Post-production Process Research Articles

Technological Aspects of Documentary Video Production: From Post-Production to Stabilisation Systems and Automatic Focusing

The purpose of the research is to identify the influence of modern technologies on the process of creating documentary videos and their importance for the development of this genre; to highlight the role of the post-production process in creating documentary videos and its impact on the narrative and the viewers’ impressions; to consider the principles of automatic focusing systems; to compare different types of stabilisation. Research methodology. The following methods were used: theoretical – to analyse scientific papers and publications related to modern technologies in video production and their impact on documentary video; analysis and synthesis – to study advanced technologies in video shooting and video processing, including post-production software, camera stabilisation systems, automatic focusing systems and their impact on video development; generalisation and systematisation – based on the source material and video, conclusions are drawn, and the theoretical basis of the study is systematised. Scientific novelty. The essence of the scientific novelty of the article lies in a thorough study of modern technologies that affect the production of documentary video content at all stages – from post-production to the shooting process. Analysing these technologies in the context of documentary cinema opens up new opportunities for creators. It contributes to the development of the video production industry, ensuring higher quality and impact of documentary works on modern society. Conclusions. The study analyses modern technologies that make creating documentary videos easier and improve quality. Advanced cameras, post-production software, stabilisation systems and automatic focusing are studied in detail. It was found that this allows for achieving high image standards and increasing production productivity. These technological innovations contribute to the development of documentary cinema and expand the creators’ opportunities to cover various aspects of society and nature.

Audience perceptions of Foley footsteps and 3D realism designed to convey walker characteristics

Foley artistry is an essential part of the audio post-production process for film, television, games, and animation. By extension, it is as crucial in emergent media such as virtual, mixed, and augmented reality. Footsteps are a core activity that a Foley artist must undertake and convey information about the characters and environment presented on-screen. This study sought to identify if characteristics of age, gender, weight, health, and confidence could be conveyed, using sounds created by a professional Foley artist, in three different 3D humanoid models, following a single walk cycle. An experiment was conducted with human participants (n=100) and found that Foley manipulations could convey all the intended characteristics with varying degrees of contextual success. It was shown that the abstract 3D models were capable of communicating characteristics of age, gender, and weight. A discussion of the literature and inspection of related audio features with the Foley clips suggest signal parameters of frequency, envelope, and novelty may be a subset of markers of those perceived characteristics. The findings are relevant to researchers and practitioners in linear and interactive media and demonstrate mechanisms by which Foley can contribute useful information and concepts about on-screen characters.

MEKANISASI PERTANIAN MELALUI INOVASI TRAKTOR BAJAK SAWAH RAKITAN DENGAN PENGGERAK MESIN MOTOR BEKAS

The agricultural sector is a source of food supplies. One of the problems that farmers often face in agricultural business is that they still use traditional technology so it is less effective. This research aims to innovate a rice plow tractor using an assembly with a used motor engine. Manufacturing is divided into 3 processes, namely the pre-production process, production process and post-production process. The results of the research produced a rice plowing tractor driven by a used motor engine which has been tested and implemented in several rice fields in Wonogiri Regency. The advantages of the "Assembled Tractor with Used Motor Engine" innovation compared to existing tractors are: the price is more affordable for farmers; specifications can be adjusted to suit needs; easy to use and practical; better land yields. The existence of a Tractor Assembled from Used Motorcycle Engines is a transformation for farmers towards farming that is more affordable, effective and environmentally friendly with the function of local products being no less than foreign products.

Microwave-Assisted Enzymatic Esterification Production of Emollient Esters.

Currently, esterification production of isopropyl myristate (IPM) or isopropyl palmitate (IPP) uses a homogeneous or heterogeneous acid substance as a catalyst and is conducted at high temperatures and pressures. Utilization of this type of catalyst requires an additional postproduction process (neutralization and purification), which burdens the production cost. Microwave enzymatic esterification is a simple and fast method. The results showed that reaction time, ratio molar of fatty acids to isopropyl alcohol, catalyst weight, and microwave power have a significant effect on the IPM or IPP conversion. Further, the energy consumption of this process is less than other enzymatic esterification and is certainly more energy efficient, which could save 99 and 29% of processing time.

ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY ACOUSTIC PANEL DESIGN FROM CURTAIN WASTE

Using leftover industrial curtain fabrics, this study aims to develop environmentally friendly acoustic panels. In this context, two forms of curtain fabric waste, blackout and dimout, which are segregated as waste from post-production process within Oba Perdesan, are transformed into fiber utilizing mini shredder. The hot press method is used to produce composite samples made of 100% blackout and 50% blackout/ 50% dimout fabric waste in two different thicknesses (0.5 and 1 cm). The thickness, density, basis weight, FTIR, sound absorption coefficient, and sound transmission loss of the manufactured panels are measured. The FTIR analysis reveals the distinctive peaks of the raw materials of the structures, while the acoustic test results show that the sound absorption coefficient and sound transmission loss increase along with the thickness and basis weight of the structures, respectively. While the 1 cm blackout/dimout blend sample has a superior sound absorption coefficient for 2000 Hz with 0.81, the 1 cm 100% blackout sample performs highest with 10dB sound transmission loss. The produced panels aid in solid waste management while consuming minimal raw materials, and an essential step is taken toward the development of sustainable, practical, and decorative panels.

Content Production and the Contemporary Film and Television Industry: A Study of the LED Screen Virtual Production Studio

<p>自2019 年《曼達洛人》（The Mandalorian ）影集採用LED 幕取代藍、綠幕的製作方式，已為影視產業帶來新的變革。因此，本研究試圖探討LED幕虛擬製作室對當代影視產業、影視內容產製與視覺美學之影響。研究方法採用文獻分析法與深度訪談法，研究結果首先得出採用LED 幕虛擬製作室時，後期製作必須在前期階段就展開，且要在拍攝前完成虛實景物預覽等工作，此「後期前製化」改變了產製流程。其次，LED 幕虛擬製作室目前以製作廣告、MV 類型為多，建議未來可以開發電影或影集來擴展製作內容與國際競爭力。最後在視覺美學方面，多種數位科技的深度混合可讓演員進入虛擬空間演出時，感知到周遭環境的真實性，進而創造擬真性的虛實影像，以引發觀者沈浸在感知真實性之美學體驗。</p> <p> </p><p>The use of LED screens instead of blue and green screens for production in The Mandalorian television series since 2019 has brought about a revolution in the film and television industry. This study aims to explore the impact of LED screen virtual production studios on the contemporary film and television industry, content production, and visual aesthetics. The study employed literature analysis and in-depth interviews as research methodologies. Findings indicate that, firstly, the adoption of LED screen virtual production studios requires the post-production process to be initiated during the pre-production stage, and the preview of virtual and real scenery must be completed before shooting, resulting in a change in the production process. Secondly, LED screen virtual production studios are currently primarily used for producing advertisements and music videos. The study suggests that, in the future, the studio can be employed for creating films or television series in order to expand the range of content production and increase international competitiveness. Finally, the deep integration of various digital technologies in visual aesthetics allows performers to perceive the realism of their surroundings while performing in the virtual space, thereby creating a realistic virtual image to immerse viewers in an aesthetically pleasing experience of perceptual realism.</p> <p> </p>

Academy Awards On The Axıs Of Dıgıtalızated Cınema Cameras: An Evaluatıon Of The Competıtıon Movıes Selectıon

The digital revolution of cinema started with the post-production process and has changed all the dynamics of film production and distribution today and brought a new discipline. Festivals, awards and competitions, which are an area where films can introduce and highlight themselves, are also organizations that are directly affected by digitalized cinema, such as the creation of selections from the past to the present, the evaluation and rewarding of films. 
 This research aims to question the nomination preferences of the Academy Awards, where mostly the films produced by the mainstream American cinema from past to present, compete with the digital revolution, the preferences of the candidates fort he competition films and different geographies on the axis of digitalized cinema cameras. This descriptive field study uses the embedded theory method with a systematic pattern. Limitation is determined as the period between 2006-2023 at the Academy Awards. As a result, after 2010, it is revealed that a structural transformation has been experienced in which non-American mainstream cinema production, low-budget independent films competed and won awards in many categories, including the “Best Picture” award at the Academy Awards, and films produced for digital platforms could compete.

