Regions Of Kazakhstan Research Articles

Polymorphic variants of the PIT-1 gene in simmental and red steppe cattle of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The search and identification of genes responsible for economically useful traits of cattle is relevant. Dairy productivity as a complex quantitative trait, is controlled by a large number of genes and their transcription factors taking into account the physiology of the animal. The dynamics of dairy productivity depends on a number of factors, since the secretory activity of the mammary gland is controlled by a complex of hormones, genes, transcription factors and enzymes. The studied gene Pit-1 (POU1F1) is an informative marker in determining milk and meat productivity. The genotype of an individual determines its productivity potential and the norm of reaction to environmental conditions. Genotypes of the studied gene are identified by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-PDRP) analysis. When analyzing the data, the chi-square test is used to determine the genotype, allele frequencies and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The object of research – DNA of blood of red steppe, simmental breeds of cattle of Pavlodar region of Kazakhstan. According to the results of amplification of Pit-1 gene fragment the PCR product with the size of 451 bp was obtained. According to the results of amplicon splitting the genotypes AA (451 bp), AB (451, 207, 244 bp) and BB (207, 244 bp) were obtained. In the considered farms of the region genotypes BB, AB prevail. In the studied groups of animals of the region high frequency of allele B is observed; in red steppe – 0.689, simmentals – 0.549; frequency of allele A – 0.312; 0.451 respectively. Genetic equilibrium is not disturbed; the criteria of reliability of the empirical distribution to the theoretical one in red steppe breed – 0.04, in simmentals – 0.16. The revealed associations of Pit-1 gene polymorphism can be used for selection and selecting parental pairs at directed breeding.

Analysis and risk assessment of the introduction of small ruminant plague pathogens, sheep pox and goat pox through the territory of the West Kazakhstan region into the Russian Federation

Sheep pox and goat pox (GFP) and peste des petits ruminants (PPR) are infectious diseases of viral nature that mainly affect small ruminants. In domestic animals these are sheep and goats and in wildlife saigas, ibex, antelope and so on. These diseases are considered to be emergent infections, since they are characterized by a transboundary route of entry and spread, as well as causing enormous economic damage in small livestock due to almost 100% mortality and high lethality. Studies have shown that there is a high risk of introduction of emergent infectious diseases pathogens from the territory of West Kazakhstan region (through Kaztalovsky district) to Alexandrovo-Gaysky district of Saratov region. The risk is assessed as high, due to the fact that the largest number of susceptible small ruminants is concentrated on the territory of Kaztalovsky district, which amounts to 287640 heads. Small ruminants’ population density in this district was 15.5 heads/km2. The highest number of cattle is also observed on the territory of Kaztalovsky district (which is 117893 heads, which is of certain importance when keeping cattle and cattle together as a potential source-virus carrier of pathogens of the considered infections. Risk scoring, taking into account the criterion of availability of international routes of communication, showed 2 points out of 5. But, taking into account the fact that the interstate border is not marked and there is no control line, it entails the free movement of both wild and farm animals, in addition, the risk of uncontrolled movement and transportation of animals and livestock products through anthropogenic factor increases. Taking into account these facts, the risk can be assessed as 5 points out of 5.

Analysis of Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Poverty in the Regions of Kazakhstan

The purpose of this work is to study the impact of demographic and socio-economic factors affecting the level of poverty in the regions of Kazakhstan. The research examined the regions of Atyrau, Turkestan, Mangystau, and Akmola regions, where the poverty rate is higher than the average for Kazakhstan. The main factors influencing poverty are divided into four groups: economic, demographic, social and geographical. The current study focuses on the analysis of the general dynamics of poverty in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Accordingly, the study aims to examine the impact of three factors (economic, demographic and social) on absolute poverty. The period under review included ten years, 2011-2021. Five hypotheses were put forward. The SPSS program was used for data analysis, and a correlation-regression analysis was carried out. The results of the study showed that average monthly salary, gross regional product, living wage, number of students at higher educational institutions, number of people who receive state pension payments, number of people who receive assigned state social payments have a significant influence on the poverty rate in Turkestan region. Poverty eradication is one of the biggest and most important tasks of society. This is the main mission of the World Bank and the primary goal in the field of sustainable development, which reflects the agreement of 193 countries on key socio-economic priorities. The results of the study can be used both at the state and local levels to develop programs and strategies to combat poverty in the regions of Kazakhstan.

