Real Facts Research Articles

Regional differences of beer styles in early modern Europe

There is a general concept of ancient beer styles brewed in the Czech Republic and in German speaking countries. It should be considered that some opinions are based on real facts, while others need to be modified. These views come mainly from romantic and pioneering research articles of the 19th century. Nowadays, old prints, dealing with brewing specialization since the 16th century, can be easily used as the basic research sources. A deeper analysis of this problem can be based on the oldest literature, archival sources and current opinion. Thus, it is possible to correct knowledge about beer styles brewed in particular regions of Central Europe as well as in the surrounding area, and also, to ask questions and look for the origin of current interpretations and opinions.

Analysis of Light‐Enhanced Capacitance Dispersion in Perovskite Solar Cells

AbstractInterface engineering has become one of the most important research strategies to harness the full potential of perovskite solar cells. Photovoltaic community seems to herald the imminent development of 30% efficient perovskite devices with competitive lifetimes, subject, among other aspects, to clarify “what happens under the interfaces.” One of the most powerful techniques to characterize the intermixing ionic‐electronic processes that take place at perovskite interfaces is the Impedance Spectroscopy. It is a real fact that this methodology reveals the characteristic phenomenology attributed to interfacial phenomena, in form of complex spectra that interfere with a proper identification of dominant mechanisms. This article presents approaches to characterizing the non‐ideal electrical properties associated with the appearance of an interfacial capacitance distribution, identifying major sources of intrinsic/extrinsic origin and so, providing further progress in the understanding of phenomenological mechanisms of photovoltaic perovskites. Importantly, the study addresses the evolution of dispersive capacitance's characteristic parameters with light intensity (and bulk thickness), obtaining a useful alternative way of determining the ideality factor and thus, the recombination of charge carriers. The results are discussed in light of critical importance exhibited by the interactions between ionic and electronic species, with the aim of advancing in device efficiency and stability.

Repressive Psychiatry as a Means of Combating Religious Dissidents in the Soviet Union

The article highlights the impossibility of the coexistence of modern civilization in conditions of impunity for crimes against humanity, which have no statute of limitations, but due to the lack of punishment and concealment of information it creates even greater crimes. Many of the unjustly convicted political prisoners have been rehabilitated since the condemnation of Stalin's cult of personality and his crimes in Soviet Ukraine since 1956. As a result of the mass rehabilitation of political prisoners, the regime gained serious opposition, some of whom сonsisted of evangelical Baptist communities who advocated genuine freedom of conscience. The Soviet regime used a whole range of preventive and punitive means to fight the opposition, an important place among which was occupied by repressive psychiatry. Therefore, the theoretical and legal framework was brought under psychiatric repression, which caused significant restrictions for the so-called mentally ill. In the 1970-80s, the punitive and repressive machine of the totalitarian system by the hated KGB developed torture for dissidents. The main role in their subjugation was relied on psychiatrists and their methods, based on the so-called “innovative” teaching of the Moscow School of Psychiatrists A. Snezhnevsky, on “slow schizophrenia.” This diagnosis was recognized only in the USSR and its satellite countries. Anyone who expressed somehow dissatisfaction with the actions of the ruling regime could be diagnosed with “slow schizophrenia.” In the late 1970s, threats by the psychiatric hospital for active believers became systemic. The special services put pressure on the members of the Council of Relatives of Prisoners, who were engaged in printing and publishing the crimes of the totalitarian government against humanity and freedom of conscience and religion. Despite the measures taken by the leadership and intelligence services of the totalitarian regime to debunk the so-called “myths of punitive medicine in the USSR,” believers and the international community gathered many real facts and interviewed people who were subjected to inhumane torture in medical facilities of the communist state.

