Application of mineral fertilizers and bacterial preparations under sunflower on ordinary chernozem

Abstract

The results of field experiments to study the effect of mineral fertilizers and bacterial preparations on the yield and quality of sunflower seeds are presented. The studies were carried out in 2011–2014 in the Rostov region on medium-power ordinary chernozem. The object of research was a hybrid of sunflower Patriot. The predecessor is winter wheat. Ammonium nitrate, ammophos and potassium chloride in various doses were used as mineral fertilizers, according to the experimental scheme. Fertilizers were introduced before sowing, before the main tillage and pre-sowing cultivation. Bacterial preparations were represented by associative nitrogen fixers of the strains Mizorin, Flavobacterin, PG-5 and 17-1 produced by the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Medicine, Pushkin. In the field experiment, variants of the joint application of mineral fertilizers and presowing treatment of seeds with bacterial preparations were also studied. The control was the variant without the application of mineral fertilizers and bacterial preparations. The Patriot sunflower hybrid seed yield in the control variant on average for 3 years amounted to 1.61 t/ha. A significant increase in the yield of sunflower seeds and oil gathering was established in the variant with pre-sowing application of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N40P50. The increase compared to the control variant was 0.53 t/ha, or 34.2%, and in the oil gathering in the crop - 226 kg/ha, or 36.4%. The application of biologics of associative nitrogen fixers contributed to an increase in the yield of sunflower seeds. Inoculation of sunflower seeds with a strain of the biological preparation PG-5 was more effective. The increase in the yield of sunflower seeds amounted to 0.44 t/ha, or 28.6% compared to the variant without the application of fertilizers. The increase in the oil gathering in the crop was by 29.3%. The application of bacterial preparations under sunflower against a background of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers was ineffective.