КРИЗА ЯК ДЖЕРЕЛО ІННОВАЦІЙ У ВИРОБНИЧО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ СИСТЕМАХ

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the mutual influence of crises and innovationsin production and economic systems, in particular transport. It is shown that crises constantly accompany economic activity and, first, are manifested in a decrease in production volumes, deterioration of key indicators of financial and economic activity and provoke the emergence of various types of deficit conditions or interruptions in the functioning of enterprises. The withdrawal of the production and economic system from the crisis is possible due to changes in the economic process due to the creationand implementation of innovations.The change of approaches to the scientific understanding of the impact of crises on the development of production and economic systems is considered. A critical analysis of two classifications of crises (unexpected (random) and expected (regular), managed and unmanaged) is performed. An analysis of the crises in Ukraine, the "gasoline crisis", and the war as a manifestation of the crisis is carried out. It is shown that the way out of the crisis requires appropriate managerial decisions, which must be innovative in nature. They can be, firstly, organizational, and economic, technical, technological, managerial, etc., and secondly, timely.The gradual exhaustion of the potential of any idea and the innovation based on it isan objective process and is caused by moral wear. This determines the need to reserve funds from current income to prevent crises, to look for other sources of financing innovations and to constantly be concerned with the birth of new ideas for the development of theenterprise. A model definition of the term of the onset of the limit of the effectiveness of the innovation is proposed for forecasting the next crises.The relationship between crisis phenomena and innovations in the transport sector is considered, and the manifestations of the crisis state in the functioning of various types of transport are highlighted. Anti-crisis management measures are proposed, namely forecasting of crisis situations and adaptive management, prevention of technological backwardness and development of innovative solutions, ensuring technological novelty and efficiency of innovations both in the national economy as a whole and in transport.