Ripening Period Research Articles

RESEARCH OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE LIGHT REGIME ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF WINTER WHEAT IN AGROCENOSIS OF THE RIGHT BANK FOREST STEPPE

A study of the influence of sunlight on the growth and development of winter wheat plants. It is proved that the growth rate of plants also depends on the intensity of light. It is noted that the plants grow the fastest in the morning, the minimum growth rate is in the evening. In this regard, in full accordance with the above data, the reaction of winter wheat to the spectral composition of the rays. Therefore, for photosynthetic activity, wheat makes the best use of the red-orange part of the spectrum. It was determined that the best illumination in wheat cenoses in the tube exit phase was at the sowing rates of 1.5 million seeds / ha in 2020 (2550 lux). It is proved that in the period of milk ripeness the illumination of plants at different seeding rates was significantly lower, because in this period the leaf surface area is the highest. Therefore, during this period, the greatest penetration of light into the middle of the stem was observed at the seeding rate of 3 million seeds / ha. Thus, studies have shown that the light in wheat cenoses, both in the tube phase and in the milk ripeness phase, largely depends on the distribution of plants in the area, which is related to the seeding rate.

Morphological Diversity of Pyrus elaeagrifolia Pall. Ecotypes in Eastern Anatolia Region

One of the wild fruit species that has been in demand in the markets in Turkey in recent years is oleaster-leafed pear (Pyrus elaeagrifolia). This species, which is widespread especially in arid areas in Turkey, is represented by a wide morphological diversity. It is found in general rural areas and its fruits collected and valued by rural people. In this study it was determined phenological (including ripening period) and some important morphological parameters of eight pre-selected promising oleaster-leafed pear (Pyrus elaeagrifolia) ecotypes. Ripening dates of ecotypes were observed between 25 October and 12 November. Fruit mass were in range of 8.36 to 16.11 g indicates a 2-fold difference between the ecotype with the lowest fruit weight and the ecotype with the highest fruit weight. Shape index were changed from 0.87 to 1.07. Fruit pedicel length and fruit firmness were found between 9.13 to 16.32 mm and 4.47 to 7.89 kg cm-2, respectively. The ecotypes S1, S4 and S6 can be advanced for commercial cultivation; furthermore, other ecotypes can be used as source of breeding lines for genetic improvement of oleaster-leafed pear.

Features of Growth Processes of Sweet Cherry Trees of Various Ripening Terms in the Conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

One of the main requirements of the new stone fruit varieties recommended for commercial cultivation is a compact crown shape that allows for greater plant density and easier crown maintenance. The aim of the research was to establish the growth processes of the above-ground parts of cherry trees in varieties of different ripening periods. The article presents the results of studies of the features of apical and lateral growth of sweet cherry trees. Biological and varietal features of tree growth strength, growth and total length of annual shoots are determined. The dependence of tree trunk growth on apical growth force is established. According to the results of research, sweet cherry varieties are grouped according to the strength of growth: the vigorous varieties are Amazonka, Dar Mliyeva, Zoryana, Mliyivska zhovta; the semi dwarf are Aboryhenka, Alyonushka, Drohana zhovta, Mirazh; the dwarfing are Biryuza, Donetskyy uholyok, Melitopolska krapchasta, Meotida. The smallest increase in trunk diameter was found for the dwarfing variety Biryuza, and the largest – for the variety Drohana zhovta. The highest yield load per unit cross-sectional area of the trunk was recorded for the variety Donetskyy uholyok, the lowest – for Drohana zhovta. The amount of growth in the trunk diameter was inversely dependent on a load of trees with the crop and the strength of apical growth of sweet cherry trees. The features of shoot-forming ability allow characterising the shape of the crown of cherry trees: round – Donetskyy uholyok, Amazonka; high-round – varieties of Aborigenka, Dar Mliyeva, Zoryana; wide-pyramidal – Alyonushka, Drohana zhovta, Melitopolska krap-chasta; pyramidal – Mliyivska zhovta, Mirazh; low – Meotida, Biryuza. Dar Mliyeva, Zoryana, Mirazh, Melitopolska krapchasta and Drohana zhovta varieties have high shootability; the Mliyivska zhovta, Aboryhenka, Meotida, Amazonka varieties have medium shootability; Alyonushka, Biryuza, Donetskyy uholyok varieties have low shootability

