Ppm IBA Research Articles

EFFECT OF TIME AND IBA CONCENTRATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BAY LEAF LAYERING

The experiment was conducted in a factorial Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with six levels of IBA viz. 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000ppm and control (without IBA) with five times of layering in the middle (15th) of each April, May, June, July and August at the Regional Spices Research Centre, BARI, Gazipur during May 2017 to September 2018. Bay leaf layering was found very much unsuccessful with or without IBA treatment. Layering time and IBA concentration significantly influence on the success and rooting of layers under Bangladesh condition. May to July layering with 4000 ppm IBA treatment found better for successful air layering for vegetative propagation of bay leaf in Bangladesh.

EFFECT OF VARIOUS CONCENTRATIONS OF ROOTING HORMONES ON MULTIPLICATION OF BUTTON WOOD TREE (CONOCARPUS ERECTUS L.)

The present investigation entitled “Effect of IBA and NAA on vegetative propagation of button wood tree (Conocarpus erectus L.)” was carried out during 2019 - 2020 at Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, College of horticulture, Anantharajupeta, Y.S.R Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh. Semi hard wood stem cuttings of Conocarpus erectus were treated with 1000, 2000, 3000 ppm IBA and NAA solutions by quick dip method. Cuttings were then subjected to rooting in a media consisting of sandy soil, farm yard manure, single super phosphate in a ratio of 2:1:1 mixture in black polythene bags. Among all the treatments, number of sprouted cuttings, length of sprout per cutting, diameter of sprout per cutting, number of leaves per cutting, percentage of rooted cutting, number of primary roots per cutting, number of secondary roots per cutting, length of roots per cutting, number of plants transplanted and number of plants established were higher in IBA 3000 ppm.

Vegetative propagation and ex-situ conservation of Acantholimon androsaceum and Limonium chersonesum, two promising local endemics of Crete (Greece) available for floricultural and pharmaceutical sustainable exploitation

The continual search for new attractive ornamentals and innovative natural medicinal products is the main focus of floricultural and pharmaceutical industries worldwide. Aiming to introduce two new Cretan endemic species in the commercial trade, Acantholimon androsaceum (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. and Limonium chersonesum Erben & Brullo (Plumbaginaceae) have been selected in the current study. These were derived from a total of 223 local endemic species and subspecies of Crete, which constitute an exceptional wild treasure of the Mediterranean flora. Prior to any commercialization, efficient massive propagation protocols are required. Although sexual propagation using seeds collected from the wild was unsuccessful for these two taxa, the results of vegetative propagation experiments were satisfactory. Wild plant material was used for cuttings in order to develop a reasonable and homogenous number of stock mother plants for propagation trials. As a result of experiments conducted in the current research, two vegetative propagation protocols were developed, which could be used commercially for the massive production of elite clonal plants of A. androsaceum and L. chersonesum. These protocols provide 71.43% successful rooting for A. androsaceum within 40 days, using 2000 ppm IBA, and 80.95% rooting for L. chersonesum within 30 days, using 1000 ppm IBA. This study is part of a strategy and research methodology aiming at the selection of new, rare and endemic native industrial crops for the ornamental and pharmaceutical sector, exploiting sustainably the rich phytogenetic resources of Crete.

The effect of murashige and skoog (MS) modified medium and several types of auxins on the growth of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana bertoni) in vitro

The aims of this research is to testing the use of several types of auxins with the same concentration (0.2 ppm IAA; 0.2 ppm NAA; 0.2 ppm IBA) and modification of MS media (1/4 MS; 1 / 2MS; MS full ). Parameters observed included roots number, roots length, plantlets length and velocity of root emergence. The result shown that roots appeared influenced by the modification of MS media, the fastest root appearance was in the treatment using full MS and 1/2 MS on 14 and 15 DAS (day after showing). The several types of auxin and the modification of MS media were very significant. The number of roots parameter also resulted from the interaction between the auxin type and the modification of MS media which had a very significant effect. At the end of the observation (30 DAS) highest number of roots with an average of 4.23 was found in the using NAA treatment, with 1/2 MS. The modification of MS media is more optimal increasing roots length is at 1/2 MS. The modification of MS media which is more optimal in increasing length of plantlets at full media and was not significantly different with 1/2 MS.

