Results Of Independent T-test Research Articles

The Effect of Search, Solve, Create and Share (SSCS) Learning Model on Students’ Scientific Literacy

This study aimed to determine the effect of a Search, Solve, Create, and Share (SSCS) Learning models on students’ scientific literacy. The method used in this study was quasi experimental design, with research design nonequivalent control group. Population of this study were all the student’s of XI science classes. The sample was taken by purposive sampling and obtained 2 classes included XI science 1 and 2 as control and experimental class with the total number of each classes were 28 students. The data were collected through multiple choice test consisting of 20 items related to scientific literacy. The data obtained were analyze by independent sample t-test. The test result of independent sample t-test show sig (2-tailed) 0,05 at significance 5%, then H1 is accepted. The result indicated that Search, Solve, Create, and Share (SSCS) a significance effect on student’s scientific literacy on colloid system concepts.

Effect of Lactobacillus casei shirota strain probiotic beverage on the release of chromium ions in stainless steel brackets

AbstractIntroduction: Stainless steel brackets are often used in orthodontic treatment. Chromium is one of the stainless steel bracket elements that increases corrosion resistance. Chromium ions release can cause allergic reactions. Acidic pH due to food and drink consumed can cause corrosion and release of ions. One of the most widely consumed acidic pH drinks is the Lactobacillus casei shirota strain probiotic because it provides health benefits. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Lactobacillus casei shirota strain probiotic beverage on the release of chromium ions in stainless steel brackets. Methods: Laboratory experimental research with post-test only control group design. The number of samples is 10 for 2 groups. The bracket was immersed in artificial saliva as the control group and the probiotic drink Lactobacillus casei shirota strain as the treatment group. After 18 hours and 15 minutes of immersion in an incubator at 37°C, the immersion solutions were tested using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) to determine the release of chromium ions. The results of the study were analyzed using independent t-test. Results: The average chromium ion release in the control group was 7.63 ppm while the treatment group was 7.87 ppm. The results of independent t-test showed a significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusion: The release of chromium ions of stainless steel bracket immersed in probiotic beverage Lactobacillus casei shirota strain was significantly greater than that of immersion in artificial saliva. The value of chromium ion release obtained was still below the average daily intake of chromium.

The Effectiveness of Quizlet on Teaching Grammar at Eleventh Grade Students of SMA Negeri 1 Bantarsari Cilacap

<p>The problems of this research were students’ difficulties in mastering grammar because of monotonous activity and less interest to learn. Quizlet application was proposed as a new alternative media to engage students’ interest in learning grammar. This study aims to find there was a significant different or not between the experiment class and control class. This study used quasi experimental design and quantitative approach. The population of this research was the eleventh-grade as much as 172students . The sample was chosen by purposive sampling, with 35 students in experimental class and 35 students in control class. This study used pre-test and post-test to collect the data and was analyze used IBM SPSS V 25. The result of Independent Sample T-test showed that the sig.value was 0.298, it means that there was not significant effect. The use of Quizlet to teaching grammar at this school was less effective, but can still use to learn other English subject.</p>

Effectiveness of Interactive Classroom Tool: A Quasi-Experiment in Assessing Students’ Engagement and Performance in Mathematics 10 using ClassPoint


 Concerns about students' math skills have long existed on a global scale, the Philippines performed "significantly low" compared to all other participating countries in different achievement assessments. In addition, many students are showing signs of growing disengagement, particularly in mathematics. This is a significant matter since students' success and performance in mathematics may be at risk because of their lack of engagement. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the ClassPoint, an Interactive Classroom Tool, in enhancing students' engagement and performance in mathematics in face-to-face classes. The researcher utilized a quantitative quasi-experimental design, with 60 students as participants, covering the second quarter of Most Essential Learning Skills of Mathematics 10. Independent and Paired Samples t-test was employed to determine significant differences between formative test, posttest, and student engagement mean responses. The results showed that the students in the Experimental group who used the Interactive Classroom Tool performed better than the Comparison group who did not. The Experimental group showed a significant improvement in their performance, reaching a mastery level of 78% MPS, and a highly significant difference between the Comparison group in the independent t-test result. In addition, a paired t-test revealed that the interactive classroom tool considerably increased student engagement, as indicated by the significant difference in engagement scores between before and after the Interactive Classroom Tool was implemented. The study suggests that instructors may use Interactive Classroom Tool or ClassPoint as instructional materials to increase student participation and performance. 

