Pre-sowing Treatment Of Seeds Research Articles

Protection of soybean plants from phytophages under conditions of the Primorsky Territory

The effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds and application of biorational insecticides in reducing the number of major pests of soybean in the conditions of the Primorsky Territory have been studied. The results of using insecticides and biopreparations to regulate the number of dominant pests of soybean have been presented. The studies were conducted in 2020 and 2021. The efficiency of insecticidal protectants Imidor Pro, SC (2 l/t) and Tabu, WSC (1.0 l/t), bioinsecticides Fitoverm, EC (0, 16 l/ha), Proclaim, WSG (0.3 kg/ha), Batsikol, L (15 l/ha), Biosleep BW, L (2 l/ha), Biosleep BT, P (2 kg/ha) against two-striped leaf beetle (Medythia nigrobilineatus Motsch.) and soybean pod borer (Leguminivora glycinivorella Mats.) were studied. Pre-sowing seed treatment with insecticides Imidor Pro and Tabu reduced damage of soybean plants in the sprouting phase by Medythia nigrobilineatus beetles compared to the control by 94.0–98.2%. Seed dressing with imidacloprid-based preparations provided effective protection of crops against the pest in the sprouting – branching phase. Biorational insecticides based on avermectin C and Bacillus thuringiensis showed high biological efficacy (71.1–98.8%) on the 5–10th day after treatment against the two-striped leaf beetle. Soybean seed damage when bioinsecticides were used against Leguminivora glycinivorella was 1.9–3.0% compared to 5.6% in the control. The conducted studies testify to the prospect of using the preparations of biological origin to control the number of dominant pests in soybean crops.

Biostimulatory Impacts of Seed Priming through Botanical Extracts on Crop Production: A Critical Review

Rapid human population increase, food scarcity, and climate change are some of the global challenges in the current scenario. Among these, climate change adversely impacts crop production by creating abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and metal toxicity. Seed emergence, the critical stage in crop development, is highly vulnerable to these abiotic stresses. Therefore, short-term approaches to increase seed germination and the initial growth of plants were investigated in advance as a solution. Seed priming is indeed a pre-sowing treatment of seeds. It is a technique used to enhance the germination and early growth of seeds by exposing them to controlled hydration and sometimes other treatments before planting. Seed priming considered a low-cost, eco-friendly, and sustainable technique to promote seed germination and the initial growth of plants. Though various priming methods are available, this review discusses only botanical extracts (both seaweed and plant extracts) used as priming agents in seed priming. Among the seaweed extracts, green and brown algae species such as Ascophyllum nodosum, Sargassum spp., and Ulva spp. enhanced the crop performances even under stress conditions. In addition, leaf extracts derived from drumstick (Moringa oleifera) and neem (Azadirachta indica) are widely used to increase the crop production under stress and non-stress environments. Furthermore, in this review discussed about priming mechanism, different extraction methods and bioextracts behavior under diverse agroecosystems are discussed in detail.

THE EFFECT OF MYCORIZATION OF SEED AND SOIL BIOFERTILIZER ON THE FORMATION OF INDIVIDUAL PRODUCTIVITY OF SOYBEAN PLANTS

This article presents the results of field research on the effect of seed treatment with the Mycofriend mycorrhizal biopreparation and the use of Groundfix soil biological fertilizer in pre-sowing cultivation, under different rates of mineral fertilization, on the formation of elements of individual plant productivity, namely the number of beans per plant, the number of grains per plant, mass grains from one plant and the mass of 1000 grains. The early ripening soybean variety of the Ukrainian selection Diadema Podillya was used for the study. The research was carried out during 2017-2021 at the research field of the "Agronomichne" research center of the VNAU. On the basis of the received data of the five-year cycle of field research, it was established that on the gray forest soils of the Right-bank forest-steppe, the most optimal conditions for the growth processes and development of soybean plants, and as a result of the formation of high individual productivity, are made under the conditions of applying mineral fertilizers in the norm of N60P60K60, soil biological Graunfix fertilizers (5 l/ha) and pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the mycorrhizal preparation Mycofriend (1,5 l/t). Under these conditions, the maximum number of beans per plant was obtained in the experiment, 27,2 pcs. (19,3 pcs. on the control), the number of grains per plant is 47,2 pcs. (37,5 pcs. on the control), the weight of grains from the plant is 7,6 g (5,43 g on the control) and the weight of 1000 grains is 160,9 g (145,1 g on the control). It should be noted that the variant of the experiment, which involved the application of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N45P45K45, the application of Groundfix at the rate of 5 l/ha and the treatment of seeds with the mycorrhizal preparation Mycofriend (1.5 l/t) ensured the formation of indicators of individual plant productivity at the same level as the variant with the introduction of only mineral fertilizers at the rate of N60P60K60, and in some cases even exceeded it. At the same time, the number of beans per plant was 22,0 pcs., the number of grains per plant was 41,3 pcs., the weight of grains per plant was 6,32 g, and the weight of 1000 grains was 153,4 g.

