Efficiency of using growth stimulators and microelements in pea growing technology

Abstract

Aim. To study the effectiveness of application in a single technological process of fertilization, pre-sowing treatment of seeds with drugs based on an active strain of nodule bacteria, a growth stimulator of biological origin, microfertilizers in a loose form to increase the productivity of peas. Methods. The research program included: phenological observations on the development of plants (phases of development and stages of organogenesis), morphological – on the formation of productivity elements, the leaf apparatus and the duration of its functioning, morphophysiological – on the dynamics of the development of productivity elements, the formation of productive potential. Results. The article presents the results of studies on the effectiveness of growth stimulants and microfertilizers on the formation of pea plants and their yield. The maximum level of realization of the productivity potential of peas was provided by technology projects that provide for the application of mineral fertilizers in doses of N30P45K60 and N15P45K60 + N15 + N15 kg/ha d.r. in top dressing in the «branching» and «budding» phases with the simultaneous application of Maxi-Grow Excel and Tropical products against the background of inoculation of seeds with a strain of nitrogen-fixing bacteria BTU-r, under such growing technologies the yield of pea grain was – 3,74 t/ha, 3,85 t/ha. The authors of the research found that during the period of flowering and formation of beans, the investigated preparations, both of biological and chemical origin, contributed to the formation of higher pea plants with greater biomass, leaf surface and mass of dry matter, compared to the control variant. On average, according to the experiment on options with mineral fertilizer, the use of Maxi-Grow Excel biostimulator increased crop yield by 0.24; 0.22 t/ha; simultaneous application of Maxi-Grow Excel growth biostimulator and Tropicel microfertilizer at 0.58; 0.62 t/ha, the increase from pre-sowing inoculation of BTU seeds with a strain of nitrogen-fixing bacteria was 0,35 t/ha. Conclusions. The maximum productivity indicators were obtained by applying mineral fertilizers in doses of N30P45K60 and N15P45K60 +N15+ N15 kg/ha d.r. in top dressing at III-IV and VIII stages of organogenesis with the simultaneous introduction of Maxi-Grow Excel preparations (in the «branching» and «budding» phases) and Tropicale (in the budding phase) against the background of seed inoculation with a strain of nitrogen-fixing bacteria BTU-r. Under such cultivation technologies, the yield of peas was 3.74 t/ha, 3.85 t/ha, the level of conditional net profit was UAH 13.686–14.016/ha, the profitability was 84%, under favorable weather conditions (2016) – 5.18 t/ha and 5.25 t/ha).