Development Of Production Systems Research Articles

Scenarios for the development of regional production and economic systems based on industrial parks

The article presents the results of research on the formation of strategic alternatives for the development of regional production and economic systems in industrial parks within the framework of the internal rating management mechanism. A generalized scheme of cognitive modeling is proposed, which is based on the synthesis of methods of cognitive analysis, principal components, expert analysis, econometric modeling, which makes it possible to increase the validity of the concepts of the cognitive model and scenarios for the development of regional production and economic systems in the system of industrial parks. The presented cognitive model makes it possible to develop scenarios for the implementation of strategic alternatives for the development of regional production and economic systems, evaluate their effectiveness, and choose the most appropriate development strategy for the current situation, ensuring their sustainable functioning in the system of industrial parks. Basic and alternative scenarios have been developed using the example of a regional production and economic system representative of a cluster of companies with crisis development, making it possible to identify the components of the development strategy that require adaptation to ensure the transition of the regional production and economic system representative to a higher cluster. Research data can be used by interested stakeholders: industrial parks, regional production and economic systems, regional authorities.

VENTING, REMOTE AIR SAMPLING AND MONITORING OF AIR QUALITY IN BLASTED MINING EXCAVATIONS: CURRENT PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

Objective: to analyze working conditions and safety of miners involved in mining excavations by drilling and blasting and to develop modern schemes and technical solutions to improve their standards. Methodology: comprehensive and detailed analytical studies of the current problems connected with occupational health and safety of personnel working specifically in lifting mine excavations of different purposes were carried out, on the basis of which the key tasks for their practical solution were defined. Results: The preliminary analysis and analytical studies have determined that the main and most acute problems requiring an urgent solution are connected with the ventilation of mine workings, and the need to improve the means of sampling and express-control of the quality of air from the bottom-hole zone of mines. According to the state standard “System of product development and launching into manufacture” (“DSTU 3974-2000”) the fundamentally new integral system of schemes and technical solutions (having no analogs) was developed. The system allows for efficiently and reliably solving the extremely complicated issues of ventilation, dust and gas removal, air quality sampling, and control (express analysis) of air composition in drilling and blasting mining excavations of different purposes (ore mining, ventilation, material-entry) to the height of 80-100 m. The developed equipment includes a multipurpose high-pressure ejector-type automatic dust collector ADC-1, designed for efficient ventilation of lifting workings and providing normal sanitary and hygienic working conditions for tunnelers while performing their work cycle, and for reliable neutralization of explosion products; the modernized device for remote control of air composition RCAC-20/80 ore-welding ventilation and material-entry from the bottom-hole zone of the lifting excavations. This process can be carried out both with the use of standard special indicator tubes with chemical reagents and with the use of modern electronic gas-measuring apparatuses (“Dräger-2500/5000” made in Germany or their analogs). Scientific novelty: the integration, i.e. bringing into a single system, of developed up-to-date technical solutions for effective ventilation, reliable dust and gas extraction, gas removal, and air quality sampling and control of air composition of the lifting workings by the drilling and blasting method.

Nonlinear mathematical model of an economic soliton

In modern conditions of economic transformation, the functioning and development of production systems is characterized by instability, nonlinearity and dynamism of the main indicators and parameters. The financial and production system is affected by a large number of market, inflationary, social and other disturbances, which leads to the losses in financial stability, a decrease in production volumes, a decrease in demand for manufactured products, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to have an effective management system and operational decision-making. The relevant direction for solving this problem is the development of a flexible intelligent control system that makes it possible to diagnose quickly the unfavorable state of the financial and production system and activate promptly the mechanisms that return the system to equilibrium. In this case, information becomes the main resource of management, which performs an integrating role and is a necessary component when using all other resources. All this predetermines the use of information technology management. With a high dynamism and instability of the external environment, it becomes necessary to apply the methods and approaches of the new science of management, concentrating its attention on the theory of complex systems and nonlinear dynamics, with the help of which complex control systems can cope effectively with uncertainty and rapid changes. The development and use of modern information technologies for enterprise management are based on the introduction of integrated information processing technology and the creation of mathematical methods and computer modeling tools. In the work of information technologies, management is implemented by creating an integrated intelligent computerized system based on the use of economic and mathematical methods, computer technology and communication means, i.e. implements a fundamentally new management platform, which is based on the integration of management information through a mechanism for generalizing the information database and knowledge.

