Psychological Characteristics Research Articles

학교폭력 목격자의 특성과 개선 방안

Witnesses of school violence often face indirect harm, which can lead to significant psychological and emotional challenges. Repeated exposure to violence may cause them to internalize aggressive behaviors or adopt a passive bystander role. This study analyzes the psychological and emotional characteristics of school violence witnesses and proposes targeted support strategies to address their needs. Key psychological issues include fear, anxiety, and isolation, which negatively impact emotional development. In trying to maintain peer group belonging, witnesses may overlook or condone violent behaviors, raising the risk of internalizing aggression. This study recognizes witnesses as indirect victims needing support rather than passive observers and seeks to promote positive self-concept and emotional well-being. Three main support strategies are suggested: after-school activities, voluntary community service, and counseling. After-school programs, including arts and sports, help witnesses express emotions, relieve stress, and foster positive self-identity. Voluntary service provides a sense of achievement, helps alleviate negative emotions, and builds self-esteem. Counseling, including group sessions, offers witnesses opportunities to correct negative beliefs formed from violence, develop positive coping skills, and receive emotional support through shared experiences. In conclusion, school violence witnesses require proactive and systematic support to overcome their psychological challenges. The suggested interventions aim to alleviate their emotional burden, foster resilience, and contribute to creating a peaceful school environment, ultimately supporting the healthy development of all students.

ПСИХОЛОГІЧНА КОМПЕТЕНТНІСТЬ УЧИТЕЛІВ У КОНТЕКСТІ НОВОГО ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО СТАНДАРТУ: ВИКЛИКИ ТА МОЖЛИВОСТІ РОЗВИТКУ

The article examines the significance of a teacher’s psychological competence based on the requirements of the new professional standard «Teacher of General Secondary Education Institution». A number of scientific studies addressing the issue of psychological competence from various perspectives are analyzed, particularly in the context of interpersonal interactions and the adaptation of pedagogical approaches. Psychological competence is defined as the ability of a teacher to effectively interact with participants in the educational process, navigate social situations, recognize emotional states and individual characteristics of each person, and apply appropriate methods to support students’ psychological well-being. The importance of the teacher’s ability to create a positive psychological climate in the classroom and assess students’ emotional states to ensure a supportive educational environment is emphasized. It is highlighted that, in the context of the challenges posed by the consequences of war and social-psychological changes in society, psychological competence is crucial for supporting students’ motivation and emotional development. A detailed analysis of the challenges that teachers may encounter in the process of developing psychological competence in the current context is provided. Key aspects such as the need to consider students’ individual psychological characteristics, adapt pedagogical methods to emotional needs, foster motivation, and promote positive self-esteem are identified. The article also discusses ways to overcome these challenges through systematic teacher professional development, participation in training programs, and the development of psychological skills that help create a comfortable and effective educational environment. Overall, the article emphasizes the importance of developing psychological competence as an integral part of teaching, enhancing the educational process, and ensuring quality learning for students amid social-psychological changes.

Biomarkers of burnout and their relationship with psychological characteristics in healthcare practitioners

Background — The goal of this study was to investigate how biomarkers can be indicators of burnout in healthcare workers and what is the relationship between these biomarkers and psychological characteristics. Material and Methods — A total of 96 doctors and nurses from different clinics in Irkutsk were surveyed. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Ware et al. 12-item Short-Form of the Medical Outcomes Study (SF-12), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Ways of Coping questionnaire, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) were employed. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), melatonin, serotonin, dopamine and cortisol were used as biomarkers. Results — We established that doctors and nurses diagnosed with high-level burnout had higher concentrations of DHEA-S and cortisol in their saliva. Salivary cortisol and DHEA-S were associated with levels of depressive symptoms. Relationships were found between various biomarkers (melatonin, DHEA-S) and factors that prevent the development of stress. Such productive coping strategies as Planful Problem-Solving or components of mindfulness capable of reducing stress severity were negatively associated with the circadian rhythm regulator (melatonin) and DHEA-S. Presumably, psychological regulation can reduce objective stress rather than subjectively experienced stress alone. Conclusion — Doctors and nurses with high burnout levels have high concentrations of DHEA-S and cortisol. Accordingly, these biomarkers can be considered as indicators of burnout. In addition, coping strategies and mindfulness components were identified that are associated with stress biomarkers and, presumably, can help reduce not only subjectively experienced stress, but also objective stress.

