Results Of Independent T-test Research Articles

Applying Text Feature Walks Strategy in Higher Education to Improve Students’ Critical Reading Comprehension

This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of text feature walks strategy in helping students in higher education to improve their critical reading comprehension through the expository texts. It also explored the feedback from students related to the implementation of Text Feature Walks in the virtual classroom. There were 40 students of English Education Study Program in a private university becoming the sample in this study and they were equally divided into experimental and control groups. To measure their improvement in reading comprehension, all students were given pre- and post reading tests in the form of multiple choice. The data obtained were analyzed by using paired sample and independent sample t-tests. The results of paired sample t-test showed that there was a significant improvement in reading (Md=33.13, p=0.000) in experimental group. In addition, the result of independent sample t-test indicated that there were significant difference in reading (Md=39.70, p=0.000) of both groups.

The prevalence of Cyberchondria during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A cross-sectional study among a sample of Students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: Nowadays, the Internet and cyberspace play an important role in obtaining medical information. Many people on the Internet are looking for various information about diseases and their side effects. Aim: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of Cyberchondria among medical students in Kermanshah. Method: The present study was conducted using the descriptive-cross-sectional method. The population was all students of the University of Medical Sciences in Kermanshah in 2020. The sample of the current study included 372 students (206 males and 166 females) who were selected by convenience sampling method. The instrument used was a short form of Cyberchondria severity. Furthermore, SPSS statistical software version 25 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive indices of frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Fisher's exact test, Chi-square, inferential indices of independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance test, and Scheffe test were utilized in this research. Results: The results of independent t-test showed that there is a significant difference in the total score of Cyberchondria (P=0.019) between men and women and, women reported higher rates of cyberchondria. In terms of prevalence, most students were in the moderate range of Cyberchondria (74.46%), and the prevalence of severe Cyberchondria status of the participants was estimated at 13.97%. Conclusion: Since medical students in hospitals face various clients and different symptoms, they use the Internet a lot to obtain information in the field of medicine. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that Cyberchondria has a relatively high prevalence among medical students.

Pengaruh Pelatihan Medicine Ball Sit Up Throw Terhadap Kekuatan Otot Lengan dan Otot Punggung Pada Siswa Putra kelas VII SMP Negeri 4 Bolo

This studi aims to determine the effect of medicine ball sit-up throw training to arm muscle power and back muscle power. The research is quasi-experimentally in which the randomized pretest posttest control group design.Sample were male students SMP Negeri 4 bolo numbered people. The instrument used for research testing arm muscle power is push-up 60 second while the instrument to test the back muscle power is back and leg dynamometer.Furthermore the data analyzed by independent t-test at a significance level of less (α) of 0,05 with SPSS.16.0 Based on the results of independent t-test showed; (1) Variable arm muscle power with significance value 0,000, (2) Variable back muscle power with significance value 0,010. The significant value calculated is less than the value of a 0,05 so the hypothesis research “ Medicine ball sit -up throw effect on arm muscle power and back muscle power” accepted. It can be concluded that the training medicine ball sit-up throw significant effect on the increase in arm muscle power and back power on male students SMP Negeri 4 Bolo I the academic year of 2020/2021. For sports teacher trainers coaches and atheles are advised to use alternate training as medicine ball sit-up throw alternative way to increase arm muscle power and back muscle power.

Do Zinc Supplementation and Physical Exercise Affect Height, H/A z-score, and Academic Performance of Stunted Children in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic?

BACKGROUND: Stunting in children remains to be a global issue that requires to be addressed. Zinc plays a role in stimulating children’s growth. Research on zinc supplementation and physical exercise in stunted children remains limited in number, specifically during the COVID-19 pandemic.
 AIM: This study aims to analyze the effect of zinc supplementation and physical exercise on height, H/A z-score, and academic performance of stunted children in the COVID-19 pandemic.
 METHODS: The design used in this study was a randomized pre-post test control group design. A total of 30 stunted children aged 8-12 years was divided into 2 groups. The treatment group received 5 ml of zinc syrup 3 times/week for 3 months and practiced physical exercise 3 times/week for 3 months. The control group only practiced physical exercise 3 times/week for 3 months. The analysis of change difference in average height, H/A z-score, and academic performance between the treatment and control groups was performed using independent t-test.
 RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the increase in average height between treatment and control groups (p>0.05). There was increase in the average z-score of H/A in treatment group (0.19) which was higher than in control group (0.14), but the result of independent t-test showed that the mean difference was not significant (p>0.05). The result of independent t-test showed that there was no significant difference in the change in average academic performance scores between treatment and control groups (p>0.05).
 CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in the increase in height, H/A z-score, and academic performance of stunted children between the treatment and control groups. Further study is necessary to conduct with a minimum of 6 months of intervention in the non-pandemic period.