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON THE MICROBIAL COMPOSITION OF SOUTHERN CHERNOZEM

In this paper, the effect of various doses of organic fertilizers from bird droppings on the spread of microorganisms in the rhizosphere of barley is investigated. Microbiological activity of southern chernozems was carried out before sowing barley. The use of organic fertilizers increased the predominance of the number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria absorbing ammonifiers and mineral forms of nitrogen, compared with fungi and actinomycetes. The favorable period for the growth of actinomycetes differentiated in the Gause nutrient medium coincided with the period of full ripeness of barley and a positive effect on their distribution on the variants 5 t/ha and 10 t/ha was noted. Cellulose destroying actinomycetes showed predominant results in relation to fungi, which is an indicator of the intensive destruction of plant residues and organic compounds in the soil. Studies show that increasing the dose of organic fertilizers in experimental variants has an adverse effect on the spread, growth and development of fungi. This may be due to the composition of the biological product used for composting organic fertilizers. The use of bird droppings in high doses promotes the reproduction of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

ABOUT THE INFLUENCE OF WEATHER AND CLIMATIC FACTORS ON THE GRAIN CROPS YIELD OF MINSK AND MOGILEV PROVINCES IN LATE 19th – EARLY 20th CENTURIES

A quantitative assessment of the influence of weather and climatic factors (average air temperature and the amount of precipitation by months of the growing season) on major agricultural crops yield was carried out using ‘weather – harvest’ regression models and available statistical and meteorological data for Minsk and Mogilev provinces in late 19th – early 20th centuries. On the basis of the established dependencies, the vulnerability of the main grain crops to the climatic conditions of the period under consideration is shown, and specific factors are identified that determine the climatic variability of their yield. Using the weather index on the example of Minsk province, the favorable weather conditions for the main grain crops growth (winter rye and oats) in the considered years were assessed. It is shown that fluctuations in yield of winter rye were determined by moisture storage on eve of sowing and the conditions of its conduction, the sizes of sowings death because of temperature and precipitation sums ratio, heat supply of a period of vegetation resumption, weather conditions of spring and summer vegetation, ripening and harvesting. The fluctuations in oat yield were conditioned by spring moisture storage, weather conditions of sowing and harvesting but mainly by temperature background of during a period of summer vegetation and crop ripening.

Effects of temperature during ripening on amylopectin chain-length distribution of ‘Koshihikari’ and ‘Ichihomare’

ABSTRACT Because of global warming, the ripening period of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is becoming hotter in Japan, and there is concern that eating quality will decline as a result. Amylopectin is the largest component of rice endosperm starch and its short-chain content has a considerable effect on the eating quality of cooked rice. Here we investigated the effect of high temperature during ripening on amylopectin chain-length distribution in ‘Koshihikari’, the leading cultivar in Japan, and in ‘Ichihomare’, released in 2017 and grown in Fukui prefecture, ripened in paddies over multiple years. The amylopectin short-chain content of degree-of-polymerization (DP) 6–13 of ‘Koshihikari’ grain ripened at high temperature was 3.03 points lower than that of grain ripened at low temperature. In contrast, that of ‘Ichihomare’ was only 0.26 points lower. For every 1-°C increase in temperature during ripening, the short-chain content of DP 6–13 of ‘Koshihikari’ decreased linearly by 1.03 points whereas that of ‘Ichihomare’ did not decreased significantly. These results suggest that the amylopectin chain-length distribution of ‘Ichihomare’ might be more stable to temperature during ripening than that of ‘Koshihikari’. The reason is yet unknown, but this trait will contribute to breeding and production of cultivars with stable good eating quality under high temperatures during ripening.

THE YIELD OF POTATO VARIETIES WHILE MAINTAINING A FIELD COLLECTION IN THE NORTHERN REGION AND HIGHLANDS

The article studied the passage of interstage periods and the yield formation of tubers of 93 potato varieties with different ripening periods. The selection of base clones was carried out in northern and southern conditions of Primorsky District in Arkhangelsk Oblast and the highlands of the North Caucasus at an altitude of 2 300–2 500 m above sea level. The growth, development and formation of tubers was significantly influenced by the length of day in the northern region and long sunshine hours in the highlands. The multiplication coefficient of plants in the highlands increased by 1.2–2.3 times compared to the northern region, while the highest increase was observed in late-ripening varieties. The weight of tubers of the early and mid-early ripening varieties was exceeded
 by 1.9–2.7 times compared with the northern region; the weight of the later period varieties was exceeded by 2.9–3.1 times.

