Potent Radical Scavenging Activity Research Articles

Pharmacological studies of Mangifera indica leaf extract

The present study was undertaken to explore the phytochemical screening, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant activities of the hydro-methanolic leaves extract of Mangifera indica using standard screening methods such as disc diffusion and DPPH methods. In phytochemical screening, Mangifera indicaextract showed presence of secondary metabolites such as carbohydrate, phenols, tanins and proteins whereas Saponins were absent. It also showed antibacterial activities against almost all the test organisms. The extracts possessed potent hydroxyl radical scavenging activity against the positive control standard Ascorbic acid. Results denote the presence of hydroxyl radical scavenging principles in the extracts.

Antioxidant and Organic Dye Removal Potential of Cu-Ni Bimetallic Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Gazania rigens Extract

Copper-nickel bimetallic nanoparticles (Cu-Ni BNPs) were fabricated using an eco-friendly green method of synthesis. An extract of synthesized Gazania rigens was used for the synthesis of BNPs followed by characterization employing different techniques including UV/Vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, XRD, and SEM. Spectrophotometric studies (UV-Vis and FTIR) confirmed the formation of bimetallic nanoparticles. The SEM studies indicated that the particle size ranged from 50 to 100 nm. Analysis of the BNPs by the XRD technique confirmed the presence of both Cu and Ni crystal structure. The synthesized nanoparticles were then tested for their catalytic potential for photoreduction of methylene blue dye in an aqueous medium and DPPH radical scavenging in a methanol medium. The BNPs were found to be efficient in the reduction of methylene blue dye as well as the scavenging of DPPH free radicals such that the MB dye was completely degraded in just 17 min at the maximum absorption of 660 nm. Therefore, it is concluded that Cu-Ni BNPs can be successfully synthesized using Gazania rigens extract with suitable size and potent catalytic and radical scavenging activities.

Oat (Avena sativa) Extract against Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis in Human Keratinocytes.

Oat (Avena sativa) is well known for its various health benefits. The protective effect of oat extract against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in human keratinocytes HaCaT was determined. First, extracts of two varieties of oat, Daeyang and Choyang, were analyzed for fat-soluble antioxidants such as α-tocotrienol, γ-oryzanols, lutein and zeaxanthin using an UPLC system and for antioxidant activity using a DPPH assay. Specifically, an 80% ethanol extract of Daeyang oat (Avena sativa cv. Daeyang), which had high amounts of antioxidants and potent radical scavenging activity, was further evaluated for protective effect against oxidative stress-induced cell death, intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, the phosphorylation of DNA damage mediating genes such as H2AX, checkpoint kinase 1 and 2, and p53 and the activation of apoptotic genes such as cleaved caspase-3 and 7 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase in HaCaT cells. The Daeyang and Choyang oat 80% ethanol extracts had 26.9 and 24.1 mg/100 g γ-oryzanols, 7.69 and 8.38 mg/100 g α-tocotrienol, 1.25 and 0.34 mg/100 g of lutein and 1.20 and 0.17 mg/100 g of zeaxanthin, respectively. The oat 80% ethanol extract treatment (Avena sativa cv. Daeyang) had a protective effect on oxidative stress-induced cell death in HaCaT cells. In addition, the oat 80% ethanol extracts led to a significant decrease in the intracellular ROS level at a concentration of 50–200 μg/mL, the attenuation of DNA damage mediating genes and the inhibition of apoptotic caspase activities in a dose dependent manner (50–200 μg/mL). Thus, the current study indicates that an oat (Avena sativa cv. Daeyang) extract rich in antioxidants, such as polyphenols, avenanthramides, γ-oryzanols, tocotrienols and carotenoids, has a protective role against oxidative stress-induced keratinocyte injuries and that oat may a useful source for oxidative stress-associated skin damage.

LC-ToF-ESI-MS Patterns of Hirsutinolide-like Sesquiterpenoids Present in the Elephantopus mollis Kunth Extract and Chemophenetic Significance of Its Chemical Constituents.

