Rational Motives Research Articles

Respiratory organ metastatic tumor detection utilisation individual basic psychological feature

The letter-perfect use of cultivation automaton is indispensable, because the important rational motive is that the want of rainwater body leads to depleted real property correctitude body of water, and the astronomic amount of money of water system use leads to a hatful of water system decrease. India is a natural philosophy agrarian territorial concept. In the departed, the Asian country grouping swear totally on agrarian. Commercial enterprise is a mainstay of work of Indians and has vast striking on the scheme of the administrative district. Lachrymation building complex in dry sphere change state ambitious, so semiautomatic lachrymation of building complex is requisite and outside physical process by collect is needful. The design of the enforcement of this is to trim back water system custom and machine-driven tearing to industrial plant can be utilized to salvage instance of do work The metastatic tumor catching is doing with the assistance of the accomplished practiced physician and earliest affiliation it Gregorian calendar month be assistive. The chance of quality non achievement requirement be at that place. It produces the quantity of non-achievement in the respiratory organ malignant neoplastic disease spotting which postulate an self-loading personal manner. Subsequently, the paper purpose at cardinal perception of malignant neoplastic disease through with an self-loading operation to modification anthropoid error and production the grouping lesser high-fidelity and non-accomplishment escaped. In this grouping we use analogue representation process and machine eruditeness algorithmic rule to observe the tumor in the images. Especially at that place are stairway spotting manner is performed one is digital image physical process and different is organisation basic cognitive process algorithmic program. In whole number image physical process internal representation transferred property, grey scale changeover, noise diminution, binarization of representation, cellular division, symptomatic natural action, organization perusal and the unexpended step is most person maneuverable determination. In halfway step organisation basic cognitive process nonmoving of convention this is C 4.5 is made.

О гносеологических основаниях войны как социального явления

The article analyzes the epistemological foundations of the war. According to the authors, the idea of war is the result of previous cognitive and mental activity of a person. War as a form of struggle involves the use of special knowledge and thinking abilities. A field of specialized knowledge appeared, called the art of war, and then military science. War turned out to be one of the most important spheres of human activity, requiring high achievements in the field of science. Abstract thinking made it possible, by introducing generalized concepts and images ("enemy", "homeland", "good", "evil", "bravery", etc.), to create a categorical field that allows waging a war for certain generalized interests that differ from the private ones. War has a rational motive, goal, methods and means, process, result, and implies a reflexive understanding of the warfare results. Planning and waging war requires a person to search for logical connections, identify patterns and cause-and-effect relationships when solving complex creative tasks and organizing activities in a changing environment. The belligerents strive for the efficient use of funds and the conclusion of peace on reasonable terms. In this sense, war can be seen as a form of a rational solution to social problems.

Game Meat Consumption-Conscious Choice or Just a Game?

Game meat is constantly present on the European meat market, but a limited number of consumers are interested in its consumption. Considering the unique features of wild animal meat, we should explore what pushes consumers to include it in their diet. To identify the motives determining the choice of game meat, a quantitative survey based on the computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) method was conducted among 450 participants. The statistical analysis based on the logistic regression model allowed us to assess the significance of emotional motives leading to game eating and to investigate the importance of the rational motives related to the quality attributes of game for consumers. It was shown that rational motives influence the consumers’ choice more than emotional factors, while the most important motives are connected with healthcare issues. Consumers, for whom the crucial attributes of quality are taste, nutritional value, and low fat content, constitute a group that might more often include game in their diet in the future. Among the emotional motives, the familiarity, described as a feeling of knowing the product, also has a statistically significant impact on the consumers’ choice. The results obtained may be useful for academic theoreticians and market experts as well.

A Stakeholder Perspective on Effectuation Processes

In this paper we seek to contribute to theorising on the process of new venture or new market creation through effectuation processes by conceptualising a stakeholder perspective on commitments to effectual processes and the rationales that underlie them. We argue that while effectual and causal logics sufficiently represent decision-making under instrumental rationality, there is currently a lack of discussion on the subjectively rational motivations that may influence stakeholder decision-making towards entrepreneurial effectual processes under varying levels of uncertainty. While the extant literature suggests that the logic underlying stakeholder commitments to effectual networks and processes will be follow a similar means-oriented rationale to effectual entrepreneur, we suggest different commitments will follow different rationales ranging from instrumentally rationale effectual and causal logics, to subjective logics based upon ‘self-belief’ and ‘faith-reasoning’. Explicating these four ideal types of commitment rationale in a typology in relation to motivation and perceptions of uncertainty, we go on to theorise on how stakeholders employing these different rationales may behave pre- and post-commitment, and the implications these pose for how effectual processes unfold.