THE METHODOLOGICAL SYSTEM FOR GEOMETRIC INTUITION DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMARY SCHOOLCHILDREN

This article examines the methodological system for geometric intuition development of primary schoolchildren and its usage in the process of teaching mathematics in primary grades, which makes the lesson interesting, effective and purposeful, and the solution of assignments becomes more visual and accessible. The content’s theoretical analysis, as well as practically reasonable interpretations are the basis of the research-experimental part of geometric intuition’s methodological system, which enables students to self-education and allows a creative knowledgeable teacher to have flexible control. In particular, the article presents a primary schoolchild’s geometric intuition as a special means of cognition, which is characterized by direct perception of truth, its formation and condition for the development of preliminary knowledge of geometry. In this sense, developing problem of learner’s higher thinking is the basis of modern educational system, and often primary schoolchildren’s geometric intuitive thinking exceeds their arithmetic thinking. However, when studying the content and learning process of teaching preliminary geometric knowledge in primary school, intuition is manifested both as a form, as a method, and as a means of cognition, which is carried out through subconscious processing of information received by learners, aimed at developing of primary schoolchildren’s geometric intuition using assignments’ system. Meanwhile, based on the studied theoretical material, pedagogical and psychological characteristic features and experimental analyses, we implement an innovative author’s lesson.

KİÇİKYAŞLI MƏKTƏBLİLƏRDƏ TƏHLİL-TƏRKİB BACARIQLARININ XÜSUSİYYƏTLƏRİ

The article discusses the psychological characteristics related to the acquisition of the English language by young schoolchildren. It highlights that during the second stage of childhood, which corresponds to the early school years, a new and significant phase begins in children’s lives. They transition from play activities to learning activities. Several changes occur in their school life, and these changes are also reflected in the way young schoolchildren acquire language. Although they learn a foreign language with interest, they face several challenges. These challenges manifest in phonetics, syntax, and orthoepy. The article also explains the nature of the difficulties young schoolchildren face in acquiring the language. It is noted that the reasons for these difficulties are related to physiological and psychological factors. Some children show signs of dyslalia and dyslexia. For children with speech problems, priority should be given to the practical acquisition of speech to expand their capabilities in this area.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF DECISION-MAKING IN ORIENTEERING

The consistent analysis of the psychological aspects of competitive activity in orienteering, decision-making processes and psychotypical characteristics of athletes engaged in winter sports allowed the authors of the paper to substantiate the psychological features of decision-making in orienteering. The main features are defined: the development of orientation thinking, advantages of hyperthymic and pedantic psychotypes, as well as choice strategies, prevailing mental states and their management.

Language play in British animalistics in the second half of the 20th century

Language play is a common device in literary works. The article studies language play in British animal studies in the second half of the 20th century. We analyze how British writers use language to create images of animals and to convey their characteristics. The article examines various techniques of language play, such as puns, metaphors, comparisons, etc. We also draw attention to how language play helps create a unique style of narration and conveys the peculiarities of British culture. The article will be of interest to literary researchers, as well as to anyone interested in British culture and literature of the 20th century. In this article, we trace how language play is realized in the works of British animal writers such as Gerald Durrell, Richard Adams and Harry Kilworth. Depicting two parallel developing worlds – the human and the animal one, British animalists endow the latter not only with psychological characteristics, but also with their own language. As a result, their world is perceived as a certain civilization with its own cultural characteristics, which can serve as an example for humanity.

Психологические предикторы девиантного поведения несовершеннолетних. Часть 1. Портрет воспитанника СУВУ

<p style="text-align: justify;">This study aims at identifying psychological predictors of deviant behavior of pupils in special educational institutions (hereinafter - SEI). Based on the selected methodological and diagnostic life position of a minor with deviant behavior model, the individual psychological characteristics of adolescents were described, and a personality profile of SEI pupil was compiled. The study involved respondents (N=465) from 15 SEIs located in different regions of the Russian Federation aged 12 to 17 years (M=15.4; SD=1.2), 402 (86.5%) - male. The results obtained, in particular, revealed formed group cohesion; a slight violation of the needs for control and meaningful existence; a tendency to conventional coercion and justification of aggression; an insufficient level of development of self-regulation processes in stressful, difficult life situations. Attention is drawn to a fairly high level of awareness and interconnectedness in the overall structure of individual regulation of adolescents.</p>

Взаимосвязь аддиктивных установок, склонности к поиску острых ощущений и психологических защит личности у наркозависимых осужденных