Investigation of Science Teachers’ Level of Anxiety about Out-of-School Learning

The purpose of the current study is to determine science teachers’ level of anxiety about out-of-school learning environments and to investigate whether this level of anxiety varies significantly depending on different variables. The study employed the survey model, one of the quantitative research methods. The study was conducted in the spring term of the 2021-2022 school year. A total of 153 (110 female and 43 male) science teachers participated in the study. The participation was on a volunteer basis and the data were collected via Google Form. As the data collection tool, the “Science Teachers’ Level of Anxiety about Out-of-School Environments Evaluation Scale” was used. In the analysis of the collected data, a statistical program was used and the data were interpreted by looking at the results of independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). In this way, the participating teachers’ level of anxiety about out-of-school learning environments and the correlations between this level of anxiety and different variables were revealed. The mean score for the science teachers’ general level of anxiety about out-of-school learning environments was found to be 77.22. The participants stated that out-of-school learning environments make them partially concerned. No significant correlation was found between the science teachers’ level of anxiety about out-of-school learning environments and the gender variable. On the other hand, significant correlations were found between the science teachers’ level of anxiety about out-of-school learning environment and the variables of having received training on out-of-school learning environments, administrative attitude, frequency of visiting out-of-school environments, using out-of-school environments in science education and being able to prepare a plan for out-of-school teaching.

The Implementation of Cooperative Script Technique to Improve the Students’ Speaking Skill

The objective of this study was to find out whether the implementation of the Cooperative Script technique could improve students’ speaking skills at SMA Negeri 3 Majene of second grade students. The method used in this study was quantitative research through a quasi-experimental design. The population was the social second grade students of SMA Negeri 3 Majene. There was XI IPS 1 as the experimental class and XI IPS 2 as the control class. The sample used for the research consisted of saturated sampling, consisting of two classes: XI IPS 1 and XI IPS 2. The result of this research shows that the Cooperative Script technique has a positive result in improving students’ speaking skills. It can be proven by the students’ average scores from pre-test and post-test. It means that the Cooperative Script technique has a significant effect on students’ speaking skills. It proved by the result of the testing Independent Sample T-test with the value of Sig. (2-tailed) was 000,0 < 0,05. It can be concluded that Ha means Cooperative Script technique has significance effect to improve students’ speaking skill was accepted and H0 means Cooperative Script technique has no significance to improves students’ speaking skill was rejected. Then, the results of the questionnaire analysis regarding students’ perception of the Cooperative Script technique, it showed that most students agreed that Cooperative Script technique makes them more active and easier to express opinions during the learning process, in this case helps students in speaking English.

A Comparative Study of Classroom Anxiety & Coping Self-Efficacy in Adolescents in Indian Schools, in Association with School Counsellor

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate and study the differences in classroom anxiety and coping self-efficacy of adolescents (14–17-year-olds) in Indian schools, with & without a school counsellor. School counselling is a growing domain in Indian educational system & an essential aspect of the system, as it provides support to students to cope with academic, social and personal challenges. Adolescence is an age of transition and changes in dynamics of self. Emotional, vocational, social & psychological support from trained professionals in the school environment can be extremely helpful & beneficial at this age. A sample of N=142 adolescents participated in the study, providing self-report measures of classroom anxiety (Classroom Anxiety Measure) and coping self-efficacy (Coping Self-Efficacy Scale). The results revealed a significant negative correlation between classroom anxiety and coping self-efficacy (r = -0.619, p < 0.01). These findings suggest that as classroom anxiety increases, coping self-efficacy tends to decrease in adolescents. Additionally, the results of independent t-test for differences in the classroom anxiety and coping self-efficacy between the two groups also revealed that there was a significant difference in the classroom anxiety of the two groups, which was higher in the students of schools without a school counsellor. The coping selfefficacy scores however, showed no significant difference in between the two groups of adolescents. The implications of this study highlight the importance of addressing classroom anxiety and promoting coping self-efficacy among adolescents. Interventions aimed at enhancing coping skills and reducing anxiety in educational settings may contribute to improved wellbeing and academic performance.