A total of nine sesquiterpenoid lactones together with phenolic compounds and other terpenes were identified from the crude methanol extract of Elephantopus mollis Kunth. Compounds were isolated using different chromatographic techniques and their structures were determined by NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as mass spectrometry. The structures of some detected compounds were assigned based on LC-ToF-ESI-MS screening of main fractions/subfractions from flash chromatography and comparison with isolated analogues as standards. The findings revealed not only the in-source loss of water as the base peak in hirsutinolides but also the in-source loss of corresponding alcohol when the oxygen at position 1 is alkylated. The present study also draws up a complement of data with respect to hirsutinolide-like sesquiterpene lactones whose LC-MS characteristics are not available in the literature. The chemophenetic significance is also discussed. Some of the isolated compounds were reported for the first time to be found in the species, the genus as well as the plant family. The medium-polar fractions of the crude extract, also containing the larger amount of sesquiterpenoid lactones, exhibited activity both against a cancer cell line and bacterial strains. Isolated lactones were also active against the cancer cell line, while the chlorogenic derivatives also valuable in Elephantopus genus showed potent radical scavenging activity. This is the first report of cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of our samples against the tested strains and cell line. The present study follows the ongoing research project dealing with the characterization of taxa with antibacterial and antiparasitic activities from Cameroonian pharmacopeia.

Phytochemical Screening, in vitro Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory activity of Freeze-dried Borassus flabellifer L. Seed Powder

Palmyra palm tree, native to Tamil Nadu bears seasonal summer fruits (Nungu) with numerous health benefits. Preserving the fruit throughout the year is essential to enjoy its goodness and health benefits. With this focus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the phytochemical profile, in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Borassus flabellifer seed and seed coat in the freeze-dried form. Aqueous seed powder extract was used in this study. Phytochemicals were quantified using standard methods. Bioactive compounds were identified using GC-MS. Radical scavenging potential was evaluated using DPPH, Hydrogen peroxide and Nitric oxide radical scavenging assays. Anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated using Albumin denaturation assay. Statistical significance of mean values was tested using One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test and IC50 value was calculated by non-linear regression analysis using GraphPad. Saponins, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids and phenols were present in the sample. The aqueous seed powder extract exhibited potent radical scavenging activity in a dose dependent manner and the IC50 value of DPPH, Hydrogen peroxide and Nitric oxide radical scavenging assay was 415.91, 1080.19 and 13.489 μg/mL respectively. The aqueous extract also exhibited potent protein denaturation inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 1174.9 μg/mL. Results indicate that the phytochemical compounds present in the seed powder could have largely contributed to its good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

Enhancement of the Antiobesity and Antioxidant Effect of Purple Sweet Potato Extracts and Enhancement of the Effects by Fermentation.

The browning of white adipocytes, which transforms energy-storing white adipocytes to heat-producing beige adipocytes, is considered a strategy against metabolic diseases. Several dietary compounds, such as anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, induce a brown adipocyte-like phenotype in white adipocytes. In this study, we demonstrated that purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) extract (PSP) exhibited potent radical scavenging activity. In addition, PSP was found to contain large amounts of phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin compounds; the amount of these compounds was affected by fermentation. Functionally, PSP-induced adipose browning in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. The administration of PSP significantly suppressed the body weight gain and abnormal expansion of white adipose tissues in the obese mice. The expression of adipose browning-related genes was higher in the inguinal white adipose tissues from the PSP-treated mice than those in the HFD-fed mice. Moreover, PSP-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes formed multilocular lipid droplets, similar to those formed in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with a browning induction cocktail. The PSP-treated cells had an increased expression level of mitochondria and lipolysis-related genes. The browning effects of PSP were enhanced by fermentation with Lactobacillus. This study, to our knowledge, is the first to identify a new mechanism to increase the antiobesity effects of PSP by inducing adipocyte browning of adipocytes.

Myeloperoxidase Inhibitory and Antioxidant Activities of (E)-2-Hydroxy-α-aminocinnamic Acids Obtained through Microwave-Assisted Synthesis.

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an enzyme present in human neutrophils, whose main role is to provide defenses against invading pathogens. However, highly reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as HOCl, are generated from MPO activity, leading to chronic diseases. Herein, we report the microwave-assisted synthesis of a new series of stable (E)-(2-hydroxy)-α-aminocinnamic acids, in good yields, which are structurally analogous to the natural products (Z)-2-hydroxycinnamic acids. The radical scavenging activity (RSA), MPO inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity of the reported compounds were evaluated. The hydroxy derivatives showed the most potent RSA, reducing the presence of DPPH and ABTS radicals by 77% at 0.32 mM and 100% at 0.04 mM, respectively. Their mechanism of action was modeled with BDEOH, IP and ΔEH-L theoretical calculations at the B3LYP/6 − 31 + G(d,p) level. Compounds showed in vitro inhibitory activity of MPO with IC50 values comparable to indomethacin and 5-ASA, but cytotoxicities below 15% at 100–200 µM. Docking calculations revealed that they reach the amino acid residues present in the distal cavity of the MPO active site, where both the amino and carboxylic acid groups of the α-aminopropenoic acid arm are structural requirements for anchoring. (E)-2-hydroxy-α-aminocinnamic acids have been synthesized for the first time with a reliable method and their antioxidant properties demonstrated.

