Abstract
To deal with the problem of soil salinization that exists widely in semi-arid grassland, the Shengli Coalfield in Xilinhot City was selected as the study area. Six periods of Landsat remote sensing data in 2002, 2005, 2008, 2011, 2014, and 2017 were used to extract the salinity index (SI) and surface albedo to construct the SI-Albedo feature space. The salinization monitoring index (SMI) was used to calculate and classify the soil salinization grades in the study area. The soil salinization status and its dynamic changes were monitored and analyzed. Combined with the logistic regression model, the roles of human and natural factors in the development of soil salinization were determined. The results were as follows: (1) The SMI index constructed using the SI-Albedo feature space is simple and easy to calculate, which is conducive to remote sensing monitoring of salinized soil. R2 of the SMI and soil salt content in the 2017 data from the study area is 0.7313, which achieves good results in the quantitative analysis and monitoring of soil salinization in the Xilinhot Shengli Coalfield. (2) The study area is a grassland landscape. However, grassland landscapes are decreasing year by year, and town landscapes, mining landscapes, and road landscapes are greatly increased. The areas of soil salinization reversion in the Shengli mining area from 2002–2005, 2005–2008, 2008–2011, 2011–2014, 2014–2017, and 2002–2017 were 65.64 km2, 1.03 km2, 18.44 km2, 0.9 km2, 7.52 km2, and 62.33 km2, respectively. The overall trend of soil salinization in the study area was reversed from 2002 to 2017. (3) The driving factors of salinized land from 2002 to 2008 are as follows: the distance to the nearest town landscape > the distance to the nearest mining landscape > the distance to the nearest road landscape. The driving factors of salinized land from 2008 to 2017 are as follows: the distance to nearest mining landscape > the distance to the nearest water landscape > the distance to nearest town landscape > altitude > aspect. Coal exploitation and town expansion have occupied a large amount of saline land, and petroleum exploitation and abandoned railway test sites have intensified the development of saline land. This study provides a reference for the treatment and protection of soil salinization in semi-arid grassland mining areas.
Highlights
Soil salinization is one of the main causes of soil degradation
Real-time monitoring of the temporal and spatial dynamics of soil salinization is essential for salinization prevention, ecological protection, and regional sustainable development [5]
From 2002 to 2017, grassland landscape accounted for the largest proportion of all landscape types in the Shengli mining area of Xilinhot City, all above 74%, indicating that the study area is a typical grassland-based landscape type
Summary
Soil salinization is one of the main causes of soil degradation. Soil salinization usually occurs in arid and semi-arid regions with high evaporation intensity, high groundwater. Soil salinization causes serious deterioration of the regional ecological environment, reduces crop growth rate, and leads to a serious decline in crop yield. It is necessary to monitor the degree of soil salinization in real-time [2]. Regional soil salinity mapping is helpful for decision-makers when making improvements and optimization policies for establishing and specifying potential soil salinization areas in order to avoid unreasonable allocation of regional water and soil resources and sustainable degradation of the land ecosystem in arid and semi-arid regions [3]. Real-time monitoring of the temporal and spatial dynamics of soil salinization is essential for salinization prevention, ecological protection, and regional sustainable development [5]
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