Utilization of Personal Protective Equipment in Construction Industry of Nepal

Construction industry is one of the most dangerous industries worldwide. Use of personal protective equipment reduces injuries associated with it. This study has been undertaken to find out safety improvement measures and enforcement of statutory provisions available for safety practices, to analyze the current issues regarding application of PPE and to identify key factors preventing effective use of safety wears in construction industry of Nepal. The methodology adopted consists of comprehensive review of literature and questionnaire survey.100 sets of questionnaires to the professionals and 385 to the site operatives were administered. The collected data were analyzed using relative mean score and independent samples test and then ranked as per their significance. This study concluded that routine check of scaffold and ladder, in house safety training, daily consciousness of safety practice, etc. will improve workers’ safety practices. Wearing PPE can help protect from work related injuries, feeling responsible for wearing PPE all the times, asking supervisors for provision of appropriate and adequate PPE but the management has not maintained sufficient stock of appropriate safety wears are the current issues regarding application of PPE. Based on the result of Independent Samples T-test, safety wears are not comfortable to wear with, operatives’ engagement in improper conduct that could endanger their safety, ineffective communication between safety managers and workers are the major factors preventing effective use of safety wears.

USING DROP EVERYTHING AND READ (DEAR) TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE READING COMPREHENSION OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

The objective of this study was to find out whether or not there was any significant differences on reading comprehension of descriptive text between the tenth grade students’ of SMA Methodist 4 Talang Kelapa who were taught using DEAR technique and those who were not. A quasi experimental research design was used in this study. There were 70 students taken as the sample who were chosen by using purposive sampling technique, consisting of 35 students as the experimental group and 35 students as the control group. In collecting the data, reading comprehension test of Descriptive text was used. The result of independent sample t-test found that t-obtained 3,531 was higher than t-table 1,995 with the degree of freedom (df=68) and the signicant 2-tailed was 0,001. It meant that the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. It indicated that there was a significant difference on reading comprehension of descriptive text between students who were taught using DEAR technique and those who were not. Therefore, DEAR technique was effective to be used as a technique in teaching reading comprehension. Besides that, teaching reading through the DEAR technique also able to improve and maintain the students’ concentration, interest and enjoyment in reading the English text. Keyword: R eading comprehension, descriptive, DEAR technique.

PROMOTING ENGAGE STUDY ACTIVATE (ESA) TECHNIQUE TO TEACH SPEAKING SKILL

ESA (Engage, Study, Activate) technique is one of alternative ways to teach EFL students how to speak in English, comprising three steps: engage, study, and activate. It is believed that this technique can assist the teachers in arousing students' interest, curiosity, and emotion, as well as encouraging them to orally express their feelings, information, and language. The goal of the research was to see whether there was a significant difference in speaking performance between the students who learned using ESA technique and those who were not. A quasi experimental research was administered as the design of the research. The sample was taken by using purposive sampling technique. The researchers considered the number of the students and whether the sample was taught by the same English teacher as choosing the sample. The data was collected using an oral test. The data was analyzed using the t-test. Based on the result of independent sample t-test, it was found that t obtained was 3.174. It was higher than t table (1.999). It indicated that H 0 was rejected and H a was accepted. Therefore, it confirmed that the students who were taught using ESA technique had better speaking achievement than the students who were not taught using ESA technique. Keywords : Engage study activate technique, speaking, recount text

ENHANCHING STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILL THROUGH MALL: WHATSAPP MESSAGES IN TEACHING WRITING

Mobile technologies offer numerous practical uses in language learning. The objective of this study to investigate whether or not the application of whatsapp group could improve students’ English writing achievement. The participant of this study were the second semester of English study program that consisted of 40 students. Quasi – Experimental design was applied in this study. In collecting the data, written test is given to sample. The result of data analysis showed that the students got better improvement in English writing ability after being treated by using Whatsapp Group Discussion. It based on the result of independent t-test whereas the t obtain was 5.298 and the significant level 0.00. Futhermore, it can be concluded that there was a significant difference between the student who were taught by using whatsapp group discussion and those who were not. In other words, Whatsapp group is a good teaching media and strategy in increasing students’ writing achievement. Therefore, it can be said that MALL is an appropriate teaching strategy in teaching writing for EFL students.