Experimental and theoretical approaches for the development of 4H-Chromene derivatives as inhibitors of tyrosinase

ABSTRACT Tyrosinase (TYR) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of melanin in plants, microorganisms and mammalian cells. Kojic acid (KA) is a well-known TYR inhibitor widely used as a popular cosmetic skin-lightening ingredient. However, KA is reported to have poor inhibitory activity against pigmentation within intact melanocytes or in clinical assays. In this study, a series of dihydropyrano[3,2-b] chromenedione (DHPC) (1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a and 7a) and 1,8-dioxooctahydroxanthene (DOHX) (1b, 2b, 3b and 4b) derivatives were evaluated using a DPPH radical-scavenging assay. These results showed that 7a exhibited the most potent radical-scavenging activity. Compound 7a was characterised by X-ray crystallographic studies. Molecular docking was carried out to shed light on the mode of action and types of interaction between the compounds and the target. A metal-binding study suggested that these synthetic heterocyclic compounds may behave as competitive inhibitors for the L-DOPA binding site of the TYR. Finally, molecular modeling provided important insight into the mechanism of binding interactions with the TYR copper active site.

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Tetramethylpyrazine- nitrone Derivatives as Antioxidants

Background: Thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy are the two main therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke in clinic. However, reperfusion injury causes oxidative stress leading to overproduction of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent cell death. Methods: We designed and synthesized two tetramethylpyrazine-nitrone derivatives (T-003 and T- 005) and investigated their abilities for scavenging free radicals and protective effects as well as neurite outgrowth promotion in vitro. Results: Both of them showed potent radical-scavenging activity and neuroprotective effects against iodoacetic acid-induced cell injury. Furthermore, T-003 and T-005 significantly promoted neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Conclusion: Our results suggest that compound T-003 and T-005 could be potent antioxidants for the treatment of neurological disease, particularly ischemic stroke.

Mussaenda frondosa L. mediated facile green synthesis of Copper oxide nanoparticles – Characterization, photocatalytic and their biological investigations

Green synthesis of Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) was achieved by using different parts of Mussaenda frondosa plant such as leaf, stem and leaf derived callus. Biofabricated CuO-NPs were characterized using Powder X- ray diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. The XRD spectra confirmed the formation of pure monoclinical crystalline nature of CuO-NPs with an average grain size in the range of 2–10 nm. An extremely strong Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) between 300 and 400 nm distinctly reveals the synthesis of CuO-NPs. SEM and TEM analysis revealed the formation of spherical shaped agglomerated structures amidst large surface area. EDS spectra proved the existence of copper and oxygen elements in nanomaterials. FTIR spectra explained the possible bioactive molecules liable for the reduction of copper ions. DLS analysis and Zeta potential values validated the stability of CuO-NPs. The pore width distribution by the BJH plot indicates the mixture of meso as well as macropores with large surface area confirmed by BET analysis. Furthermore, the biofabricated NPs were investigated for photocatalytic and biological applications. CuO-NPs were found to exhibit potent DPPH radical scavenging activity. The cytotoxicity study was evaluated by MTT assay against Human lung cancer cell line (A549) and affirms the potent anticancer activity of CuO-NPs. The results of photocatalytic activity of methylene blue dye under UV- light depict 97.36% degradation at 140 min of illumination. Our studies illustrate facile green synthesis of CuO-NPs and found to possess significant biomedical and industrial applications.