Возможные последствия внедрения умных производственных систем «Умная фабрика» в период интеллектуализации среды обитания

Возможные последствия внедрения умных производственных систем «Умная фабрика» в период интеллектуализации среды обитания

КРУПНЕЙШИЕ ГОРОДА – РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ЦЕНТРЫ ИННОВАЦИОННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ

The article examines the existing approaches to the definition of the largest cities as regional centers of innovative and scientific development of territories. A study of foreign and domestic experience in the implementation of industrial changes based on spatial agglomeration was conducted, the main models of the implementation of industrial changes were identified, the largest cities – regional innovation centers at various stages of the development of the domestic economy (1989, 2019, 2021) were identified based on the analysis of the patent landscape. The authors formulate a conclusion about the decisive role of the largest cities as points of innovative, scientific and cultural growth in the evolutionary development of territorial production systems.

PROCESS DESIGN AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL SHEA BUTTER PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA

The promotion of agricultural diversification emerges as a critical component of broader strategies aimed at mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and fostering the development of sustainable production systems. Nigeria stands out as a significant exporter of shea butter, which play a vital contribution to poverty alleviation, particularly in rural areas through creation of opportunities for participation of local women in the shea butter industry using local technologies in sheanuts pre-processing, roasting, grinding, oil extraction and refining. However, this production route is said to be severely affecting the final product yield and quality in addition to possible significant impacts on the environment. Evaluation of this production pathway is necessary for identification of areas of resource inefficiency, such as excessive utility (water, energy) consumption, implementation of more efficient and eco-friendly production processes. This study presents a process design and economic analysis of the local technology for shea butter production using advanced process simulation software (Aspen Plus ® V11) and Aspen economic analyser following 1 st quarter 2018 price basis. The simulation result showed that nearly 230 kg/day shea butter could be produced from 1 tonne shea fruit, which translate to only about 23 wt%. Pulp, shell and cake representing waste streams account for approximately 70 wt%. Utility analysis revealed daily water footprint of 585kg and 500 kJ heating requirement/day with carbon emission of 63 kgCO 2. The economic evaluations of the entire process plant showed that the traditional technology requires approximately $1.70M capital cost and $0.066M operating cost/year for 25-year economic life of the project with net present value of $158M. This study suggests that the local shea butter production technology is profitable with a payback period of 7years. However, the technology generates huge amount of waste streams and have negative impact on the environment. Consequently, there is need to adopt best practices in the shea butter processing that will generate more income and promote environmental sustainability.

Planning and Multi-Objective Optimization of Production Systems by means of Assembly Line Balancing

The ever-shorter time to market demanded by customers and an increasing number of variants lead to high-frequency product development and production system planning cycles. This article therefore presents an approach that aims at increasing efficiency in the repetitive planning of variant-specific assembly systems. Compared to the state-of-the-art manual, document-based planning prevailing in industry, formal optimization methods have the potential of considering multiple optimization criteria. This article therefore proposes an approach for assigning individual process steps to stations for a given customer cycle time while minimizing the number of stations as well as optimizing additional criteria such as increasing the production system flexibility, achieving good ergonomics or reducing the deviation within provided tolerances. The solution space of the optimization is constrained by the mathematical modeling of a limited number of stations. The operations research (OR) model developed for this purpose considers given assembly precedence graphs as an input and includes variables, parameters, objective function and constraints. Especially the latter considers the process precedence relations in terms of the Assembly Line Balancing (ALB) problem as well as a divisibility of process steps. The approach is applied to the variant-specific planning of a highly automated welding assembly in the automotive supplier industry as use case. The results show its applicability and potential in reducing planning time.

