Psychological Characteristics Research Articles

Psychological and Psychiatric Characteristics of People with Keratoconus

Background and Objectives: There are many reports in the literature on the co-occurrence of somatic diseases and psychiatric disorders. Relatively few have addressed the co-occurrence of corneal cone with anxiety, depression, or personality disorders. Materials and Methods: 99 patients with keratoconus (study group) and 92 patients without keratoconus (control group) participated in the entire study, which was conducted in 2015 and 2020–2023. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) were used to assess depressive symptoms, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to assess anxiety symptoms, and the DSM-IV Personality Disorder Inventory (IBZO-DSM-IV) to identify personality disorders. Results: In the study group, the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms correlated with all types of personality disorders. In the control group, these symptoms did not correlate with antisocial and narcissistic personalities. In the comparative analysis, there were more patients with antisocial, schizotypal, obsessive compulsive, schizoid, paranoid, and dependent personality traits in the study group. Conclusions: Patients with keratoconus have increased expressions of antisocial personality traits, but no differences in anxiety and depression symptoms were evident. Further research is needed among patients diagnosed with keratoconus in the short term.

Nondietary psychological app program leads to sustained weight loss due to trained physiological satiety perception.

Obese people are mostly unable to maintain successful weight loss after the end of a dietary change. One reason is that conventional weight reduction concepts neglect physiological hunger and satiety perception, leading to a relapse to previous eating habits on the long run. We examined the long-term efficacy of a psychological smartphone weight loss program, which avoids any dietary instructions and aims at relearning of satiety perception. Parameters of body weight alterations and psychological features, for example, satiety perception, food cravings, and emotional eating, were explored in a nonrandomized experimental study comprising 75 obese participants. Measurements occurred at baseline, two times during program application, as well as at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Participants displayed significant weight loss during the entire study period (p = .029) and showed an improved body composition at the 6-month follow-up (p = .018). These effects were associated with increased satiety perception, as well as reduced food cravings, and emotional eating habits. Notably, all improvements in measured parameters significantly sustained between the end of the program and the 12-month follow-up (p < .005 for all). Psychological relearning of satiety perception may outclass dietary approaches in terms of long-term efficiency.

Unraveling the nexus: exploring the interplay of mass media, personality traits and social norms in fostering protective behavior against smog

Purpose The rise in industrialization, economic development and urbanization has altered the composition of atmospheric air. Air pollutants have significantly impacted Pakistan's urban areas, resulting in the lowest air quality index readings. To understand disinclined behavior such as using air purifiers and wearing masks, this study aims to explore the relationship between individual personality traits and mass media effects. Design/methodology/approach This study used a cross-sectional survey with a model based on previous theories. Data from 2,000 adults were self-administered and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings PLS-SEM confirmed six hypotheses, revealing mass media's direct and mediating roles in promoting critical psychological perceptions for protective behavior. The empirical results indicate that neuroticism, agreeableness and openness traits reinforce adherence behavior by intensifying threat perception. Practical implications This paper highlights significant implications for media campaign planners and provides more precise and comprehensive theoretical guidance. In the context of environmental challenges like smog, the findings illustrate how an understanding of personality traits can improve the efficacy of public health interventions through adherence to behaviors like mask-wearing and air purifier use. Addressing individual psychological characteristics when creating mass media campaigns to encourage public adherence to health protection measures related to environmental hazards. Originality/value Despite health campaigns and awareness, public compliance with measures like mask-wearing and air purifier use remains minimal. This study explores untapped mass media effects based on individual personality traits to understand this behavior.

Uncovering the most robust predictors of problematic pornography use: A large-scale machine learning study across 16 countries.