La norma antiestres en la nueva normalidad

In recent years there has been an exponential growth in cases of stress in the world, and this is largely due, among other factors, to the fast pace of life in cities, the media, true and false news. of social networks, insecurity, the uncertainty that the COVID-19 pandemic has left, constant work pressure and competition among workers, which is why stress has been called the disease of the 21st century. The objective is to disclose the importance of NOM-035 due to its mandatory nature in both public and private entities, but also to expose the benefits for workers, this by virtue of the new normality and the gradual return of work activities, stress work will increase with the tension of a possible contagion of COVID-19 and the transition in some cases from changing work at home to face-to-face work. This is an essay that promotes the discussion of the subject, especially when it is necessary for employers to understand this whole situation by knowing and applying the NOM-035-STPS-2018 Psychosocial Risk Factors at Work, Identification, Analysis and Prevention, better known as the antistress rule. It is a qualitative research that starts from the real fact that is being lived and that important theories and principles are emerging right now, taking the argumentation of the literature that has been produced as a result of this situation and seeking to propose solutions, for which classified in a descriptive documentary research. The issue stands out given that the effects of the Coronavirus are not over yet and it would be risky to say that they will end in a short time.

IMAGE OF THE GYPSY IN UKRAINIAN FOLKLORE: CONSTANTNESS VS PLASTICITY

The proposed article is devoted to the study of the image of a gypsy as one of the foreign ethnic characters in Ukrainian folklore. It is known that the study of the relations between the representatives of ethnic minorities develops in the system of the coordinates "OWN – OTHERS". Necessity to study such relationships is especially intensified in the periods of existential challenges, one of which is the war. The impetus for writing this article was a real fact that happened after russian military aggression against Ukraine in February 2022, when ethnic Roma stole an enemy tank. The author of the article aims to investigate whether the image of the gypsy has been transformed in modern folklore, if compared with classical folklore texts. The study of the image of the gypsy in Ukrainian folklore has been the focus of attention of many scientists for a long time. The collections of the folklorists who recorded the texts in which the gypsy appears, are mentioned. The works, which highlighted the image of the gypsy in folklore, are analyzed. In addition to fairy-tale and non-tale prose, the image of the gypsy is also characteristic of ritual folklore, both calendar and family. The expediency of considering memes and «photo frogs in the coordinate system of folkloristics is substantiated. The features, that are characteristic of memes as the latest folklore creations, are indicated, and their main functions are also mentioned. It is confirmed that constant behavioral markers and character traits inherent to Roma remain basic for the formation of the image of the gypsy: villainy, cunning, tendency, etc. It is shown that the nomadic way of life formed a special attitude of the gypsies to the means of transportation (previously horses, now – "iron horses"), which is reflected in the folklore texts. It is noted that in modern folklore forms a certain transformation in the treatment of nonethnic characters can be traced, which is a consequence of the reinterpretation of axiological guidelines, as well as those real events which take place in the society. So, we can talk about the slow change of the stereotypical ideas that were formed by the mythological tradition.

ФЕНОМЕНЫ ПОГРЕБЕНИЯ, ПОГРАНИЧЬЯ, ПЕРЕХОДА В КОНТЕКСТЕ ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЙ ДРУГИХ В ГРЕЧЕСКОЙ ВАЗОПИСИ

Greek perception of the Others was syncretic: real facts were mixed with fantastic ideas; in their view the Others lived on the outskirts of the oikumene, that is on the border with the other worlds – in the broad sense – real and fantastic, the world of alive and dead – this connected them with the phenomena of borders, transition, burial, etc. Due to this, the Others in Greek art were often represented in mythological subjects and as mythological characters. Also, some subjects where the Others were represented were connected with the phenomena of transition and burial – war, preparations for war, hunt, etc. Also, some details of such images were connected with these phenomena. The semantics of the Greek vase painting was controversial and multilayered therefore interpretation of many of such images is disputable. Besides, the phenomena studied might be examined in a more narrow or more broad sense. Moreover, the connection of many characters represented with the other world, other gods and myths is much more complicated and outgoes far beyond the borders of the thematic connected with the Otherness.