Buying an electric car: A rational choice or a norm-directed behavior?

The diffusion of electric cars can contribute to more sustainability in the transport sector, but diffusion rates in most countries are still low. We investigated motives for electric car adoption in German households from an environmental psychology perspective. The public debate focuses on rational aspects such as the purchase price or new technological demands (e.g., limited range and a new charging system). Psychological research on energy-related investment decisions in households confirms the relevance of rational motives, but additionally points to the importance of norm-directed motives (moral and social norms). We investigated the relevance of different motives in an online questionnaire with n = 220 members of German households interested in buying a new car. The questionnaire included possible rational and norm-related predictors of electric car adoption. We tested three action models to explain adoption intention: An adjusted technology acceptance model (TAM), an adjusted norm activation model (NAM), and an integrative model with predictors from both models. We analyzed the hypothesized models with path analyses. All models explained a substantial share of variance in adoption intention. The explained share of variance in the NAM was higher than in the TAM and comparably high to the integrative model. The results demonstrate the important role of moral and social motives for households’ investment decisions. Additionally, the technology’s perceived usefulness was an important rational motive. We discuss the context dependency of the results, as household members might have little knowledge about the new technology during the early stages of a technology’s diffusion process. The results strongly suggest broadening political support schemes, such as informational and image campaigns, as a way to more effectively foster electric car diffusion. More comprehensive assessments appear to be necessary in future analyses of electric car adoption as well as energy-related investment decisions.

Sustainability reporting after the Costa Concordia disaster: a multi-theory study on legitimacy, impression management and image restoration

PurposeCan sustainability disclosures be a tool for executing image restoration strategies after corporate manslaughter? This is the question explored in this study of Costa Crociere's sustainability reports after the Concordia disaster.Design/methodology/approachMerging traditional textual content analysis with visual analysis and supported by machine learning tools, this is a predominantly qualitative study framed by legitimacy theory, image restoration theory and impression management.FindingsCosta Crociere's voluntary sustainability reporting is strongly influenced by a mix of text and visual signals that distract readers' attention from the disaster. A “nothing really happened” communication strategy pervades the disclosures, with the only rational motivation being to change perceptions and erase memories of this tragic and avoidable event.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the analysis covered multiple sources of corporate information, media coverage was not one of them. A more in-depth exploration of sustainability reporting in the cruise industry, including evidence of similar cases, to test impression management theory would be a worthwhile avenue for future research.Social implicationsWhile Costa Crociere technically followed the customary guidelines of disclosing human resource impacts, there was almost no acknowledgement of the people involved in the accident. Costa Concierevastly understated their responsibility for the accident, did not apologize, and conveyed very little remorse. The majority of disclosures centred on disaster recovery management.Originality/valueThe authors discuss why and how a company can overcome a legitimacy threat by completely freezing its voluntary sustainability reporting, and the authors show how a company can restore its image by minimizing specific aspects of an accident and shifting attention from the human victims to corporate operations. Incorporating image recognition driven by AI models and combining the results with narrative disclosures contributes an innovative and original analysis technique to the field of impression management. In addition, this research also contributes to our knowledge on the cruise industry – a sector currently under scrutiny for its ethical, social and environmental practices.

MOTIVASI MASYARAKAT KOTA MAKASSAR MELAKUKAN TRANSAKSI MELALUI E-COMMERCE

This study aims to see the motivation of the Makassar people to transact through e-commerce. The transaction model is relatively new in society, but has become a trend of its own and is so desirable in almost every circle of society. This research is a descriptive qualitative field research conducted in Makassar using a normative theological, phenomenological and Islamic economic approach. The results of this study indicate that transaction motivation through E-commerce consists of rational motivation, that is motivation that occurs due to careful consideration of consumers before deciding to transact and emotional motivation, namely the spontaneous motivation to emerge when seeing unique or interesting items, as well as in conventional transactions. The difference is that in an e-commerce transaction, the community will get value added or added value in the form of or excellent services because of the various facilities available in e-commerce so that the community will feel pampered in the transaction.

Direitos Humanos e democracia econômica: a essência da economia solidária

Escrevemos aqui sobre um espaço especial que está gerando motivações racionais aos intelectuais nestes tempos de crise da política e das utopias partidárias: a economia solidária. Ali percebemos embriões de concretização dos direitos humanos e de democracia efetiva assentada na materialidade das vivências e convivências. Ou seja, se os intelectuais não vivem sem utopias, a economia solidária é um chão firme para suas reflexões e ações práticas. Direitos Humanos e Democracia são as utopias mais referenciadas que se tem. Defendo aqui a economia solidária como nosso viés para canalizar nossas energias reflexivas construídas naqueles sonhos, pois ali estão pessoas em luta por sobrevivência, pessoas que fizeram opções de vida e trabalho, coletivos em luta e sujeitos com esperança em ação.

