Pure Borrowing Research Articles

TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES OF RACIAL SLURS IN THE MOVIE '42' SUBTITLES

This research aimed to classify racism slurs translation techniques in the subtitles of the movie entitled 42 made by professional (Netflix) and fan subtitlers (Movieku). It applied a qualitative approach with a case study design. For analyzing the data, it used document analysis with the objects the movie transcripts and subtitles. The data were analyzed by using the theory of translation technique from Molina and Albir (2002). From the total 192 data (96 for each category) there were found 11 types of translation techniques applied, i.e.: amplification, compensation, description, established equivalent, literal translation, linguistic compression, modulation, naturalization borrowing, particularization, pure borrowing, and reduction. The data show that both professional and fansub use more than one type of translation techniques that can be grouped into single (22.4%), duplet (58.8%), triplet (18.2%), and quartet group (0.5%). The frequency of occurrences of each group of the translation techniques in the professional subtitles are 20 times or 20.83% for single, 50 (52.08%) for duplet, 25 (26.04%) for triplet, and only 1 (1.04%) for quartet. In fansubs, there are 23 occurrences or 23.96% for single, 63 (65.62%) for duplet, 10 (10.41%) for triplet, and none for quartet. The result of this research is expected to be a reference for the other research with the same topic.

Translation and Semantic Shift of Islamic Vocabulary in English Abstracts: A Corpus-Based Study at an Indonesian Islamic University

Incorporating Nation’s vocabulary classification, this study investigates the translation and semantic shifts of Islam-related vocabulary in the abstracts of undergraduate and postgraduate theses. A corpus of 810 English and Bahasa Indonesia abstracts, sampled from a total of 1,928, was analyzed using Antwordprofiler and Antconc software. Findings indicate that translation strategies employed include phonetic alteration, pure borrowing, and one-to-one translation. Specifically, loanwords of Arabic origin were predominantly translated using pure borrowing, with some phonetic and/or orthographic modification in both Bahasa Indonesia and English. The translated vocabulary primarily consisted of Arabic-origin words with Bahasa Indonesia orthographic adaptations rather than their original Arabic forms. Additionally, semantic shifts were observed in the adoption of Islam-related Arabic vocabulary into Bahasa Indonesia. This is attributed to 1) the introduction of Quranic meanings, often differing from the common understanding of Arabic words at the time of the Quran’s revelation, and 2) modifications to accommodate the traditions of Indonesian local Muslim communities. The implications of this study highlight the need for translators to be aware of the cultural and religious contexts that influence semantic shifts. Moreover, this research underscores the importance of understanding the dynamic nature of language in the context of religious texts, which can lead to more accurate and culturally sensitive translations.

Translation Techniques Used in Biological Terms in Bilingual Biology 1 Textbook for Senior High School Class X

This article investigates the translation of English biological terms into Indonesian in a high school textbook. Using a descriptive-qualitative approach, it examines translation techniques, drawing on Molina and Albir's framework. Data collection methods include content analysis. The study identifies four translation techniques: pure borrowing, literal, borrowing, and amplification. Pure borrowing is the most common technique used. The discussion emphasizes the importance of balancing linguistic accuracy and cultural relevance. The research contributes to understanding translation strategies in cross-cultural communication, aligning with Molina and Albir's framework. Overall, it sheds light on translators' choices in conveying biological concepts in bilingual education.

Translation Analysis of Interrogative Sentences in “The Terminal” Movie Subtitle

This study is qualitative descriptive research. The purpose of this research is to know kind of interrogative sentences and translation techniques impact to the translation quality in The Terminal movie subtitle. The source of data is the film transcript of The Terminal movie and its subtitle in Indonesian, and the information collected from rater. The technique of data collection was watching the movie, reading the script, and marking the interrogative sentences. In analyzing data, the researcher used the qualitative data analysis which covers domain analysis, taxonomic analysis, and componential analysis. Had been found 114 data, yes-no question (57,97%), wh-question (41,19%), and alternative question (0,87%), 2) the translation technique could be found in The Terminal movie, such as established equivalent (72,08%), variation (15,83%), pure borrowing (3,12%), modulation (2,91%), implicit (1,87%), paraphrase (1,25%), explicit (1,04%), reduction (0,83%), transposition (0,62%), generalization (0,20%), and substitution (0,20%). The impact of the application of those translation techniques, toward the translation quality is the overall quality score 2,98 with the average score of accuracy 2,97, acceptability 2,99, and readability 2,99. Keywords: Translation, Interrogative Sentences, Qualitative Descriptive, The Terminal