Sol-Gel-Derived Functional Coatings for Pre-Sowing Seed Treatment

The superatomic structure of film-forming sols obtained by the acid hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in an aqueous medium (free of organic solvents) was studied using the SAXS method. The formation of nanoparticles (NPs) was confirmed in alcohol-free silica sols with both a low (1 vol. %) content of TEOS and a high (10 vol. %) content of TEOS, hydrolyzed in an aqueous-alcoholic medium. A trimodal size distribution was revealed for the resulting NPs, with radii ranging from less than 1 nm to ~11 nm. The volume fraction of NPs tends to grow with increases in TEOS concentration, as well as with the introduction of magnetic NPs of iron oxides into silica sols. The synthesized silica sols and suspensions based on silica sols with FexOy NPs were used for the pre-sowing treatment of white and cauliflower cabbage seeds in order to provide a functional coating on their surfaces, thereby improving seed germination, stimulating their growth in the early stages of development, and suppressing the effect of phytopathogens. The effect of the pre-sowing seed treatment in sol-gel compositions on seed germination and the growth characteristics of plant seedlings is analyzed, including the influence of iron-oxide magnetic NPs’ compositions and concentrations in silica sols.

Peculiarities of soybean-rhizobial systems subject to different levels of water supply fol-lowing treatment with succinic acid and epibrassinolide

All around the world, one of the leading – according to area of cultivated fields – oleic crops is soybean, which has a high demand for moisture. Given the significance of this crop and negative impact of drought on its yield, integrated research of the influence of insufficient water supply on the intensity of physiological-biochemical processes in those plants is necessary for identifying and understanding the drought-tolerance mechanisms of soybean, as well as symbiotic systems created with its participation, and also for search for ways to adapt it to this stressor. Therefore, our objective was determining the specifics of formation and functioning of the symbiotic systems of soybean and Bradyrhizobium japonicum, following treatment with succinic acid (0.01 g/L) and 24-epibrassinolide (0.00001 g/L), subject to different levels of watering. Our studies revealed that pre-sowing treatment of the seeds with a solution of 24-epibrassinolide with their subsequent inoculation with B. japonicum Т21-2 resulted in the most pronounced stimulation of formation and functioning of the symbiotic systems of soybean in the optimal growing conditions. At the same time, during water shortage, the intensity of nitrogen fixation was the highest in the plants grown from seeds that had been successively treated with the acid and the inoculant. We confirmed that water deficit led to significant increase in the overall content of phytohormones of cytokinin nature in the soybean root nodules, depending on the way the seeds were treated. However, the largest pool of cytokinins was seen in the plants that had been treated with succinic acid against the background of both optimal and insufficient water supply. Treatment of the seeds with 24-epibrassinolide caused significant excess of content of zeatin riboside over the content of zeatin during the flowering stage, whereas in the stage of pods formation it led to an opposite effect – excess of zeatin over zeatin riboside. Fourteen days-long water deficit decreased the content of chlorophylls in the leaves and grain productivity of the plants of all variants of the experiment. The use of growth regulators managed to alleviate the negative impact of stress and protect the pigment complex from ruination. Treatment of the seeds with solutions of succinic acid and 24-epibrassinolide provided the growth of soybean grain productivity regardless on water-supply level. The most efficient was 24-epibrassinolide. Therefore, use of 24-epibrassinolide for pre-sowing treatment of the soybean seeds provided formation of effective symbiotic systems with high nitrogen-fixing activity and caused a number of specific changes in the pattern of accumulation of free and complex forms of cytokinins in the root nodules of those plants. At the same time, the treatment provided the highest concentration of photosynthesis pigments in the soybean leaves, and as a result produced the greatest increase in grain productivity of plants of all the variants, regardless of levels of water supply. In turn, use of succinic acid produced the highest level of nitrogen-fixing activity in the case of the lowest number of root nodules in the conditions of insufficient water supply, and also caused significant accumulation of cytokinins in the nodules, compared with other studied variants against the background of both optimal and insufficient water supply. Therefore, it did result in increase in soybean grain productivity, but this was lower than in the plants treated with 24-epibrassinolide.

