Development of Scientific Techniques in Investigation of Criminal Cases in India

Abstract

Solving crime is a major task to the investigators and it is also considered as a serious business. Successful investigation as well as prosecutions contributes to public safety to a great extent by incapacitating violent criminals. In doing so, people build confidence in our criminal judicial system. Whenever, investigation fails, the offenders remain free and therefore, the public is at risk of harm by the offenders. Similarly if innocent person was arrested and convicted, it will be horrible injustice done to that person which causes reputation of criminal justice system. To solve this problem, it is the forensic science, which plays an important role in criminal investigation of crime cases. The scientific method of investigation helps the courts to reach at logical conclusion of an offence. Tremendous scientific and technological developments have been made in India during the last century and also intensified in the 21st century. The 20th century is often called as the age of science. Many scientific Institutions came into exist in India at the beginning of 20th Century and the flow is continued till now. Various scientific technologies such as fingerprinting, DNA profiling ,Narco-analysis, Polygraph, Brain Mapping, Electronic surveillance, Computer forensics etc. are being used by the investigating officers to bring out the real facts of the case. At present, the Government has created a lot of forensic facilities for the disposal of cases in timely manner through scientific investigation. This paper aims to explore the use of scientific and modern technologies in criminal investigation and how it helps to keep law and order in our society. It also discusses the problems in investigation, contemporary sciences and the essentialities of forensics in India.