Application of Improved Image Processing Technology in New Media Short Video Quality Improvement in Film and Television Postproduction

With the development of film and television industry and the rise of new media short video, film and television postproduction process has higher and higher requirements for image quality. In film and television postproduction, optimizing the image quality can enhance the resolution and make the image more vivid and detailed. High-quality image can fully embody the value of film and television, as well as promote the development of new media short videos. This paper optimizes image quality by improving image processing technology, thus improving the quality and value of film and television and new media short videos. In this paper, a convolutional neural network combined with a nonlinear activation function is used to establish an improved image processing technology model to efficiently extract image features. This technology can enhance the ability to extract image features, improve the accuracy of image feature extraction, and then improve the image resolution and details, thus improving the image quality in the process of film and television postproduction. The results show that the average value of PSNR is 30.29. The average value of PSNR of the proposed algorithm is higher than that of other algorithms, indicating that the error between the image processed by the proposed algorithm and the original image is small. The average SSIM of the algorithm in this paper is 0.903, which is closer to 1. Compared with other algorithms, the structure processed by the algorithm in this paper is more similar to the original structure, resulting in a better graph. The algorithm in this paper has the best performance on both the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and the structural similarity (SSIM). The improved image processing technology proposed in this paper can effectively improve the accuracy of image feature extraction, making film and television or new media short video images of higher quality.

An optimal freshness-keeping effort model for fresh produce with constraints of special funds

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>The quality deterioration in the post-production process of fresh products is very serious, and the life-cycle freshness-keeping technology investment is an effective way to reduce the deterioration. Because the investment cost is high in practice, enterprises need to allocate special funds for each stage to maximize their marginal revenue. In this paper, we use freshness to characterize the quality level of fresh products and investigate a maximize marginal revenue problem where a firm assigns special funds for the freshness-keeping effort with each post-production process. An optimal freshness-keeping model with the constraints of special funds is discussed. The investigation shows that both the optimal freshness-keeping effort and the closed-form optimal solutions of enterprises exist uniquely. A reasonable freshness-keeping investment in different post-production processes can improve the performance of enterprises with limited fund constraints. We then simulate the effect rules of funds constraint on these solutions based on numerical analysis and give some management insights.</p>

Analysis of Eevee Engine Rendering Engineering in Making 3D Animation Videos Mukomuko Hospital

Blender is a free and open source 3D computer software, Blender is used to create animated films, visual effects, and video games. This software features 3D modeling, UV unwrapping, texturing, ringing and skinning, fluid and smoke simulation, particle simulation, animating, match moving, camera tracking, rendering, video editing, compositing and a built-in game engine. Where we can design and create 3D animated films not only as a medium of entertainment in cinema, but also can be used in various fields including visual socialization media, which can bring new colors in the delivery of information. The formulation of this research is to determine how long the render time is generated to perform the rendering process using the Eevee rendering engine in Blender Software with a video duration of 54 seconds and a resolution of 320, 720, 1080 pixels on the 3D animation video of Mukomuko Hospital and the quality of the graphics/visuals produced by Eevee rendering engine. The animation video used is the 3D animation “Mukomuko Hospital”. The process of making animation using Blender 3D application and Adobe Premiere CC animation video design. The software used is Blender 2.82. The duration of the video analyzed using Eevee Engine Render is 54 seconds. The image resolution analyzed using the Eevee Engine is 320, 720 and 1080 pixels. The conclusion of this research is in the pre, production and post production process of 3D animation video at RSUD Mukomuko in accordance with the planning made previously. The rendering time generated to perform the rendering process using the Eevee rendering engine in Blender Software with a video duration of 54 seconds and a resolution of 320, 720, 1080 pixels, obtained various results with their respective advantages and disadvantages.

Empowerment for Increasing of White Oyster Mushroom Cultivation to the Next Level

This service partner is a white oyster mushroom cultivator and is classified as an economically productive partner, domiciled in Bedian Hamlet, Jambesari Village, Jambesari Darus Sholah District, Bondowoso Regency. He was domiciled in Bedian, Jambe Sari Village, Jambesari Darus Sholah District, Bondowoso Regency. Service Objectives: (1) partner to be more productive and have high entrepreneurial value (2) student can be improve the experience of studying outside the campus as one of the MBKM implementations. Implementation of activities includes: (1) Planning, (2) Administration preparation and Team coordination, (3) Continuous assistance from pre-production to post-production, (4) Evaluation (5) Controlling. The results of the activities: (1) Overcoming constraints on kumbung conditions, (2) Overcoming obstacles during the baglog filling process, (3) Overcoming obstacles in the baglog sterilization process, (4) Overcoming obstacles in the process white oyster mushroom production, (5) Overcoming obstacles in the post-production process, (6) providing added value to the production of white oyster mushrooms into mushroom chips.