The Impact of Sustainable Development and Reliability on the Performance of Russian Enterprises in the Context of an Economic Fragmentation

Modern waves of crises associated with the pandemic and geopolitical tensions threaten the achievement of sustainable development goals and stimulate a rethinking of the essence and role of operational reliability in achieving the balanced development of organizations. The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of sustainable development practices and ensuring the reliability of enterprise functioning on the performance of Russian industrial enterprises in the context of the observed fragmentation of the world economy associated with deglobalization trends, increased sanctions pressure and disruptions in supply chains in developed and developing countries. The methodological basis of the study was the concepts of green economy and the development of production systems associated with frugality and reliability. Factor analysis and linear regression were chosen as research methods to assess individual variables of greening production, lean production and operational reliability as aspects of sustainable development of Russian industrial enterprises. The empirical basis was based on data from a survey of 225 employees of metallurgical and mechanical engineering enterprises in the Sverdlovsk region, conducted at the beginning of 2023. The structured questionnaire developed by the authors made it possible to identify various aspects of sustainable development and reliability. Based on the results of factor analysis, a number of heterogeneous theoretical constructs in the field of frugality, green economy, enterprise reliability and their operational performance were identified and confirmed. Regression analysis showed that, on the one hand, the practices of frugality and reliability have a positive effect on the operational performance of industrial enterprises in the region, which confirms the need to reduce implicit costs while ensuring a sufficient level of reliability; on the other hand, adhering to the principles of the green economy has a negative impact on the operational performance of industrial enterprises in the short term. The inconsistency of the results obtained regarding the environmental aspect of sustainable development does not mean a refusal to achieve the goals of a green economy, but indicates the need to revise investment policies and development strategies in the context of economic fragmentation, taking into account the characteristics of the development of industrial enterprises.

МОДЕЛЬ ЦИФРОВОЙ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ДЛЯ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКОЙ ОТРАСЛИ

The article discusses the concept of digital transformation of pharmaceutical industries, which is based on a generalization of existing theoretical models of digital transformation, such as the Digital Maturity Assured Framework (DMF), as well as the Model of structuring elements of digital business transformation by George Westerman, Didier Bonnet and Andrew McAfee. Digital transformation is currently a necessary condition for the development of production systems and increasing the competitiveness of products. Global competition and the influence of external economic factors lead to a transition from mass production to flexible production systems operating on the basis of the concept of personalized medicine, only Industry 4.0 digital technologies capable of supporting the production of a drug at all stages of the life cycle can be the answer to this challenge. Based on the theoretical analysis, a three-phase model of digital transformation was formed, which was further substantiated by practical analytical data from pharmaceutical enterprises in the Russian Federation. This model includes three phases: engineering design (Phase I), associated with the development and implementation of engineering projects, technical and technological transformation (phase II), which involves the accumulation of technological potential through investment in intellectual production factors, after which the final stage begins digital transformation (phase III), associated with the active development of digital tools and the increasing role of information technology in production.

(Cost-)efficient production of wearables – from low volumes to upscaled manufacturing

Lohmann GmbH & Co. KG (Neuwied, Germany) has developed a holistic and scalable converting process for wearables and established a wearables product development system to ensure “made for production” requirements.

ELABORATION AND RESEARCH OF A MODEL OF OPTIMAL PRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL SYSTEMS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE USE OF THE EXTERNAL RESOURCES

The problem of optimization of investment projects related to the development of modern production systems is considered. The tasks of managing of operation and development of production systems considering external resources – the synthesis and analysis of optimal credit strategies – are posed and solved. An analysis of analogs – solutions of the variational problem of optimal development, the disadvantage of which is the difficulty of obtaining information about the state of production and the external environment, was carried out. The new solution is based on the resource approach, when external resources are taken into account in the cost of production resources. A generalized model of optimal development is used, in which the planned period of the investment project is divided into intervals. At the beginning of each interval, the optimal development strategy is adjusted taking into account the clarification of information about the future state of the active environment: actions of competitors, consumers, world markets. To determine the optimal amount and optimal distribution of credits between subsystems, the maxima of the criterion – the parameterized function of the system's efficiency – are determined at each interval. A new model has been developed based on the model of optimal development, which takes into account the use of external resources, such as loans. The method of including an external resource in the development function and the production function is considered. Examples of modeling are given.