ENHANCHING STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILL THROUGH MALL: WHATSAPP MESSAGES IN TEACHING WRITING

Mobile technologies offer numerous practical uses in language learning. The objective of this study to investigate whether or not the application of whatsapp group could improve students’ English writing achievement. The participant of this study were the second semester of English study program that consisted of 40 students. Quasi – Experimental design was applied in this study. In collecting the data, written test is given to sample. The result of data analysis showed that the students got better improvement in English writing ability after being treated by using Whatsapp Group Discussion. It based on the result of independent t-test whereas the t obtain was 5.298 and the significant level 0.00. Futhermore, it can be concluded that there was a significant difference between the student who were taught by using whatsapp group discussion and those who were not. In other words, Whatsapp group is a good teaching media and strategy in increasing students’ writing achievement. Therefore, it can be said that MALL is an appropriate teaching strategy in teaching writing for EFL students.

ROUNDTABLE TECHNIQUE AND STUDENTS' WRITING ABILITY

In spite of its importance, writing seems always be a challenging skill for students to master in learning English. Persuading the teachers to persistently try different teaching techniques to reach the goal of teaching better writing is a must. Using roundtable technique become one of the choices. As this experimental study has proven that using roundtable technique give significant effect on the students’ writing ability. Toward the 42 students taken as the sample of the research, it is proved that there was significant difference on the students’ writing ability before (M=54.48, SD=13.155) and after being taught by using roundtable technique (M=73.9, SD=7.569), t(20)=13.55, P<0.0005. The results of independent sample t-test also shows that there is significant difference in writing ability between the students taught by using roundtable technique (M=73.9, SD=7.569) and those who were not (M=64.86, SD= 15.32), t(29)=2.426, P<0.05

The Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on Mental Health Among Residents of Assela Town.

BackgroundCOVID-19 has diversified problems such as physical health, mental health, psychosocial and economic impact on people all over the world. A report from Johns Hopkins University revealed that many millions of people have been infected and millions of them lost their lives due to the virus.PurposeTo assess the implementation of COVID-19 prevention mechanisms and to describe the impact of COVID-19 on people's mental health in Asella town.MethodsDescriptive survey research design was used. Two hundred and eleven randomly selected participants involved for the study. Data gathered by using PHQ-9 depressive symptom and STAI-s anxiety scales. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA with post hoc comparison.ResultsThe finding revealed that 14 and 5.2% of the participants reported sometimes and occasionally wearing a mask regardless of the presence or absence of symptom. About 6.2% and 10.9% of the participants reported occasionally and never for the item avoidance of sharing utensils during meals. Half (49.3%) and 37% of the participants reported somewhat worried and very worried, respectively for concern about other family members getting COVID-19 infection. About 8.5% (M=22.64, SD=1.93) and 10 (4.7%, M=16, SD=1.42) of the participants qualify in the criteria of severe depressive symptoms and moderate-severe depressive symptoms, respectively. Conversely, 11.84% (M=52.76, SD=3.9) qualify in the criterion for severe anxiety. The independent sample t-test result revealed that there was statistically significant difference among males and females for anxiety mean score. However, there was no statistically significant difference among males and females for depressive symptom mean score. Regarding mental health across different age categories, the ANOVA with post hoc analysis revealed that there was statistically significant difference for state anxiety mean score among younger and older participants but not for depressive symptom mean score.ConclusionGenerally, there is gap in the prevention of COVID-19. In addition, there is an elevated level of depressive and anxiety symptoms during the outbreak of COVID-19 that needs urgent psychological intervention.