Fabrication of label-free and eco-friendly ROS optical sensor with potent antioxidant properties for sensitive hydrogen peroxide detection in human plasma

Herein, biogenic silver nanoparticles, Cafi-AgNPs was produced based on Cassia fistula-phenolic-rich extract (Cafi) only, without any toxic chemical reagent or organic solvent. Cafi bioactives were characterized using UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis. The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using physico-chemical techniques including UV–vis, TEM, SEM, EDX, FTIR, DLS, Zeta potential, XRD, TGA and DGA. In addition, their antioxidant properties and cytocompatibility on erythrocytes and HEK-293 cells were examined. Results show that Cafi mediated the successful synthesis of stable well-dispersed AgNPs. Cafi-AgNPs demonstrated potent reducing and radical scavenging activities against ABTS˙+, DPPH˙ and NO˙. Furthermore, Cafi-AgNPs was compatible with human erythrocytes and HEK-293 cells. Based on the superior surface plasmonic and biological attributes of Cafi-AgNPs, its potential in H2O2 sensing was evaluated. The proposed sensor demonstrated satisfactory analytical performances with linearity of 10–200 μM, detection limit of 3.0 μM for H2O2, and was successfully applied in the detection of H2O2 in human plasma.

The Effects of S-Allyl Cysteıne on Inflammatory Cascade in Lipopolysaccharide Induced Rat Sepsis Model

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a main constituent of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls and is considered a leading cause of sepsis. S-allyl cysteine (SAC) is a water-soluble organosulfur component present in garlic which has a potent antioxidant and free radical scavenger activity. The purpose of this study is to examine the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of SAC on endotoxin LPS-induced sepsis. Female Wistar albino rats were divided into 6 groups. LPS (5 mg/kg) was applied to rats in sepsis and treatment groups intraperitoneally. After 24 hours from LPS injection 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg SAC was orally administrated to treatment groups. Lung and liver 18F-fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) uptake was measured by 18FDG-PET scan. Serum levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κβ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), plasma levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tissue levels of oxidative stress markers catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) were determined. As a result of the study, MDA and NO levels of sepsis group were significantly higher than treatment groups in lung tissue. SOD activities of sepsis group was determined to significantly lower in the liver and lung tissues than the groups which were treated with SAC. Likewise, it was concluded that serum MMP-9, TNF-α and NF-κβ levels of sepsis group was significantly higher compared to levels of treatment groups. It was determined that SAC administration reduced 18F-FDG uptake in septic rats. In conclusion, SAC was observed to diminish effects of the acute toxicity and oxidative stress formed with LPS.

Antioxidant, Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitory, and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities of Extracts of the Invasive Plant Spartina anglica (Cord-Grass).

Since 2016, the invasive halophyte Spartina anglica has been colonizing mudflats along the western coast of South Korea. In order to minimize costs on S. anglica expansion management and waste-treatment of collected biomass, the potential application of the collected biomass of S. anglica was investigated. Ethanolic extracts and subfractions thereof (hexanes, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, 1-butanol, and water-soluble) of the aerial and belowground parts of S. anglica showed free radical-scavenging [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)], tyrosinase inhibitory, and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities. An ethyl acetate fraction derived from aerial parts (EA-a) showed the most potent radical-scavenging and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities, whereas tyrosinase inhibition was mainly observed in the methylene chloride soluble fractions (MC-bg) and other lipophilic fractions (ethyl acetate and hexanes layers) obtained from belowground parts. The major EA-a compound isolated and identified was 1,3-di-O-trans-feruloyl quinic acid (1) based on spectroscopic analysis, whereas the two major MC-bg compounds were identified as p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2) and N-trans-feruloyltyramine (3). Compounds 1 and 3 scavenged both DPPH and ABTS radicals, whereas 1 and 2 inhibited pancreatic lipase activity. These results indicate that extracts and fractions of S. anglica have antioxidant, anti-obesity, and whitening properties with potential pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, and functional food applications.

Generation of cyclic glutathione via the thiolactonization of glutathione and identification of a new radical scavenging mechanism

Glutathione (GSH) has two important biological activities, GSH conjugation and radical scavenging. In this work, we determined that GSH can participate in an intramolecular cyclization between the glutamic α-carboxylic acid and the cysteinyl thiol moiety under aqueous conditions. Moreover, we showed that the cyclic glutathione (cGSH) product had more potent radical scavenging activity than GSH. The cGSH radical scavenging activity occurred via a mechanism that differed from that of GSH.

Phytochemical Screening, Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Biomass from Lychnis flos-cuculi L. In Vitro Cultures and Intact Plants.