Implementation of Al-Ijarah Al-Maushufah Fi Al-Dzimmah Acad at Indonesian Sharia Bank

This study aims to determine the inhibiting factors for the implementation of the Ijarah Maushufah Fi Dzimmah contract in Islamic banks, especially in the city of Makassar. This study uses a literature study research method, with research data collected through books, articles, journals, and interviews and then analyzed by descriptive methods. A descriptive method is used to describe and explain the opinions of fiqh scholars about the Ijarah Maushufah Fi Dzimmah contract in Islamic law, as well as describe the results of the analysis of Islamic banking records and documents to determine the inhibiting factors for the implementation of the Maushufah Fi Dzimmah ijarah contract at the Makassar City Sharia Bank by conducting personal interviews. with banking practitioners in the marketing division of financing at Bank BNI Syariah, Bank BTN Syariah, and Bank Muamalat. The results showed that the inhibiting factors for the implementation of the Maushufah Fi Dzimmah contract include: (1) the absence of standard regulations from the government (OJK and BI) regarding the implementation of the Maushufah Fi Dzimmah contract; and (2) the methods of implementing the product development process and system transformation that have been implemented run by Islamic banks is still difficult; (3) lack of knowledge of Islamic bank practitioners on Al-Ijarah Al-Maushufah Fi Dzimmah contracts; (4) Islamic banking financing is dominated by murabahah contracts; and (5) low public interest in Ijarah-based products.

Bakuchiol and Ethyl (Linoleate/Oleate) Synergistically Modulate Endocannabinoid Tone in Keratinocytes and Repress Inflammatory Pathway mRNAs

The endocannabinoid (eCB) system plays an active role in epidermal homeostasis. Phytocannabinoids such as cannabidiol modulate this system but also act through eCB-independent mechanisms. This study evaluated the effects of cannabidiol, bakuchiol (BAK), and ethyl (linoleate/oleate) (ELN) in keratinocytes and reconstituted human epidermis. Molecular docking simulations showed that each compound binds the active site of the eCB carrier FABP5. However, BAK and ethyl linoleate bound this site with the highest affinity when combined 1:1 (w/w), and invitro assays showed that BAK+ ELN most effectively inhibited FABP5 and fatty acid amide hydrolase. In TNF-stimulated keratinocytes, BAK+ ELN reversed TNF-induced expression shifts and uniquely downregulated type I IFN genes and PTGS2 (COX2). BAK+ ELN also repressed expression of genes linked to keratinocyte differentiation but upregulated those associated with proliferation. Finally, BAK+ ELN inhibited cortisol secretion in reconstituted human epidermis skin (not observed with cannabidiol). These results support a model in which BAK and ELN synergistically interact to inhibit eCB degradation, favoring eCB mobilization and inhibition of downstream inflammatory mediators (e.g., TNF, COX-2, type I IFN). A topical combination of these ingredients may thus enhance cutaneous eCB tone or potentiate other modulators, suggesting novel ways to modulate the eCB system for innovative skincare product development.

Participatory Assessment of Potato Production Systems and Cultivar Development in Rwanda

Potato cultivars grown in Rwanda are very old, low yielding and not amenable to food processing. High yielding and late blight tolerant cultivars for this country should be evaluated at different agro-ecozones prior to releasing them to farmers, who are yet to be integrated into potato breeding. The objectives of this study were to assess farmers’ preferred traits in potato cultivars and to gather knowledge from farmers about potato clones bred in Rwanda. Four respondents per village in 36 villages each for the districts of Musanze, Burera and Nyamagabe participated in the survey, whose questionnaire was about farm size, gender balance, land allocated to potatoes and other main crops, potato “seed” sourcing, potato production constraints and most important potato attributes. Potato was rated as the most important food and cash crop. ‘Kirundo’, ‘Cruza’, ‘Mabondo’ and ‘Victoria’ were the most popular cultivars. Among them, Mabondo’ was the most resistant to the oomycete Phytophthora infestans causing late blight. Potato production in Rwanda is limited by lack of improved cultivars, high temperature, drought, acidic soil, pathogens, insects, weeds, inadequate storage of tubers as planting material, post-harvest technology, low market price of tubers at harvest, lack of access to credit, climate change, and gaps such as inadequate fertilizer and fungicide applications. The most important cultivar attributes were high tuber yield, host plant resistance and high specific gravity or dry matter.