Vegetative propagation in Celtis australis : Effect of season and auxin treatment

Celtis australis is one of important multipurpose tree species of north western Himalayas. The natural regeneration of the tree is very poor owing to huge biotic pressure. The tree therefore needs to be propagated by vegetative means. An experiment was conducted to ascertain the effect of season and IBA concentrations on rooting behaviour of Celtis australis. Cuttings collected in three different seasons, viz. spring, summer and rainy were subjected to different lndole- 3-Butyric Acid (IBA) treatments, viz. 250, 500, 750, 1000ppm and control. Maximum rooting (30.6%) was observed in rainy season. Rooting was higher (49.4%) in 250 ppm IBA concentration. Interaction effect of season × treatment revealed that maximum rooting (59.3%) was recorded during rainy season when cuttings were treated with 250 ppm IBA. The results of the study are useful for mass multiplication and cloning the species for enhancing productivity.

Memecik Zeytin Çeliklerinin Köklenmesi Üzerine Etilenin Etkisi

Bu çalışmada, Memecik zeytin çeliklerinin köklenmesi üzerine etilenin etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada 10 farklı bitki büyüme düzenleyici madde kombinasyonu uygulamasında her uygulamada 3 tekerrür, her tekerrürde 30’ar adet olmak üzere toplam 900 adet zeytin yarı odun çeliği kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda en yüksek köklenme oranı %44.4 ile 0 etilen+6000 ppm IBA uygulamasından elde edilirken, bunu %42.2 ile 0 etilen+8000 ppm IBA uygulaması izlemiştir. En düşük köklenme oranı %2.2 ile 0 etilen+0 ppm IBA (kontrol) ve 150 etilen+4000 ppm IBA (dikimden 10 gün sonra) uygulamalarında gözlenmiştir. Çeliklerin dikimden itibaren farklı günlerde yapılan bitki büyümeyi düzenleyici maddeleri uygulamalarında en yüksek kallus oranı (% 44.7) 150 etilen+4000 ppm IBA (20.gün)’da, en fazla kök sayısı (13.3 adet) 0 etilen+6000 ppm IBA’da, en fazla kök uzunluğu (7.0 cm) 50 etilen+4000 ppm IBA (10.gün)’da ve en fazla kök çapı (3.0 mm) 150 etilen+4000 ppm IBA (10.gün)’da elde edilmiştir. Sürgün uzunluğu, çapı ve sayısı bakımından uygulamalar arasındaki farklılık önemli bulunmamıştır. Artan etilen dozları Memecik yarı odun çeliklerinin köklenmesini azalttığı için 50 ppm’den daha düşük etilen dozlarının denenmesi tavsiye edilmektedir.

Studies on Vegetative Propagation of Some Guava Seedling Trees by Stem Cuttings As Influenced By Their Genotypes and Some Growth Regulators

This study was conducted in glass house at Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza during both 2018 and 2019 experimental seasons to investigate the possibility of using leafy wood stem cuttings of 10 selected guava seedlings trees for using to propagate them vegetatively. Whereas, rooting ability of their cuttings in response to genotypes and dipping in 4000 ppm IBA and 100 ppm TIBA were investigated. Besides some growth measurements i.e., number of both roots and shoots per rooted cuttings and their length, as well as No. of leaves per each and average leaf area were also included. Data obtained during both seasons cuttings of only five genotypes (seedling trees) succeeded to root while other fives completely failed. On the other hand ability of the leafy soft wood stem cutting of the five succeeded genotypes varied specifically from one seedling tree to another. Hence tree No. 10 was the superior while both 7th and 8th ones were the inferior and two other trees (No. 2 & 6) were in between. The specific effect of growth regulators mired was also observed TIBA was more effective than IBA especially during 2nd season whereas difference was significant. In addition, the most effective combination was always in closed relationship to the dipped cuttings of genotype 10 in TIBA 100 ppm fallowed by cuttings of the same trees treated by IBA 4000 ppm. Throe of dipped cuttings in either IBA or TIBA 100 ppm for the 7th & 8th trees were the inferior while other four combinations of two other trees (2nd & 6th) were in between. The same trend was detected with the different growth measurements of the survived rooted cuttings of fire successed five genotypes with few exceptions scarcely observed during two seasons.