The Translation Procedure of Pyschological Terms in the Interpretation of Dream into Indonesian in Tafsir Mimpi

Translation is a process of transfering meaning from source language to target language. As every language in this world are different, translation hold a very important role for universe. There are number of fields which are related to the translation works such as economic text, law text, religion text and also psychology text. Psychology is really necessary for mankind as it is connected to the human‟s behavior. The focus of the study is the psychological terms which is gotten from the book entitled The Interpretation Of Dreams and it‟s translation on the book entitled Tafsir Mimpi. The original book The Interpretation Of Dreams is writen by Sigmund Freud in 1900 and the translation book is translated by H. Supriyanto Abdullah (2015). In conducting this research, there are few theories will be applied such as translation procedures which is purposed by Vinay and Darbelnet (1959) and also Hatim and Munday (2004) which is about the ideology of translation. This study is qualitative research which will be supported by quantitave research when determine the ideology of translation. Product of the translation is the main focus of this research. Vinay and Darbelnet (1959) stated that there are seven procedures of translation. They are calque, literal, borrowing, transposition, modulation, equivalence and adaptation. Borrowing is divided into three kinds; pure borrowing, naturalization borrowing, and cultural borrowing. Apart from the procedures of translation, the ideology will also be analyzed. According to Hatim and Munday (2004), there are two types of translation ideology. They are domestication which is oriented to the target language text and another one is foreignization which is oriented to the souce language text.

Analysis of Translation Techniques on ENFI's (恩菲) Organizational Structure Based on Job Training

This research discusses translation techniques in the ENFI’s (恩菲) organizational structure. This research aims to describe the types of translation techniques used in the translation results of ENFI’s (恩菲) organizational structure by Mr. Zhang. In this study the theory used is the theory of translation techniques by Molina & Albir (2002). The research method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method. The data source in this study is the ENFI’s（恩菲) organizational structure document and its translation. The results showed that the types of translation techniques applied by Mr. Zhang to the ENFI’s（恩菲) organizational structure were modulation, amplification, common equivalents, pure borrowing, reduction, generalization, literal, linguistic compression and discursive creation.

TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF RESTAURANT MENUS

This qualitative and descriptive research investigates the translation techniques utilized for restaurant food menus into English and the subsequent impact on translation quality, including accuracy, acceptability, and readability. This qualitative and descriptive research investigates the translation techniques utilized for restaurant food menus into English and the subsequent impact on translation quality, including accuracy, acceptability, and readability. The research data comprises the menu item names and their corresponding English translations, gathered from documents. Precisely explaining technical term abbreviations has been prioritized in the research. The data collection technique involves document analysis. It was discovered through this analysis that the description technique constitutes 66% of the total techniques used, with common equivalence at 23% and pure borrowing + common equivalence at 4.8%. The least frequent techniques were pure borrowing, variation borrowing, and explicitness + conventional equivalence, all at 0.9%. In general, the quality of translation for the restaurant's food menu is very good, with an average rating of 2.93, which is above the average for translation quality. Keywords: food menu translation, translation techniques, translation quality.

The Analysis of Translation Techniques in Translating Ahmad Fuadi’s Negeri 5 Menara Into Angie Kilbane’s The Land of 5 Towers

This research about The Analysis of Translation Techniques in Translating Ahmad Fuadi’s Negeri 5 Menara into Angie Kilbane’s The Land of 5 Towers. This analysis is a library research and applying descriptive method. From the analysis it found out that the translator applies all of eighteen techniques translation by Molina and Albir, they are: Pure Borrowing with 23 data. Naturalized Borrowing with 17 data. Calque with 13 data. Literal Translation with 17 data. Compensation with 4 data. Transposition with 27 data. Description with 9 data. Modulation with 69 data. Amplification with 18 data. Adaptation with 33 data. Established Equivalent with 6 data. Generalization with 17 data. Particularization with 4 data. Reduction with 22 data. Discursive Creation with 2 data. Substitution, Linguistic Compression, and Linguistic Amplification with 5 data. Variation with 7 data. The most dominant technique used is Modulation with 69 data, while the most less technique used is Discursive Creation with 2 data