Using THIEVES Strategy to Improve the Seventh Grade Students’ Reading Comprehension Achievement

This research was conducted with the aim of finding out whether there is significant improvement on students’ reading comprehension achievement before and after being taught by using THIEVES strategy and there is significant differences on students’ reading comprehension achievement who are taught by using THIEVES strategy and those who are not. This research was conducted for 12 meetings and quasi-experimental research design was used to conduct the research. The population in this study were all seventh grade students of SMPN 1 Panang Enim. In selecting the sample the writer used purposive sampling technique and in this study the total sample was 62 which included the experimental class and controll class. To analyze the data the writer used paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test via SPSS 25. Based on the result of paired sample t-test, the p-output was 0.000 with df=30 (2.042), and t-output was 6.291. Since the p-output was lower than 0.05 and t-output was higher than t-table (2.042) therefore it can be concluded that there was significant improvement from students’ pre-test to post-test scores in experimental class taught by using THIEVES Strategy. And based on the result of independent sample t-test, the p-output was 0.002 with df=60 (1.671), and t-output was 3.212. Since the p-output was lower than 0.05 and the t-output was higher than t-table (1.671) therefore it can be concluded that that there was significant difference on students’ reading comprehension achievement who are taught by using THIEVES strategy and those who are not at SMPN 1 Panang Enim.

The Effectiveness of Achievement Motivation Training to Increase Employee Organizational Commitment of PT. MX

This research aims to know the effectiveness achievement motivation training to increase organizational commitments of PT. MX Makassar Employees. The subjects were employees of PT. MX Makassar. They were The Supervisory Assistant, Supervisor, and Manager Assistant. Total subjects were 40. The instrument that was used at this research was Organizational Commitment Scale. Research data have been analysed by using Independent Samples t-test technique. The result of Independent Samples T-test that compared the experiment group and the control group indicated t = 9,620 (p <0,01) that meant, entirely, there was a differences with the increase of organizational commitment between the experiment group and the control group, were the score average of organizational commitments experiment was higher (mean =25) than control group (mean =2). Moreover, the different test of independent sample t-test, indicated affective commitment showed t =9,80 (p<0,01) that meant there was a difference with the increase of affective commitment between experiment group and control group. Furthermore, the continuance commitment t = 5381 (p>0,05) and normative commitment, was known t =5,779 (p>0,05). That all meant, both of the continuance commitment and normative commitment didn’t have a significant increase after training done.

EFEKTIFITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING BERBANTUAN TRIGONOMETRY HAND TRICK TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA BAB TRIGONOMETRI DI SMAN 10 SEMARANG

Trigonometry is a difficult chapter for some students, so teachers must be able to use learning models combined with learning media or a special tactic to be able to make students have a good understanding. The purpose of this researcg was to find out whether the Problem Based Learning model assisted by trigonometry hand tricks is better than the conventional learning model which usually used by teacher in class. This research using quantative approach with quasi experimental design. The data used in this study were data of result study trigonometry chapter from class X-1 as an experimental class and class X-3 as a control class in an educational unit, SMA Negeri 10 Semarang. The results of the SPSS-assisted independent T-test that have been applied in this study indicate that the calculated T value is less than the 5% significance level, there is 0.030 <0.05. This states that there is an average difference between the experimental class and the control class. Based on this it was concluded that the Problem Based Learning model assisted by trigonometry hand tricks is better than the conventional learning model with the lecture method. Keyword : Problem Based Learning, Trigonometry, result of study, Trigonometry hand trick

The role of university instructor’s narrative in students’ sustained attention, emotional involvement and cognitive learning