INFLUENCE OF PRE-SOWING SEED TREATMENT WITH BIOPREPARATIONS ON THE YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST STEPPE

Pre-sowing seed treatment is one of the elements of crop cultivation technology and is widely used in grain production in the Vinnytsia region. The article presents the three-year results of the influence of preparations of different composition, which are used for seed treatment, on the yield and structure of the winter wheat crop. To establish a field experiment at the research site of the research farm "Agronomichne" VNAU village. Agronomic Vinnytsia district, seeds of the medium-ripening variety Skagen were treated with the following biological preparations: "Avicena, SE" in a dose of 0,4 l/t, "Azotophyt-r" – 0,8 l/t, "Organic balance" - 1 l/t, "Help Rost" – 1 l/t, a combination of growth regulator and poisoner "Azotophyt" – 0,8 l/t + "Avicena SE" – 0,4 l/t, "Organic balance" – 1 l/t + "Avicena, SE" – 0,4 l/t and "Help Rost" – 1 l/t + "Avicena, SE" – 0,4 l/t. In the course of the research, the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with poison and growth regulators on the index of productive tillering, which in the control variant was 1,8 stems/plant, was noted. When used for pre-sowing seed inoculation of biopreparations Azotophyt and Organic balance, productive tillering was 2.1 stems/plant, which was 0,3 stems/plant more than the data obtained on the control variant without treatment. A similar result was observed in the variant that involved sowing seeds treated with the combination of Organic Balance + Avicena, SE. The pre-sowing treatment of Skagen winter wheat seeds with biological preparations, a poison and their combined use had a positive effect on the elements of the crop structure. The number of grains from a plant in the options that provided for the treatment of seeds with biopreparations Azotophyt-r, Organic Balance and Help Rost was on average 34,5-35,3 pcs., which is 1,4-2,3 pcs. exceeded this indicator in the control. The highest yield of the crop - 6.18 t/ha was recorded with the combined pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds with a mixture of Organic Balance (1 l/t) + Avicen, SE (0,4 l/t). Compared to the control option, the increase in grain yield was 1,12 t/ha, and the conditional net profit was UAH 8,866, with a profitability level of 40,2%.

FORMATION OF THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY OF SOYBEAN CROPS UNDER A BIOLOGIZED FOOD SYSTEM

The process of photosynthesis and the intensity of its work are the basis of the formation of productivity and the level of productivity of agrophytocenoses of agricultural crops, including soybeans. One of the main tasks of modern intensive cultivation technologies is the creation of optimal conditions for the development of the assimilation surface, its long-term operation and the maximum accumulation of organic matter by plants. This scientific article presents the results of field research on the impact of biological preparations of different mechanisms of action created on the basis of phosphorus and potassium mobilizing and mycorrhizal forming bacteria on the photosynthetic productivity of soybean crops at different levels of mineral fertilization, namely on the dynamics of the leaf surface area, the formation of the photosynthetic potential of crops and net productivity of photosynthesis. Field research was conducted on gray forest medium-loamy soils at the experimental field of the Agronomic Research Field of VNAU during 2017-2021. According to the results of the research and the processing of the obtained data, it was established that the use of Groundfix soil biofertilizer at the rate of 5 l/ha during the pre-sowing cultivation period and the pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the biological preparation Micofrend at the rate of 1,5 l/t against the background of complete mineral fertilization ensured the formation of the maximum in the experiment the area of the assimilation surface was 40,4 thousand m2/ha, which exceeded the control by 11,6 thousand m2/ha. In addition, based on the calculations, it was found that this version of fertilizer provided the formation of the highest photosynthetic potential in the experiment at the level of 3,153 million m2 days/ha, and the net productivity of photosynthesis, which, depending on the interphase period, was 5,44, 2,16, 1,76, 2,53 and 1,34 g/m2 per day. The article also provides the results of correlation calculations of the closeness of the connection between the area of the leaf surface, the amount of accumulated dry matter and the level of productivity.