Speech Acts Performed by Voldemort within the Movie “Harry Potter: The Deathly Hollows Part I”

This research investigates what types of speech acts that Voldemort used and the procedures applied in translating its subtitle in movie “Harry Potter: The Deathly Hollows Part 1”. Descriptive qualitative analysis was set up as the method whilst the theories of Yule (1996) and Vinay & Darbelnet (1958) were used as the main roadmap to analyze the data. The researcher collected data by employing a note-taking technique and gaining the data by searching, downloading, watching the movie, taking notes and marking its transcript in its dialogue. In analyzing data, the researcher used the content analysis technique and the steps are by searching, identifying, classifying them according to the speech acts theory of Yule (1996). As the result, 67 speech acts performed by Voldemort were discovered such as; declarative, representative, expressive, commissive, and directive. Meanwhile, the directive speech act was dominantly used (29 data). On the other hands, it was encountered that a number of translation procedures were applied. They are literal translation, pure borrowing, modulation, generalization, adaptation, addition, deletion while literal translation dominates (42 data).

Translation Methods And Techniques Applied In English Exposition Texts Into Indonesia

The aims of this study are (1) to describe the translation method adopted by the translator in translating the exposition text, (2) to formulate the translation techniques applied in translating the expository text in the order of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences into Indonesian from English by applying translation procedures according to Molina and Albir (2002). This research uses a descriptive – qualitative approach with a case study design that is oriented towards the translation product. The data sources in this study are the document and exposition text “When Being Overweight Is a Health Problem” which was reviewed by Mary L. Gavin, MD and reviewed in 2018 as the object of the study, and the results of the translation from English which are summarized in this research data are in the form of words, phrases, clauses and sentences of expository texts and their translations. Research data was collected by document analysis and analyzed by interactive analysis method. The research findings are as follows, first, seven translation methods are applied in translating expository texts, namely the word-for-word method, the faithful method, the semantic method, the adaptation method, the independent method, the idiomatic method, and the communicative method. Second, eight translation techniques are applied in translating expository texts, namely literal techniques, pure borrowing, natural borrowing, calque, transposition, modulation, omission and addition. Based on the frequency of use, the literal technique ranks first, followed by natural borrowing, pure borrowing, transposition, calque, modulation, omission, and addition techniques. Theoretically, literal, pure borrowing, natural borrowing, and calque techniques are oriented to the source language while transposition, modulation, omission, and addition techniques are oriented to the target language.
 Keywords: translation technique, translation method, exposition text

PURE BORROWING TECHNIQUE IN INDONESIAN TRANSLATION OF NOVEL ENTITLED LITTLE WOMAN BY LOUISA MAY ALCOTT

Pure borrowing technique is translation technique that corresponds to Stylistique Comparee du Francais et de L’Anglais (SCFA) by Vinay in 1977. By using the technique, this research was intended to analyze the pure borrowing words and the part of speech that can be found in the Indonesian translation of Little Woman novel by Louisa May Alcott. The qualitative descriptive approach was used to achieve the objective of the study. The data was collected by reading both the Indonesian and English versions of the novel. The result shows that 119 pure borrowing words were found from all 23 chapters of the book with 628 total frequencies. The parts of speech found are noun, adjective, verb, and interjection with an additional 2 clauses and 1 phrase. It was also found that most of the pure borrowing words in the novel have the translation in the target language, but the translator chose to use the pure borrowing technique. However, despite several pure borrowing words, the Indonesian version of Little Woman Novel can be still well-received by Indonesian native language readers.

ENGLISH BORROWING TRANSLATION FROM ENGLISH INTO INDONESIAN SUBTITLE IN THE REDEEMING LOVE FILM

<p>Borrowing is one the various techniques to utilize the word to keeping the source language’s original words and phrases or sentence in the target language’s version. The researcher focus to find the types borrowing and dominant of borrowing in the especially in learning English. The researcher used Molina and Albir theories about borrowing the divided into two types there is pure borrowing and naturalized borrowing. The data sheets used as secondary instruments that during time there is collecting, classifying, analyzing, discussing and result the data This study was conducted using a qualitative method. The aim of the resaarch found many borrowing words in two types borrowing pure and naturalized borrowing in the film. And from the result that the dominant types is naturalized borrowing in 61 data, 36 or 59,16% is naturalized and 25 or 40,99% the pure borrowing. Based on the dominant types borrowing founded in the redeeming love film.</p>