Increasing public trust through technology, eVoting case Albania

Technology has become a mandatory tool for each of us, making everyone dependent on electronic devices and software applications to stay connected and use services. Producers, integrators and public institutions are aiming to introduce technology on a wide scale regarding country population, trying to make most of the populations part of this community. Albania has started the process of shifting form standard workflow of having service at a fix location to online services in both public and private sector. AKSHI with e-Albania platform is promoting online services to most of services offered by government institution. Still there is a gap in the targeted population to use the services due to their capabilities to use information technologies and lack of suitable devices to do so. Albanian Central Election Commission introduced for the first time in elections history countrywide electronic identification using biometric technology and piloting electronic voting. This paper aims to show the result obtained when sensitive services like election are fully supported by technology including everyone that can vote without having a targeted population. The trust of the voters, institutions, organizations and stack holders toward technology in the voting process is analyzed based on real data and facts to support the outcome of this paper.

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The aim of the article was to substantiate the cognitive foundations of critical thinking that provide recognition of manipulative technologies. The substantiation of cognitive foundations of critical thinking, aimed at recognition of manipulative technologies, is carried out on the basis of available scientific achievements in the field of general matters of critical thinking, which are projected on the sphere of manipulative influence. The paper gives the definition of cognitive foundations that include knowledge, skills and abilities and personal attributes required for effective intellectual analysis. The following types of cognitive foundations of critical thinking are modeled and substantiated in the article: 1) knowledge; 2) skills and abilities; 3) personality traits that are actualized in the process of intellectual activity (intellectual traits). The first type of cognitive foundations are both awareness of the social context and awareness of the generally accepted value priorities of civilized society. Cognitive foundations of the second type include 10 skills, namely: finding of logical contradictions and errors; lie recognition; distinguishing between real and fictional facts; distinguishing between correct and erroneous statements; mastery of general scientific methods of analysis; establishment of the source base; argumentation; refutation of misconceptions; recognition of indicators of manipulative influence; modeling of solution options. Cognitive supports of the third type are as follows: observation, ability to perform analytical operations. The article demonstrates how skills and abilities are used in detection of textual and non-textual indicators of manipulation. Textual indicators include those that are contained in the very text of the message (logical contradictions, ambiguity of the statement, violation of the clarity of information and its completeness). Non-textual indicators are those for the recognition of which it is necessary to correlate the narrative with real events, with the logic of the relationship of events and facts as well as with ideological attitudes of the authors of the messages.

«Проклятий антихрист»: стереотипізація єврейської ідентичності в романі «Михайло Чарнышенко, или Малороссия восемьдесят лет назад» П. Куліша

The article aims to study the representation of Jewish stereotypes in P. Kulish’s first novel “Mykhailo Charnyshenko, or Little Russia Eighty Years ago” (written – 1842, printed – 1843) in the characterof the Cossack Colonel Anton Kryzhanovsky. The literary image is considered in a three-dimensional plane: the attitude towards the Jewish converts during the events described by the writer in the 2nd half of the 18th century, as well as information known from historical sources and new facts from modern sources about Colonel A. Kryzhanovsky, and, finally, correspondence of historical truth with modeling of the literary image in the novel “Mykhailo Charnyshenko, or Little Russia Eighty Years ago”. The article traces how the writer used the historical sources known to him and how the widespread ideas about the Jews of that time found a place in his novel. Colonel Anton Kryzhanovsky, who is the only prototype of a real historical person in P.Kulish’s novel, is devastatingly described in the anonymous treatise “History of Ruthenians or Little Russia” and fully corresponds to the literary image in the text of the novel. The article shows how P. Kulish, using the completely false information of the “History of Ruthenians or Little Russia”, repeats the factual errors of the treatise author, since its text combines information about the conversion of Anton Kryzhanovsky’s father with the historical fact of the recruitment of Ukrainian “Holsteinians” by Colonel Anton Kryzhanovsky. However, the same inaccuracy can be traced in the works of Ukrainian scientists of the 19th century, for example, the historian-genealogist O. Lazarevsky and the historian D. Miller. The paradox of Kryzhanovsky’s image in the novel lies in the fact that being a consolidating character for others and an impetus for the unfolding of events, he almost always remains aloof as if deliberately emphasizing his mysteriousness and insidiousness, which are reinforced by a characteristic portrait. P. Kulish ignores the real history of the conversion of Jews in the Cossacks when with a change of religion yesterday’s Jew became a “Cossack’s friend” and had all the prospects for successful integration. In his first novel, P. Kulish produces the mythologeme of a Jewish convert, who selfishly and deliberately integrates into the Ukrainian Cossack community and gradually emancipates himself to the extent that he obtains a high military position thanks to the patronage of the Russian Emperor Peter III and irreparably harms the Cossacks, who are trying to balance thoughts about the glorious past and the present colonial time. However, this author’s position is at odds with real historical facts, including biographical data about Cossack colonel Anton Kryzhanovsky.