Changes in the physiological state of peach plants influenced by drought

The article presents experimental data on physiological and biochemical studies of stone fruit culture on the example of Persica vulgaris (Mill.) In the humid subtropics of Russia. The research has been carried out since 2011 in the Laboratory of plant physiology and biochemistry of the Subtropical Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences on peach varieties of different ripening periods grown in the humid subtropics of Russia. To identify any physiological changes in the body of peach plants during drought, especially in summer, comprehensive diagnostic studies of the water regime (leaf turgidity, determination of the thickness of the leaf blade, water deficiency) and pigment composition are carried out, characterizing the functional state of peach plants. Under unfavorable conditions, promising varieties have a higher ratio of chlorophylls to carotenoids, which confirms their more developed adaptive potential. Studies of this nature have been carried out in order to identify and select resistant peach plants among the studied varieties, which would correspond to the humid region of the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory. In the subtropical zone of our region, the issue of drought resistance has always been acute, since the impact of negative environmental factors (cool spring, accompanied by drizzling rains and a long summer shortage of air and soil moisture) on peach plants lead to a decrease in productivity and a deterioration in the quality of fruits, which makes their unsuitable and non-transportable. It has been found that among the tested plants, peach varieties Maycrest, Fayet, Larisa have been distinguished by high physiological indicators, such as: low water deficiency – 12,20–14,65%, leaf turgidity ­– 0,18 mm, saturation of leaf tissues within 70,12–79,21%, the content of carotenoids is 0,5–0,7 units, which is a confirming sign of their high resistance to the negative effects of weather conditions in the south of Russia.

Effects of the Autumn Incorporation of Rice Straw and Application of Lime Nitrogen on Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Rice Growth of a High-Yielding Paddy Field in a Cool-Temperate Region in Japan

The effects of autumn plowing and lime nitrogen application on rice straw decomposition, CH4 and N2O emission and rice growth in the following year in a high-yielding rice cultivated paddy field were evaluated for two years. The experimental plots were set up, combining different times of rice straw (750 g m−2) incorporation into the soil by plowing (autumn or the following spring), with and without lime nitrogen application in autumn (5 g-N m−2). Autumn plowing promoted the decomposition of rice straw, but the application of lime nitrogen did not show a consistent trend. The soil pH was high (7.3) at the studied site, and the alkaline effect of lime nitrogen may not have been significant. As with straw decomposition, CH4 emissions were suppressed by autumn plowing, and no effect from the lime nitrogen application was observed. It was also suggested that the straw decomposition period may be shorter and the CH4 emissions may be higher in high-yielding cultivars that require a longer ripening period than in normal cultivars. The effect of both treatments on N2O emission was not clear. Both the autumn plowing of rice straw and lime nitrogen application were effective in promoting rice growth and increasing rice yield.

Justification of prospective pistachio (pistacia vera l.) varieties and forms while creating plantations in Uzbekistan

This article presents the results of research on the study of the qualitative properties of the fruits of selected promising pistachio forms. When creating pistachio plantations, it is recommended to use varieties with different periods of flowering and fruit ripening. This arrangement reduces the likelihood of damage to the pistachio flowers by spring frosts, increases the chances of pollination and ensures that the harvest is carried out in stages. For the creation of plantations in forestry, promising forms 518-G, 521-G, 527-SH, 528-G, 52-RG, 21-SH and 59-G are recommended as the most productive, large-fruited and resistant to adverse environmental factors, and also pests.

Assessment of economically valuable traits of apple varieties and features of the main elements of the technology for their cultivation in an arid climate

The purpose of the research is to create winter-hardy, large-fruited, high-yielding, high-quality varieties of apple trees of different ripening periods and their growing technology (use of a biological product) in the South Urals. The research was carried out on the basis of Orenburg Experimental Station of Horticulture and Viticulture - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Selection and Technology Center for Horticulture and Nursery ” from 1999 to 2020. Research objects were summer apple varieties – “Orenburgskoe”, “Orenburgskoe krasnoe”, “Solntsedar” (K); winter – “Orenburgskoe pozdnee”, “Zimnee”, “Yuzhnouralskoe” (K). The counts and observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods. As a result of the studies, the data obtained showed that the property of short stature as a genetic trait of resistance is transmitted to the offspring during hybridization. The varieties “Orenburgskoe pozdnee”, “Zimnee” and “Yuzhnouralskoe” showed the greatest increase in productivity embodiment experience “Evrikor Forte + 7” 2.5 l / ha by 25.4%, 24.3% and 22.2% respectively. Thus, the application of “Eurikor-Forte + 7” increased both the number of fruits and their weight, and also increased the yield of the studied varieties.