The Study of Abstract Translation of Non-English Department Student at UPY

his study aims (1) to describe the problems of students when they have to translate an abstract from Indonesia to English, (2) to describe translation technique (TT) used by students when translating abstract, (3) to describe the impact of the application of TT used on the quality of abstract translation, (4) to describe the solution that the researcher takes to solve the problems in translating abstract. This study was conducted at University of PGRI Yogyakarta, 27th June 2021. It was qualitative study with total 10 respondents using FGD technique. They were 5 males and 5 females (four students of management, three students of history education, two students of civics education, and one student of mathematics education). Interviews and questionnaire in FGD were used to collect the data. The result showed that (1) the respondents have problems in translating abstract such as in choosing article, in understanding the English, in having less vocabulary, in knowing the meaning, in asking someone’s help to translate, in understanding grammar, in translating abstract without any help from their supervisor and in translating abstract using Google translate only. (2) The respondents used pure borrowing and established equivalent techniques. (3) The application of pure borrowing and established equivalent technique have impacted to the translation quality. Their abstract translation quality score C, D and E. (4) The researcher did the small training as the solution to improve their abstract quality.

Borrowing in the Novel “The Good Earth” and It’s Translation Into “Bumi Yang Subur”

The translation is done by transferring form of the first language to the form of the second language using of semantic structure. It must be transferred and held constant and the form may change. But translation activities do not only deal with transferring language from one language to another language, but also deal with the most important thing, such as; message and meaning from source language to target language. This study analyzed about types of borrowing are found in the translation of The Good Earth into Bumi yang Subur. The library research method and field research method used in this study. The description of the method can be seen in the following explanations. This study used library research. In this type of research, the location is very flexible. The research was done every where as long as the place supports the main facility needed such as books and computer. Types of borrowing found in the data source are pure borrowing, naturalized borrowing and cultural borrowing.

An Analysis of Cultural Terms Translation in ‘Chef’ Movie Script

The focus of this study was on the translation of cultural terminology found in the "Chef" movie script. The goals were to determine the cultural category, the translation techniques used, and the translation quality. The data for this analysis were words, phrases, and sentences, hence the descriptive qualitative method was utilized. Purposive sampling was used by the researchers, and got 28 sets of data to analyze. The movie script contained four out of five cultural categories: material (75%), concept and social organization (14.28%), ecological (7.14%), and gesture and habit (7.14%). (3.57%). Only four of the 18 translation strategies were used to translate the cultural terms: pure borrowing (75 %), literal translation (39.28 %), established equivalence (7.14 %), and adaptation (7.14 %) (3.57%) The quality of the translation study revealed that 27 data (96.42 %) were accurately translated into Indonesian, and that 28 data (100%) were acceptable and highly readable.

A Translation Analysis of Techniques used in the War Speech Event at the Novel “Ghost Fleet ; a Novel of the New World War”, Written by P.W. Singer and August Cole from English into Indonesian

Translating literary works, especially novels, causes multiple challenges for translators, including the implementation of techniques in translating utterances in accordance with their contexts. This study was especially intended to identify and analyse the techniques used in the translated novel from English into Bahasa Indonesia. It is a translation research: a case study with descriptive qualitative method on the basis of the documents of the ST and TT. The case study was applied to a novel Ghost Fleet: A Novel of The Next World. The data were obtained using document analysis and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The data were analyzed one by one using Spradley‟s four procedures.The results showed tha hhe utterances were translated using established equivalence. variation, pure borrowing, explicitation, modulation, implicitation, particularization, compensation, discursive creation, reduction, literal translation, trans-rank-shift, transposition, addition and generalization. This research revealed that in the war speech event, the techniques used.

Translating Discriminatory Expressions in Pramoedya Ananta Toer's Outstanding Novel

Although studies on the expression of social class discrimination in the novel have much been documented, there is a paucity of research addressing how the expression of social class discrimination is translated into English. In response to this void, the present study aims at examining translation techniques in the expressions of social class discrimination in the novels written by Pramoedya Ananta Tour. This research employed a translation case study research design. The data were collected through observations and Focus Group Discussion. The data originated from Pramoedya Ananta Toer's novel, containing clauses containing social class discrimination. In this study, two questions are posed. First, what expressions of social class discrimination were found in the novel? Second, how was the expression containing social class discrimination translated into English? The findings showcase that the expressions of social class discrimination encompass subordination, stereotypical perspective, marginalization, and violence. In the same way, the most dominant translation technique is established equivalence, followed by modulation, explicitation, implicitation, paraphrase, transposition, pure borrowing, addition, reduction, generalization, discursive creation, particularization, description, variant borrowing, and deletion. The use of those translation techniques indicates that the quality of the translation is considered good. Discussion of implications empirically and practically is presented in the last part of this article.