To study the effect of plant growth regulator and chemicals on survival of cuttings in fig (Ficus carica L.) Cv.Dinkar.

The present investigation entitled Studies on Effect of Chemicals, Plant Growth Regulator on Growth and Survival of Cuttings in Fig (Ficus carica L.) Cv.Dinkar was conducted at section of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Badnapur, during 2019-20. The experiment was laid out in RBD with fifteen treatments replicated twice. The effectiveness of IBA, SA and PHB concentrations, in which IBA applied as solo and combined with all chemical concentrations, and control were tested for their ability to enhance rooting frequency (%) of Cv.Dinkar of fig cuttings. Among the chemical treatments Auxin concentrations tested ranged from 1000 to 1500 ppm IBA. However 1500 ppm IBA induced significantly greater rooting percentage than the control, but no single auxin, auxin concentration or combination of auxins was clearly superior in every study. IBA application also enhanced the number of roots developed on each cutting. In Present experimentation, maximum length of longest root (T14 34.49 cm) which is observed with IBA + Polyamine, average root length (26.93 cm), diameter of root (1.85 mm), volume of root (9.39 ml), fresh weight of root (9.53 g), dry weight of root (4.97 g) was noticed in treatment T14 (T2 + Putrescine 3.0 mm). While minimum length of longest root (12.68 cm) in control, average root length (9.13cm) diameter of root (0.77 mm), volume of root (1.85 ml), fresh weight of root (2.02 g), dry weight of root (0.34 g) was recorded in treatment Tl5 (control). In present investigation, maximum root: shoot ratio on fresh weight basis (0.29) was noticed in treatment T1 (Indole Butyric Acid 1000 ppm), however minimum root: shoot ratio on fresh weight basis (0.14) was observed in treatment Tl5 (control), while maximum root: shoot ratio on dry weight basis (0.19) was noticed in treatment T5 (T2 + PHB 1500 ppm), while minimum root: shoot ratio on dry weight basis (0.04) was observed in treatment Tl5 (control).

RESPON PERTUMBUHAN SAGU (Metroxylon sagu Rottb) DENGAN PERENDAMAN ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH IBA

Sago is a plant produces high carbohydrate source. The problem of sagoo propagation by generative are limited number of seeds and low germination. Vegetative propagation of sago can be done through sago tillers, however, the very slow root growth will affect the ability of the sago to survive. One way to accelerate root growth is by administering IBA growth regulators. This study aims to determine the response to the growth of sago saplings by immersing IBA (0, 25, 50, 75) ppm. The results showed that the highest percentage of living plants was found in the 25 ppm IBA immersion treatment with the percentage of live tillers 88.89%. For the parameters of the number and length of roots and the highest plant height was also found in the 25 ppm IBA immersion treatment with an average number of roots of 6.7, 12.43 cm of root length and an average plant height of 49 cm.

INFLUENCE OF ROOTING MEDIA AND INDOLE-3-BUTYRIC ACID (IBA) CONCENTRATION ON ROOTING AND GROWTH OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONOCARPUS ERECTUS L. STEM CUTTINGS