Methodical Approach to Identifying Buying Motives within Various Sales Channels Based on Behavioral Segmentation

The methods for identifying differences in the buying motives in online and offline trade are developed based on a theoretical analysis of approaches to the customer segmentation and their dependence on its purpose. The purpose of the study is to identify differences in the buying motives in online and offline trade and to substantiate the feasibility of conducting behavioral segmentation in order to identify such differences.
 The empirical research results are based on the quantitative marketing research (polls). The buying motives in offline and online sales channels were studied in several stages. The key advantages of offline and online sales channels were identified in terms of customer perception at the first stage. The following advantages were identified in offline and online trade: high quality guaranteed by the seller for buyers with high incomes; accessibility as the speed and convenience of access, price acceptability for buyers with average and below average incomes; and the breadth, depth, and updateability of the product range for all groups. The buying motives in offline and online trade were identified as factors that encouraged buying at the second stage. The polls have shown that key motives for customers to opt for offline sales channels are related to the perception of the aggregate properties of products that exceed the properties of similar products in online sales channels. The main reasons for buying through online sales channels are the following key indicators that determine the quality of the buying service: convenience and speed of purchasing, speed of delivery, and convenient time to receive an order. This study allowed to develop a model for studying the consumer behavior in order to identify the key rational and emotional motives of buying through online and offline sales channels. The information component of this model was based on the marketing research involving the sequential implementation of the following stages: studying the market trends in order to identify changes in the motives of consumer behavior; selecting segmentation criteria and carrying out marketing research; identifying the key benefits of offline and online sales channels in terms of customer perception; identifying and grouping the key motives that guided customers when choosing a channel for buying; identifying the causes of changes in the rational and emotional motives of consumer behavior; and developing and implementing the marketing communications programs that implied an impact on the emotional and rational motives.

The Role of Cultural Social Factor in Decision Making of Choosing Female Family Planning Contraception

The purpose of this research is to determine the factors that influence the decision to choose the female family planning contraception. This type of research is qualitative research by obtaining key informants (family acceptors), supporting informants (husbands) with in-depth interview method. Data analysis is carried out by the method of focused group discussion. The results used are rational motives with only one social variable, namely ‘husbands’ supports, the informants agree that these social variables do have a strong influence on the contraception selection of the female family planning acceptors.

Analysis of Mergers and Acquisitions in Gulf Cooperation Council Countriessince Year 2000 Impact and Imperatives

Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) are universally accepted tool for growth and development for companies all around the world. The rational motives behind M&A are advantages in terms of economies of scale, economies of scope, synergies, accomplishing rapid growth, improved market position and allied tax benefits. Firms engaging in M&A activities can expect to improve their performance in terms of overall economic, financial and operating performance to be better off after the merger. Such expectations are based on the fundamental theory of M&A which claims that there is a positive gain to both acquirer and target. Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, too, have been in thick of M&A activities since last three decades and it has transformed their economy, from oil and gas producing nation to modern technology driven economy in different sectors, more so in Telecommunications, Financial Services, Real Estate, Food and Beverages, Engineering, Infrastructure, Education and ICT. The very formation of GCC in 1981 was a step towards harnessing the synergy of the participating six nations, viz UAE, KSA, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait and Oman. Another key factor causing growing M&A is the increased globalization of investment seeking higher rates of return and the opportunity to diversify risk, and many businesses recognize the uncompromising demand to venture overseas, or within their region. This paper has tried to cover the entire gamut of M&A activity in GCC countries from 2000 onwards. The reason for choosing this as starting year is the availability of authentic data for this purpose. Data has been churned to do M&A analysis from four distinct angles to find its impact and imperatives on the economy of GCC countries. The cross-border M&A investment database used for this paper was compiled from a variety of sources. The primary data for M&A deals were drawn from a larger dataset compiled by Thomson-Reuters SDC Platinum.

Aristotle on Enkratic Ignorance

A question widely discussed in the scholarship is why Aristotle thinks that a lack of character-virtue entails the absence of practical wisdom. I argue that attempts thus far to answer this question have been unsuccessful, and offer a new suggestion: falling short in character virtue entails an insufficient grasp of the "starting-points" (ἀρχαί) of practical reasoning, which is a distinctly rational failing that necessarily deprives one of practical wisdom. This insufficiency constitutes a flaw in knowledge and rational motivation, and can be attributed not only to vicious and un-self-controlled persons, but also to those who possess self-control.