The Impact of R&D on Sustainable Development: a Literature Review

R&D is seen as crucial to achieving sustainable development, as it promotes innovation and drives economic growth. The aim of this work is to identify primary indicators of research and development and conduct an analysis of the research and development situation in Kazakhstan. The methodology consists of a systematic literature review (13 articles) and statistical analysis of research and innovation development in Kazakhstan for the period between 2014 and 2020 and included indicators of R&D development in Kazakhstan: R&D Costs Total/ Internal/ External and Sources of funding. Results show that research and development investments have a positive impact on productivity, innovation, and economic growth. The results showed that the highest level of internal costs for innovative research and development is formed in the cities of Almaty and Astana and in the Mangystau region. However, the level of internal research costs in Almaty c. decreased by 22% in 2018. Positive dynamics were in Astana, East Kazakhstan, Atyrau, Mangystau, Pavlodar and Zhambyl regions. There was also observed a clear upward trend in the own funds of enterprises allocated to finance these costs. The findings suggest that policymakers should prioritize supporting research and development and innovation investments in both the public and private sectors. Analysis of research and development expenses shows that internal costs are the most crucial, as they reflect the innovation demand and potential of enterprises. Further analysis is necessary to examine the distribution of internal costs based on the types of activities carried out by companies.

New Opportunities and Prerequisites for Cross-Border Cooperation between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan

The purpose of this article is to explore the cross-border processes of neighbouring countries based on the interaction and mutual influence of the economies of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan and to identify new opportunities in the development of border areas. Scientific research has been studied and a review of literary sources reflecting not only the processes of interaction between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan in the field of economics, politics, economic security, education and the formation of infrastructure projects has been conducted. Research and compare the economic development of the two countries, show the economic and resource potential and give a comparative description of the development of border areas. The research methodology was aimed at a comprehensive analysis of cooperation priorities based on a survey of the main documents on cross-border cooperation of international organizations, including a database on measuring and monitoring the effectiveness of corridors; conducting a comprehensive statistical analysis of data from the Bureau of Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Economic Reform of the Republic of Kazakhstan, international rating agencies; assessing the distribution of regions of Kazakhstan in terms of per capita GRP; development and calculation of the coefficient of uneven economic development of the regions of Kazakhstan; conducting a rating of regions of Uzbekistan in terms of GRP per capita

Forecasting Sustainable Development of Organic Crop Production in Kazakhstan (oilseeds)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the state of organic crop production in Kazakhstan. In the research work, the factors affecting oilseeds of Kazakhstan were studied. The current research work is aimed at analyzing the general dynamics of organic agriculture in the republic of Kazakhstan. The period under review covered seventeen years from 2004 to 2021. To analyze the data, the r program was used and a correlation – regression analysis was carried out. The results of the study, the results of the forecast of harvesting oil-seeds for 2023-2026 for 4 years were presented. The results of the study show that the volume of organic crop production in Kazakhstan has a significant impact on the volume of gross output and arable land. Organic agriculture is the main goal of producing environmentally friendly products. The results of the study can be used at the state or local level to develop programs and strategies on the importance of ensuring the sustainable development of organic crop production in the regions of Kazakhstan, ensuring the safety of domestic oilseeds, sustainable development of the oilseeds market.

The skill of the playwright Baydilda Aidarbek in depicting images of the past and modern times