“I Don’t Understand English Reading”: Utilizing Webtoon as Edutainment Medium to Foster Students’ Reading Comprehension

The demands of 21th century forced students to master in English reading. Yet, the problems faced by the students in reading comprehension still become the reason of alleviation in university level. Therefore, webtoon expected to be the medium that can foster students’ reading comprehension. This experimental study aims to investigate the effect of using webtoons in teaching reading comprehension in English. The design of this research was quasi-experimental. The research sample consisted of the 33 students of X TKL/A (class A of Electricity Department) as sample of experimental class and 36 students of X TKL/C (class C of Electricity Department) as sample in control class. Multiple choice type of test was given to the student and collected as the data of this research. Based on the result of data analysis, the alternative hypothesis is accepted which is there is significant effect used webtoon in teaching reading at the first grade of vocational state school in Majalengka. The data analysis showed that mean score in experimental class that utilized webtoon as medium was higher than control class that used printed narrative text only as medium. The independent t-test result also showed that tcount was higher than ttable (2.019>2). In brief, webtoon as edutainment medium is effective to foster students’ reading comprehension especially in reading narrative text.

TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A RISK FACTOR OF AGGRESSION IN ADULTS

OBJECTIVE: To examine the problem of aggression (physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in comparison to normal adults. METHOD: The present study was carried out from February to April 2019 in Faisalabad city that employed comparative research method with independent group research design. One hundred (n=100) patients suffering from T2DM, and one hundred (n=100) non-diabetic participants (normal adults) were recruited. Aggression Questionnaire was used to examine the aggression (physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility) among all participants. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Shapiro-Wilk normality test and independent samples t-test via SPSS, Version 22.0. RESULTS: Normality test indicated the normal distribution of data (p=0.447) related to aggression questionnaire. Results of independent samples t-test revealed that adults with T2DM reported more aggression (t=3.90, df=198, p=0.000), verbal aggression (t =2.85, df=198, p =0.005), anger (t=2.92, df=198, p =0.004) and hostility (t =4.29, df=198, p =0.000) than normal adults. Both groups did not report physical aggression with significant difference (t=1.34, df=198, p =0.180). CONCLUSION: T2DM is a potent risk factor of aggression in adults. T2DM patients mostly become verbally aggressive towards others. They also respond to external environment with intense anger and hostility. Thus, management of aggressive thoughts and acts is equally essential besides coping with the disease.

Pengaruh Bimbingan Berpusat Pada Klien Terhadap Kemandirian Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a disease characterized by an increase in blood glucose levels which has a risk of long-term or short-term complications. The inability of the community to carry out treatment independently is one of the causes that affect the ability of Diabetes Mellitus sufferers to carry out activities. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect of client-centered guidance on independence in Diabetes Mellitus patients.Methods:This study used a quasy-experimental design with a pre-post test control group design approach, The sample in this study was 46 respondents divided into 23 interventions group and 23 control groups. The sampling technique is consecutive sampling. The intervention was given by providing client-centered guidance on day 1 with 4 stages, time duration ± 60 minutes, and evaluation for 7 days. Analysis of data using an independent t-test with a significance level of = 0.05.Results: The results of the t-test independent t-test with the value of P = 0.001, it means is an effect of client-centered guidance on the independence of Diabetes Mellitus patients.Conclusion: Providing client-centered guidance can increase independence and it can as part of nursing care interventions in the form of a support education system.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED THEMATIC TEXTBOOK WITH THEME MY IDEALS AND SUB-THEME ME AND MY IDEALS BASED ON CURRICULUM 2013

This study aimed to develop a textbook for fourth grade elementary school students. This research applied research-and-development model adapted from Borg & Gall. The developmentinvolved the following steps (1) initial research and information gathering, (2) textbook planning, (3) product validation testing, (4) product revision, (5) product testing. The research data was obtained through documentation, interviews, questionnaires, validation sheets and learning achievement tests after a product trial had been carried out with 2 classes, namely the experimental class and the control class. The data were then analyzed using the t-test technique and the relative effectiveness test. The results of the independent t-test obtained t value -5.551 and showed significant differencewith p 0.000. The significance value was smaller than α value (0.05). This means that there is an average difference between the control class and the experimental class. The calculation of the relative effectiveness obtained a value of 57.24%, so it can be concluded that the textbook developed have a relative effectiveness level of 57.24% compared to the previous textbook.