<p style="text-align: justify;">The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the importance of studying addictive attitudes, a tendency to search for thrills and psychological defenses of personality in drug-addicted convicts, which are taken into account when compiling psychological characteristics in places of deprivation of liberty, and, further, are evaluated in dynamics when serving a criminal sentence by convicts. The empirical study was conducted on the basis of the FKU IK-1 of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia for the Udmurt Republic. 114 convicts with drug addiction and 108 convicts without drug addiction took part in it. The revealed differences characterize the sample of drug-addicted convicts as persons who still have a high need and willingness to use narcotic substances, even in conditions of serving a criminal sentence. Significant interrelations between additive attitudes, thrill seeking and psychological defenses indicate the existing risk of destructive behavior of convicts. The study of the stated indicators will allow penitentiary psychologists to make an adequate forecast of the behavior of drug-addicted convicts in a correctional institution.The prospects of the problem under study are the development of a psychocorrection program taking into account the identified indicators and its use in the professional activities of penitentiary psychologists.</p>

Deciphering the Psychological Characteristics of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy and Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Background/Objectives: Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) shares many clinical features with acute myocardial infarction (AMI); however, its underlying pathophysiology remains elusive due to specific characteristics (i.e., reversibility, presence of stressors, and low mortality rate). Emerging evidence suggests that TTS often emerges following significant somatic, emotional, or psychological stressors. Several studies have investigated the biological factors that may contribute to the onset of TTS, including the release of stress hormones. However, the psychological characteristics associated with TTS, which may be useful for differentiating TTS from other cardiovascular conditions, remain poorly explored. This study aims to overcome these limitations by evaluating whether certain psychological features may allow this specific clinical condition to be differentiated from other cardiovascular conditions. Methods: This study compared three groups of individuals: patients with TTS (N = 56), patients with AMI (N = 52), and individuals without a history of cardiovascular disease (N = 56). Patients were examined three months after the acute phases. The objective was to identify and examine multiple psychological factors involved in TTS, including state and trait anxiety, symptoms of depression, psychological symptoms, distress, perceived social support, and health locus of control. Results: The results indicate that patients with TTS exhibited higher levels of somatization, trait anxiety, obsessive-compulsiveness, and overall psychological distress than patients with AMI and control groups. These findings were associated with an internal health locus of control and low-risk lifestyles. Conclusions: This psychological exploration of TTS reveals a multifaceted relationship between the mind and the heart, challenging traditional notions of cardiovascular pathophysiology and suggesting the importance of considering the cardio-psychological health of patients in both preventive and intervention programs.

The use of modern ICT in distance training of future educators for professional self-development

The article proves that in the process of forming future teachers' self-development skills in distance learning, special attention should be focused on an individual approach to each student, their initial professional and pedagogical abilities, psychological capabilities, the originality of the thesaurus, as well as on the psychological and pedagogical features of forming readiness for professional self-development. It emphasizes the necessity for modern teachers to be theoretically and practically capable of analyzing their professional capabilities and, based on this, to formulate a program for their further professional growth at any stage of their professional activity. The article analyzes the peculiarities of using modern ICT in the distance preparation of future educators for professional self-development, distinguishing the means of telecommunications, methods, techniques, and forms of work. It examines the independent work of students in two aspects: at the reproductive level (working on oneself without any assistance but according to tasks or routines defined by schedules, habits, the instructor's requirements, and societal needs; acting according to the accepted motivational setup; developing acquired knowledge, skills, habits) and at the productive level (working on oneself not by template, but with attempts at novelty, risk, creativity, inventiveness, interest, and the need for self-improvement; introducing changes in content, organization and outcomes of activities). The article substantiates the peculiarities of organising an information and educational environment that allows teachers to more effectively implement ICT and Internet resources at different stages of the traditional education system, create online classes, integrated classes, develop and use their own software and digital educational resources for distance learning.

Сравнительный анализ воспринимаемой курсантами организационной поддержки

Introduction. The results of an empirical research of basic beliefs and attachment depending on the level of organisational support perceived by cadets are presented. The aim of the research is to identify the psychological features of level differences in the organisational support perceived by cadets. Research methods: the questionnaire of perceived organisational support; the Scale of basic beliefs; the methodology “Attachment Interview for Adults”; the methodology for diagnosing the level of professional burnout by V.V. Boyko. Comparative and multivariate discriminant analysis was used to identify significant differences of the studied phenomenon. Results. A high level of perceived organisational support is observed in the case of emotional involvement in service activities. In this case, cadets feel themselves as a part of the team and share its goals and values, demonstrate a high sense of duty before the team. Achievements of the organisation are considered equal to their own. The cadets' openness to take responsibility for failures and the desire to overcome them are complemented by sensitivity to justice, belief in kindness and the need for social contacts. The authors found that motivation for helping to achieve the organisation's goals prevails. It is manifested in the cadets' participation in various projects and activities aimed at developing the organisation and improving its efficiency.