Revisiting Interpretive Translation Method: A Case Study of Muhammad Thalib’s Quranic Translation

Although research on the literal and interpretive translation methods have been extensively explored, little attention has been invested in criticizing these translation methods. This research aims to evaluate the interpretive translation method from the canon of translation studies by investigating some techniques, methods, and ideology of the translation in Muhammad Thalib’s Quranic Translation of surah al-Wāqiah into Indonesian. This research employs a critical qualitative-cased study design. The results indicate that the translator applied several translation techniques in the translation of surah al-Wāqiah: established equivalence (47.05%), amplification (explication) (25.16%), implicitation (8.31%), modulation (6.12%), amplification (paraphrasing) (5.03%), transposition (2.85%), compensation (2.63%), discursive creation (1.31%), reduction (0.66%), pure borrowing (0. 44%), particularization (0.22%), and paraphrasing discursive creation (0.22%). These techniques are categorized under communicative translation method and domestication translation ideology. This research implies that the interpretive translation method is not dependable and serves as a unit of analysis to dissect Qur'anic translation text, given that it lies at the meso level. Therefore, this method must be reconstructed using translation techniques at the micro level. For this reason, the translators need to be more competent not only in bilingual, transfer, and cultural competencies, but also in declarative and procedural translation competencies as well. Keywords: Critical Translation, Muhammad Thalib, Al-Qur’an Translation, Translation Method, Tarjamah Tafsīriyah.

Medical Term Translation Techniques Analysis on Five Feet Apart Novel

The medical term is one of the most fascinating yet essential to analyze in translation study. This research aims to scrutinize medical terms translation in the Five Feet Apart novel. The researcher inquiries the types of medical terms found and the translation techniques applied to translate them from English to Indonesian. This research is qualitative research. Molina and Albir's (2002) translation techniques theory is used to analyze the data in the form of words and clauses. The data collecting technique is documentation. The researcher managed to collect 424 data, 57 data in the form of phrases and 367 data in the form of words. Based on the analysis, the results show that the most dominant technique used is the established equivalent technique that has 172 data or 40.56%. The order is followed by pure borrowing technique (17.68%), naturalized borrowing technique (14.86%), amplification (12.03%), calque techniques (8.48%), transposition (4.95%), generalization (0.24%) and reduction (0.24%). The most dominant medical term is human body parts terms (33.50%). The list was followed by the medical abbreviation (24.30%), medical tool (12.5%), procedures, treatments, and actions (12.02%), diseases, signs, symptoms, and injuries (8.96%), medication (4.95%) and healthcare occupation (1.65%).

A TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF THE SPEECH ACT IN THE WAR SPEECH EVENT AT THE NOVEL “GHOST FLEET ; A NOVEL OF THE NEW WORLD WAR”, WRITTEN BY P.W.SINGER AND AUGUST COLE FROM ENGLISH INTO INDONESIAN

Translating literary works, especially novels, causes multiple challenges for translators, including utterances consisting of some types of speech acts such directives, assertives, expressives, commissives and declaratives using proper translation techniques in accordance with their contexts. This study was especially intended to identify and analyse the types of speech acts,. It is a translation research: a case study with descriptive qualitative method on the basis of the documents of the ST and TT. The case study was applied to a novel Ghost Fleet: A Novel of The Next World. The data were obtained using document analysis and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The data were analyzed one by one using Spradley‟s four procedures.The results showed that there are four types of speech acts found in the novel namely assertive, directive, expressive and comissive. The speech acts were translated using established equivalence. variation, pure borrowing, explicitation, modulation, implicitation, particularization, compensation, discursive creation, reduction, literal translation, trans-rank-shift, transposition, addition and generalization. The translation quality consisting of accuracy, acceptability and readability is very excellent. This research revealed that in the war speech event, assertive and directive speech acts are used among the troops since the speech acts there use should contain propositions of truth to win either the combats and the war.