Portable Technology for Obtaining Plasma-Activated Water to Stimulate the Growth of Spruce and Strawberry Plants

A method for stimulating the growth of spruce and strawberry in the early phases of development is proposed. A technology for obtaining plasma-activated water (PAW) with the help of a glow discharge plasma generator was developed. The method is proposed for increasing the shelf life of PAW by adding an aqueous colloid of polyvinylpyrralidone (PVP) polymer. It is shown that after treatment with a PAW + PVP mixture, the seeds have a higher percentage of germination, the plants develop faster in the early stages, and they are more viable. At the physicochemical level, after seed treatment with PAW + PVP, higher rates of metabolite outflow from seeds are observed. At the biological level, seed treatment with PAW + PVP leads to a slight decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and a higher content of chlorophylls in the leaves, and a slightly higher assimilation rate is observed. In the leaves, there is higher content of the growth hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), whereas the content of the growth-inhibiting hormone abscisic acid decreases. The use of a stimulating drug based on the composition of an aqueous solution activated by plasma and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PAW + PVP) polymer can be an effective means of a single pre-sowing treatment of spruce seeds in solving the problem of reforestation and strawberry during plant propagation.

ВПЛИВ ПЕРЕДПОСІВНОЇ ОБРОБКИ НАСІННЯ МЕТАБОЛІЧНО АКТИВНИМИ РЕЧОВИНАМИ НА КІЛЬКІСНІ ТА ЯКІСНІ ПОКАЗНИКИ ВРОЖАЮ КОРЕНЕПЛОДІВ МОРКВИ СОРТУ НАНТСЬКА

The development of agriculture necessitates the adoption of new and effective methods to increase yields and enhance product quality. Obtaining high-quality agricultural products is becoming increasingly challenging due to climate variations, soil depletion, and decreasing arable land. These factors underscore the need to explore additional technologies that can enhance the cultivation of crops to meet the demand for quality produce. Pre-sowing seed treatment with metabolically active substances represents one such promising technology.
 The objective of our study was to investigate the impact of metabolically active substances and their combinations on the processes of yield formation and the quality of carrots from the Nantska seed variety. The following substances were used for pre-sowing treatment of carrot seeds: vitamin E, ubiquinone-10, paraoxybenzoic acid (POBA), methionine, and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4).
 Our findings revealed a positive influence of metabolically active compounds on various parameters, including root length, thickness, average root mass, and sugar content in the carrots. The combination of substances, specifically vitamin E + POBA + methionine + MgSO4, exhibited the most significant effect on root length throughout the growth period, surpassing control measurements by 5.23 % to 14.5 1%, depending on the stage of the study. All tested compounds, except for the vitamin E solution, had a favorable impact on the average root mass. Pre-sowing seed treatment with ubiquinone-10 resulted in the highest monosaccharide content in carrot roots after one month of storage, surpassing control measurements by 13.2 %. Although the monosaccharide and disaccharide content in carrot roots decreased during storage in all studied conditions, it remained higher compared to the control measurements, indicating enhanced nutritional value.
 In summary, pre-sowing seed treatment of carrots with metabolically active compounds and their combinations demonstrates the potential to improve both quantitative harvest indicators and sugar content in carrot roots, reflecting increased nutritional value. Incorporating pre-sowing treatment with metabolically active compounds into cultivation practices can be valuable in the production of vegetable crops.

Pre-Sowing Static Magnetic Field Treatment of Vegetable Seeds and Its Effect on Germination and Young Seedlings Development

The pre-sowing treatment of seeds with an α static magnetic field has been reported in the literature as a means of enhancing plant development. In this work, we have designed, characterized, and constructed a setup for exposing small vegetable seeds to a static magnetic field. In a series of experiments, we have treated the seeds of vegetables that are important for the Mediterranean diet, i.e., tomato, lettuce, and salad rocket. The results show that tomato seedlings significantly benefit from a pre-sowing treatment with a magnetic flux density of 45 mT, for both an exposure time of 60 and 90 min compared to control, while the time of treatment that leads to improved growth is 90 min. In order to improve the growth of salad rocket seedlings the magnetic field had to be 150 mT, whereas the results for lettuce seeds were a bit inconsistent, i.e., it is not clear whether a lower (45 mT) or a higher (300 mT) magnetic flux density should be applied.