Гармонизация учетных подсистем для совершенствования информационного обеспечения управления налоговыми расчетами коммерческой организации

The development of the information society and technologies used by commercial organizations, the increase in the array and speed of the processed information predetermine the choice of the development path for the interaction of accounting subsystems aimed at their integration, and not at autonomy. The study substantiates the necessity of developing an accounting methodology through the harmonization of accounting subsystems, which ensures the unity of the information space and contributes to the improvement of information support for the management of tax calculations of a commercial organization. The author proposes implementing the harmonization of accounting subsystems by reflecting the information about the facts of economic life simultaneously in the subsystems of financial, tax, and management accounting. Moreover, the study identified that both real and conditional facts of the economic life of an economic entity are to be recorded. This approach makes it possible to achieve the completeness of the reflected information, as well as to strengthen the unity of the information space, which is necessary to ensure the value of accounting information for the end user. In the course of the study, the author developed and proposed for use a toolkit for harmonizing the accounting subsystems – a unified chart of accounts that allows recording the facts of economic life using the double entry technique simultaneously in all accounting subsystems. Such an approach helps to optimize the information flows, reduce the discrepancies between the methods of financial and tax accounting, as well as to enhance the completeness and reliability of data reflected in the accounting, which corresponds to the provision of the essential requirement for the accounting information when making high-quality management decisions.

Whom to believe? ‘Alternative’ epistemic authorities as a challenge for democracy

The paper argues that democracy depends on an essential relationship between political authority and epistemic, or as Raz has called it, theoretical authority. The notable loss of trust in established epistemic authorities, such as science and professional journalism, currently observed among sizeable parts of the populations of many democracies, and the loss this implies of a shared understanding of factual realities, deeply affects political authority in a way that challenges the very foundations of democracy.

THЕIMAGE OF A MIGRANT WORKER IN THE NOVEL «ADVENTURESSESON THE GREEN GRASS»BY VIRA NESTERCHUK

he article clarifies the specifics of the artistic representation of the image of a migrant worker in the novel "Adventuresses on the Green Grass" by a modern writer V. Nesterchuk. It is noted that the work is based on real facts of the author's life, herexperience of staying and her feelings in the foreign land, in the Czech Republic, where the main character, Ukrainian Nika, a certified seamstress, has gone to work and hopped to return soon. Narrator contributes a multifaceted presentation of the material, increases the level of confidence in the presented material, and helps to get deeper into the complex world of the character's experiences, explain the logic of her thinking and actions, andunderstand her determination and conviction in borderline situations. Intertextual constructions, irony, humor, clear architectonics of the work, as well as images of her mother, trip down memory lane, confessional components of the novel, etc. these all form a complete and quite diverse image of the main character Nicka. The protagonist Nicka partially received from her mother stoicism, patience, and endurance; such a conclusion we can make from the subtextual platform, which is built around the image of a mother who has been a political prisoner in her youth. In such a way the author not only tells us about the problem of parents and children in the work, but also she decodes the basic manner of the main character. The artistically presented postcolonial context helps us to identify and explain the cause-and-effect constructions, which have been designed for the concept of characters, perception of narrative strategy, and understanding of the thematic and problematic aspect and genre specificity of the novel.