Problematic pornography use (PPU) is the most common manifestation of the newly introduced compulsive sexual behavior disorder diagnosis in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases. Research related to PPU has proliferated in the past two decades, but most prior studies were characterized by several shortcomings (e.g., using homogenous, small samples), resulting in crucial knowledge gaps and a limited understanding concerning empirically based risk factors for PPU. This study aimed to identify the most robust risk factors for PPU using a preregistered study design. Independent laboratories' 74 preexisting self-report data sets (Nparticipants = 112,397; Ncountries = 16) were combined to identify which factors can best predict PPU using an artificial intelligence-based method (i.e., machine learning). We conducted random forest models on each data set to examine how different sociodemographic, psychological, and other characteristics predict PPU, and combined the results of all data sets using random-effects meta-analysis with meta-analytic moderators (e.g., community vs. treatment-seeking samples). Predictors explained 45.84% of the variance in PPU scores. Out of the 700+ potential predictors, 17 variables emerged as significant predictors across data sets, with the top five being (a) pornography use frequency, (b) emotional avoidance pornography use motivation, (c) stress reduction pornography use motivation, (d) moral incongruence toward pornography use, and (e) sexual shame. This study is the largest and most integrative data analytic effort in the field to date. Findings contribute to a better understanding of PPU's etiology and may provide deeper insights for developing more efficient, cost-effective, empirically based directions for future research as well as prevention and intervention programs targeting PPU. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms Among Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy for Breast, Gastrointestinal, Gynecological, or Lung Cancer.

Individuals who undergo chemotherapy for cancer are at elevated risk of developing depressive symptoms, yet substantial interindividual variation exists in trajectories of these symptoms. To examine interindividual variations in trajectories of depressive symptoms during 2 cycles of chemotherapy and to evaluate associations between demographic and clinical characteristics, symptom severity scores, psychological adjustment characteristics (eg, stress and coping), and initial levels and trajectories of depressive symptoms. Patients (n = 1323) diagnosed with breast, gynecologic, lung, or gastrointestinal cancer completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale 6 times, over 2 cycles of chemotherapy. At enrollment, patients provided demographic information and completed a broad range of symptom, stress, and coping measures. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to identify characteristics associated with initial levels and trajectories of depressive symptoms. Interindividual differences in initial levels of depressive symptoms were associated with marital status, functional status, level of comorbidity, chemotherapy toxicity, sleep disturbance, morning fatigue, cognitive function, global and cancer-related stress, and coping characteristics (ie, sense of coherence, venting, behavioral disengagement, and self-blame). Interindividual differences in depression trajectories were associated with education, cancer type, chemotherapy toxicity, sleep disturbance, evening energy, evening fatigue, cognitive function, global and cancer-related stress, and self-blame. We present new findings concerning the trajectories and predictors of depressive symptoms during chemotherapy. Modifiable risk factors (eg, stress and coping) are important targets for intervening to address depressive symptoms in oncology patients.

Psychological characteristics of environmental stakeholders and interactions in their social network

This research explores the roles of (1) the stakeholder categories conservation association, land use association, public authority and research group, (2) Organizational Culture, operationalized by the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument; (3) Environmental Worldview, operationalized by the New Environmental Paradigm; and (4) Environmental Risk Perception, operationalized by the Myths of Physical Nature, in shaping the interactions in the social network of environmental stakeholders in the city and district of Osnabrück in Northwest Germany. First, the study examines the stakeholder categories (1), regarding the expression of the constructs (2), (3) and (4) among them. Second, all constructs (1), (2), (3) and (4) are examined regarding possible correlations with the presence of collaboration and conflict between stakeholders. Our analysis reveals that (1) Stakeholder Categories are significantly correlated with the presence of collaboration, but not of conflict. (2) A significant correlation between membership of a stakeholder category and the dominant manifestation of a particular organizational culture is present, while no correlation between Organizational Cultures and the presence of collaborations or conflicts could be found. Moreover, the study highlights (3) a generally pro-environmental orientation across stakeholders as captured by the New Environmental Paradigm (NEP), indicating a shared foundation for potential collaborative efforts. (4) Analysis of Environmental Risk Perception, through the Cultural Theory’s myths of physical nature, uncovers a widespread preference for the hierarchical myth, suggesting a common perception of environmental risks and resilience. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding psychological and social dimensions in environmental stakeholder management to enhance collaborative efforts towards sustainable development. It highlights the need for management approaches that acknowledge the complex interplay of diverse psychological constructs in driving effective and sustainable collaborations between stakeholders of regional land use, nature conservation, public authorities, academia and other sectors depending on the context. Through its insights into stakeholder interactions, this research contributes to the broader discourse on achieving sustainable development goals through informed, cooperative stakeholder engagement.