MASS HOUSING IN UKRAINE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY

The housing issue is rightly considered one of the most acute problems of humankind. It is generated by social causes and has a social meaning. The housing issue cannot be solved with purely technical, architectural or artistic approaches. Rather, it also depends significantly on economic, political and environmental circumstances. At different times, the nature of the living environment was formed under the influence of social order, the level of development of productive forces, household and economic systems, and other factors. In the second half of the 20th century, following standard designs, Ukrainian cities mostly consisted of four- and five-story residential buildings in new residential areas. As a result, the living environment of many cities in the country acquired a common and rather modest appearance, dominated by concrete construction. At that time, this was the most effective way of mass housing construction. New technologies and design solutions were used. Such housing was cheap and purposefully met the social standards at the time. In addition, for the owners of such housing, it meant a new higher level of comfort. This publication focusses on housing construction in the second half of the 20th century in Ukraine after 1956. It is important to identify the quality of such housing and its compliance with modern requirements. Methods of systematization of historiographical materials, comparative and historical analysis, and field surveys were used to achieve the aim. Among the main achievements are the comfortable density of residential areas and fast construction times. The disadvantages of this period’s mass housing construction are related to missing maintenance, ongoing destruction, often complex ownership situations and the challenge to adapt each building to current needs and regulations.

Composite materials for innovative urban farming of alternative food sources (macroalgae and crickets)

Facing an inexorable growth of the human population along with substantial environmental changes, the assurance of food security is a major challenge of the present century. To ensure responsible food consumption and production (SDG 12), new approaches in the food system are required. Thus, environmentally controlled, sustainable production of alternative food sources are of key interest for both urban agriculture and food research. To face the current challenge of integrating food production systems within existing structures, multidisciplinary discourses are required. Here, we bring together novel technologies and indoor farming techniques with the aim of supporting the development of sustainable food production systems. For this purpose, we investigated the feasibility of 10 composite materials for their innovative use as structural support in macroalgal cultivation (settlement substrates) and cricket rearing (housing). Considering material resistance, rigidity, and direct material-organism interactions, the bio-based composite polylactic acid (PLA) was identified as a suitable material for joint farming. For macroalgae cultivation, PLA sustained the corrosive cultivation conditions and provided a suitable substrate without affecting the macroalgal physiology or nutritional composition (carotenoids and chlorophylls). For cricket rearing, PLA provided a suitable and recyclable shelter, which was quickly accepted by the animals without any observed harm. In contrast, other common composite components like phenolic resin or aramid were found to be unsuitable due to being harmful for the cultivated organisms or instable toward the applied sterilization procedure. This multidisciplinary study not only provides profound insights in the developing field of urban indoor food production from a new perspective, but also bridges material science and farming approaches to develop new sustainable and resilient food production systems.