COMPARISON OF ANTIFUNGAL PROPERTIES OF LACTOBACILLUS RHAMNOSUS AND LACTOBACILLUS REUTERI WITH POTASSIUM SORBATE IN THE IRANIAN UF-FETA CHEESE

This study was aimed to compare antifungal properties of two lactobacilli strains with potassium sorbate in cheese. In this regard, the effect of 10-fold cell-free extract of Lactobacillus rhamnosus РТСС 1637 and Lactobacillus reuteri РТСС 1655 was studied on the growth of mold and yeast in the Iranian UF-Feta Cheese during a 60-day ripening period at 4 ℃. Additionally, the antifungal effect of potassium sorbate (300 and 500 ppm) and mixture of potassium sorbate and cell-free extract of tested bacteria were evaluated. The results showed that yeast and mold growth was occurred in both control and treated chesses, however, after 30 days storage, mold and yeast count was significantly lower in the cell free supernatant-treated UF-Feta cheese in comparison to the control cheese. Addition of potassium sorbate, as expected, significantly reduced mold and yeast growth in UF-Feta cheese during ripening period than control. On the other hand the result showed that mixture of probiotic extract and potassium sorbate had more efficiency in mold and yeast growth reduction than when the sorbate potassium was used alone. The highest fungal growth inhibition was achieved by application of 2 mL cell-free extract of L. reuteri CCTP 1655 along with 500 ppm potassium sorbate. Generally, it could be concluded that cell-free supernatant of tested bacteria has potential for use as bio preservatives in cheese and although studied probiotic extracts are not as effective as sorbate potassium in preventing fungi and yeast growth, they can be useful in reduction of yeast and mold growth.

Коэффициенты оригинальности Hippophae rhamnoides L. по фенологическим датам

Sea buckthorn is often perceived and used precisely as a fruit crop, but it also has decorative qualities. When choosing varieties for gardening, it is important to know the phenological dates of the onset of decorative phases, but literary sources often indicate only one phenophase - the period of fruit ripening. The purpose of this work is to analyze 18 varieties of sea buckthorn of the average ripening period according to the degree of originality of the onset of a number of phenophases. Female sea buckthorn plants are in the collection of the Main Botanical Garden. N.V. Tsitsina (Moscow, Russia). Annually from 2014 to 2019, 16 phenodates were noted (swelling and blooming of buds, appearance and blooming of leaves, complete leafing, yellowing of leaves, leaf fall, beginning of budding, mass budding, beginning of flowering, mass and end of flowering, fruit setting, single ripening, mass ripening , fruit fall). Originality coefficients were calculated by a statistical method for assessing the modality weight. It was found that among the varieties of the average ripening period, the Chuiskaya and Gus-Khrustalnaya varieties have a high degree of originality of the complex of phenological dates, and the overwhelming majority of varieties are the most typical in the sample. Keywords: HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES L., ORNAMENTAL PLANTS, ORIGINALITY, VARIETY, SEA BUCKTHORN, PHENODATES, PHENOLOGY

Relationships between Enzyme Digestibility of Brewer’s Rice and Air Temperature during Ripening Period in Brewer’s Rice Cultivars in Hyogo Prefecture

Relationships between Enzyme Digestibility of Brewer’s Rice and Air Temperature during Ripening Period in Brewer’s Rice Cultivars in Hyogo Prefecture

Pre Storage Application of 1- Methylcyclopropane (1-MCP) on Quality and Extending Storability of Tommy Atkins Mango Fruits

1-Methylcyclopropane (1-MCP) is an ethylene inhibitor tested for maintaining fruit quality and extending storability of Tommy Atkins mango fruits as an export variety.The fruits were harvested at maturity stage in July 2019 and 2020, immersed in (1-MCP) water solution at 750,1500 and 2250 ppb for 5 minutes besides control fruits soaked in tap water for the same period. Fruits were air dried then cold stored at 8°C ad RH 85-90% for 15,30,45and 60 days. After each storage period fruits were holding to ripe at 20°C for 7 days, At the end of storage period either 8°C and 20°C, fruit quality characteristics (weight loss,decay percentage, firmness and respiration rate, TSS %,and total acidity %) were evaluated. The results evaluated that (1-MCP) at 1500 ppb and storage at 8°C for 45 days was the best treatment for maintaining fruit quality after cold storage and the following ripening period at 20°C.