PurposeStorytelling is a method for training essential life issues as storytelling can assist learners to consider the story not just as a source of entertainment but as a practical lesson. In fact, teachers can encourage even the most unwilling students by engaging the students in storytelling while maintaining students' attention through narration using sounds and gestures. The present study aims to examine the effect of the university instructor’s narrative on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) student’s sustained attention, emotional involvement and cognitive learning.Design/methodology/approachTo do so, the study adopted a quasi-experimental research design with the aim of focusing on the students’ performance within two different virtual classes. University students’ sustained attention, emotional involvement and cognitive learning were assessed in control and experimental groups before and after the treatment. To measure students’ sustained attention, Wei et al.’s (2012) scale, which comprises six items, was used. Besides, emotional involvement was assessed through Golestani’s (2017) engagement questionnaire. To check students’ cognitive learning, the scale designed by Richmond et al. (1987) was utilized. The summaries and conclusions in the experimental class were ingrained in instructors’ pedagogical repertoires, as the repertoires offer students an alternative way to understand course material beyond a straight lecture. Students in the experimental group were also asked to ponder over the materials presented to the students each session, and the students were supposed to present a one to two-paragraph note on the possible implications of the materials instructed at each session.FindingsThe results of independent samples t-test indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the degree of their sustained attention, emotional involvement and cognitive learning. The findings of the present study can raise instructors’ awareness toward the application of narratives in their instructional methodologies, as well as putting forth significant strategies to enhance students’ sustained attention, emotional involvement and cognitive learning through narratives.Originality/valueThe theoretical framework of the study derives from Kromka and Goodboys (2018) conceptualization of instructor narrative (IN), defined as the explicit presentation of the lessons conclusion at the end of each session. Previous studies on narrative have primarily focused on learners’ narrative as an educational tool. Later studies on teacher narratives conceive this as the teachers’ personal anecdotes and story-like accounts of others’ experiences; nonetheless, the position which is taken in this study is more academically laden and is based on the information instructed in each session.

Flexural strength acrylic resin heat cured for denture base in soaking mouthwash containing siwak

Background: Teeth have an important role in a person, the most common cause of tooth loss is caries and periodontal disease. Tooth loss can be overcome by making dentures, removable denture components consist of dental elements, clasps, and bases. The denture base is part of denture that rests on soft tissues of oral cavity and is where denture elements are attached. One of the important mechanical properties for denture bases is flexural strength. Acrylic resin denture base material has disadvantage that it absorbs liquid and is porous so that food debris can settle and become a place for microorganisms to grow and multiply. This study aims to determine flexural strength of heat cured acrylic resin for denture base in immersing mouthwash containing siwak Method: this laboratory experiment used 12 linear specimens with a size (64 x 10 x 3.3 mm) ± 0.2 mm in accordance with ISO 20795-1:2013 which were divided into 2 groups, the first group was immersed in aquabidest (control), the second group was immersed in mouthwash containing siwak for 7 days. The data obtained were then tested using the Independent T-test Result: There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the flexural strength of heat cured acrylic resin Conclusion: From the research, there is no effect flexural strength of heat cured acrylic resin in soaking mouthwash containing siwak. The effect of mouthwash containing siwak on the flexural strength of heat-cured acrylic resin was not significant.

USING PARS STRATEGY TO IMPROVE SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION

Reading holds an important role in our lives. Reading allows us to expand our insight and knowledge. This research highlights the implementation of PARS strategy to improve secondary students’ reading comprehension. The objectives of the research were to find out whether or not there was any significant improvement on students’ reading comprehension of recount text by using PARS strategy and to find out whether or not there was any significant difference in students’ reading comprehension of recount text between those who were taught by using PARS strategy and those who were not. The population of this research was the tenth grade students of SMA 11 Palembang. The sample was taken by using purposive sampling and consisted of 85 students. The method of this research was a quantitative research with quasi experimental research design. The process of collecting the data was done by administering reading comprehension test with multiple choice form. The obtained data were analyzed by running Paired Sample T-test and Independent Sample T-test via SPSS. The result of Paired Sample T-Test revealed that PARS strategy could significantly improve students’ reading comprehension of recount text. Meanwhile, the result of independent sample t-test signified that there was no significant difference in students’ reading comprehension between those who were taught by using PARS strategy and those who were not.