The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of rooting media (clay, peat moss + sand, peat moss + perlite and vermiculite), cutting types (tip, middle and basal) and different concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (control, 50, 100 and 200 ppm IBA) on the rooting and growth of Conocarpus erectus L. stem cuttings. The experiment was laid out in a split-split-plot design, with three replicates. The obtained results showed that vermiculite was the best rooting medium used for improving the rooting percentage, root number, root length, stem length, branch number and leaf number per rooted cutting, followed by peat + perlite (1:1 in v/v) and peat + sand (1:1 in v/v), respectively comparing with clay soil which recorded the lowest values. The tip cutting was superior to the middle and basal ones in all rooting media used, especially in vermiculite medium. Among IBA concentrations used, cuttings treated with IBA at 100 ppm produced significantly better rooting (42.9%) than 50 ppm (36.3%), 200 ppm (36.0%) and untreated cuttings (23.1%). The greatest rooting percentage (95.0%) and the best root and growth characteristics as well as the highest endogenous contents of phenols, indole acetic acid (IAA) and the lowest abscisic acid (ABA) contents were obtained from tip cuttings treated with IBA at 100 ppm and planted in vermiculite substrate. Moreover, the combined treatment of 100 ppm IBA and vermiculite substrate significantly improved the rooting percentage, root and growth measurements of middle and basal cuttings as well as gave the highest C/N ratio in basal cutting tissues compared to the same cutting types combined with the other rooting media and IBA concentrations. Hence, it could be recommended to treat the different types of C. erectus stem cuttings with IBA at 100 ppm and planting in vermiculite medium for improving rooting, quality and growth of cuttings.

Effects of Bacteria and Iba on the Rooting of Citrange Citrus Rootstocks Cuttings

In this study, the effects of Agrobacterium rubi A-18 and Bacillus OSU-142 bacterial strains alone and in combination with 1000, 2000, 4000 ppm IBA on rooting of Carrizo citrange and Troyer citrange citrus rootstock in softwood, semi-hardwood and hardwood cuttings were investigated. In the case of IBA solution, Agrobacterium rubi A-18 and Bacillus OSU-142 were prepared in solution at a concentration of 1x109 bacteria / ml and applied to cuttings of citrus. Application were performed in the mist propagation system. Cuttings kept in the fogging environment for 3 months removed at the end of this period, and their rooting rates (%), callus formation rates (%) and survival rates (%) determined. Based on the results of the study, the survival rates and callus formation rates of the cuttings of citrus were generally high at the end of the rooting period. The highest rooting rates in Carrizo citrange cuttings were detected in 4000 ppm IBA and OSU-142 + A-18 (13.33%) treatments for softwood cuttings, 4000 ppm IBA + OSU-142 (20.00%) in semi-hardwood and hardwood cuttings. In the Troyer citrange, OSU-142 + A-18 (6.67%) treatments for softwood cuttings, in 1000 ppm IBA for semi-hardwood, and in 4000 ppm IBA (13.33%) and 1000 ppm IBA treatment for hardwood cuttings, 2000 ppm IBA and OSU-142 (13.33%) the highest rooting has been treatments. According to the cuttings pick-up period, the rooting rates of Carrizo citrange are not different, at the Troyer citrange in the semi-hardwood and hardwood cuttings was higher. As a result, it could be state that plant growth promoting bacteria and IBA applications have not effect on rooting in the softwood, semi-hardwood and hardwood cuttings of the Carrizo citrange and Troyer citrange citrus rootstocks.

Effect of IBA concentration and water soaking on rooting hardwood cuttings of black mulberry (Morus nigra L.)

The research was conducted at the College of Agricultural Sciences Engineering/University of Sulaimani/ Kurdistan Region-Iraqi to investigate effects of different concentrations of IBA (0, 3000, 4000 and 5000 ppm) and soaking in water for 24 hours on propagation black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) by hardwood cuttings. In this research the parameters of rooting percentage, root number, root length, sprout bud number, shoot length and shoot diameter were measured. Effect of individual factors showed that the highest rooting percentage (15%) was achieved in cuttings soaked in water for 24 hours, as well as improving other traits. Also, the best (23.33%) rooting was found in cuttings dipped in 4000 ppm IBA. Interaction effects of the two factors showed that cuttings treated with 4000 ppm IBA and soaked in water for 24 hours gave the highest (40%) rooting, and the highest other root and shoot traits were achieved in the same interaction as well.