This article is devoted to the work of B. Aidarbek. He was born in the Suzak district of South Kazakhstan region (1959) and worked as a school teacher until retirement. Baydilda Aidarbek was previously better known for his poetry, and now he began to find his place in modern Kazakh drama. A deep scientific analysis of the plays of this author has not been carried out until today. The purpose of the article is to reveal the playwright's skill in depicting the past and modern times, in creating vivid images. In the work on the article, the author used the methods of reflection, analysis and comparison. The scientific novelty of this study consists in a detailed analysis of B. Aidarbek's dramaturgy. During the research, the author interviewed the playwright. Along with creativity, the author's path was filled with teaching. So, in the play "Mentor" ("Ustaz") the complex aspects of pedagogical work are revealed. In the plays "The Golden Throne of the Golden Horde", "Returned Happiness", "Jahid", "The Trial of Fate", "The Height of Aliya", "My Soul is my Honor", "The country begins from the Cradle", "Sin and Punishment", "Fulfilled Desire", "The Limit of Lies", "Love and friendship" ("Altyn ordanyn altyn tagy", "Kaita oralgan bakyt", "Zhahid", "Tagdyr taukymeti", "Aliyanyn biigi", "Zhanym – arymnyn sadagasy", "El bolamyn desen, besigindi tyze", "Kune men zhaza", "Oryndalgan tilek ", "Otiriktin shegi", "Mahabbat pen dostyk") and other works are reflected the moral issues of the past and present. These plays were shown on the stages of the people's theaters of the Sozak district, Shymkent, Taraz, Kyzylorda and Almaty.

Assessment of the Sustainable Development of Regions: the Case of Kazakhstan

This research work is devoted to assessing the sustainable development of regions in the example of Kazakhstan. Sustainable development is a strategically important aspect of the country, balancing economic growth, social well-being and environmental protection. The paper considers the key indicators used to assess the sustainable development of the regions of Kazakhstan. The Sustainable Development Goal Index (SDI) was calculated based on seven statistical indicators: gross regional product per capita, food security, unemployment rate, poverty rate, crime rate, education level, and environmental pollution in 14 regions and three cities from 2011 to 2021. The data was collected from the Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan. The initial data of stability indicators were used as a matrix with dimensions m * n to calculate the weight coefficients. Further indicators were scaled and standardized. In addition, to evaluate the weighted index, a measure of the entropy of the indicator was calculated. As a result of the index calculation, it was revealed that the rating leaders are the regions with the lowest normalized poverty level, and these regions take the first place - the cities of Almaty, Astana and Shymkent. In comparison, the highest normalized poverty rate with the lowest positions are Turkestan, North Kazakhstan and Zhambyl regions. This work is essential for making effective decisions and developing targeted strategies for the sustainable development of Kazakhstan. It can be used as a basis for further research in the regional development sustainability field.

ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ГИДРОТЕРМИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЙ НА ЮГЕ СИБИРИ В 1950-2020 ГГ. И ИХ СВЯЗЬ С КРУПНОМАСШТАБНЫМИ ЦИРКУЛЯЦИОННЫМИ ПРОЦЕССАМИ

The paper presents the dynamics of the hydrothermal coefficients characterizing agroclimatic resources on the territory of Siberia within the coordinates of 50°-65° N, 60°-120° E during modern climate change. The intensity, frequency, and duration of adverse weather phenomena for agriculture (the atmospheric droughts and moisture excess conditions) are analyzed. The Ped’ drought index ( S ) and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) calculated from the data of 134 weather stations and the ERA5 reanalysis are used as an indicator. In Eastern Siberia and in the west of the analyzed territory, there is an increase in aridity (a trend is 0.2-0.5 per decade). Northern regions of Kazakhstan, the Sayan Mountains, and the West Siberian Plain were characterized by a relative stability of hydrothermal conditions in 1950-2020 (statistically significant changes are not revealed). A direct linear dependence of hydrothermal conditions on large-scale circulation processes have been not detected for most cases. The greatest number of statistically significant correlation coefficients has been obtained for the drought index S and the SCAND (Scandinavia teleconnection pattern) index.

Assessment of Trends in the Development of Regional Differences in Kazakhstan

The aim of the current study is to assess regional differences in urban development in Kazakhstan using ten indicators classified by financial and economic health, business development, and standard of living. The data from 2018 to 2022 was analyzed, and a rating system was used to evaluate the regions. The data was collected from open sources. A literature review was conducted to determine the leading ten indicators. The research methodology used a rating system to identify leader regions and lag over the past five years. Ten points evaluated each indicator; as a result of all calculations, the maximum score could reach 100 points. The best five-year result was 63.1 in Astana city, 60.8 in Almaty city and 59.6 in Atyrau region. The lowest indicator is in the North Kazakhstan region - 23.7 points, followed by the Kyzylorda region (24.4) and Pavlodar region (25.3). Almaty and Astana cities excel in financial contributions, while other regions receive significant funds based on various factors such as natural resources. The analysis reveals low entrepreneurship development but an increasing number of SMEs. Population growth is observed in the cities of Astana and Almaty, while regional disparities in wages and poverty levels persist. Atyrau region is an industrial region with a low retail rate. The study's results can be used to implement regional development programs.