Effects of footwear modification along with physiotherapy on activity of daily living (ADLS) in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis

Background: the management of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee with biomechanical therapies claimed that application of orthotic devices is another crucial component of a rehabilitation program. Several footwear modifications are used to lessen medial knee loading (MKL), which helps to reduce pain and other symptoms. Objective: to compare the effects of lateral heel wedge insole alone and in combination with medial arch support on ADLs in patient with medial knee OA. Methodology: A randomized clinical trial was conducted on n=60 patients with medial knee OA were randomly allocated in to group A, received lateral heel wedge insole (LHWI) along with medial arch support (MAS) and group B only adjusted with LHWI. Nonprobability convenient sampling technique was used to collect the data on the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcomes score (KOOS) was used as outcome measures. The outcome measures were assessed at the baseline, and after 8 and 16 weeks. Results: The results of independent t-test showed that group A which received LHWI along with MAS showed more significant improvement (p<0.05) in pain, ADLs, sports activity on KOOS questionnaire at each level of assessment than group B which only received the LHWI. But KOOS quality of life scores only showed significant improvement after 8 weeks of intervention in group A while after 16th weeks no significant difference (p=0.09) was observed. Conclusion: the lateral wedge insoles with medial arch support combined with conventional physical therapy protocol is more effective to improve activities of daily living (ADLS) in patients having medial knee osteoarthritis. Keywords: Footwear, osteoarthritis, lateral heel wedge insoles, KOOS, ADLs.

성인 영어학습자의 성격유형에 따른 영어 글쓰기전략 사용에 관한 연구

The purpose of this paper is to explore English writing strategies according to personality types of college students. To this end, an online survey was conducted on 87 students enrolled in an university in Chungcheongnam-do. After measuring free online personality types questionnaire, participants completed the English writing strategies. The result of Bayesian independent mean t-test to find out the difference between two groups, intuitive type used more self-directed and socio/affective strategies among metacognitive strategies in English writing than the sensing type. The judging type used more metacognitive strategies and data search strategy in English writing than the perceiving type. This study suggests learning strategies and learning methods suitable for individual learners’ personality types and it is a crucial source of basic data in English writing to systematize teaching methods by personality types according to age and English proficiency.

Metacognitive awareness levels of pre-service teachers

The effectiveness of teachers' use of their metacognitive skills is closely related to the success of the learning process. Nowadays, it is imperative for students to use self-regulatory and metacognitive skills to cope with the changes happening around the world. This study seeks to determine if the metacognitive awareness levels of pre-service teachers vary when they are grouped according to gender and year level. The sample size of this study is 120 pre-service teachers enrolled in a teacher education program at a state university in the Philippines. Two instruments were utilized in this study which are the Personal Information Form and the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) adapted from Schraw and Dennison (1994). Generally, results show that pre-service teachers’ metacognitive awareness levels were high. Independent sample t-test result shows that there is a significant difference between the pre-service teachers’ metacognitive awareness when they are grouped according to their gender. Similarly, a statistically significant difference was also found when they were grouped according to year level using one-way ANOVA. The results of this study suggest that teacher training programs should be organized with the objective of promoting the enhancement of metacognitive awareness knowledge and skills of pre-service teachers. Having high metacognitive awareness can improve the learning experience of the students; thus, it minimizes the difficulties that they may encounter. For the increased validity of the study, it is recommended to use a qualitative research approach.

Personality, Religiosity and Satisfaction with Life in Young Muslim and Christian Women in Pakistan.