Rooting Efficiency of Amur Maple Seedless Selections Produced by Mutagenesis1

Abstract Amur maple (Acer ginnala Maxim.) is a widely planted small tree with attractive red fall foliage. In many states, it is classified as a noxious weed and regulations restrict propagation and sale, limiting customer choice. Stem cuttings are commonly used as a means of asexual propagation of Amur maple, with softwood cuttings being the easiest to root. Here we report adventitious rooting efficiency of seedless Amur maple selections using four indole-3-butyric acid (IBA; 500, 1,500, 5,000, 10,000 ppm) and four naphthalene acetic acid (NAA; 100, 500, 1,500, 5,000 ppm) treatments and a no hormone control. Overall, cuttings treated with 5,000 or 10,000 ppm IBA and 5,000 ppm NAA resulted in the highest percent rooting (PR), mean number of roots (MNR), and mean length of the longest root (MRL) across all seedless selections. Seedless selections SW-30-14 and SW-30-130 had the highest PR, 66% and 67%, respectively, and will perform well in commercial propagation. This level of rooting was greater than that of the cultivar ‘Bailey Compact' that had 46% PR, and the seedless selection SW-30-159 that had the lowest PR (10.3%), MNR (0.3), and MRL (0.2 in) averaged across all treatments. Cuttings from 4 of the 5 seedless selections treated with 1,500 ppm NAA had the greatest PR, whereas ‘Bailey Compact' and SW-30-159 had the greatest PR with 5,000 ppm NAA. Results indicate that rooting efficiency was impacted by mutagenesis in some selections, which may require optimization of propagation methods for those selections. Index words: adventitious rooting, auxin, vegetative propagation, sterile, non-native invasive. Species used in this study: Amur maple (Acer ginnala Maxim.). Chemicals used in this study: indole-3-butyric acid (IBA; 500, 1,500, 5,000, 10,000 ppm) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA; 100 500, 1,500 5,000 ppm).

Effect of IBA and NAA and their combination on the rooting of stem cuttings of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) cv. Pusa Narangi Gainda

The present investigation entitled “Effect of IBA and NAA and their combination on rooting in stem cuttings of African Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) cv. Pusa Narangi Gainda” was conducted in the Horticultural Research cum Instructional Farm at Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalya, Raipur (C. G.), season 2017. The experiment consisted of three different concentrations of IBA (100, 200 and 300 ppm), NAA (100, 200 and 300ppm) and IBA+NAA (100+100, 200+200 and 300+300 ppm) along with control which were treated for root initiation in stem cutting of marigold under Chhattisgarh plain region. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design with three replications and the cuttings were planted on protray and placed in mist chamber. The result revealed that growth regulators IBA and NAA had significantly effect on rooting and shooting performance of marigold. The maximum survival percentage (88.33%) of rooted cuttings were recorded under 200 ppm IBA and 300 ppm IBA at 35 days after planting of cuttings. While the number of sprouts per cutting (7.55), average length of shoot (8.00 cm), number of leaves per cutting (163.44), fresh weight (1140.55 mg) and dry weight of shoot (159.00 mg) were recorded maximum in NAA 200 ppm at 35 days after planting of cuttings and the number of roots (93.44), fresh weight (404 mg) and dry weight of root (34.11 mg) were recorded maximum under 300 ppm IBA whereas, average length of roots (12.23 cm) were observed maximum under IBA 100 ppm.

Conservation Strategies of Euphorbia wallichii Hook. f—A Species with Cryptocotylar Seeds

Euphorbia wallichii locally known as Kaali Heerbi is used as a folk medicine for the treatment of various dreadful diseases. A study was carried out to examine the seed germination pattern and propagation strategies of Euphorbia wallichii. The seeds show cryptocotylar development, i.e. two cotyledons remain halted in the endosperm except for their petioles. The cotyledon excised from the endosperm consists of plumule, ecophylls, radicle and hypocotyl. The present results reveal that Euphorbia wallichii has a very low percentage of seed germination. The highest percentage germination (20 ± 5.0), highest seed survival (53.3 ± 7.6) and seed vigour index (1.4) were found in 300 ppm thiourea. Vegetative propagation through rhizomes is one of the potential means of propagation for Euphorbia wallichii. The highest percentage survival was observed in the cuttings treated with 200 ppm GA3 (72.4 ± 4.0), 100 ppm GA3 (58.3 ± 8.7) and 50 ppm IBA (21.9 ± 9.9). Maximum sprouting occurs in 200 ppm GA3 (89 ± 12.42), and maximum rooting occurs in 50 ppm IBA (75 ± 0). The studies on agro-techniques reveal that maximum sprouting (75 ± 0) occurs in sandy soil followed by sandy loam (68.75 ± 12.5) and loam soil (62.5 ± 14.4). These findings reveal that better results are obtained in more sandy soils. This information, in turn, helps in restoring the natural populations and to supply raw materials to the drug industry on a sustainable basis.