Critical economic and legal analysis of the supernatural and other manifestations of pseudoscience in modern Russia

"Of course, the described situation is the result of a lag in public consciousness, which has not yet absorbed the understanding of the role of science and the scientific and technological revolution in modern life. This cannot continue, it should not, and the mass media should take care of the introduction and promotion of knowledge, and not be led by any charlatans" (Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ginzburg V.L., Izvestia newspaper No. 45 of February 21, 1991)   The quote of Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences V.L. Ginzburg, given above, like no other fully reflects the content of this study. The practice of introducing into the mass consciousness the existence of "supernatural" forces, mysticism, occultism, magic, extrasensory perception, astrology and other manifestations of public delusions and ignorance, as well as individual ideas, more looking like delirium, has reached unprecedented proportions in modern Russia. The market for such services is estimated at billions of dollars (we will show this later in the study). An absolutely uncontrolled shadow area of activity of the so-called "supernatural" contributes to the enrichment of fraudsters, charlatans, subjects who often have obvious mental abnormalities, not only is it not prohibited, but it is not regulated in its economic and legal basis. Most often we can see propaganda and advertising of such activities and services in the mass media. The State Duma of the Russian Federation consistently rejects all draft laws aimed at regulating and controlling this area of human activity, citing the lack of definitions, formulations and grounds (we will present the grounds for this statement later in the study). In this study, the authors will try to close the existing gaps, to give definitions of concepts, to distinguish the categorical-conceptual domain, based on the real facts of reality and generally recognized scientific methods of cognition. The object of the study is the economic and legal space of distorted mass consciousness. The subject of the study is the destructive artistic and creative activity of social groups and individuals. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the role of science and scientific methods of cognition of reality for society and citizens of the country. The objectives of the study in general consist of a reasoned assessment of the destructive consequences for the development of society in the absence of control and regulation of destructive manifestations of social and social existence by the state. The main part of the study consists of several large interconnected sections. The first one examines the world experience of economic and legal regulation and control of the said subject area of research. In the second section of the study, we assess the current state of the issue in Russia, affecting the areas of education and public health. The following section presents the author's definitions and delineations of the categorical and conceptual subject area of research with real reasoned proposals to correct the current situation. The authors of this study do not build a completely individual author's chain of argumentation and evaluation of phenomena. To a greater extent, the arguments and evaluation are based on the results of the remarkable work of Russian scientists, popularizers of science and patriots of their country: Academician V.L. Ginzburg, Academician Y. S. Osipov, Academician E. P. Kruglyakov and other equally worthy representatives of the academic environment and public figures of our country.

The metrics of estimation at text understanding and quality of machine traslation

The of this article is the analysis is the existial estimation of text understanding and machine translation, as the results of computer system for text analysis. Examined the process of the man text understanding. Suggest the text definition as the estimate of probability extraction real facts from text for information problem decision. Analysis of existing metrics executed, practical important estimated. Indicated, that all known methods depend on subjective estimation of expert. Some problems of machine translate quality had discussed. Offered the attraction for construction of metrics for text understanding, based on all known system of lexica-gramma classes. This method is not demand of export. Proposed new method, based for lexical-gramma classes of words, grand vocabulary, text corpus.

Development of Scientific Techniques in Investigation of Criminal Cases in India

Solving crime is a major task to the investigators and it is also considered as a serious business. Successful investigation as well as prosecutions contributes to public safety to a great extent by incapacitating violent criminals. In doing so, people build confidence in our criminal judicial system. Whenever, investigation fails, the offenders remain free and therefore, the public is at risk of harm by the offenders. Similarly if innocent person was arrested and convicted, it will be horrible injustice done to that person which causes reputation of criminal justice system. To solve this problem, it is the forensic science, which plays an important role in criminal investigation of crime cases. The scientific method of investigation helps the courts to reach at logical conclusion of an offence. Tremendous scientific and technological developments have been made in India during the last century and also intensified in the 21st century. The 20th century is often called as the age of science. Many scientific Institutions came into exist in India at the beginning of 20th Century and the flow is continued till now. Various scientific technologies such as fingerprinting, DNA profiling ,Narco-analysis, Polygraph, Brain Mapping, Electronic surveillance, Computer forensics etc. are being used by the investigating officers to bring out the real facts of the case. At present, the Government has created a lot of forensic facilities for the disposal of cases in timely manner through scientific investigation. This paper aims to explore the use of scientific and modern technologies in criminal investigation and how it helps to keep law and order in our society. It also discusses the problems in investigation, contemporary sciences and the essentialities of forensics in India.