Buku Bergambar “Self Healing” Sebagai Media Edukasi Untuk Remaja Pasuruan

Pasuruan is an area that has many talented young people. As an area with a lot of potential for the younger generation, Pasuruan is very concerned about education on their mental health. However, the development of awareness of self-healing is quite slow due to the influence of some social environments that pay less attention to mental health and mental wounds. Another factor is the lack of educational media regarding self-healing. Therefore, it is necessary to make some kind of illustration for educational media in the form of picture books, so that teenagers know that mental wounds can be healed by self-healing. The research method used in conducting this research is observation, namely making direct observations to the intended location and conducting interviews with resource persons. Then supported by literature study sourced from books and journals. The design process for making this picture book starts from the Pre-Production stage which includes the script and rough layout. For the Production process is the character visualization process, coloring, editing process. And for the Post-Production process is the process of finishing, publishing and testing. The test was carried out through a media questionnaire which was distributed to 30 respondents of late teens to find out how well they understood this book. The results of the questionnaire show that this book can be understood well. Thus, this self-healing picture book is appropriate to be used as an educational medium for teenagers.
 Keywords : Ilustrated book, media education, caracter cisualisation, self healing.

Conversion of leftover ice cream into bakery product for food sustainability

Food sustainability has become so important nowadays not only in order to ensure all raw materials are converted into food for consumption, but also to recycle leftover food for gastronomy. The innovative product created from leftover or unfinished food is a good alternative to throwing away food by-products. In this study, the unutilized ice cream post -selling or post-production process was reformulated with other ingredients to produce bakery products such as cake. Four different cake formulations were used which consisted of melted leftover ice cream, instant cake mix and eggs. The physical qualities of the samples were investigated, and sensory evaluation was also conducted. Cake made conventionally from instant cake mix without the addition of the leftover ice cream was used as a control sample in this study. Cake produced from melted ice cream using three eggs (sample A) had the highest moisture content among all samples which was 39.09%. The control sample had the highest specific volume (2.99 cm3 /g) which indicated a high amount of air remained in the structure after baking. All samples showed a positive symmetry index which indicated good expansion except for cake produced from melted ice cream with no egg (sample D). Cake produced from melted ice cream with no egg (sample D) had the lowest firmness as compared to other cake samples. Cake produced using melted ice cream which contained two eggs (Sample B) had the highest value of springiness which was 0.94 mm. A plot of chewiness as a function of firmness with an R 2 value of 0.9887 confirms the positive correlation between firmness and chewiness. From the sensory evaluation conducted, the cake produced from melted ice cream using three eggs (sample A) scored the highest mark for colour, aroma, sweetness, taste and overall acceptability among the formulated cakes. The results suggested that using melted ice cream as the base ingredient for cake making would tremendously help in solving food waste created by the by-product of the ice cream business and turn it into profit.

Impact considerations of post-production processes on cell and gene drug products

Cell and gene therapies are demonstrating clinical efficacy, but prohibitive product costs and operational complexity bottlenecks may limit expanded patient access to these innovative and transformative products. An initial survey and subsequent article published through the International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy in 2017 presented a roadmap on how specific steps, from tissue procurement and material acquisition to facility operation and production, contribute to the high cost of cell and gene therapies. Herein the authors expanded the investigation to provide considerations to better understand how post-production procedures can impact a product's accessibility to patients. The administration of a drug product to and follow-up in a patient involve key decisions in several post-production process areas, such as product storage, distribution and handling logistics and compliance, across the value chain through integrated data management solutions. Understanding as well as carefully evaluating these specific components is not widely considered during early process development but is critical in developing a viable product life cycle.

Programming gender: surveillance, identity, and paranoia in Ex Machina

ABSTRACT This article examines the 2015 film Ex Machina as a cultural text that exemplifies the technologization of gender within algorithmic culture. Analysing different textual elements — the narrative diegesis, the marketing material, and the digital techniques used in the VFX post-production process—I argue that gender is consistently figured as a kind of technology. That is, gender is systematised, codified, and reduced to a programmed set of instructions that can be used by machines to manipulate and deceive. I argue that understanding gender through its figuration with the technological, specifically through code and algorithms, raises pertinent issues concerning surveillance, race, and bias. This is reflected in the film through a problematic representation of racialised figures, particularly techno-Orientalist tropes of labouring Asian bodies.