Dialogue Journal Writing: Effects on the Quality of EFL learners’ Descriptive Writing

This study investigated the effect of dialogue journal writing on descriptive writing performance of English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners in Turkey. Participants were 53 EFL upper-intermediate learners who were selected based on their performance on Oxford Quick Placement Test and assigned randomly to experimental and control groups. Whereas the members in the control group participated in descriptive writing pre and post-tests only, the participants in the experimental group were required to write two journals a week for one month (four weeks) in the period between the pre- and post-tests. The teacher-researcher only tried to model the correct usage of the error in her responses, but did not explicitly correct the errors or did not provide any type of explicit feedback. Results of independent sample t-test showed a significant difference between the experimental and control group regarding the overall descriptive writing performance.

The Effect of Agrosains Based Engineering Design Process Learning Model With A Stem Approach to SMP Student

This research is aimed to study the effect of agroscience-based engineering design process learning model with STEM approach to junior high school student's HOTS. Research type is quasy-experiment with pre and post test control group design. This research done in even semester of 2019/2020 school year. Subject of this research is 7th grade students. Data collection technique and instrument in the form of test that covers revised Bloom Taxonomy HOTS indicator. Data analysis use kolmagorov smirnov normalization test, independent sample t-test and normalized gain. The result of independent sample t-test was Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000 < sig. a = 0.05. Student's HOTS improvement in experiment class higher (N-gain= 0.494) than control class (N-gain=0.279). Base on result can be cloncuded that there is significant effect from agroscience-based engineerig design process learning model with stem approach to junior high school student's HOTS. Experiment class student's HOTS improvement category was middle.

Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Think Pair Share (TPS) Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 2 Wangi-Wangi Selatan

Objective of this in Think Pair Share toward student learning motivation at grade VII SMP NeGERI 2 Wangi-Wangi Selatan. This research was quantitative research with quasi experimental method. Populations in this research was all grade VII SMP Negeri 2 Wangi-Wangi Selatan consisted of 100 students. Sample in the research was taken by using random sampling technique which consisted of 50 students were 25 students for experimental class and 25 student for control class. Instrument used in this research was questionnaire. Research outcome obtained showed that based on the result of independent t-test, it found that t-count = 3.312 and the t-table score in the significance level of 0.05 (5%) was 2.011 with df 48. As the > , therefore the hypothesis was accepted. So that it can be concluded that cooperative learning in Thin Pair Share type (TPS) affected toward student learning motivation at grade VII SMP Negeri 2 Wangi-Wangi Selatan.

Using Star (Select, Teach, Activate and Revisit) Strategy to Increase Vocabulary Mastery of Eighth Grade Students

The objectives of this study were: (1) to describe the implementation of STAR (Select, Teach, Activate and Revisit) strategy of the eighth grade students of MTs N 1 Bangka, and (2) to find out whether there was any significant difference in vocabulary mastery between the students who were taught by using STAR strategy and the students who were taught without STAR strategy. This study was focused on vocabulary mastery. The total number of sample was 64 students. In this study, the researcher used experimental research method with a quasi-experimental design. The result showed that the students’ vocabulary mastery significantly increased. It could be seen from the pre-test and post-test mean score. Furthermore, the result of independent sample t-test of students’ post-test between experimental group and control group showed that the t-obtained was higher than t-table (2.547 > 2.00) and the p-output was lower than computation with level significant 0.05 (0.014 < 0.05). It means that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted and the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected. It could be concluded that STAR strategy was effective to increase students’ vocabulary mastery.

Improving Students’ Reading Comprehension Text through Concept-Oriented Reading Instruction (CORI)

The aim of this research is to know the implementation of Concept-Oriented Reading Instruction (CORI) in improving students’ reading comprehension of analytical exposition text and to find out whether there is a significant difference between students who were taught by using CORI and those who were not. This research used quantitative approach with experimental research which was conducted at an Islamic High School in Kemuja, Bangka Belitung Province. The researcher used purposive sampling technique and two classes were taken as the sample. The result of the test was analyzed by using statistical analysis of paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test. The result showed that the students who learned by using CORI got higher score than those who did not. It could be seen from the result of independent sample t-test of students’ post-test between experimental group and control group, the t-obtained in equal variences assumed was 2.385, and the significant (2-tailed) was 0.023. Since t-obtained was higher than t-table (2.385 > 2.036) and the significant (2-tailed) was lower than computation with level significant (0.023 < 0.05). Based on the fact above, it could be concluded that CORI significantly improved the students’ reading comprehension.