Regional Economic System Research Articles

Типологизация региональных систем России в связи с процессами декарбонизации экономики

The Paris Agreement on climate change was adopted on December 12, 2015 by 197 states. Despite mutual sanctions between Russia and a group of countries led by the United States, the agree-ment remains in force. Since sanctions negatively affect the dynamics of the global economy, they cannot be perpetually imposed. Therefore, the state should be ready for any changes in foreign economic relations, including the lifting of sanctions and, in particular, fulfilment of the requirements of the Paris Agreement. To decarbonise the economy, regions have to take effective action and thoroughly assess the future work. The influence of the emission factor in each region is determined by the scale and structure of the econ-omy. The study presents a typology of regions based on the scale of production, functional localisation, vol-ume and structure of exports to non-CIS countries, volume and structure of exports by economic sectors subject to environmental taxation by the European Union and members of the Paris Agreement. Industrial regions, being major exporters of fuel and energy, chemistry and petrochemistry, metals, agricultural pro-duction, are more dependent on decarbonisation. Economically underdeveloped regions, such as Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Kalmykia, Karachay-Cherkessia, Tyva, Chechnya and Jewish Autonomous Oblast, do not actively participate in the international division of labour and, consequently, do not depend on decarbonisation processes. Thus, the territorial differentiation of Russian regional systems should be considered when implementing socio-economic strategies, which take into account decarbonisation pro-cesses. Introduction of international hydrocarbon regulation by the European Union and transition to envi-ronmentally friendly technologies for the production of goods and services will require the territorial and structural transformation of regional economic systems.

Creative reindustrialization: Data base as a digital footprint for second-tier cities of the Urals and Siberia

The modern stage of development of research in the field of regional economics involves the application of a wide coverage of regional economic systems data. Their overall totals form a digital trace of the development of the territory. A scientific digital footprint of the key factors and patterns of creative industries in the second-tier cities of Siberia and the Urals, reflected in the web application, allows imagining, comparing and comprehending the current state and perspectives of creative industries in second-tier cities. In this article, considering the demography dynamics and diversification of creative business activity as well as data on created enterprises, the author highlights the cities that are interested in creative reindustrialization the most – oil and gas specialize cities of Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous okrug – Megion, Nefteyugansk, Nizhnevartovsk, Nyagan, and Uray. Second-tier cities that display a relatively higher level of economic activity diversification encompass Novokuznetsk, Biysk, Nyagan, Prokopyevsk, Rubtsovsk, Sysert, and Uray. At the same time large industrial centers in regions provide more favorable conditions for the development of creative enterprises. Whereas in the regional context, the Tomsk region and Altai Krai lag behind other regions in absolute terms. Thus, the first obvious strategical step in municipal development through creative reindustrialization is using the essential opportunities highlighted by demography conditions, mainly in oil and gas towns. Whereas large industrial centers in regions could use more favorable conditions for the development of creative enterprises for its further development.

Differentiated approach to the diagnostics of economic security and resilience of Russian regions (case of the Volga federal district)

Relevance. Given the volatile global economy, unfriendly policy towards Russia and other external challenges, it is necessary to improve tools for predicting threats and risks to regional economic security and resilience. To this end, individual projections and indicators, as well as complex models should be examined. Research objective. The study aims to develop a new differentiated approach to diagnostics of indicators (projections) of economic security and resilience at the regional level, which can help visualize and evaluate threats to economic meso-systems. Data and Methods. Comparative and indicative approaches, ranking, piecewise linear approximation (scaling) and correlation analysis were used in the study. Results. As a result, the study presents the author's system of indicators of economic security and risks to the regional economy based on a differentiated approach. 36 indicators were grouped into 4 projections – general economic, social, technological and financial – and divided into sub-projections. In order to provide adequate and comparable estimates in the regional and temporal context, various methodological principles were used: application of relative indicators; assessment of cost indicators of regional development using the number of fixed market baskets (FMB) of the region (ratio of the regional cost indicator and the cost of a fixed market basket). Such approach allowed us to evaluate regional economic security in dynamics. The diagnostics of resilience of regional economic systems was performed in the context of individual projections by comparing crisis and relatively stable periods. Conclusions. The methodology was tested using data from regions of the Volga Federal District. The study revealed specific projections, sub-projections and indicators affected by threats, as well as demonstrated the ability of regions of the Volga Federal District to face the crisis and, in particular, resist sanctions.