КРИЗА ЯК ДЖЕРЕЛО ІННОВАЦІЙ У ВИРОБНИЧО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ СИСТЕМАХ

The article is devoted to the study of the mutual influence of crises and innovationsin production and economic systems, in particular transport. It is shown that crises constantly accompany economic activity and, first, are manifested in a decrease in production volumes, deterioration of key indicators of financial and economic activity and provoke the emergence of various types of deficit conditions or interruptions in the functioning of enterprises. The withdrawal of the production and economic system from the crisis is possible due to changes in the economic process due to the creationand implementation of innovations.The change of approaches to the scientific understanding of the impact of crises on the development of production and economic systems is considered. A critical analysis of two classifications of crises (unexpected (random) and expected (regular), managed and unmanaged) is performed. An analysis of the crises in Ukraine, the "gasoline crisis", and the war as a manifestation of the crisis is carried out. It is shown that the way out of the crisis requires appropriate managerial decisions, which must be innovative in nature. They can be, firstly, organizational, and economic, technical, technological, managerial, etc., and secondly, timely.The gradual exhaustion of the potential of any idea and the innovation based on it isan objective process and is caused by moral wear. This determines the need to reserve funds from current income to prevent crises, to look for other sources of financing innovations and to constantly be concerned with the birth of new ideas for the development of theenterprise. A model definition of the term of the onset of the limit of the effectiveness of the innovation is proposed for forecasting the next crises.The relationship between crisis phenomena and innovations in the transport sector is considered, and the manifestations of the crisis state in the functioning of various types of transport are highlighted. Anti-crisis management measures are proposed, namely forecasting of crisis situations and adaptive management, prevention of technological backwardness and development of innovative solutions, ensuring technological novelty and efficiency of innovations both in the national economy as a whole and in transport.

Intelligent technologies in the development of cyber-physical production systems

The tasks, the solution of which plays the most significant role in the development of cyber-physical production systems, are identified. The influence of the features of the production of high-tech products on the choice of ways to solve these problems is shown. An approach to solving problems of monitoring, measurement, modeling and technological process control based on one of the directions of artificial intelligence - the theory of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic is considered. Intelligent technologies for measuring and modeling technological process parameters are described. The model allows to predict the quality of the manufactured product based on the current state of the process, to solve questions about the expediency of adjusting operations, to choose adequate management. As a result, the efficiency of the cyber-physical production system is provided in changing conditions.

PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK DAN DIGITALISASI PEMASARAN PADA USAHA KECIL OBAT TRADISIONAL (UKOT) PJ PUCUK SIRIH ASAL BANJARMASIN

South Kalimantan is a wetland area that has a high level of biodiversity, both plants and animals, which can be used as raw materials for herbal products. The herbal medicine company Pucuk Sirih is a Traditional Medicine Small Business which is located in selling various herbal products. PJ Pucuk Sirih wants to develop and innovate products, packaging and marketing systems because since the first production there has been no change in product, packaging and marketing system development. The new product formula, namely Harbumin Capsules (haruan fish capsules) has not yet produced good product quality, this is indicated by the wet capsule products after the production process so it is necessary to evaluate the product formula. The purpose of this community service is to provide training on production and packaging methods in accordance with CPOTB, evaluate the Harbumin capsule formula, produce a digitalized marketing system with website development. The result of the activity is that the production team gains knowledge regarding good production and packaging methods, the results of the evaluation of Harbumin capsule products show that the capsules have met the requirements, the marketing and sales system has been digitized and can be obtained online.

Integrating Occupational Health and Safety Risk and Production Economics for Sustainable SME Growth

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the manufacturing industry normally arise as a result of product innovations. Transiting and growing into large organizations is a critical process for the sustainable growth of SMEs, and this requires developing appropriate production systems. Such development focuses on production economics and the optimization of facility layout, production capacity, and machine utilization. These optimizations are usually achieved using discrete event simulation (DES). However, the DES primarily focuses on production optimization and is not formulated to give concurrent attention to occupational health and safety risks, where the workers’ occupational health and safety are also important to production systems; hence, sustainability issues arise. Until now, the production economics and workers’ health and safety are usually treated separately, and the health and safety aspects are often managed after the system has been developed. This brings increasing hazards in the production environment since adding new facilities to the system may introduce new hazards and cause further safety issues. The present paper proposes a methodology to solve the above concerns. Its key features are the use of a quality-of-life metric for determining the occupational health and safety risks of a particular work activity and the embedding thereof as a routine in DES for manufacturing plant simulation. One of the contributions of the proposed integration method is that it helps to enhance the development of production systems that support financial due diligence, as well as occupational health and safety (OHS) due diligence. This is particularly important to SMEs in the manufacturing industries, where growth comes with particular sustainability challenges related to the need to develop more systematic operational and safety management systems.