Use of Fish Resources and Prospects for Aquaculture Conservation in Water Bodies of West Kazakhstan Regions

The ability to meet the needs of the population in fish and fish products and its food security is one of the most acute problems in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The purpose of this study is to study the current state of fisheries in the Republic of Kazakhstan and to propose the development of fisheries in the West Kazakhstan region. Methods for studying of a condition of a fishery of Republic Kazakhstan statistical methods of the data analysis have been used, and exclusively the catch of fish and other water animals, and also dependence of physical volume of fish farming production on total quantity of the made production. In research topical questions of production capacity of fishing and fish-canning enterprises, by kinds and volumes of output production, economic indicators, and also on the enterprises which are carrying out purchase and realization of fish production, wholesale and retail trade, problems of marketing researches in the field of manufacture and safety of fish production are considered. Conclusions - proceeding from the received results it has been concluded that it is necessary to create laboratories and fish farming in autonomous objects, that will allow to develop innovative technologies of cultivation, conservation and replenishment of fish resources in water bodies of region, will provide educational base for training of future specialists, will create conditions for conservation and multiplication of fish resources of Kazakhstan, will increase food safety of the country, will solve key problems of fish industry development. Artificial fish farming involves intervention in the development of organisms in order to increase their productivity, such as regular restocking, feeding, protection from predators, etc.

К вопросу об определении рейтинга региона по объему креативных услуг

Trends in the development of creative services in the regions of Kazakhstan are analyzed. The statistical analysis, the forecast of development by extrapolation method is carried out. The rating of the regions by the volume of creative services has been determined. It is proposed to introduce the concepts of «creative services» and «creative industries» into statistical circulation in order to determine strategies for the development of regions. The research methods used in this article include the analysis of statistical data, forecasting, extrapolation method, and determining the rating of the regions of Kazakhstan.

PROBLEMS OF INTEGRATION OF KANDAS INTO KAZAKHSTANI SOCIETY BASED ON THE RESULTS OF FIELD RESEARCH

This article deals with the actual problem of integrating kandas into the Kazakh society. The authors set a goal to study the process of migration and adaptation of repatriates in Kazakhstan based on the theory of A. Ager and A. Strang, according to which there are 10 criteria for the success of integration. The findings of the study are based on the documentary and conceptual analyzes of the media and social networks. Documents and laws on migration were also analyzed in order to understand the practical implementation of the adopted regulations. In addition, field research was taken as the basis of the study - narrative-biographical interviews with repatriates in 3 regions of Kazakhstan: Almaty region, Esik; East Kazakhstan region, Shygys village; and North Kazakhstan region, Sergeevka village. These field studies were carried out in July-August 2023 under the project “Identification aspects of the kandas integration to Kazakhstani society” to study the degree of their integration into society and the features of their self-identification. Existing problems were revealed and tasks were set for solution in the foreseeable future.

Флористические находки на территории Казахстана

В процессе изучения Гербария Института экологии растений и животных (SVER) выявлены 16 видов растений, относящихся к 12 родам из 10 семейств, ранее не отмечавшихся для отдельных флористических районов (ФР) Казахстана: Каратауского ФР — 2 вида (Allium caeruleum и A. obliquum), Эмбинского ФР — 1 (Allium strictum), Южно-Устюртского ФР — 5 (Alyssum dasycarpum, Amberboa nana, Amberboa turanica, Arnebia decumbens и Asparagus breslerianus) и Тобол-Ишимского ФР — 8 видов (Bromus arvensis, B. squarrosus, Epilobium tetragonum, Matthiola superba, Psephellus sergii, Salix vinogradovii, Schoenoplectus hippolyti и Silene tatarica). Среди находок Bromus arvensis является новым видом для флоры Казахстана. Полученные результаты существенно расширяют имеющиеся представления о распространении приведенных видов во флоре Казахстана.