Формирование урожайности зерна люпина узколистного в зависимости от предпосевной обработки семян и нормы высева

To solve the problem of providing livestock with balanced feed, it is necessary to introduce into production the cultivation of leguminous crops that effectively use the bioclimatic potential of the zone. The aim of the work is to evaluate the effectiveness of pre-sowing seed treatment in the formation of agrocenoses of narrow-leaved lupine. The study was carried out in 2020-2022 on the experimental field of the educational, scientific and industrial complex "Agrotechnopark" of the Udmurt State Agrarian University in accordance with generally accepted methods and guidelines. The soil of the experimental plots is soddy-podzolic medium loamy with low and medium content of humus (1,8–2,3 %), mobile phosphorus - high (193-282 mg/kg), mobile potassium - high and very high (200-272 mg/kg ). The exchange acidity of the soil is from medium acid to close to neutral reaction (5,0-5,6). Be-fore sowing, the seeds were treated with the inoculant Rizotorfin (Rhizobium lupine) (1 l/t), plant growth regulator Melafen (5 ml/t), complex fertilizer Agree's Forsage (2 l/t), fungicide Maxim XL (0,4 l/t), complex fertilizer Agree's Forsage together with plant growth regulator Melafen, fungicide Maxim XL together with plant growth regulator Melafen, fungicide Maxim XL together with complex fertilizer Agree's Forsage. The untreated variant was taken as a control. The seeding rate is 1.0 million, 1.2 million, 1,4 million. Based on the experimental data obtained, the efficiency of pre-sowing seed treatment, which can be recommended to agricultural production to increase the productivity of narrow-leaved lupine, was revealed. Formation of the highest yield of narrow-leaved lupine 1,54-1.62 t/ha was obtained when pre-sowing seed treatment with complex fertilizer Agree's Forsage and its joint use with plant growth regulator Melafen and fungicide Maxim XL. The effectiveness of pre-sowing seed treatment is confirmed by a weak relationship between grain yield and root rot (r = -0,08±0,10). Keywords: NARROW-LEAVED LUPIN, PRE-SOWING TREATMENT OF SEEDS, SEEDING RATE, ROOT ROT, YIELD

The Medium-Blocking Discharge Vibration-Uniform Material Plasma Seed Treatment Device Based on EDEM

Pre-sowing treatment of seeds by plasma can improve seed vigor and promote seed germination and growth. To solve the problems of low processing volume and uneven treatment in plasma seed treatment devices, according to the process scheme of medium-blocking discharge plasma seed treatment, a medium-blocking discharge vibration-uniform material plasma seed treatment device was designed, the structure and working principle of the vibration-uniform material device were systematically analyzed, and the mathematical model of seed force was established. According to electromagnetic vibration theory, the seed sorting and conveying principles were analyzed in the lower trough, and the relevant parameters were selected and calculated. Using EDEM discrete element simulation software, a numerical simulation of alfalfa seed feeding and vibration-uniform material process was carried out. A three-factor, three-level orthogonal test was established. The results showed that the vibration amplitude and groove shape significantly affected the coefficient of variation of seed uniformity on the groove during the seed feeding and vibration-uniform material processes, and the groove wheel speed had a certain effect on the coefficient of variation of uniformity. The main order of factors affecting the uniformity of seed spreading was vibration amplitude B > notch shape C > speed A. The optimal speed was 35 r/min, the optimal notch shape was circular, and the optimal vibration amplitude was 0.55 mm.