Эмоционально-личностные характеристики подростков — участников военно-патриотического движения

<p>In connection with the massive development of the All-Russian children's and youth military-patriotic social movement “Yunarmiya”, research on the personal and psychological characteristics of the pupils of the yunarmey detachments is of particular relevance. The article comparatively examines the features of the emotional and personal characteristics of pupils of military-patriotic clubs and yunarmy detachments and teenagers who do not participate in this movement. The study (N = 45) involved young men aged 15 to 16 years, among them “Yunarmya” participants (N = 23) and high school students of a general education organization (N = 22). The study used the Phillips School Anxiety Test, the Methodology for diagnosing motivation to study and emotional attitude to the teachings of Spielberger-Andreeva, the Methodology for diagnosing the psychological security of the personality of I. I. Prikhodko. It was revealed that adolescents engaged in yunarmy detachments, in comparison with adolescents from a general education organization, have a lower level of school anxiety and increased cognitive activity. The results of the study expand the understanding of the psychological features of the development of the yunarmy and increase the possibilities for targeted psychological support of adolescents at the stage of adaptation in the yunarmy detachment.</p>

Эмпирическое исследование структуры мотивационно-ценностного компонента личностной зрелости взрослого человека (35–45 лет)

The article reflects the results of a theoretical and empirical study of the psychological features of the development of the motivational-value component of adult personal maturity. It is noted that the personal maturity of an individual is the key to his ability to self-development and achieve life goals, and the period of 35–45 years is perceived in society as the middle of life, the stage of achieving the maximum level of development of all personal qualities and at the same time as a point of new reference associated with the need to adapt to changing living conditions and leveling new psychological challenges. The motivational-value component of an individual’s personality plays a significant role in the effectiveness of overcoming these challenges. The author represents and substantiates its structure, including the level of development of motives for activity (work, training, communication) and self-development; a system of personal relationships and a system of values; the level of formation of a life perspective and the ability to independently find the meaning of one’s life (synergy); the level of development of the ability to self-regulate individual states, self-understanding and self-esteem. Additionally, the article outlines the stages of development of the motivational-value component of personal maturity, which include the self-evaluating stage, the self-aware stage, and the self-correcting stage. It also characterizes various groups of factors influencing this development.

Exploring correlates of high psychiatric inpatient utilization in Switzerland: a descriptive and machine learning analysis

Abstract Background This study investigated socio-demographic, psychiatric, and psychological characteristics of patients with high versus low utilization of psychiatric inpatient services. Our objective was to better understand the utilization pattern and to contribute to improving psychiatric care. Methods One-hundred and twenty inpatients of the University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK) Basel, Switzerland, participated in this cross-sectional study. All patients were interviewed using different clinical scales. As target variables we investigated the number of days of psychiatric inpatient treatment within a 30-month period. Results Despite including multiple relevant patient variables and using elaborate statistical models (classic univariate und multiple regression, LASSO regression, and non-linear random forest models), the selected variables explained only a small percentage of variance in the number of days of psychiatric inpatient treatment with cross-validated R2 values ranging from 0.16 to 0.22. The number of unmet needs of patients turned out to be a meaningful and hence potentially clinically relevant correlate of the number of days of psychiatric inpatient treatment in each of the applied statistical models. Conclusions High utilization behavior remains a complex phenomenon, which can only partly be explained by psychiatric, psychological, or social/demographic characteristics. Self-reported unmet patient needs seems to be a promising variable which may be targeted by further research in order to potentially reduce unnecessary hospitalizations or develop better tailored psychiatric treatments.

Predictors Based on the Radiologic Characteristics for Aggressiveness of Small (< 20 mm) Nonfunctioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.

To find the association between preoperative computed tomography (CT) features combined with tumor marker and known high-risk factors of small nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PNETS), thereby selecting appropriate treatment strategy for these patients. One hundred fourteen patients with NF-PNETs< 20 mm who underwent surgical operation were retrospectively analyzed from 2009 to 2023. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to find the relationship between preoperative clinical psychological and CT features and high-risk factors. The overall survival (OS) rates with and without high-risk factors were compared. Of 114 patients, 29(25%) had at least one of these high-risk factors. Main pancreatic duct dilation (OR, 3.315; 95% CI, 1.079-10.184; p = 0.036), irregular tumor margin (OR, 2.955; 95% CI, 1.021-8.551; p = 0.046), positive tumor marker (OR, 6.047; 95% CI, 1.408-25.963; p = 0.015) were associated with increased odds of having any of these high-risk factors. The time to death differed significantly between patients with and without high-risk factors. Patients combining with high-risk factors were associated with lower 3- and 5-year OS (100% vs. 81.8%, 93.1% vs. 81.8%, respectively; p = 0.035 for both). Main pancreatic duct dilation, irregular tumor margin and positive tumor marker could screen a subset of patients recommended for surgery.