ANALYSIS OF DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS OF MONOCITIES IN EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION

The development of single-industry towns has been one of the main problems of Kazakhstan for many years. The depressive state of single-industry towns has worsened. This article is devoted to the development of the demographic potential of single-industry towns in the East Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study used methods of comparison, matching, extrapolation, modeling, and benchmarking. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the demographic indicators of single-industry towns in the East Kazakhstan region of Kazakhstan for 10 years. Based on the analysis carried out, a demographic forecast for the development of single-industry towns until 2030 was calculated. The factors influencing the development of the demographic potential of single-industry towns are determined. The authors attempted to calculate the index of demographic development of single-industry towns for 10 years, which shows the assessment of the settlements under consideration in terms of size and growth rate of demographic indicators and considers the balance of migration. An algorithm of actions for the development of single-industry towns is proposed.

Digital transformation of the healthcare sector as a factor in improving the quality of medical services (using the example of the East Kazakhstan region)

Object: The purpose of this study is to examine the variables influencing the growth of healthcare digitalization in the East Kazakhstan region using the correlation and regression analysis method.Methods: The traditional methods of economic (comparison, detailing) and econometric analysis (correlationregression analysis) were used in the work. As a performance measure, the number of organizations in the East Kazakhstan area that employ experts in information and communication technology in the field of healthcare is used.Findings: The results obtained during the study made it possible to identify weaknesses in the functioning and regulation of the healthcare sector in the East Kazakhstan region, to assess the quality of medical services provided and to identify promising areas in the implementation of digital technologies in the healthcare system. The need to modernize digital healthcare, its state regulation and support is shown.Conclusions: According to the report, the degree of information and communication technology adoption in the health care system has an impact on both the growth of the medical industry and the standard of services offered. Digital technologies make it possible to improve the relationships, guarantee comfortable access to medical services and recreate two-way ties for a long period of time. Also, digital technologies help to develop “smart health” methods to improve quality and reduce costs, support the efforts of the healthcare system to move to new models of patientcentered care. But on the path of striving to facilitate the work of healthcare and the relationship with the patient, one should not forget about the possible risks of leakage of personal data, cyber attacks, etc. In this regard, the development of this direction will require high costs and investments.

Polygenic gold mineralization in quartz-pebble formations on the Takyr-Kaljir site of the Southern Altai, East Kazakhstan Region

Purpose. The research purpose is to study the forms of gold occurrence in the Takyr graben alluvial-proluvial deposits in order to develop a low-waste resource-saving processing technology. Methods. At the first stage, in the course of field studies, the geological structure of the site is specified, samples are taken for mineralogical-technological analysis, which includes the following procedures: studying granulometric and mineral composition of detrital material; fractional gravitational beneficiation of the source material; fractional beneficiation of material pre-processed in the autogenous mill (AG mill); studying free (native) and bound gold in beneficiation products, their quantitative assessment. The samples are processed under the three-stage scheme using an autogenous mill for sample preparation. Findings. For the first time, the geological structure of the site has been specified with the identification of the deposits in the Turangi and Tuzkabak suites within its boundaries, as well as granulometric and petrographic composition of gold-bearing deposits, and the specifics of gold bearing. The detrital material, represented by quartz with a sharply subordinate amount of quartzite, quartz diorites and jasperoids, is practically identical in all fractions. Originality. For the first time, various types of gold mineralization have been identified in placer sands: clastogenic, newly-formed hypergene, newly-formed hydrothermal and residual. Fractional beneficiation makes it possible to estimate the gold content in each fraction and gravitational beneficiation products, as well as the ratio of free and bound native gold in different fractions. The largest amount of free native gold has been revealed in fractions of -0.25 + 0.1 mm (60%) and -0.074 + 0.044 mm (~40%). Gold is high-grade (96.5%) with an admixture of silver and iron. Together with gold, ilmenite, zircon, scheelite, native bismuth, as well as barite, galena, sphalerite, and dolomite have been identified. Practical implications. The research results make it possible to reassess the prospects of similar objects, to adjust the scheme and methodology for processing stream-sediment samples, to solve the issues of productive sand processing technology, as well as to improve the efficiency of geological exploration and eliminate the “underestimation” of gold deposits. The results obtained can be recommended for implementation by both domestic and foreign organizations specializing in the exploration and mining of gold deposits.