Use of Stimulants for Pre-Sowing Treatment of the Scots Pine Seeds

For the cultivation of planting stock of forest-forming species, the measure most often used currently is the pre-sowing treatment of seeds with stimulants, which positively affects the germination of seeds and the growth of seedlings, and for each region of the country the choice of growth substances is different. The aim of the research was to identify the optimal stimulant and soaking time during the pre–sowing treatment of Scots pine seeds (Pinus sylvestris L.). The objects of research were one- and two-year-old seedlings, growing in the forest nursery of the Shaldai branch of the State Forest Natural Reserve (SFNR) “Ertis Ormany” in the Pavlodar region. Three stimulants (Baikal, Zircon, Humate-7 trace substances) and the fungicide Trichocine were tested. The field germination of seeds, the number of plants per unit area and the height of seedlings were all studied. In the experiment with a combined usage of the stimulants and the Trichocine, the average height of pine yearlings was lower than that of control seedlings. But at the age of two years, the average height of seedlings in the two experiments exceeded the height of control seedlings by 20.8 and 1.4%. Thus, the prolonged effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with the stimulants and the Trichocine on enhancing the growth and number of preserved seedlings per unit area at the age of two years has been proven. The data obtained from cluster and rank analyses showed that for the pre-sowing treatment of Scots pine seeds in the conditions of ribbon forests of the Irtysh region, the most optimal way was to soak the seeds in the Humate + 7 micronutrients for 12 hours together with the Trichocine (12 + 2 hours) in a concentration of 1.5 g of the stimulant and 0.6 g of the fungicide per 1 liter of water.

Successful seed management of perennial legumes as the key to expanding the sowing areas of field and meadow agrophytocoenoses

Purpose. To investigate and theoretically substantiate methods of increasing the sowing and productivity properties of seeds of perennial legumes and, on their basis, develop new and improve existing resource-saving, competitive growing technologies due to the use of mineral, fast-acting limestone fertilizers, seed inoculation with bacterial preparations based on various strains of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms and foliar feeding during the growing season with biostimulants and anti-stressors in order to expand economically valuable field and meadow grass stands on degraded natural pastures. Methods. Field, laboratory, visual, measuring, weight, quantitative, test sheaf method, mathematical, statistical. Results. Agrobiological bases for the formation of fruiting elements of perennial leguminous grasses with high productivity and sowing properties have been developed. They imply seed inoculation with the bacterial preparation Rhizobophyt 0.15 l/ha and foliar fertilizing with anti-stressor in the phase of stemming and budding of grasses on the ground of the basic fertilizer for cover crop (N30P60-90K60-90) in combination with a fast-acting limestone fertilizer (Ca(OH)2 – slaked lime – 1.2 t/ha) 0.5 norms for hydrolytic acidity. This contributed to the formation of the maximum seed yield of alfalfa – 0.29-0.30 t/ha, meadow clover – 0.47-0.49 t/ha, hybrid clover – 0.30-0.31 t/ha, deer vetch – 0.45-0.47 t/ha. Conclusions. For the successful seed production of new high-yielding varieties of perennial leguminous grasses with high sowing and productive properties, a mandatory measure is, against the background of the main fertilization with mineral and fast-acting limestone fertilizers for cover crops, the pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the bacterial preparation Rhizobophyt and foliar fertilizing with the anti-stressor Agrohumat, which contributed on average, over the years of research, to increase seed productivity by 21-57%.

Influence of microfertilizers of the Izagri series on the productivity of safflower (<i>Carthamus tinctorius</i>)

The results of the analysis of the influence of Izagri microelement fertilizers on safflower productivity in the forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region are presented. The studies were conducted in 2020-2022 in the Penza region (experimental field of the Penza Research Institute of Agriculture). The object of the study was safflower of the Ershovsky 4 variety. The experiment consisted in pre-sowing seed treatment with Izagri series of microfertilizers. Izagri preparations were found to increase the growth force of seeds up to 1.21-1.57 cm, germination by 1.1-8.8%, safety of plants for harvesting by 0.5-6.2%. Against the background of fertilizer application, safflower productivity averaged 1.30-1.55 t/ha for 3 years, i.e. increased by 0.06-0.25 t/ha. The greatest effect was produced by Izagri Force and Izagri Vita, which helped to obtain a yield increase of 0.23-0.25 t/ha. The highest oil content of seeds was observed in the variants with Izagri Azot (29.85%) and Izagri Bor (30.04%): the increase was 2.7 and 3.0% respectively. Application of these preparations reduced seed huskiness to 37.7 and 37.9%, respectively. The largest seeds were formed in the variant with Izagri Vita - weight of 1 thousand seeds was 39.16 g. Treatment with Izagri Phosphorus and Izagri Vita gave a slight decrease in oleic acid content (to 9.94 and 9.62%). At the same time, the use of Izagri Vita maximized the amount of linoleic acid (up to 83.63%). After using Izagri Force, the concentration of this acid decreased to 81.88%. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that pre-sowing treatment of seeds with microfertilizers from Izagri line improves the quality indicators of oilseeds and can act as a method to increase the productivity of safflower.