Oat samples valuable for breeding in the forest steppe of the Ob region with the optimal combination of yield elements

The results of the study of collection oat samples of various ecological and geographical origin are presented. The experiments were carried out in Novosibirsk region in 1994-2018. The sources that combine the optimal density of the productive plant stand and the mass of grain from the panicle were identified according to the ripeness groups. There were 413 collection samples of spring oats studied from 42 countries of the world for 25 years. Collection varieties were evaluated in nurseries of the 2nd-3d year of study. To identify the best samples, a scoring evaluation system of the traits under consideration, i.e. the density of the productive plant stand and the mass of grain from the panicle, was used. Comparison of genotypes for these traits was carried out within a group of varieties with an equal score for the duration of the seedlings -wax ripeness period. The standard varieties Krasnoobsky and Rovesnik were studied for all 25 years, therefore, all years were divided into three groups according to the average biological yield of these varieties. The first group includes 5 years, in which the standard varieties formed a low yield - less than 300 g/m2. The second group includes 14 years with a standard yield of 300-600 g/m2. The third group includes 5 years with the most favorable conditions for the formation of a high biological yield - more than 600 g/m2. A significant correlation between biological productivity and panicle productivity was noted in the standard variety Krasnoobsky during the years with a medium yield and in the standard variety Rovesnik during the years with a high yield. With the traits being evaluated in points, biological productivity showed a strong positive correlation with panicle productivity in Krasnoobsky variety in all groups of years, and in Rovesnik variety only in groups of years with medium and high yield. The sources of biological productivity of oats were identified by ripeness groups: very early - VIR-14522 (Dukat, Poland); early-ripening - VIR-14223 (Ardo KR-FPTS, Czechoslovakia); mid-early - VIR-15340 (Uran, Omsk region), VIR-14729 (SG-K-93682, the Czech Republic), VIR-14588 (Gramena, Germany), VIR-14582 (Carl Theodor, Germany), VIR-15012 (Togurchanin, Tomsk region), VIR-14706 (Keeper, Great Britain), VIR-14581 (Borka, Germany), VIR-15178 (Begunok, Ulyanovsk region) and Novosibirsky 5 (Novosibirsk region); mid-ripening - VIR-14377 (Mutika 572, Omsk region), VIR-14520 (Kwant, Poland), VIR-15254 (AC Mustang, Canada), VIR-15280 (55h 2106, Moscow region) and VIR-14527 (OM 1385, Great Britain); medium-late - VIR-15065 (Irtysh 22, Omsk region), VIR-14860 (Malysh, Tyumen region) and VIR-15103 (R8N9 3037-3072, Krasnoyarsk region).

COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF APPLE FRUITS OF ALTAI VARIETIES AS A SOURCE OF NUTRITIOUS AND BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES

A comparative analysis of the varietal variability of the fruits of 71 varieties of apple trees of Altai selection in terms of biochemical composition, according to generally accepted methods using statistical variation analysis based on long-term research, was carried out. Correlations were revealed between the content of chemical elements depending on other characteristics of the fruit and the period of ripening. The average content of soluble dry matter in fruits is from an average 15.5% in summer varieties to a high 16.2–16.3% in varieties with autumn and winter ripening. On average, the content of total sugars in fruits is high and varies insignificantly from 12.7 to 12.9%, the content of titratable acids in fruits is high – 1.0%. The content of ascorbic acid is higher in fruits of varieties with summer ripening and is 24.0 mg / 100 g, with autumn – 19.6 mg / 100 g, with winter – 22.0 mg / 100 g. As a result of selection for the qualitative improvement of fruits apple trees in Altai revealed a negative correlation of the biochemistry of the fetus, depending on its size for all indicators. Fruits of a significant part of varieties created in Altai have good taste, of which 27 have a sugar-acid index of 15–25. The fruits of the varieties Alpek, Altai Velvet, Altai New Year, Altai ruddy, Altai sweet, Gornoaltayskoe, Zolotaya taiga, Pepinka Altai have a very high sugar content of more than 15%, a high value of the sum of sugars – in fruits of 59 varieties from 10.0 to 14.9%. Varieties with high biochemical characteristics are their sources in breeding for improved biochemical composition of fruits.

ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ, УСТОЙЧИВЫЕ К БУРОЙ РЖАВЧИНЕ

Brown (leaf) rust is the most common wheat disease and is found on all continents and countries where this crop is cultivated. Spring wheat occupies about 9 million hectares in Northern Kazakhstan. According to M.K. Koishybaev, brown rust and Septoria spot often appear together in the northern region, when they spread during the shooting-earing period and in case of wide progression, yield losses reach 30-40%, at the beginning of the filling- grain milk ripeness period - 7-10%. Among plant protection measures from various diseases caused by parasitic fungi, bacteria, viruses, as well as from damage by various insects, the most effective is introduction of immune varieties into the culture. The aim of our research is to study the genetic resources of spring crops and to identify new sources and donors of leaf rust resistance in northern Kazakhstan. In total, 150 varieties of spring bread wheat of various ecological and geographical origin were selected. The collection seed plot of spring soft wheat was sown in 2 replications, with a plot area of 2m2. The brown rust plot was lain according to the methodology of the State Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops. As a result of the work carried out, thirty-one new sources of resistance to leaf rust were identified: k-29288 (Georgia), Stendal (Italy), Sriblyanka, PKHRSV 02 (Ukraine), Frontana (Brazil), Marquis (Canada), etc. Seven varieties were characterized by resistance to leaf rust and a complex of economically valuable traits: Lutescens 415/00; Lutescens 120-03; Lutescens 16-04; Haamam 4; Sigma; Sibirskaya 17; Chelyaba early. The selected samples are of great interest for practical breeding and will be used to create new varieties of spring wheat with high productivity and resistance to leaf rust.

New technologies of cultivation of watermelon as a key to development of the melon industry

Relevance. The appearance on the market of water-soluble fertilizers, growth regulators, biological products requires a detailed study of these drugs to determine their effectiveness in increasing yields and optimizing costs. Therefore, the issue of developing environmentally friendly elements of the technology for growing varieties of table watermelon of different ripening periods with the use of new types and forms of water-soluble fertilizers becomes urgent.Materials and methods. The object of research is varieties of watermelon of domestic selection of early and medium ripening. The studies were carried out in 2018-2020 on the basis of the Bikovskaya cucurbits breeding experimental station (Bykovskiy district, Volgograd region). The methods of using the preparation Potassium Humate (liquid) were studied: Treatment of plants twice, Soaking the seeds before sowing. The passage of the main periods of plant growth and development, biometric parameters of plants, biochemical composition of fruits and productivity of table watermelon were determined. The purpose of the research: to determine the effectiveness of methods of using potassium humate (liquid) in increasing yields, to reveal their influence on the quality of table watermelon fruits of different ripening periods.Results. The experimental data obtained showed a fairly high efficiency of the use of humic fertilizer in the cultivation of table watermelon both in early-maturing varieties and in varieties of late ripening. The maximum yield of the late-ripening watermelon variety Ikar was obtained when using the preparation Potassium Humate for treating plants – 17.1 t/ha, which is 25.7% more than control. The same method of using the humic preparation was noted as the most promising in the early ripening variety of watermelon Triumph, where the yield exceeded the control values by 21.8% and the method of use was by 18.0% – soaking the seeds before sowing. Studies have determined that the use of the preparation Potassium Humate in the technology of growing table watermelon allows to obtain fruits of good quality with a content of nitrates significantly lower than the maximum permissible concentrations for this culture (MPC – 60 mg/kg).

Prospects of application in the breeding Fragaria Orientalis Los. in the conditions of permafrost

This article discusses the issue of interspecific hybridization in the genus Fragaria L. under the conditions of Yakutia. The species of oriental strawberry - Fragaria Orientalis Los., which formed under severe natural selection conditions and possessed high ecological adaptability to local natural and climatic conditions, was used as the main form. Revealed high frost resistance, immunity, productivity, unpretentiousness, excellent taste, and aroma of fruits of the species of interest for breeding in extreme conditions. The purpose of the research is to create local varieties of strawberries that combine a high level of productivity and quality indicators with adaptability to a complex of biotic and abiotic environmental factors. The result of interspecific hybridization of strawberries was the creation of varieties with a complex of economically valuable traits: Sadovo-Spasskaya, Bersenevskaya, Vladyka Zosima. The high stability and productivity of the variety Sadovo-Spasskaya were noted. Early ripening, high winter hardiness, and high taste are characteristic of the Bersenevskaya variety. The Vladyka Zosima variety is distinguished by an early ripening period, high productivity in the year of planting, and a long fruiting period. The result of research from 1999 to 2020. the creation of diverse seedlings with different types and periods of fruiting, yield, and weight of fruits, varied in shape and taste, runners-forming with high winter hardiness began.