rate of decorativeness is characteristic of Magnolia Soulangeana Soul. (48 points), and the lowest in Magnolia obovata Thunb. (46 points). As a result of research it was found that the range of magnolias in Vinnytsia is very poor and is represented mainly by such species as: Magnolia kobus D.C., Magnolia obovata Thunb., Magnolia Soulangeana Soul., Magnolia acuminata L., Magnolia tripetala L.; It is investigated that in the compositional application of magnolias are used in Vinnytsia mainly for single or group landscaping of buildings; As a result of research, it was found that due to their morphobiological, ecological properties and decorative qualities, the possibilities of using magnolias can be much wider and knowing their winter hardiness, you can use a wider range of species in our conditions. It is established that less decorative, but more stable species are used for street landscaping (M. kobus DC, M. kobus Sarg. Var. Borealis., M. x loebneri Kache., M. acuminata L., M. salicifolia (Sieb. Et Zucc.) Maxim., M. x kewensis Pearce., M. biondii Pamp., M. cylindrica Rehd. Et Wils., Etc.). We have found that the most popular varieties of magnolia are Betty, Merril, Lennei. According to the results of the study, we found that the lowest prevalence rate is characteristic of Magnolia Loebneri "Merrill" (7%), and the highest in Magnolia x soulangeana "Lennei" (14%). It is established that these varieties have a number of advantages, among which it should be noted: plants are suitable for growing in Ukraine almost everywhere, cold- and frost-resistant; compact, characterized by slow growth; flowers have a decorative look, long retain freshness, are characterized by a wonderful aroma.

Enabling quality of urban spaces in Cairo\u2019s new suburban settlements: a community character approach for New Cairo, Egypt

A global concern claims that activities and functions that once filled traditional public spaces are privatized being less and less oriented to the public. In Cairo’s new settlements, public spaces don’t seem to contribute to its public life. Each community’s most valuable assets are the ones they already have; thus, urbanisms advocate the role of retaining traditional street patterns, vistas, and landscape of a community’s distinct character. The research aim is to identify design attributes to be added to the literature in terms of designing public spaces for the specific cultural context of Cairo, Egypt, and its new suburban settlements. The methodology then follows a comparative analysis study to reach the desired objectives of buildings a community character approach. In an exploratory method, two case studies of public spaces in Cairo are chosen following a purposive selection most relevant to the study. The target is to choose two cases in proximity for users to be familiar with the two of them and enable a reliable comparison. It then conducts a survey that involves the user’s evaluation of their public spaces in correlation to their needs. Jan Gehl’s twelve criteria are adopted by this paper’s field investigation for the assessment of public spaces’ quality. Findings of the study include an elaboration on Jan Gehl’s twelve criteria either by highlighting the importance of existing aspects or the addition of further criteria that showed value to public space quality and their users. The findings provide guidelines that help in designing quality public spaces in Cairo’s new settlements. The added value from this study is in identifying a set of factors or attributes that consider users’ needs for a given cultural context.

Enhancing Ecological, Functional, Social and Aesthetic Quality of Street Green Space by Planning Green Pockets

City residents do not always have an opportunity to visit larger parks or nature areas on a daily basis as the rhythm of their daily life does not allow them to spend enough time in a natural environment. More and more time is spent on the way to the place of work or home. As well as tourists on visiting the city use main streets as touristic routes. On the one hand, major central streets affect ecological balance of the city due to the heavy traffic and contamination from it, but on other hand, they are mostly visited public areas because of the public transport and various public buildings and touristic objects concentrated there. Thus, street green space plays an important role in the city landscape pattern and often requires much more diversity of plantings, humane and safer environment than other areas of the city. Street green space can be very limited especially in the centre of the city with dense building areas or places where historic pattern of buildings does not allow to expand green areas. But it is possible to find small green spaces or green pockets in several places along the street. Green pockets that developed as multifunctional, ecological and aesthetical green spaces can compensate insufficiency of street greenery. The socio-economically active, medium-size city of Rezekne in Latvia has been chosen as a pilot area for the assessment of potential to develop green pockets along main streets of the city. The central street of Rezekne is the main axis of the urban landscape which provides access to the city from other regions, although it is historic heritage area with active public life. Unfortunately, within the development of the city there were needs to increase the flow of the main street by reducing the green space. Therefore, it was not possible to develop classic street greenery of tree alleys. Due to the random spatial structure of buildings along the main street, there are open spaces of different size and shape between or in front of buildings. Those are appropriate for development of green spaces. The approach of green pockets was adapted for the main street of Rezekne as a tool for enhancing ecological, functional, social and aesthetic quality of street green space. As well as, this makes it possible to give the street landscape a diverse and multifunctional image and provide necessary functions and environment for residents and tourists. The aim of the article is to analyse problematic issues of the greenery of major central streets of Rezekne and present an approach of green pockets as a tool for their solving.

Quantitative analysis on sequential road landscape with overlapping of utility poles and mountains

Quantitative analysis on sequential road landscape with overlapping of utility poles and mountains

EAR-Net: Efficient Atrous Residual Network for Semantic Segmentation of Street Scenes Based on Deep Learning

Segmentation of street scenes is a key technology in the field of autonomous vehicles. However, conventional segmentation methods achieve low accuracy because of the complexity of street landscapes. Therefore, we propose an efficient atrous residual network (EAR-Net) to improve accuracy while maintaining computation costs. First, we performed feature extraction and restoration, utilizing depthwise separable convolution (DSConv) and interpolation. Compared with conventional methods, DSConv and interpolation significantly reduce computation costs while minimizing performance degradation. Second, we utilized residual learning and atrous spatial pyramid pooling (ASPP) to achieve high accuracy. Residual learning increases the ability to extract context information by preventing the problem of feature and gradient losses. In addition, ASPP extracts additional context information while maintaining the resolution of the feature map. Finally, to alleviate the class imbalance between the image background and objects and to improve learning efficiency, we utilized focal loss. We evaluated EAR-Net on the Cityscapes dataset, which is commonly used for street scene segmentation studies. Experimental results showed that the EAR-Net had better segmentation results and similar computation costs as the conventional methods. We also conducted an ablation study to analyze the contributions of the ASPP and DSConv in the EAR-Net.