Prerequisites for Obtaining Foam Ceramic Materials Based on Local Raw Materials

The importance of foam ceramic materials and various methods of obtaining porous ceramic products are considered. The review of scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists in this field is given. The prospects of using the Flask material in wall ceramics are shown. The results of preliminary studies on the determination of the chemical composition of the flask deposits of Kazakhstan at the West Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University are presented. X-ray and chemical and mineralogical composition of the Flask of the Taskalinsky deposit in the West Kazakhstan region, chemical composition and plasticity of the deposit of the Pogodaevskaya bentonite clay of the West Kazakhstan region.The quality of the reserves of coal deposits located in Central Kazakhstan is given

NEURAL NETWORK MODEL OF SOIL MOISTURE FORECAST NORTH KAZAKHSTAN REGION

Dealing with agriculture, it is valuable to know an amount of moisture in a soil and to know how to forecast the stored soil moisture within particular period. Forecasting the stored soil moisture works for planning an extent and structure of crop production areas and adjustment of plant-growing programs. Having known about an amount of moisture in one-meter soil and the depth of precipitation in a vegetation season shall help farmers to determine a seeding time, type of fertilizers depending on soil quality and to work out an irrigation schedule as well. In this regard, over the last few years some vigorous activities applied to machine training methods of the weather forecast have been launched in the world. The goal of present research is to develop an artificial neuron network which shall afford an opportunity to figure out a stored soil moisture prior to outgoing to winter in a short-term. North Kazakhstan Region agrometeorological measuring stations for the period from 2012 to 2022 were used in the course of the neuron network training. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm aimed at non-linear regression models optimization was chosen for network training. The algorithm includes sequential approximation of initial parameter values to a local optimum. The mean squared error (MSE) function and the correlation coefficient ensure accuracy and precision of forecasts. As a result, 7 neural networks under MATLAB environment using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, with different input and output data, and with different number of learning iterations came to realization. Following analysis of the results, the choice was fallen on the ANN9 best network offering minimum error function and actual data maximum correlation. The neural network obtained fits for use to make efficient decisions in the North Kazakhstan region agricultural sector in the short term.

DEVELOPMENT OF A LINEAR REGRESSION MODEL BASED ON VEGETATION INDICES OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS

The article is devoted to the study of vegetation indices for assessing the productivity of agricultural crops of the North Kazakhstan Agricultural Experimental Station (NKAES) LLP. The research was carried out using a modern software package for processing satellite images, EOS Land Viewer. The work used images from the Landsat 8 (USA) and Sentitel 2 (European Space Agency) spacecraft. Digitized Earth remote sensing data for the last 3 years are presented, showing changes in the amount of moisture reserves on the territory of NKAES LLP. Time series of distribution of the studied coefficients were constructed according to different phases of active vegetation biomass in the study area. The resulting time series made it possible to identify annually repeating patterns, a linear trend of increasing and decreasing NDWI and NDVI on the territory of the NKAES LLP. Review of studies over the past 5 years, published in highly rated foreign journals, on various vegetation indices, including indices designed to assess moisture content in vegetation and soil. It is noted that the first normalized water index, NDWI, using the SWIR infrared channel, unlike the widely used NDVI vegetation index, actually penetrates 80% of the atmosphere. Analysis of the obtained NDWI allowed us to identify dry, moderately dry and fairly humid periods on the territory of the NKAES LPP from 2020 to 2023. Based on the research carried out, the feasibility of using normalized difference water indicators and normalized vegetation indices for further use in forecasting yields in the conditions of the North Kazakhstan region is substantiated. Next, using vegetation indices and additional agrometeorological factors, a linear model for predicting crop yields was developed. The coefficient of determination of the resulting model is 0.90 which indicates that the selected trend line reliably approximates the process under study.