Gender differences in financial behavior of population

The article analyzes various studies in the field of population behavior in the financial market. Since psychological factors related to mentality, temperament, and risk-taking play an important role in implementing financial strategies, along with rational motives, women and men may behave differently. An attempt is made to answer the question: whether there are significant gender differences in financial behavior models, and whether this aspect requires a close attention of scientists who study trends and features of forming strategies of Russians when making economic decisions. A review of Russian and foreign studies aimed at investigation of gender characteristics of investment behavior and financial literacy is performed. Traditionally, in most families, men are responsible for the financial situation, they are more concerned with providing for their family, earning and multiplying money. Women, as a rule, are more concerned with the «inner» side of family life — so that everyone is fed, dressed, shod, and provided with everything necessary. Therefore, if both of them have decided to invest, the emphasis in the well-known formula «save and multiply» is made by men on the second word, and by women — on the first. As a result, women are significantly less likely to take risks and more likely to make profitable transactions. Men are more prone to take risks, for them it is not so much the result of investment that is important, as the excitement, and work in the financial markets is somewhat akin to hunting. Probably there are some primitive triggers at the level of the subconscious that are blocked by the norms of morality and etiquette in society. For women, stability is much more important, and the desire to maintain a sense of security prevails rather than a thirst for risk. The study revealed poor elaboration of this topic, lack of Russian research on gender-specific financial behavior due to the underdevelopment of the Russian financial market, as well as the lack of sufficient supply of financial instruments for further accumulation of experience in implementing their strategies by representatives of both genders.

Pleading Guilty: A Voluntary or Coerced Decision?

AbstractThe empirical literature on plea decisions shows that rational motives and coercion may coexist, but there is uncertainty with regard to whether accused feel that their decision is voluntary or made under considerable pressure. However, in most jurisdictions, the legitimacy of the plea bargaining process rests on the Court’s obligation to ensure that the guilty plea is entered voluntarily and knowingly. This study proposes to understand how the accused interpret the rational or coercive elements of their decision-making process and the extent to which their decision to plead guilty is voluntary. Based on semi-structured interviews with twenty convicted individuals, we describe the different decision-making processes, from free and informed decisions to forced decisions to plead guilty while innocent.

The Importance of Governments’ Response to Natural Disasters to Reduce Terrorist Risk

The increased incidence of natural disasters may be among the major forces driving crime over the coming century. Indeed, previous research suggests that natural disasters provide the catalyst for acts of terrorism. However, because governments can choose how they respond to natural disasters, they might be able to select actions that would mitigate hostile reactions. In this article, we argue that government responses’ natural disasters could alter the rational motivations for terrorism. If true, then by responding adequately to a disaster, a government can also reduce both political violence risks and public health harms. This study argues that it is the portrayal of government responses to a natural disaster that impacts subsequent terrorism rather than the natural disaster itself. Using data from the Philippines, Turkey, and the United Kingdom between 1987 and 2013, findings suggest that when disasters occur, governments have a unique opportunity to diminish the incentives for terrorism.

Chemometric Strategies for Sensitive Annotation and Validation of Anatomical Regions of Interest in Complex Imaging Mass Spectrometry Data

Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is a promising new chemical imaging modality that generates a large body of complex imaging data, which in turn can be approached using multivariate analysis approaches for image analysis and segmentation. Processing IMS raw data is critically important for proper data interpretation and has significant effects on the outcome of data analysis, in particular statistical modeling. Commonly, data processing methods are chosen based on rational motivations rather than comparative metrics, though no quantitative measures to assess and compare processing options have been suggested. We here present a data processing and analysis pipeline for IMS data interrogation, processing and ROI annotation, segmentation, and validation. This workflow includes (1) objective evaluation of processing methods for IMS datasets based on multivariate analysis using PCA. This was then followed by (2) ROI annotation and classification through region-based active contours (AC) segmentation based on the PCA component scores matrix. This provided class information for subsequent (3) OPLS-DA modeling to evaluate IMS data processing based on the quality metrics of their respective multivariate models and for robust quantification of ROI-specific signal localization. This workflow provides an unbiased strategy for sensitive annotation of anatomical regions of interest combined with quantitative comparison of processing procedures for multivariate analysis allowing robust ROI annotation and quantification of the associated molecular histology.