중소벤처기업 지원정책의 미래 방향성에 관한 연구

SMEs play an important role in national and regional economic systems. However, as the potential vulnerability of SMEs has emerged as a major policy concern due to COVID-19, government support policy is being emphasized. Despite the importance of SME support policies, there is only a few research study on factors affecting the revitalization of SMEs. In addition, it is time to establish the future orientation of support policies that can respond to new environmental changes, such as the Fourth Industrial Revolution and post-COVID-19. This study examined the relationship between SME support policies and future directions. Factors of the effectiveness of SME support policies were provided by analyzing the contents of academic papers (research trends) and news articles (social trends). And for stratification and categorization of factors, the Futures Wheel methodology was applied.
 Factors were classified into three categories: institutional, policy, and behavioral and cultural factors. In addition, future SME support policies should be moving toward survival and coexistence, digital economy transformation, management innovation, regulatory reform, innovative growth, management stabilization, ecosystem creation, and competitiveness improvement.

Openness of Authorities and Trust in The Region: Assessment Tools Based on Social Mining

The study attempts to use scientometric analysis methods, social mining tools, and econometric modeling to show the relationship between the level of trust in regional economic systems and the openness of authorities. At the same time, trust is considered a risk factor in the development of economic systems due to the significant influence of this informal institution on the activities of economic entities with decision-making. The scientometric analysis of publications on the topic of the work made it possible to establish an exponential increase in the number of scientific articles on trust, openness, social networks, and the corresponding analytical tools. The constructed network maps of keywords made it possible to identify the largest thematic clusters reflecting the concentration of scientific works in research areas, firstly, related to data, algorithms, and technologies for their analysis, network users, and secondly, reflecting various aspects of organizational and individual behavior and what this behavior determines. The quantitative substantiation of the relationship between the openness of public authorities and the trust and involvement of the population was carried out by conducting factor analysis and constructing a regression model. Due to this, the study proved that the level of trust is more influenced by user engagement, which allows us to show the importance of a qualitative representation of the activities of authorities in social networks to increase the level of trust.

Models and Forecasts of the Export Potential of the Regional Economic System

Introduction. The export potential of the regional agricultural market causes great interest from both the scientific community and government agencies. Many scientific studies are devoted to the search for methods to increase the export potential in order to ensure the sustainable development of regional economic systems. The article proposes and tests the original author’s algorithm for creating a dynamic econometric model for forecasting the volumes of production, sales and exports of the main types of livestock products at the regional level. The purpose of the article is to assess the export potential of the main products of the regional agricultural market based on the built dynamic econometric models. Materials and Methods. The research is based on a set of empirical data of result and input variables characterizing the production, sales and export of the main livestock products in the region for the period 2010–2020. Research methods include dynamic analysis, econometric modeling and forecasting. The dynamic analysis carried out made it possible to assess the change in the production, sale and export of the main agricultural products in the region, to assess the current trends. Based on the constructed econometric models, the most significant factors influencing the resulting variables were identified, the specifications and verification of the models were carried out. The method of extrapolation of the identified trends made it possible to evaluate the predicted values of the resulting variables for the medium term. Results. Based on the selected input variables, models of production, sale and export of milk, wool and eggs by agricultural producers in the region were built. From a variety of alternative models, models with the best statistical quality characteristics were selected. The high level of quality of the obtained models made it possible to use them for predictive calculations of the levels of resulting variables for the period 2021–2026. Comparison of the results of the forecasts made it possible to identify the types of livestock products that already have a high level of exportability. In addition, types of products with a low level of exportability were identified, which have a high potential for increase. Discussion and Conclusion. As a result of using econometric modeling methods, dynamic models were obtained that made it possible to obtain a forecast for the development of livestock in a region with a high export potential in the near future. The practical significance of this article lies in the possibility of influencing the production, sale and export of livestock products in the region through a change in the corresponding set of factor variables of the models. Thus, the resulting dynamic models can be used both by agricultural producers for planning economic activities, and by regional authorities when drawing up regional development programs.

Анализ взаимосвязи между электронной коммерцией и региональным экономическим развитием Китая

The study uses the entropy method and coupling coordination model to analyze the relationship between e-commerce level and regional economic development. Based on this, the real data on the E-commerce level and regional economic development in China in 2016-2020 are used for empirical analysis. The results show that the comprehensive development index of China's e-commerce and regional economic system is increasing year by year. They have demonstrated a very high coupling degree, and the coupling co-ordination degree is increasing year by year. At present, two analyzed indicators have entered the primary coupling coordinated stage, and will soon step into the moderate coupling coordinated stage. Therefore, developing e-commerce is of great significance to promoting regional economic development in China.