Variety features and methods of increasing the productivity of white mustard

The aim of the research was to study the e ect of pre-sowing and foliar treatment with microelement micronutrient fertilizers on the productivity of white mustard and a comparative assessment of its varieties in the conditions of the forest- steppe of the Middle Volga region.Experimental work was carried out in 2020-2022 on the experimental eld of the Penza Research Institute of Agriculture. In the rst experiment, 9 varieties of white mustard of various selection, included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements, were studied. The scheme of eld experiments included the study of pre-sowing seed treatment and the treatment of mustard plants during vegetation with microfertilizers at a rate of 1.0 l/t and 1.0 l/ha, respectively. The experimental scheme included 8 microelement preparations (Humate +7, Agroverm, Izagri Vita, Megamix, Zircon, Cytovit, BlackJack, Izagri Force) and a variant without treatment. On average, over three years, the productivity of mustard seeds varied within 1.32-1.61 t/ha, depending on the variety. The highest yield in the experiment was noted in the varieties Lutsiya (1.57 t/ha) and Svetlanka (1.61 t/ha), which exceeded the average value for the experiment by 0.10…0.14 t/ha. The maximum oil content in the experiment was noted in the varieties Lucia and Omega (30.02 and 30.48 %), the minimum - in the varieties Passion and Bracco (25.05 and 26.24 %). At the same time, all varieties had a high indicator of agronomic stability at the level of 78.33 … 85.82 %, which characterizes their value for production. As a result of the use of microfertilizers, a tendency to increase the productivity of mustard was noted. When foliar processing of mustard plants, the most e ective fertilizers were Izagri Vita and Agroverm, which contributed to obtaining the largest yield of 1.69 and 1.67 t/ha. The maximum oil content in the experiment (29.72 and 29.70 %) was noted in the seeds when the plants were treated with BlackJack and Isagri Force preparations. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with microelement fertilizers contributed to the accumulation of oil in the seeds up to 27.75-29.46 %, with 27.87 % in the control. The highest yield in the experiment was obtained in the variants with seed treatment with Izagri Vita and BlackJack preparations (1.71 and 1.72 t/ha), which exceeded the control by 0.17…0.18 t/ha. In addition, the studied preparations a ect the fatty acid composition of oilseeds to varying degrees. Their application led to a decrease or increase in the concentration of fatty acids. Foliar top dressing with Cytovit contributed to an increase in the concentration of erucic acid up to 30.1 %. And pre-sowing treatment of seeds with this preparation leads to its decrease to 25.3 %.

The influence of the use of biological preparations on the formation of quality indicators of spring wheat grain

Relevance. For a more complete realization of the biological potential inherent in the culture and directly in each variety, in the agrotechnology used, separate elements are used that contribute to more effective plant development. This should include the use of biological preparations that are not only able to stimulate and regulate the growth and development of plants, but are also safe for the environment. In this regard, the research results presented in this paper are relevant and timely.Materials and methods. In our study, we studied the effect of pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds and its (processing) aftereffect on grain quality indicators and seed sowing properties. The early-ripening variety of spring soft wheat Iren was taken as an object of research. The subject of the study is biological preparations, their effect and aftereffect during pre–sowing seed treatment on the formation of grain and the quality of the seed material of the crop.Results. Studies have revealed differences in the intensity of the effect of presowing seed treatment with biological preparations and the aftereffect of treatment on the quality indicators of spring wheat grain. The aftereffect of the drugs increased the protein content in the grain. The maximum protein content in the experiment was obtained in variant 2 (the preparation was obtained by the method of VAG based on pine needles (HS 22)) – 17.0%.The gluten content in the grain in variants of experiments 2 and 3 was formed above 32%, which corresponds to the 1st class. The maximum gluten content in the grain was obtained in variant 2 (HS 22) – 41.8% in experiment 3 (aftereffect). The vitreous content of the grain in all variants of experiments 2 and 3 is higher than 60%, which makes it possible to classify the grain to the 1st class. A higher level of grain nature was obtained on variants with the aftereffect of drugs. Grain on the variants of experiment 3: control, 3 (LP 4), 8 (Cytohumate), 9 (Lignohumate) with grain in kind above 750 g should be attributed to the 1st class.