Effects of a Psychological Intervention Program on Competitive Anxiety and Psychological Profile in Young Soccer Players.

Our aim in the present study was to test the efficacy of a 13-week, 19-session psychological intervention program on young soccer players' competitive anxiety and their sport psychological profiles. Participants were 37 players in the under-15 age category, of which 18 players formed the experimental group (M age = 14.67 years, SD = .48) and 19 players formed the control group (Mage = 14.23 years, SD = .42); this was a quasi-experimental design without random assignment to groups. We had all participants complete the Psychological Inventory of Sport Performance (IPED), the Questionnaire of Psychological Characteristics of Sport Performance (CPRD), and the Competition State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) before and after the intervention. Results indicated positive effects for the intervention group (but not the control group) on stress control and motivation dimensions of the CPRD, cognitive anxiety and self-confidence on the CSAI-2, and self-confidence and attentional control on the IPED. These results suggest that psychological training for athletes contributes to their improved psychological skills, providing them tools to better adapt to the competitive environment.

Current Use and Discrepancies in the Adoption of Health-Related Internet of Things and Apps Among Working Women in Japan: Large-Scale, Internet-Based, Cross-Sectional Survey.

Demographic changes and a low birth rate have led to a workforce shortage in Japan. To address this issue, the government has promoted engagement of female employment. However, increased female employment can impact women's health. Using Internet of Things (IoT) and apps to manage women's health has gained attention, but few studies have focused on working women. This study aimed to clarify the current situation of working women and their use of IoT or apps to manage their health. A large-scale, nationwide internet survey was conducted among 10,000 female participants aged from 20 years to 64 years in Japan. Participants were recruited from a marketing research company's active survey panel of 5.24 million members. The survey included questions about health status, sociodemographic factors, psychological characteristics, and the use of IoT or apps for health management. We compared perceived health status and reasons for current IoT use using t tests and assessed participant characteristics that predicted IoT use using the C5.0 decision tree algorithm. Ethical approval was granted by St. Luke's International University. Among participants, 14.6% (1455/10,000) currently used IoT or apps, 7% (695/10,000) used them previously, and 78.5% (7850/10,000) had never used them. Current users (42.7 years old) were older than past users (39.7 years old). Discrepancies were observed between participants' perceived health problems and the purpose for using IoT or apps, with 21.3% (2130/10,000) of all women reporting they experienced menstrual symptoms or disorders but only 3.5% (347/10,000) used IoT or apps to manage the same symptom. On the other hand, current users were more likely to use IoT or apps to manage nutrition-related problems such as underweight or obesity (405/1455, 27.8%). Device use was highest among current users, with 87.3% (1270/1455) using smartphones, 19.7% (287/1455) using smartwatches, and 13.3% (194/1455) using PCs. Decision tree analysis identified 6 clusters, the largest consisting of 81.6% (5323/6523) of non-IoT users who did not exercise regularly, while pregnant women were more likely to use IoT or apps. Our findings highlight the idea that woman with particular health problems (ie, menstrual symptoms or disorders and premenstrual syndrome) have lower use of IoT or apps, suggesting an unmet need for IoT and apps in specific areas.

Association between nurses' personal, professional and work characteristics, and engagement in hospital-based clinical research.