Effects of exogenous auxin on stem cutting growth of tea (Camellia sinensis)

Root growth rate of a stem cutting was affected by the auxin levels absorbed by the stem cutting. Level of endogenous auxin was insufficient to stimulate the root growth, so that exogenous auxin should be applied. As synthetic auxin was highly expensive, natural auxin sources gained more attention recently to be used. This study was aimed to determine the best source of exogenous auxin triggering the stem cutting growth of tea (Camellia sinensis). This research was conducted using a completely randomized design with four replicates of each treatment. Source of exogenous auxin used in this study consisted of both synthetic (IBA and Rootone-F™) and natural (goat urine and shallot tuber extract) types. These exogenous auxins were applied into the tea stem cutting before planting through dipping method. Growth parameters related to root, shoot and leaf development were observed. Data were evaluated statistically using one-way anova. Application of 6.000 ppm IBA enhanced the rooting percentage and leaf area. Increase of root length was found in the stem cutting treated with 10% goat urine. These results suggested that each type of exogenous auxin stimulated the root growth in a different way. Therefore, proportional combination of these auxin sources might provide a greater support on root growth of tea stem cutting.

Pertumbuhan Artemisia vulgaris Secara Kultur Pucuk pada Medium dengan Kandungan Mioinositol dan Ekstrak Khamir

The effects of mioinositol and yeast extract were studied to assess their influence on growth of plantlets of Artemisia vulgaris by shoot culture. The plants regeneration of A. vulgaris were established by removing the nodes of stem and growing in MS multiplication medium with 1 ppm kinetin and 1 ppm NAA for 4 weeks. Shoots were induced for roots on MS treatment medium supplemented with mioinositol and yeast extract, added with 2 ppm IBA. Combination of four levels mioinositol concentration (mg/l): 100, 200, 300, and 400, and four levels of yeast extract concentration (mg/l): 0, 200, 300, and 400 were simultaneously added. Plantlets (2 weeks) were sub cultured on semi liquid MS medium. Plantlets were harvested on 6 weeks old. Measured parameters were fresh weight of plantlets. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by HSD test (p=95%). The results showed that the treatment of mioinositol and yeast extract were not significantly influenced on fresh weight of plantlets. Yeast extract was not influenced the growth of plantlets. The growth and morphogenesis of plantlets A. vulgaris were induced in treatment 100 ppm mioinositol, and addition mioinositol were higher than 100 ppm not significantly influenced the growth of plantlets.

Effects of Bacteria and IBA on the Rooting of Bitter Orange (Citrus aurantium L.) and Trifoliate Orange (Poncirus trifoliata Raf.) Cuttings