Lychnis flos-cuculi L., a species with potential medicinal value, contains flavonoids, phenolic acids, triterpenoid saponins and ecdysteroids. In this study, the antioxidant activity of plant material of L. flos-cuculi obtained from in vitro cultures compared to that of intact plants from the natural site has been evaluated for the first time. Phytochemical screening of the in-vitro-derived material by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) confirmed the presence of the aforementioned metabolite classes. The aqueous methanolic extracts from in-vitro-derived plant material and the organs of intact plants were analyzed using spectrophotometric methods to quantify total phenolics, phenolic acids and flavonoids, and determine the preliminary antioxidant activity by ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and DPPH radical scavenging activity assays. The results showed that the inflorescence (Ns-F), and flowering herb of both plants gathered from natural habitat (Ns-H) and in-vitro-derived plants from the experimental plot (ExV-H) are the materials richest in polyphenols (195.4, 113.47, 112.1 mg GAE g−1 d.w., respectively), and demonstrate the highest antioxidant activity (20.14, 11.24, and 11.46 mg AAE g−1 d.w.). The extract from callus exhibited the lowest polyphenol content and antioxidant potential. The contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and phenolic acids correlate with the results of the antioxidant capacity of L. flos-cuculi extracts.

Antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of eight neglected fruit extracts and UHPLC-MS/MS profile of the active extracts.

The 70% ethanolic extracts from eight neglected fruits; Muntingia calabura, Leucaena leucocephala, Spondias dulcis, Syzygium jambos, Mangifera caesia, Ardisia elliptica, Cynometra cauliflora and Ficus auriculata were evaluated for their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, α-glucosidase inhibitory activities as well as total phenolic content. The results of this study revealed that M. caesia fruit extract demonstrated the most potent radical scavenging activity. Among the fruits examined for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, M. calabura and F. auriculata exhibited strong activity with no significant difference. The Pearson correlation indicated that the activities of M. caesia and F. auriculata contributed by phenolic compounds. A total of 65 metabolites were tentatively identified by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHLPC-MS/MS). These findings suggested that the possible application of M. caesia and F. auriculata as a functional food with antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory properties.

Metabolomic profiling and biological properties of six Limonium species: novel perspectives for nutraceutical purposes.

The genus Limonium includes important halophyte plants containing a variety of bioactive compounds of therapeutic interest. In the present work, the untargeted phytochemical profiles of both aerial part and root extracts from six Limonium species namely, L. bellidifolium, L. globuliferum, L. gmelinii, L. lilacinum, L. sinuatum and L. iconicum from Turkey were determined. Furthermore, several biological activities (in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects) were investigated. Overall, significant amounts of total phenolics (43.64-238.18 mg g-1) and flavonoids (1.61-129.69 mg g-1) were recorded. Particularly, the root extracts of L. gmelinii, L. iconicum and L. globuliferum showed the highest total phenolic content (204.13-238.18 mg g-1), whilst the highest total flavonoid content was recorded in the root extracts of L. gmelinii (129.69 mg g-1). Overall, the tested extracts demonstrated potent radical scavenging activities in both DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (90.10-507.94 mg g-1 and 163.39-1175.34 mg g-1, respectively). However, the highest scavenging potential (p < 0.05) was displayed by the root extracts of L. iconicum. Conversely, the metal chelating ability assay revealed that L. lilacinum root extract showed the highest activity (21.03 mg g-1). Interestingly, all the extracts were found to be active inhibitors of cholinesterases (AChE (acetylcholinesterase): 4.20-5.11 mg GALAE (galantamine equivalent) per g; BChE (butyrylcholinesterase): 3.89-10.75 mg GALAE per g), amylase (0.52-1.09 mmol ACAE (acarbose equivalent) per g) and tyrosinase (119.41-155.67 mg KAE (kojic acid equivalent) per g), unlike for glucosidase (2.31-2.41 mmol ACAE per g). Taken together, these findings demonstrated a diverse chemical profiles and biological of the extracts, to be potentially considered as phytotherapeutic or functional ingredients due to their antioxidant properties and inhibition of key enzymes involved in several diseases.