EVOLUTION OF ECONOMIC CONCEPTS FROM THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION TO THE DIGITAL REVOLUTION

The relevance of the topic of the research lies in the fact that under the conditions of the development of the Fourth Industrial Revolution profound and systemic changes are taking place, which act as a disruptive force of changes in paradigms (concepts, models, theories), creating new megatrends of digitalized society, contributing to the changes. Only the digital economy can create the conditions for the breakthrough of advanced technologies (nanotechnology, neurotechnology, piece-by-piece intelligence, robotics, implant technologies, development of BIG DATA, Internet solutions, “smart cities”, 3D-trucks and 3D-production, Bitcoin and blockchain, and many others) focused on innovations. The aim of the research is theoretical and practical aspects of the conceptual evolution of the economy from the industrial to digital revolution. The task of the research: 1. Analysis of the first industrial innovations that have influenced the development of civilization. 2. Identification of the essence and recognition of the digital economy concepts. 3. Analysis of the economy of events and transformations concepts as a predictive basis of the digital economy. 4. Identification of the main indicators and directions of concept of sustainable development. The Evolution of the Economy Concepts from the Industrial Revolution to the Digital Revolution. The object of the research is the impact of digital technologies on the evolution of the concepts of economics from the industrial revolution to the digital one. The analysis showed that science uses the previous generation of tools as a basis for the creation of modern ones, which contribute to the emergence of more powerful ones due to the circular cycle of communication, which is constantly increasing. The current struggle for digital transformation is accelerating, because it is about constant adaptation. Research Methodology. The system of methods and principles of scientific research – analysis and synthesis, abstraction, historical and logical – has been used to conceptualize the evolution of economic concepts from the industrial revolution to the digital one, Influence of the latter on the development of technological changes as a set of theoretical understandings, by means of which the science describes real facts, explains and solves economical and social problems in practice. The result of the research. The basis for the evolution of the economics concepts from the industrial revolution to the digital is the progress of technology, which has led to the improvementhe most important innovations have been created, which demonstrate the power of the new mentality. The main objective is to formulate a model for the interative development of new business trends and the digitalization of existing trends and technologies, for which it was determined how to compete with existing businesses through the use of digital technologies. The digital innovation economy demonstrates the importance of information technology in the economy, the increasing trends of computerization and the possibilities offered by this technology, where consumers have quick and easy access to the global market and to the information about products and services. Under the conditions of digital innovation economy, the use of information technology gives businessmen new opportunities to access global innovation markets, business development online. The full realization of these potentials is important for new enterprises and companies, which can compete and create competitive advantages in the world, forming a new culture of innovation thinking.

Image-Correction

The article attempts to identify a new type of attitude to time, which appears in the cinema of recent decades and is connected to the presentation of the process of changing the past and moving the hero into an alternative temporal series, with the past with its events being subjected to an optimizing correction. The films of Christ- offer Boe and Hong Sang-soo are the central object of the analysis, but the new modus operandi of the relation to the past revealed here can also be traced in popu- lar cinema. Particular attention is paid to the changing representation of the manip- ulation of the past in science fiction cinema. Examining the “strange” films of recent decades in a broader historical context and comparing them to previous attempts to represent alternative versions of real- ity (for example, the films of Akira Kurosawa and Alain Resnais), allows us to iden- tify “unplacedness” as the main characteristic of the new kind of cinema, when the change of past is not placed in the minds of characters, is not presented as a sub- jective interpretation of reality and is not relegated to the field of the fantastic and the fictional. It is presented as an ontologically real fact, dealing with everyday real- ity. The typology of the image developed by Gilles Deleuze in his book on cinema and the question he posed about the third type of the image make it possible to cre- ate the concept of the ”image-correction” uniting the phenomena in question. As an alternative to both “image-movement” and “image-time”, “image-correction” charac- terizes a new epoch in the history of cinema and creates conditions for its retroactive revision as a history of “corrective manipulation of time.”