In this study, the effects of Agrobacterium rubi A-18 and Bacillus OSU-142 bacterial strains alone and in combination with 1000, 2000, 4000 ppm IBA on rooting of bitter orange and trifoliate orange citrus rootstock in softwood, semi-hardwood and hardwood cuttings were investigated. In the case of IBA solution, Agrobacterium rubi A-18 and Bacillus OSU-142 were prepared in solution at a concentration of 1x10 9 bacteria / ml and applied to steel. Application is made in the mist propagation system, in the perlite are planted in the environment. Steels kept in the fogging environment for 3 months were removed at the end of this period and rooting rates (%), callus formation rates (%) and survival rates (%) were determined. According to the results of the research, the rooting rates of the steels taken at different periods were found to be low. The highest rooting rates of bitter orange softwood cuttings were 2000 ppm IBA + OSU-142 (6.67%), semi-hardwood cuttings OSU-142 (20.00%), and 4000 ppm IBA + OSU-142 (20.00%) in hardwood cuttings. It has been not rooting in trifoliate orange softwood cuttings, the highest rooting was in the case of semi-hardwood cuttings with 4000 ppm IBA + OSU-142 (26.67%), in hardwood cuttings 1000 ppm IBA + OSU-142, 2000 ppm IBA + OSU-142, 4000 ppm IBA + OSU-142, 1000 ppm IBA + A-18, 2000 ppm IBA + A-18 and 4000 ppm IBA + A-18 (20.00%). According to the cuttings pick-up period, the rooting rates of bitter orange are not different between the periods, in the trifoliate orange the hardwood cuttings were found to be higher. As a result, it can be said that plant growth promoting bacteria and IBA applications have no effect on rooting in the softwood, semi-hardwood and hardwood cuttings of the bitter orange and trifoliate orange citrus rootstocks, it can be said that studies on rooting in these rootstocks can be useful in different bacterial breeds

Propagation of underutilized tropical fruit crops – a review

Underutilized fruits are those having less economic importance than the more popular ones and also those usually grown in very limited areas and are familiar only to few people. They are cheap and highly nutritious. They are endowed with several medicinal and therapeutic properties and are used by local people to cure various diseases. From many of them, the fruit, seed, leaf of the plant are used as curative foods in traditional Indian medicine and Ayurveda. In addition some have an excellent flavor and taste and are used for preparing delicacies at home. In tropical parts of the world some of the underutilized fruits are: jack fruit, jamun, carombola, tamarind, wood apple, kokam, khirni, lasora, Barbodos gooseberry, etc. Propagation of true-to-type plants is essential in these crops in order to maintain genetic purity and establish orchards of desirable characters. Different methods of propagation as well as advancements made in the aspect of propagation in case of these underutilized fruits have to be thoroughly reviewed. According to the research conducted at FRS,GAU, Gandevi by Patel et al. (1996) on the effect of different seed treatments on germination percentage of khirni seed, the seed treated with 1% thiourea for 6 h gave best (72%) and earliest germination percentage. Dung treated khirni seed kept for 24 h was found to show 97% germination. A research trial conducted by Misra and Jaiswal (1993) at GB Panth University of Agriculture Technology, Panthnagar reported that 10000 ppm IBA treated stool layers of karonda gave the best percent of rooting (86.90) and the longest length of root (14.43 cm). In an experiment conducted by Alila (2010) under Nagaland conditions, it was reported that etiolated air layers of jack fruit with 10000 ppm IBA gave a higher rooting percentage (72.13%). The lowest performance was reported by IBA 2500 (58.34). In this article similar advancements have been reviewed and compiled.

Effects of Different Pre-sized Rooting Blocks and IBA Concentrations on the Rooting of Ramsey Grapevine Rootstock Cuttings

Objective: Ramsey (Vitis champinii) is a grapevine rootstock that preferred sandy soils and it has high resistance to phylloxera and nematodes. But rooting of one year-old wood cuttings of this rootstock is quite low. In this study, determination of the effects of two different pre-sized rooting blocks (paper pot and phenolic foam) injected with different IBA concentrations on rooting of Ramsey rootstock cuttings were aimed.Material and Methods: In this study, for supporting the exogenous auxin treatment, IBA in different concentrations (0-50 ppm) was applied to two different pre-sized rooting media blocks (paper pot and phenolic foam) in which Ramsey cuttings be rooted. IBA solutions were injected into rooting blocks before planting. Cuttings were also pretreated with 2000 ppm IBA as quick dip. Cuttings were evaluated after 45 days in relation with root and shoot quality parameters.Results: The effects of rooting blocks on root number, root length, shoot length and dry root weight were found statistically significant. Apart from rooting percentage, other quality parameters of cuttings that planted in paper pots were higher than that planted in phenolic foam. The highest rooting percentage (43.2 %) was obtained from cuttings that planted in phenolic foam, injected in 30 ppm IBA.Conclusion: In this study, it was revealed that paper pot could be a proper medium choice in grapevine nursery tree propagation.