The purpose of this study was to assess the associations between demographic, professional and other personal nurse characteristics, social support factors and comfort in conducting research with nurses' level of active participation in clinical research. A prospective, cross-sectional, correlational design was used. Clinical nurses working in a multihospital healthcare system were recruited by email to complete an anonymous survey that used multiple valid and reliable scales to assess demographic and professional work characteristics, curiosity, grit, locus of control, perceived social support (for research activities), comfort in conducting research, and level of being research-active. Univariate and multivariable analyses were completed. Of 310 participants, 274 (88.4%) were female and mean (SD) age was 42.9 (13.1) years. After condensing 11 levels of research activity to four categories, 179 (57.7%) were not research-active, and 91 (29.4%), 26 (8.3%) and 14 (4.5%) were engaged at low, moderate, and high levels, respectively. Of 78 factors, 69 (88.5%) were associated with being research-active in univariate analyses. In multivariable analysis that adjusted for age, personal experience as a patient, years as a nurse and hours in direct patient care, professionalism characteristics, higher curiosity, internal locus of control, grit perseverance, support of a nurse scientist and nurse friends, and comfort in conducting research remained associated with higher levels of being research-active (all p < 0.01). Research-active nurses were more likely to be engaged professionally in hospital-based activities beyond their work roles and displayed higher levels of positive psychological characteristics and mentorship that supported research capacity. Research-active nurses were more likely to have internal factors and external resources that promoted higher levels of being research-active. A strong professional governance model may enhance clinical nurses research activities.

The Rise of Otome Games in China: Exploring the Social and Psychological Traits of Otome Game Players

In recent times, the popularity of otome games in China has soared, with the genre becoming increasingly mainstream and witnessing the emergence of highly popular otome mobile games. In contrast, otome games have not received the same level of attention in Europe and America. Consequently, there are likely distinctions between Chinese otome game players and those in other countries. Despite this, scholarly research on Chinese otome game players is scarce. Existing studies often rely on singular theories, such as the Uses and Gratifications Theory or the Parasocial Interaction Theory, to analyze this demographic. To address this gap, this paper adopts a comprehensive approach, integrating both the Uses and Gratifications Theory and the Parasocial Interaction Theory. Utilizing a combination of survey and interview methodologies, the study investigates the social and psychological characteristics of Chinese otome game player groups based on media attributes.

Обучение чтению текстов экономического профиля китайских студентов на занятиях по русскому языку с учётом этнопсихологических особенностей обучающихся

The purpose of the study is to develop an algorithm for working with economic texts in a Chinese audience, taking into account the ethnopsychological characteristics of students in the formation of reading skills in Russian at the B2 level. To achieve this goal, the article examines such cognitive and psychological features of Chinese students as an imaginative type of thinking, a visual-motor type of memory, a high level of mnemonic abilities and a predisposition to perceive information in portions. Based on these features, the author suggests the stages of working with the text and the types of tasks suitable for this psychotype of students. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the algorithm for working with Russian economic texts is considered from the point of view of taking into account the ethnopsychological specifics of a particular contingent (in this case, Chinese). The result of the study was a number of practical recommendations aimed at optimizing and facilitating the process of working with texts in the specialty in the aspect of Russian as a foreign language in the Chinese audience.

Factors associated with chronic abdominal pain in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in remission: A pilot cross-sectional study.

Patients (20%-50%) with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) experience chronic abdominal pain during remission. The clinical features of IBD patients with abdominal pain during remission remain poorly characterized. This cross-sectional pilot study aimed to assess patient recruitment, adherence, and feedback to optimize questionnaires for future use and to determine the clinical features that distinguish IBD patients in remission with and without abdominal pain. Online validated questionnaires about disease activity, symptoms, and psychological factors were sent to participants of the UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) IBD BioResource, which is a national research platform consisting of re-callable IBD patients designed to expedite research into Crohn's and colitis. Inclusion/exclusion criteria of the IBD BioResource main cohort were applied. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to participants in remission. p-values ≤0.01 were considered significant. A total of 2050 patients were approached; 291 (14.2%) of these agreed to participate. In 35 patients, technical problems, length, and poor understanding of the relevance of some questionnaires affected completion as confirmed by feedback. In total, 244 patients were full responders with 122 (50%) in remission; 33 (27%) of these had chronic abdominal pain. Comparison of those with versus without (n = 89) chronic abdominal pain yielded higher scores in patients with pain for the following: somatization (p < 0.001); gastrointestinal symptoms rating scale score (p = <0.001); highly sensitive person scale (p = 0.007); catastrophizing score (p = 0.010). Trends were observed for azathioprine use (p = 0.021); coping resources inventory health in general (p = 0.046); neuroticism (p = 0.019); and poor sleep (p = 0.03). Differences in symptoms and psychological characteristics exist between IBD patients in remission with and without abdominal pain. Confirmation of findings in larger studies may facilitate development of personalized chronic pain treatments for IBD patients.