Efficiency of using growth stimulators and microelements in pea growing technology

Aim. To study the effectiveness of application in a single technological process of fertilization, pre-sowing treatment of seeds with drugs based on an active strain of nodule bacteria, a growth stimulator of biological origin, microfertilizers in a loose form to increase the productivity of peas. Methods. The research program included: phenological observations on the development of plants (phases of development and stages of organogenesis), morphological – on the formation of productivity elements, the leaf apparatus and the duration of its functioning, morphophysiological – on the dynamics of the development of productivity elements, the formation of productive potential. Results. The article presents the results of studies on the effectiveness of growth stimulants and microfertilizers on the formation of pea plants and their yield. The maximum level of realization of the productivity potential of peas was provided by technology projects that provide for the application of mineral fertilizers in doses of N30P45K60 and N15P45K60 + N15 + N15 kg/ha d.r. in top dressing in the «branching» and «budding» phases with the simultaneous application of Maxi-Grow Excel and Tropical products against the background of inoculation of seeds with a strain of nitrogen-fixing bacteria BTU-r, under such growing technologies the yield of pea grain was – 3,74 t/ha, 3,85 t/ha. The authors of the research found that during the period of flowering and formation of beans, the investigated preparations, both of biological and chemical origin, contributed to the formation of higher pea plants with greater biomass, leaf surface and mass of dry matter, compared to the control variant. On average, according to the experiment on options with mineral fertilizer, the use of Maxi-Grow Excel biostimulator increased crop yield by 0.24; 0.22 t/ha; simultaneous application of Maxi-Grow Excel growth biostimulator and Tropicel microfertilizer at 0.58; 0.62 t/ha, the increase from pre-sowing inoculation of BTU seeds with a strain of nitrogen-fixing bacteria was 0,35 t/ha. Conclusions. The maximum productivity indicators were obtained by applying mineral fertilizers in doses of N30P45K60 and N15P45K60 +N15+ N15 kg/ha d.r. in top dressing at III-IV and VIII stages of organogenesis with the simultaneous introduction of Maxi-Grow Excel preparations (in the «branching» and «budding» phases) and Tropicale (in the budding phase) against the background of seed inoculation with a strain of nitrogen-fixing bacteria BTU-r. Under such cultivation technologies, the yield of peas was 3.74 t/ha, 3.85 t/ha, the level of conditional net profit was UAH 13.686–14.016/ha, the profitability was 84%, under favorable weather conditions (2016) – 5.18 t/ha and 5.25 t/ha).

Legume plant yields using biopreparation and plant growth regulators

The effect of the biopreparation Rizotorfin and growth regulators Albit, Kornevin, Epin-Extra on symbiotic activity and yield of the bean plant varieties Geliada and Shokoladnitsa was studied under field conditions. The nitrogenase activity was increased in Heliada bean plants after treatment of seeds with Epin-Extra against the increase of bacteroides area, amount and area of volutin and decrease of area and amount of poly-ß-oxybutyric acid (POM). The protective effect of Rizotorfin was evident in the variety Shokoladnitsa. The relationship between symbiotic nitrogen fixation and yield of bean plants of varieties Heliada and Shokoladnitsa was detected. The varietal responses of these plants to the use of Risotorfin and growth regulators have been identified. To increase the efficiency of legume-rhizobium symbiosis and plant productivity, the pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a biopreparation based on nodule bacteria and growth regulators is recommended.

Preparative Forms of the Plant Growth Regulator Floroxan

The plant growth regulator floroxan, 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-[4-(methylamino)phenyl]propionic acid ethyl ester hydrochloride, is the development of the Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS) and has been studied for many years. To improve the physicochemical properties of floroxan, many research efforts have been aimed at developing its application forms. Having high efficiency at a dose of 100 mg/L, floroxan has great prospects for the use as a component in compositions with the known preparations for pre-sowing treatment of seeds of cultivated plants. The recent joint studies of researchers from Russia and Uzbekistan allowed for developing and offering for agriculture the promising preparations such as protectants for cereal crops, herbicide antidotes, and compositions for cotton and a number of vegetable crops.