FUNCTIONAL MODEL OF DIGITALIZATION PROCESSES’ MANAGEMENT OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

The article examines modern problems and prospects for the development of digitalization of regional economic systems. The main processes of the implementation of digital technologies in all aspects of the economic and social life of the regions have been studied. Based on the analysis, it was established that the development of digitalization contributes to the entry of regional economic systems into the global digital space, which contributes to the expansion of cooperation between regions and allows the formation of relevant IT clusters. It was proven that the processes of digitalization and intellectualization of economic processes are carried out in compliance with certain principles. Based on the analysis, the stages of digitalization of the regions were determined based on the number of IT specialists, IT companies and institutions that train specialists in the digital technology industry. On the basis of regional clustering, the main measures that contribute to the development of digitalization on the basis of innovation and investment were developed. The largest Ukrainian and foreign crowdfunding platforms on which communication exchange between ideas and investors is carried out were analyzed.

FINANCE MINISTERS OF THE MARI, MORDOVIAN AND CHUVASH ASSR DURING THE REFORMS OF 1953–1964

This article examines the biographies of finance ministers of three similar in their historical and socio-economic development of the autonomous republics of the Volga region – the Mari, the Mordovian and the Chuvash ASSR in 1953–1964. This chronological period is characterized by implementation of large-scale reforms of economic management, which affected, among other things, the regions of the country. In many ways, this determined instability in the composition of the Councils of Ministers of the ASSR, as well as the regional system of executive and administrative authorities in general. At the same time, the Ministries of Finance occupied a special position in the regional economic management system, and their role and importance remained virtually unchanged. The heads of these ministries were among the key members of the Councils of Ministers in the autonomous republics; a successful development of almost all areas of the national economy and the socio-cultural sphere of the regions depended on organization of the work in the departments subordinate to them.
 
 The purpose of the scientific work is to conduct a comparative analysis of the biographies of high-ranking regional leaders and identify a number of their inherent features. Based on the materials of the three regions, the article marks out some characteristic features related to the educational level, origin, and career development of Soviet-party managers who received the position of head of the financial department. The peculiarities of selecting candidates associated with the need to appoint highly qualified professionals to the post of Minister of Finance of the ASSR are noted.
 
 The results obtained will enable us to supplement the materials on the trends in transforming the composition of the Councils of Ministers of the RSFSR autonomous republics, as well as on the development of administrative, economic and political regional elites of the mid XX century.

Scientific approach to the study of the digitalization impact on the regional economy

The authors of the article test the hypothesis about the impact of digitalisation processes on the level of territories’ economic development. This hypothesis is based on the fact that in the Russian Federation digital transformation is considered as a conceptual model for improving the activities of intraregional economic units and the development of modern society, as well as a factor of economic and social breakthrough. The purpose of the study is to develop scientific and methodological support for the territories’ transformations management based on digital transformation. Systematization and generalization of methodological approaches to the assessment of digital transformation in the region have been carried out. For this purpose, a scientific approach to the design of indicators system characterizing the processes of digitalisation is proposed. To test the approach, a correlation analysis of the current state of digital development impact on the territories’ economic results was carried out. The analysis of the statistical dependence between the development and welfare level of Russian regions and the parameters of their digitalization showed a low (moderate) relationship. This means that with the current volume of funding for digital transformation and the use of information technologies, devices and special software, it is impossible to ensure the breakthrough development of regional economic systems and their production complexes.

ВНЕШНЕЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ И ЕГО ВЛИЯНИЕ НА УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ ЭКОНОМИКИ РЕГИОНА

The purpose of the article is to study the influence of the foreign economic potential of the subject of the Russian Federation on the stability of its economy. The sustainable development of the regional economic system implies its ability to develop in any conditions. The relevance of the topic of this study is due to the fact that the instability and volatility of the world economy are a threat to national economies and can lead to a crisis in the system. On the other hand, the crisis may become a trigger for the search for new sources of economic growth. The degree of stability of the regional economy is due to the influence of many different factors and requires a balance of indicators characterizing the ability of the region’s economy to expand reproduction, taking into account changes in the external environment. Consequently, the economy of a particular region cannot develop in isolation from other countries, since not all resources for its development can be obtained from the national economy or not all manufactured goods are in sufficient demand in Russia. Under these conditions, the external economic potential is one of the factors and conditions for the sustainable development of the economy of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

Innovative development of small business: Assessing the impact on GRP in Russia

Subject. This article discusses the contribution of small business to ensuring economic growth in the regions of Russia. Objectives. The article aims to identify the relationship between the innovative activities of small business and the indicators of development of regional economic systems. Methods. For the study, we used statistical methods of interaction detection and linear predictive models with loss functionality in the form of quantile functions. Results. The article notes that the calculations made do not confirm the hypothesis that there is a significant impact of small business and its innovative activities on the gross regional product. A significant relationship is observed between the costs of innovation of small enterprises and the gross regional product only. Conclusions. A quantile regression model based on GRP data and investment in innovation is ineffective. Increased investment in innovation cannot be considered as a possible predictor variable of GRP growth.