Influence of type of residence on social and psychological features of ethnic identity of residents of border regions

Influence of type of residence on social and psychological features of ethnic identity of residents of border regions

Peculiarities of the speech ways of responding to victims of sexual violence, taking into account internet communication

This article displays the results of a review of scientific research on the speech methods of responding to victims of sexual violence, taking into account Internet communication. When conducting the review, the results of scientific research from different countries of the world community were used to more fully describe the topic under study, taking into account the cultural and intercultural characteristics of different regions and countries. Emphasis was also placed on other factors influencing the way a victim of violence responds in speech format, such as individual and psychological characteristics, the factor of the context of the situation, and social factors. The consequences of the response of victims of sexual violence, such as the psychological state of the victim, and the consequences for subsequent social interaction are described in detail. After a review of the literature, conclusions and conclusions were drawn that characterize the importance of the research work carried out for use by professionals providing assistance to survivors of sexual violence.

A deep neural network approach for fake news detection using linguistic and psychological features

A deep neural network approach for fake news detection using linguistic and psychological features

PSYCHOLOGİCAL FEATURES OF SELF-REGULATİON MECHANİSMS İN STRESSFUL SİTUATİONS

The article is devoted to the study of the psychological characteristics of self-regulation mechanisms in students in stressful situations. In the article, the theoretical analysis and generalization of works related to the problem, a set of psychodiagnostic methods were used. The research base was the requirements of Odlar Yurdu University and various faculties of Baku State University. 135 second and third year students aged 18-23 participated in the study. A systematic approach was applied to the description and study of the research object for the reliability and validity of the research results. Mathematical methods were used for empirical data processing. Thus, according to the results of the correlation analysis, a relationship between stress resistance and self-regulation was found among the respondents. We see a negative relationship (r≤0.01) between stress resistance and self-regulation and one of its styles. This shows that there is a correlation between stress resistance, self-esteem and emotional stability and self-regulation. As self-regulation increases, the impact of stressful situations decreases. We believe that the present analysis can contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying successful and unsuccessful stress regulation. It should be taken into account that this will help prevent mental disorders and improve treatment.

Individuals with genetic high-risk for psychosis experience impaired coping styles compared with healthy controls.

Individuals with schizophrenia tend to have negative coping styles and low levels of self-esteem, but it is unclear whether coping styles and self-esteem levels are altered in people in the prodromal phase of psychosis. The study was designed to assess the role of coping style and self-esteem in the context of different phases of schizophrenia. Recurrent Schizophrenia (ReSch), first-episode schizophrenia patients (FEP), genetic-high risk for psychosis (GHR) patients, and healthy controls (HC) (40 per group) were subjected to in-person clinical interviews. The results of these interviews were then used to gauge coping style and self-esteem using the Coping Styles Questionnaire (CSQ) and the Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Data were analyzed through ANCOVAs and logistic regression analyses. The results found that positive coping style (CSQ problem-solving and CSQ seeking for help) generally decline with progression through the HC, GHR, and FEP groups, while negative coping style (CSQ fantasy, CSQ repression and CSQ self-blame) generally increase with progression through the HC, GHR, and FEP groups (except that GHR group was slightly lower than HC group in CSQ self-blame). Results for members of ReSch group were in line with those of members of the FEP group in coping style. At the level of self-esteem, the GHR group was similar to the HC group and significantly higher than the FEP group and the ReSch group. Logistic regression analyses indicated that GHR group patients exhibited increased negative coping styles (CSQ fantasy) relative to members of the HC group, but had greater Positive coping style (CSQ problem-solving) than did members of the FEP group. These findings suggest that both GHR individuals experience impaired negative coping styles which expands the understanding of the psychological characteristics of the prodromal group. Further explorations are warranted to develop optimal psychosocial interventions.