Proficient synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from Tabernaemontana heyneana Wall. via green combustion method: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer and photocatalytic activities

The zinc oxide nanoparticles (T-ZnO NPs) were synthesized successfully by the application of leaf, stem and callus extracts of Tabernaemontana heyneana Wall. via the green combustion method. The structural, bonding and morphological features of T. heyneana mediated ZnO NPs (T-ZnO NPs) were explored using XRD (X-ray powder diffraction), UV–Vis (Ultra-violet visible spectroscopy), FESEM-EDS (Field Emission-SEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectra), DLS (Dynamic light scattering) and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) techniques. UV–Vis spectra revealed the presence of a band in the region between 370 and 376 nm approving the presence of T-ZnO NPs. XRD, FESEM-EDS, TEM and DLS analysis confirmed the formation of nanosized, spherical shaped, highly stable and pure crystalline wurtzite T-ZnO NPs. FTIR spectra revealed the presence of most probable phytochemicals from plant extracts involved in the processes of reduction and stabilization of T-ZnO NPs. The T-ZnO NPs could effectively inhibit the activity of DPPH (1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical (IC50 value between 467.7 and 752.3 µg/ml) exhibiting potent radical scavenging activity. The T-ZnO NPs exhibited strong anti-inflammatory (membrane stabilization) activity. The antidiabetic potential of T-ZnO NPs was assessed and found to exhibit excellent α-glucosidase (IC 50 at 16.3 µg/ml) and α-amylase (IC 50 at 42.3 µg/ml) activity. The cytotoxic effect of T-ZnO NPs was investigated against A549 cell line (human lung cancer) by MTT assay which showed dose dependent response. IC50 values were found to be in the range of 89.47–185.8 µg/ml demonstrating their higher cytotoxic efficacy. AO/EB staining indicated the presence of early apoptotic cells. The percentage degradation of carcinogenic methylene blue dye was studied and an outstanding catalytic activity of 87–100% was recorded by ZnO-NPs within 160 min. Hence, T-ZnO NPs proved to be better candidates for futuristic biomedical and industrial applications.

GC-MS Profiling, Invitro Antidiabetic, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of a Novel Polyherbal Formulation

In the present study the methanol extract of a novel polyherbal formulation (PHF) was studied for alpha (α)- amylase and alpha (α)-glucosidase inhibition using an in vitro antidiabetic model. The polyherbal extract were also examined for its antioxidant activity by using free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging method. The study revealed that the polyherbal formulation exhibit potent radical scavenging activity using DPPH as substrate. The methanol extract exhibited significant α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with an IC50 value 31.52±0.74µg and 53.13±0.97µg respectively and well compared with standard acarbose drug. Further, antibacterial activity of methanol extract of PHF valuated against standard strains, the tested extract showed more potent inhibitory effects on both Gram (+) bacteria and Gram (-) bacteria. Thus, it could be concluded that due the presence of antioxidant components the plant extract have well prospective for the management of diabetes and the related condition of oxidative stress. This knowledge will be useful in finding more potent antidiabetic principle from the natural resources for the clinical development of antidiabetic therapeutics.

A greener protocol for the synthesis of phosphorochalcogenoates: Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities.

In this contribution, a metal- and base-free protocol has been developed for the synthesis of phosphorochalcogenoates (Se and Te) by using DMSO as solvent at 50°C. A variety of phosphorochalcogenoates were prepared from diorganyl dichalcogenides and H-phosphonates, leading to the formation of a Chal-P(O) bond, in a rapid procedure with good to excellent yields. A full structural elucidation of products was accessed by 1D and 2D NMR, IR, CGMS, and HRMS analyses, and a stability evaluation of the phosphorochalcogenoates was performed for an effective operational description of this simple and feasible method. Typical 77Se{1H} (δSe=866.0ppm), 125Te{1H} (δTe=422.0ppm) and 31P{1H} (δP=-1.0,-13.0 and-15.0ppm) NMR chemical shifts were imperative to confirm the byproducts, in which this stability study was also important to select some products for pharmacological screening. The phosphorochalcogenoates were screened invitro and exvivo tests for the antioxidant potential and free radical scavenging activity, as well as to investigation toxicity in mice through of the plasma levels of markers of renal and hepatic damage. The pharmacological screening of phosphorochalcogenoates indicated that compounds have antioxidant propriety in different assays and not changes plasma levels of markers of renal and hepatic damage, with excision of 3g compound that increased plasma creatinine levels and decreased plasma urea levels when compared to control group in the blood mice. Thus, these compounds can be promising synthetic antioxidants that provide protection against oxidative diseases.