Innovative Potential of Regional Economic Systems under Conditions of Variability of Ecological and Economic Processes

In this paper, the authors studied the theoretical basis for the formation of the innovative potential for the development of ecological and economic regional systems, analyzed the indicators characterizing the level of innovative development of regions, developed recommendations for improving the innovative potential of ecological and economic regional systems. The influence of external factors, including the global pandemic, on regional economic systems requires an adequate identification of the dependence of the process of forming innovative potential on the degree of their development. In this regard, the difference in socio-economic conditions for the development of regions, as well as cardinal changes in scientific paradigms and theories, require a reasoned justification of the principles of the concept of forming the innovative potential of economic regional systems in the context of the rapidity of technological patterns and ecological influences. All this reinforces the need to substantiate the theoretical and methodological key concepts of development and formation of the innovative potential of economic systems of regions, determined by an understanding of the economic essence of the category “innovation potential” adapted to modern conditions of economic development, considering the factor dependence of the formation of stable and dynamic development of economic mesosystems.

К ВОПРОСУ О ФОРМИРОВАНИИ СИСТЕМЫ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ТУРИЗМА И ГОСТЕПРИИМСТВА РЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО УРОВНЯ С УЧЁТОМ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ СОСТАВЛЯЮЩЕЙ

The article is devoted to understanding the issue of managing the processes of sustain- able development of the tourism and hospi- tality industry. The structure of the develop- ment of elements of a tourist destination is presented, taking into account the principles of sustainable development. Innovative pro- cesses are considered as an integral part of sustainable development. The substantiation of the types of innovative processes in the hospitality industry system and their contri- bution to the sustainable development of the regional economic system is given.

Особенности институциональной трансформации России в современных условиях хозяйствования: уровневый подход

The article considers changes in the Russia’s economic system in contemporary realities through the prism of level and comparative approaches to research. The author analyses the current state, as well as the occurred and potentially necessary transformations of the institutional system at the level of macro-regions of the domestic economy over the past twenty years (2005–2021). The analysis showed, the domestic economy on a regional scale had a different level of susceptibility and adaptation of the institutional system to modern realities and the changes that they entail, which affects the efficiency of the economic system as a whole. Based on the analysis, institutional gaps were also identified (between related institutions, the rules of the game and control, institutional levels) that exist at the present stage in the “institutional field” of the meso- and macro-levels of the functioning of the economy of the Russian Federation. Such gaps are considered from the standpoint of noncomplementarity between new and existing institutions, as well as the lack of interconnection between related rules. On the basis of the analysis carried out, the features of the institutional transformation of the domestic economic system from the standpoint of the economic and institutional components are revealed. The identification of these features shows the common characteristics of the digitalization processes of regional economic systems in the country, as well as their differences in the aspect analyzed. This, in turn, indicates the need to study the successful experience of introducing digital technologies of individual subjects of the Russian Federation into their economic system and its possible adaptation to less successful regions of the country.

Economic assessment of the parameters of reproduction of land resources in the regional agricultural sector

Subject. This article discusses the importance of land resources for the development of the region. Objectives. The article aims to conduct an economic assessment of the reproduction of land resources in the Russian agriculture. Methods. For the study, we used statistical research methods and linear predictive models with a loss functional in the form of quantile functions. Results. The article confirms the hypothesis about the influence of the nature of economic activity on the parameters of reproduction of land resources within certain regional economic systems. The article proves that the increase in the intensity of the use of land resources, accompanied by an increase in the yield of agricultural crops, leads to a deterioration in the parameters of reproduction of land resources. At the same time, there is a statistically significant relationship between the parameters of reproduction and the level of application of organic fertilizers. Conclusions. The allowed losses of elements of land fertility should be compensated by the appropriate application of organic and mineral fertilizers, as well as the use of various soil protection measures.