Contribution of psychological characteristics to talent identification in ice-hockey

Contribution of psychological characteristics to talent identification in ice-hockey

Workplace ideologies, employability and the ideal graduate identities

ABSTRACT Workplace ideologies play an important role in graduate employability and employers’ perceptions of the ideal employable graduate. However, insufficient attention has been paid to what employers take into consideration when making a recruitment decision and their perceptions of the ideal graduate. We deployed a qualitative methodology to collect data from 50 employers from diverse sectors in New Zealand. We found that employers highly appreciated socio-cultural fitness, constructing career-ready identities and displaying positive psychological qualities while being influenced by the normative ideology of ethnic habitus. Employers, often unconsciously, prioritised candidates who fit within the established cultural norms of the workplace, potentially overlooking qualified candidates from diverse backgrounds. Although employers’ narratives demonstrated an awareness of resisting normative ideologies, their recruitment practices often contradicted these ideals. The findings suggest that tertiary institutions could develop policies and activities to enhance graduates’ socio-cultural fitness, enact career-ready identities and promote positive psychological qualities. They may also raise graduates’ awareness of workplace ideologies and realities, enabling them to enact the necessary professional identities in the workplace.

Психологічні особливості прояву емоційного інтелекту у підлітків.

The article examines the specifics of adolescent emotional intelligence, a key factor in their social and personal development. For the empirical analysis, a sample of 30 adolescents aged 14-16 was used. The study used psychodiagnostic methods: the "Big Five" by R. McCray and P. Costa and the EmIQ questionnaire by D. Lucin. Empirical studies were analyzed to uncover the relationship between various aspects of emotional intelligence in adolescents and their psychological characteristics. The findings reveal significant correlations between emotional intelligence components and traits such as extraversion, neuroticism, sociability, conscientiousness, and openness to new experiences. For example, adolescents who exhibit high levels of emotional intelligence tend to score higher in extraversion and sociability, enabling them to build stronger interpersonal connections. At the same time, these adolescents may display lower levels of neuroticism, helping them manage stress more effectively. Conscientiousness is also associated with specific facets of emotional intelligence, as adolescents with higher conscientiousness demonstrate better emotional regulation and impulse control, which can support academic success and goal-setting behaviors. Openness to new experiences was linked to the adaptability and empathy components of emotional intelligence, highlighting that adolescents with this trait are often more receptive to diverse perspectives and exhibit greater cognitive flexibility. These findings suggest that emotional intelligence not only supports social adaptability but also contributes to broader psychological resilience, enabling adolescents to navigate complex social situations and cope with developmental challenges more effectively. The study emphasizes the importance of fostering emotional intelligence in adolescence to support holistic development and prepare young individuals for the demands of adult social and emotional environments.

Tactical and psychological aspects of judicial interrogation in criminal proceedings

The object of the research, the individual results of which are presented in the proposed article, is judicial interrogation in criminal proceedings, and the subject is the tactical and psychological aspect of the court's participation in its conduct. The purpose of the article was to highlight some tactical and psychological features of judicial interrogation, in particular the role and participation of the judge himself in its conduct, the admissibility of his use of certain interrogation techniques. During the research, a comprehensive approach was used, which made it possible to consider the researched object in both a theoretical and a practical plane. Formal logic methods, such as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, abstraction, analogy, were used when processing normative material, scientific sources, and formulated conclusions on the research topic. The article examines the essence and means of forensic analysis of testimony received during judicial interrogation. Its psychological atmosphere is characterized, the meaning and methods of establishing and maintaining psychological contact with the person questioned in court are shown. The reasons and means of overcoming the distortion of the circumstances related to the subject of interrogation by the interrogated are highlighted. As a result, it was concluded that the adversarial nature of the judicial process presupposes the primary activity of the opposing parties in the interrogation of individual participants in the criminal proceedings, and the tactical methods of judicial interrogation developed by criminology are primarily addressed to the prosecution. However, the ability to recognize the falsity of testimony or to expose the falsity of testimony is no less important for the judge, who is obliged to adequately evaluate and use the evidence when making a final decision in such a way that his conclusions regarding the information received from the interrogated persons are understandable to the person present at the court session who is not familiar with the jurisprudence to the public and contributed to establishing the truth in the case. Key words: forensic support of court proceedings, judicial interrogation.