The growth of nursing professional values - A grounded theory.

The formation of nursing professional values is crucial to the development of the nursing profession, but it is influenced by various factors. The process of shaping nursing professional values in different growth contexts has been overlooked. In order to establish professional values in the context of Chinese nursing, it is necessary to investigate the evolution of nursing professional values throughout history. To develop a theory of professional values growth from a nursing context. Design: This study adopted a grounded theory approach from Strauss and Corbin. From November 2021 to March 2022, a total of 33 participants were included. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview over telephone or online or face to face and were analysed using open, axial, and selective coding, with the help of MAXQDA 2020. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the China Medical University. All participants signed the informed consent and agreed to be interviewed before the study. The study has developed a theoretical construct of nursing professional values growth that consists of five dimensions: key aspects, decisive opportunities, drivers, embodiment, and shaping outcomes. And key aspects include four subcategories (the initial stage, the consciousness stage, the core stage, and the action stage). Decisive opportunities come from organisations and individuals. Drivers consist of social culture and self-trait, and embodiment covers two subcategories (humanism and ethical emotions). The last dimension is shaping outcomes, which consists of three subcategories (maintaining the original intention, professionalism, and instilling professional values). The theory demonstrates the individual development process of nursing professional values in different interactive contexts, the context of its interaction with social and personal values is revealed, and the dynamics and mechanisms of the formation of personal psychological qualities in professional values from a nursing context are discovered. This theory reveals the mechanisms that shape nursing professional values and can provide guidance for the growth of nursing students' professional values.

Gender Psychological Characteristics in Phraseology: Dynamics of Meanings in the Newspaper Corpus

Gender Psychological Characteristics in Phraseology: Dynamics of Meanings in the Newspaper Corpus

New Indicator of Arterial Stiffness START-Is There a Prognostic Value of Its Dynamics in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease?

Patients with coronary artery disease (n = 196) whose START index was assessed before CABG and one year after surgery. Depending on the dynamics of the stiffness index, three groups of patients were identified: 1st-with a decrease in haSTART (n = 79, 40.3%), 2nd-without dynamics (n = 52, 26.5%), and 3rd. Patients were followed for 10 years, and groups were compared for all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke/transient ischemic attack, and a composite endpoint. In the group with an increase in the haSTART index, type D personality was identified more often (53.8%) than in the group without changes in haSTAR (26.9%) or with a decrease in the haSTAR index (34.2%) (p = 0.008). In the long-term follow-up period, death from all causes was significantly more common in the group with an increase in haSTART (33.9%) and in the group without changes in haSTART (23.1%) than in the group with a decrease in haSTART (11.4%, p = 0.005). Patients with an increase in haSTART more often had MACE (death, MI, stroke/TIA)-in 47.7% of cases (p = 0.01), compared with patients with a decrease in haSTART (in 24.1% of cases) and without change in haSTART (by 30.8%). Kaplan-Meier curves revealed better long-term survival rates in the group with a decrease in the haSTART index (p = 0.024). Multivariate analysis showed that a decrease in the haSTART index one year after CABG was associated with a decrease in mortality (HR 0.462; 95% CI 0.210-1.016; p = 0.055). The dynamics of the haSTART arterial stiffness index one year after CABG has prognostic significance in the long-term follow-up period. In addition, in the group with an increase in the haSTART index, personality type D is more common. Further studies need to study which interventions in patients with coronary artery disease can cause favorable dynamics in the haSTART index and to what extent psychological characteristics can influence these dynamics.