ДИСЦИПЛІНА “ОСНОВИ ФАХОВОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ” У ПРОФЕСІЙНОМУ СТАНОВЛЕННІ ФАХІВЦІВ САДОВО-ПАРКОВОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА ХОРТИЦЬКОЇ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ АКАДЕМІЇ

The article analyzes the course “Basics of professional training” in preparing the specialists of garden and park design at the Khortytsya National Academy (KNA). The article describes a thematic plan of the course, including a goal and tasks, justifies their logical structure and effectiveness as an efficient way, which develops a positive attitude towards a selected profession and assists in a harmonious integration into an educational process (social adaptation of the first-year students). The article emphasizes that the course is the basis in preparing the garden and park design specialists and forming their professional competence. The author indicates that taking the course forms the understanding of the rights and obligations of the students in the educational process of the KNA, teaching students to manage their time effectively, makes the students familiar with the specific nature of work of the KNA, forms of training activity, main documents, which regulate the studying at the academy; introduces the history of the KNA and the faculty, the history of the department of garden and park design, introduces the research papers of the scientists, who have developed this field; introduces the knowledge from the history and development of garden and park design of Ukraine, prospects for its development in the modern context; forms the motivation to study and master the selected profession; teaches the students to determine goals and tasks; gives basic knowledge of fundamental sciences of landscaping. It is indicated in the article that the course “Basics of professional training” is based on general didactic principles: humanization, scientific character of the content of teaching and teaching methods, practical orientation of education, demonstrativeness, individualization, added with the principles of a positive emotional charging of the educational process, motivation towards a creative uniqueness, a creative combination in accordance with the specific character of training the specialists of garden and park design. The author theoretically justifies that the course “Basics of professional training” is one of important ways of training the specialists of garden and park design and enables a harmonious introduction of students to the selected specialty (a specialist of garden and park design), creates conditions for a rational motivation of a personality towards studying.

Конвертаційні стратегії влади та політичної опозиції в Угорщині в 1990-их рр.

The paper clarifies the specificity of the interrelationship between the power and the political opposition in Hungary in the context of the theory of conversion of public capital. Particular attention has been paid to the power reloading stage, which logically should have led to systemic changes and deepening of modernization processes. The qualitative features, rates, and results of the modernization of Hungarian political system were mainly determined by how effectively political parties used the competitive conditions in order to accumulate and convert various forms of capital at the beginning of the transformation period. Even at the stage of the first democratic elections, they were able to quickly fill up the vacuum existing in the political field, and the chosen strategies were successful both for them and for the democratization of the political regime. Rational motives, based on access to power resources, are at the heart of the interaction between government and political opposition in Hungary. The choice of either a confrontational or cooperative engagement strategy depended on the parties’ estimated transaction costs. Limitation of democratic rights and freedoms as a result of the political activity of the pro-government parties became a barrier to healthy competition in which the opposition was primarily interested. The example of Hungary demonstrates that simulation modernization, democratization, and accelerated Europeanization trigger the political significance of the «gap» as a resource for the accumulation of political capital by pro-government parties and the creation of their own network of clientelist relations. Consequently, the country falls into an institutional trap which results in the crisis of democracy. The combination of parliamentary and non-parliamentary opposition gives us a possibility to conceptualize the «deficit of democracy» in election programs, and to «correct» the mistakes of the previous government after coming to power. That is why the alternation of parties in power ultimately leads to the consolidation of democracy.

Rational actors? Hippias and Aristogeiton

This paper seeks to address the extent to which ancient historical actors might be seen to have exhibited what might be described as rational motives. In particular, it examines a number of strategic interactions employed by the Athenian tyrant Hippias in his interactions of Aristogeiton, the protagonist of an unsuccessful coup d’etat. A secondary objective of this paper is to explore Hippias’ reactionary policies following his brother’s assassination, namely, whether Hippias’ choice of external allies, in the face of possible exile, were irrational as suggested by some ancient authors.

Social devaluation of African Americans and race‐related conspiracy theories

AbstractAfrican Americans in the United States endorse conspiracy theories at greater rates than Whites. The extant literature explains this pattern in terms of a rational motivation to blame the social system for prejudice and discrimination. However, little research distinguishes between race‐relevant conspiracy theories against African Americans and general conspiracy theories. We propose that African Americans may seek out race‐relevant conspiracy theories in particular because they satisfy a search for meaning that is brought about by chronic social devaluation. We present two studies that examine this social devaluation hypothesis. In Study 1 African Americans endorsed race‐relevant conspiracy theories, even when controlling for perceptions of discrimination, an aspect of system blame. Study 2 employed an experimental affirmation of social value that significantly reduced African Americans' endorsement of race‐relevant conspiracy theories consistent with the social devaluation hypothesis. These data indicate that there may be psychologically adaptive features of race‐relevant conspiracy theory endorsement.