This study investigated the relationship between personality traits, religiosity and satisfaction with life in young Muslim and Christian women. The current research involved a convenience sample (N=200; Mage=21.26) that was drawn from Kinnaird College for Women University Lahore, and Youhanabad Town Lahore, Pakistan. The Big Five Inventory, Centrality of Religiosity Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale were administered. Results of correlation analysis demonstrated a significant positive relationship between 'conscientiousness' and 'religious ideology' among Muslim women, whereas 'openness' and 'agreeableness' were strongly associated with all the dimensions of religiosity in Christian women. Findings of hierarchical linear regression analyses indicated that extraversion and agreeableness significantly predicted life satisfaction among Muslim and Christian participants respectively. Religiosity did not contribute to life satisfaction among both groups. Results of independent sample t-test showed that Christian women reported significantly higher degrees of extraversion and life satisfaction as compared to Muslim women who in contrast reported significantly higher level of agreeableness, neuroticism, and public religious practice. The findings are discussed in the context of gender, religion, culture and mental health.

Analysis of lowland rice farmers’ income using star systems in Gorontalo Province

This research focuses on · identifying the star system tradition in lowland farming in Gorontalo Province and · Analyzing the lowland rice farmers’ income using star systems. This research was carried out in April-June 2022. The data were primary and secondary. The method was descriptive-quantitative, using an income data analysis and an independent sample t-test. The results demonstrated that: · the Gorontalo society complied with the 4-star system tradition, i.e., Totokiya, Tadata, Otoluwo, and Maluo and farmers using star systems earned IDR8,595,476.00/farmer on average or IDR23,082,143.00/Ha on average at a revenue cost of IDR12,926,000.00/farmer or IDR23,082,143.00/Ha and a total cost of IDR4,330,524.00/farmer or IDR7,733,078.00/Ha. As exhibited by the independent sample t-test result, there was a significant difference in income between farmers using star systems and those using non-star systems in Gorontalo Province?

The Effect of Giving Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) Juice on Blood Pressure in Stage 1 Hypertension Patients in Cimahi Public Health Center

Background: One of the management of hypertension is with herbal medicine, such as cucumber juice, because cucumber contains a lot of potassium and water, a diuretic that can lower blood pressure. Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of cucumber juice on blood pressure in patients with stage 1 hypertension. Method: The research design used was (a quasi-experimental design) with the design using the Non-Equivalent Control Group. A total of 28 people whose blood pressure was measured consisted of 14 people in the intervention group giving cucumber juice and 14 in the control group without giving cucumber juice. Results: The study’s mean systolic blood pressure in the control and intervention groups ranged above 130 mmHg and 80 mmHg for diastolic. After the intervention procedure, the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the intervention group decreased to 120.71 mmHg (systolic) and 76.43 mmHg (diastolic). In contrast, the control group’s systolic and diastolic blood pressure was relatively stable. The Independent t-test result showed a significant p-value (< 0.05). Meanwhile, in the control group, a p-value of (> 0.05) was obtained, meaning there was no change in blood pressure in the control group. Conclusion: This study showed that cucumber juice affects blood pressure. Based on the study’s result, nurses need to maximize hypertension control by giving education to constantly consume anti-hypertensive drugs along with herbal medicine such as cucumber juice.

The Effectiveness of Leaflet and Video Educational Media Through Whatsapp toward the Knowledge of Type 2 DM Patients

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease with characteristics of hyperglycemia that occurs due to abnormalities in the secretion of insulin, the action of insulin or both. Diabetes is known as a silent killer because when it is known that complications have occurred. Complications can be prevented through a good understanding and knowledge of diabetes. Knowledge of DM patients can be improved through the provision of Education. There are various ways of providing education such as the type of media used and how education is given. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of leaflet education media and video education media through Whatsapp application to the knowledge of Type 2 DM patients. The research design used is quasi experimental design using pre-test and post-test with control group design. The sample consisted of 112 people divided into two groups, 56 people in the control group (leaflet media) and 56 people in the intervention group (video media). Sampling technique by purposive sampling. The results showed that health education provided with leaflets and video media via Whatsapp had an effect on improving the knowledge of Type 2 DM patients (p-value 0.000). The results of Independent T-Test showed the mean value on the leaflet media 12.10 and the mean on the video media 13.28 with a p-value of 0.019. Conclusion: the provision of health education using video media via Whatsapp is more effective in improving knowledge in Type 2 DM patients than using leaflet media via Whatsapp.