Simulation of the development of the resource potential of the regional spatial-economic system under the conditions of the state of war and post-war recovery

Russia's war against Ukraine continues to deepen the processes of the global crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Violation by the aggressor country of all international rights and norms aggravates Ukraine's humanitarian and ecological disaster. At the same time, there is a threat to food security in the economic sphere of regional spatial and economic systems. Ensuring the formation of sufficient resources for restoring the economy of spatial-economic systems in martial law and post-war reconstruction remains a problematic issue. Therefore, creating models of forming spatial-economic system component resources and modeling behavior under different conditions is quite relevant and timely. The article's purpose is simulation modeling of developing the regional spatial-economic system's resource potential in martial law and post-war reconstruction conditions. Modeling of improving the efficiency of the use of the possibility of small business in ensuring war economic recovery was carried out, using a multifactorial dynamic model, the use of which allows determining the degree of influence of the effectiveness of the use of its constituent elements (labor, material, and technical, financial, innovative and infrastructural potential) on the leading indicators of post-war recovery, which makes it possible to identify the features of these components and allows them to be adapted to increase the efficiency of its use. The sustainable regional agricultural production model based on resource-saving and environmental protection technologies in martial law and post-war reconstruction is substantiated. Modeling of the post-war restoration of the tourist and recreational potential based on the development of aquaculture has been implemented, which allows determining the possibilities of the synergy of the restoration of the tourist and recreational potential on the main principles (ecosystem preservation, economic efficiency, and development of regional management) and integration processes, determining promising results for all subjects management Simulation modeling of the development of the regional investment potential in the conditions of martial law and post-war reconstruction was carried out. Keywords: simulation modeling, resource potential, regional spatial-economic system, martial law, post-war reconstruction

A study on the evolution of economic patterns and urban network system in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao greater bay area.

The COVID-19 pandemic has seriously affected China's macroeconomy, industrial transformation, and high-quality development. Research on economic patterns and urban network systems can provide a reference for healthy development of the regional economic system. The evolution of the economic pattern and urban network system of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) from 2010 to 2020 is investigated using methods (e.g., the gravity center model, the gravitational force model, social network analysis, and geographic information system). (1) The gravity center of gross domestic product (GDP) of the GBA is located in Nansha district, Guangzhou, with a skewing direction northwest-east-northwest and a movement rate of "large-small-large." The center of import and export and the center of consumption show a "zigzagging migration" in which the center of investment shows an "irregular (random) migration". (2) The economic connection degree of cities in the GBA exhibits a high ascending velocity, and the whole area tends to be mature, with a significant effect of spatial proximity. With the steady increase in network density, there is significant polarization of network centrality in the region. The four major cohesive subgroups have been relatively stable and consistent with the degree of geographic proximity of the cities. The center-periphery structure is more significant, in which the core area is extended to the cities on the east coast of the Pearl River Estuary, thus forming the core cluster of "Hong Kong-Shenzhen-Guangzhou-Dongguan." In this study, the evolution of economic patterns and urban network systems in the GBA over the past decade is analyzed using multiple methods (i.e., gravity model, urban network system analysis, and geographic information system) based on urban socioeconomic data by starting from various spatial elements (e.g., "points, lines, and networks") to gain insights into and optimize research on regional economic development after the COVID-19 pandemic.

A Cooperative Regional Economic System for Sustainable Resilience Policy

A Cooperative Regional Economic System for Sustainable Resilience Policy

The Dynamics of Regional Economic Growth and the Priorities of US Regional Economic Policy

Stimulation of the pace and formation of the structure of regional economic growth is invariably one of the fundamental goals of the regional economic policy pursued by the subjects of the federal state. In the context of the cyclical development of regional economic systems and the beginning of the regionalization of the economy of the world leader – the United States of America - the problem of spatial and temporal differentiation of the choice of priorities to stimulate regional economic growth is becoming more urgent. Using the methods of regression modeling and economic statistics, an analysis was made of the influence of the main instruments of regional economic policy on the dynamics of regional economic growth over a long period of time 1961–2020 and forecast up to 2030. The obtained results revealed spatial asymmetries in the combination of the use of fiscal instruments and structural investment measures to regulate economic growth, associated with the level of development of subregions and individual states of the country. The transfer of the investment burden to stimulate regional economic growth in times of crisis to the end consumer is noted. The article substantiates the increasing role of such an instrument of regional policy as the selective regulation of aggregate regional export in the long term, indicating the transition from globalization to regionalization of the development of the economic systems of the states and largest municipalities of the United States to maintain the pace of regional economic growth while changing its structure.