THE HUNGARIAN REVOLUTION OF 1956 IN THE KGB DOCUMENTS: THE CASE OF TWO ARCHIVES

The article deals with the general analysis of documents on the history of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, which are in the Sectoral State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine and the State Archive of Transcarpathian Oblast. It is the first attempt to show the documents about the deportation of Hungarian citizens to the Soviet Union and to present the reactions of the local Transcarpathian Hungarian nation to the events of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, and it also highlights the actions of the authorities that were aimed at the purposeful total ideological control and thus influenced the formation of the general public’s opinion about the surrounding events. The main aim of the study is to show the deportations of the Hungarian revolutionists to the Soviet Union in 1956 through archival documents and to introduce the political leaflet distributor groups in Transcarpathia, which were formed during the Hungarian war of independence in 1956. There are archival documents containing different data about the behavior of the Hungarian population in Transcarpathia related to the Hungarian events. The documents also provide information about the punishments that concerned the Hungarian groups engaged in politics. These documents reveal that the political general headquarters in Uzhhorod had been operating for a long time after Hungary was invaded by the command of Moscow. It is possible to argue that the process of exploring the sources relating to the retaliation after the revolution of 1956 has not been finished yet, there are still hundreds of archival documents, mainly in Ukraine and in the former Soviet Union Archives, which still need to be explored. However, besides getting to know the real facts of the history of the Revolution in 1956, it is important to perceive that, despite the oppression, there were people in Transcarpathia too, who dared to be brave, to believe, and protest. And there were ones who paid with their lives for justice. Because of participating in the revolution, many people were arrested, sentenced, imprisoned, deported, and executed. Their truth and role should be clarified.

Impact of COVID-19 on the economic-financial health of the company REIPROACERO S. A., during the periods 2019-2020

This research article focused on evaluating the economic-financial situation of the company REIPROACERO SA, through the application of financial analysis methods and financial ratios, in order to determine the impact caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, within the investigative process the scientific method is applied, since it allowed to have an approach to the fact of interest, having contact with the data and information and real facts, which provided clues for the formulation of hypotheses and antecedents, building knowledge and leading to the verification of the same. Likewise, the qualitative descriptive approach was used, since the Financial Statements of the company, obtained from the Superintendencia de Compañias, Valores y Seguros, were analyzed; with a documentary design because information was obtained from scientifically recognized sources such as journals, articles in order to scientifically strengthen research. Where the results obtained showed excessive liquidity, low profitability and poor portfolio rotation.

The importance of separating the author from the narrative in modern and classical literature

The purpose of the study is to analyse the autobiographical works by contemporary Kazakh, Russian and American writers of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries belonging to the post-colonial and post-totalitarian discourses in terms of the specificity of the author’s representation. Based on a literature analysis, it has been concluded that the development of post-colonial and post-totalitarian discourse is reflected in updating the genre of an autobiographical novel that gives the author some freedom to choose factual material and fictional elements as part of the artistic embodiment of the author’s vision of the world. The main ideas of such works are maintaining national/racial and cultural identity and preserving historical and cultural continuity within the framework of the national image of the world. An autobiographical novel is characterized, on the one hand, by relying on the real facts of the author’s biography, and on the other, by mythologization and idealization of the past, and a focus on fiction. This key feature of an autobiographical novel prevents possible distortions in the reception and interpretation of such works, mixing the author’s image of the world and a specific historical and cultural situation, which is expressed by the autobiographical novel.