Femtosecond laser structuring of permeable and resorbable biomaterial

Abstract Bioresorbable nanofiber nonwovens with their fascinating properties provide a wide range of potential biomedical applications. Modification of the material enables the adjustment of mechanical and biological characteristics depending on the desired application. Due to the nanosized fiber network, post-production structuring is very challenging. Within this study, we use femtosecond laser technology for structuring permeable and resorbable electrospun poly-L-lactide (PLLA) membranes. We show that this post-production process can be used without disturbing the fiber network near the structured areas. Furthermore, the modification of the water permeability and mechanical characteristics due to the laser structuring was investigated. The results prove femtosecond laser technology to be a promising method for the adjustment of the membrane properties and which in consequence can help to optimize cell adhesion, enable revascularization and open up applications of nanofiber membranes in personalized medicine.

Designing Motion Comic About Information of Indonesian's Traditional Medicine

Jamu is an Indonesian traditional health beverage, but among young people it is deemed out-of-date and a drink for old people. These images take form because young people only get minimal exposure to jamu and because there are modern beverages that they prefer. In this project the theme of information about jamu will be presented in the form of a digital comic, because the interest of reading textbooks among young people has been gradually diminishing and they prefer reading entertainment books, such as comic books. This project uses literature study and interview study. The literature study is conducted to get information about the theme and the design theories that are going to help with the process of designing the project. The interview study is carried out to know more about the image of jamu among young people, which in turn helps with the script writing and the process of making the digital comic. The final product of this project is a motion comic. Visual research study and keywords are adjusted to the target audience of this project. The result of the research is used as a guidance in the while process of making the digital comic, from the pre-production to the post-production process. This paper focuses on discussing about the application of several design theories in the motion comic project

CHOPPED-POT SITUATION IN TEACHERS DEVELOPMENT VIA ACTION RESEARCH TECHNIQUES IN CYBER ERA

Chopped-pot (chop pot) is a poker term and a critical opening metaphor for this article. Applied action research steps and these extensions are necessary for practice during a pandemical situation in unstable and challenging teaching at universities in Czechia. Forms of teaching, personal contact and process of monitoring students’ results have changed dynamically. Mass influence of pandemic situation stopped actions at schools and many institutions all over the world. In Czechia, there has been transferred all practical and cognitive (theoretical) subjects to cyberspace. Due to the lack of government information, public fear and low digital literacy level, students have been learning in virtual classes and individual consultations. Many of them have lost contact with their critical practice and opportunities to transfer their knowledge into the school environment. We tried to modify classical action research approaches to new conditions in cyberspace and use it for pre-service and teachers’ innovation from an innovative perspective. In the methodological part, there is research presented from a full semester of gradual teachers’ development. The constructed research tool was tested in virtual conditions and monitored activities and the progress of development in teachers’ self-reflection for their future daily practice. The mixed design of research tools and a combination of the postproduction process of data open scientific feedback for their subjective inquiries in the individual personal development of educational staff in Czechia via action research model.

Water conservation in beverage production: examining corporate water stewardship programs

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of the current water conservation methods of beverage companies and provides suggestions for beverage companies on bet water stewardship strategies. In this paper, I answer two research questions: what are beverage companies’ water conservation strategies? What are the results, and how are the results measured? Four case studies on leading beverage companies are presented. The strategies are categorized by their contributions to different phases of production: the pre-production process, the production process, and the post-production process. Methods in the pre-production process concentrate on sustainable agriculture because agriculture consumes the most amounts of water resources. Strategies in the production process are operation management and plant redesign because they can effectively reduce water consumption in manufacture. The most popular approach in the post-production process is partnering with an environmental organization because it can influence the most amount of people. The four companies’ empirical experiences provide other beverage companies with lessons on sustainable water consumption and reveal practical directions for future academic researches.

Agents, Design, and Creativity in Moving Image Postproduction: Conditions for Collaborative Creativity in Digital Media

This article analyzes how creativity in the making of films and TV shows is constrained as a consequence of the shift to digital production technology, and the resulting change in work activities for different crafts involved in the postproduction process. We adapt the concept of creative spaces in order to describe these constraints, and we introduce the term audiovisual assemblies to facilitate the analysis of collaboration. We argue that this study is well-accomplished by analyzing collections of existing media productions. We identify two contradicting practices: first, the development of new conventions which reallocate roles and resources in the making of audiovisual assemblies; and second, the high rate and broad range of incremental technological change which demand unconventional, but creative, problem-solving practices from everyone involved. Examples are provided from an innovative Swedish TV production.