Portuguese Translation Research Articles

Semantic equivalence in Brazilian Portuguese translation of the Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales—Revised

The Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales-Revised assesses adjustment to amputation and to using a prosthesis and considers psychosocial adjustment, activity restriction, satisfaction with the prosthesis, and other aspects related to health and physical activities, including residual and phantom limb pain. The aim of this study was to assess the semantic equivalence of the Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales-Revised when translated into Brazilian Portuguese. Qualitative study. The process was conducted in five stages: translation of the questionnaire into Brazilian Portuguese; development of a first consensual version in Brazilian Portuguese; appraisal of the translation by an expert committee; back-translation; and semantics assessment of the instrument. For semantic evaluation, the translated and adapted Brazilian Portuguese versions were applied to a convenience sample of 10 individuals. The translated instrument showed a high degree of comprehension within the target population, as it was observed all questions from Part I and II were score 4 or higher on an Ordinal Scale ranging from 0 to 5. The Brazilian version of Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales-Revised has a satisfactory verbal comprehension and is now ready for assessment of its psychometric properties. The process of semantic evaluation of the Brazilian version of the Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales-Revised makes available to health professionals and researchers who work with people with amputations initial information on cross-cultural adaptation and degree of comprehension of this scale.

Reflexão sobre a Formação em Duas Línguas Estrangeiras (Inglês e Uma Outra Língua) pelas Universidades Chinesas e Proposta da Disciplina de Tradução Inglês – Português para os Licenciandos em Português

The training of two foreign languages (usually English and another foreign language) by the Chinese universities can date back to the 1980s (Sun, 2015:91). Nevertheless, there are still some parts which need to be improved, such as the lack of adequate materials, and the insufficiency of disciplines linking knowledge of two foreign languages, for example, the disciplines on comparison, contrast and possible translation between the two foreign languages. Without such disciplines, students can only study the two languages separately, which not only increases the student's task, but also is not conducive to activating the positive transfer (Wang, 2012; Li, 2012) of English knowledge in learning a second foreign language. In addition to presenting and discussing the training of two foreign languages by the Chinese institutions, in this work, we also want to propose an English - Portuguese translation discipline for Chinese bachelor students of Portuguese. In support of this, our considerations are based on the discussion of training of two foreign languages.

Marie Cardinal Traduzida: A Trajetória internacional de seus escritos

O artigo apresenta o percurso da obra da escritora francófona Marie Cardinal, a fim de analisar a difusão das traduções de seus livros. Para tanto, essa contribuição se inicia com uma breve contextualização da vida e do trabalho da autora, relatando seus aspectos centrais e discorrendo sobre os eixos discursivos componentes de seus escritos. A seguir, retrata-se o mapeamento das traduções publicadas pelo mundo, considerado como panorama quantitativo que introduz a análise internacional do estado da arte da autora. Partindo desse levantamento, a análise tradutória enfoca o caso do livro mais vendido e traduzido para o maior número de línguas: Les mots pour le dire (1975); analisa-se também a situação de Autrement dit (1977) que, embora seja uma subsequência dessa obra e, portanto, diretamente relacionada a ela, teve repercussões divergentes. Tal análise toma como objeto os paratextos (génette, 1987) das traduções para inglês e português dos livros de Cardinal. Observando os dados presentes nos peritextos e epitextos, em nível preliminar e macroestrutural (lambert; van gorp, 1985), encontram-se informações indicativas da recepção dos livros na cultura de chegada lusófona e anglófona. Com essa pesquisa, considera-se que a obra de Cardinal constitui uma escrita particularmente maleável, podendo ser interpretada em prismas diversos; cada tradução analisada aponta, através dos paratextos, um direcionamento de leitura para o texto em questão. Supõe-se que projetos de traduções que almejem manter a maleabilidade característica da escritura da autora precisam ter em conta uma avaliação global e equilibrada dos aspectos identificados como fundamentais de seu discurso. O interesse da escritura de Cardinal para âmbitos como a crítica feminista, os estudos culturais e a psicanálise é explícito nos textos originais; pretende-se, enfim, partir desse levantamento histórico-crítico para desenvolver novos estudos, aprofundando a pesquisa sobre a contribuição de Cardinal em tais âmbitos, bem como propondo projetos de tradução inéditos e que tenham em vista esses interesses.

“When the Sun goes down”: melopeia e transcriação em On the Road de Jack Kerouac

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma transcriação eficaz do parágrafo final de On the road de Jack Kerouac, que recupere a melopeia presente no original, mas usualmente desconsiderada ou não percebida em muitas das traduções desse texto para outras línguas. Mobilizam-se aqui, para fazê-lo, as contribuições à teoria da tradução oferecidas por Haroldo de Campos em inúmeros artigos, ensaios e conferências, ao longo de quarenta anos. Após breve apresentação do livro, o artigo faz um surveyconceitual do pensamento haroldiano sobre a tradução, em seguida propõe a transcriação do trecho da obra de Kerouac referido acima, com ênfase no trabalho recriador, e cotejando as soluções propostas para o fragmento com traduções para o português feitas em Portugal e no Brasil, expandindo-se a seguir o âmbito da comparação para incluir o francês, oespanhol e o italiano. É digno de nota que, dentre essas traduções, apena a italiana demonstra um esforço bem sucedido de recuperação melopáica.

What is a Realist Theory of Law?

A “realist theory of law” has two elements: “realism” and “naturalism.” Realism in the tradition associated with Thucydides, Machiavelli, and Nietzsche aims to describe how things really are without romantic or moralizing illusions; in the legal case, we want to know what law and legal institutions are like in reality, not what we might wish them to be. Realists do not suppose that the way things are will make “moral sense” or turn out to be morally defensible. Naturalists offer explanations of legal phenomena that only invoke entities and mechanisms that figure in successful empirical sciences; naturalists, importantly, are not physicalists. Realism and naturalism about law, in the preceding senses, lead us to Hart’s positivism about legal validity; the thesis that legal reasoning under-determines judicial decision in some range of cases; the recognition that law operates primarily outside courts; and skepticism about natural law theories as ideological delusions. Final versions of this essay will appear in Spanish and Portuguese translations in journals in South America.

Portuguese translation and validation of the Patient Generated Index (PGI) instrument for patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: individualized quality of life assessment.

Objective To translate, adapt and validate the Patient Generated Index (PGI) for Brazilians with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods 50 volunteers with COPD, mostly men (74%), with 73.1 ± 8.9 years of age, FEV1 of 52.3 ± 14.5% of predicted and FEV1 / FVC of 56.2 ± 8.6% of predicted responded to PGI, to the Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and to perform Glittre Activities of Daily Living test (Glittre ADL). After 1-2 weeks, PGI was again applied for the analysis of relative and absolute reliability. Results The translation occurred without changes in the questionnaire. The score obtained in PGI had weak correlation with the SGRQ total score (r = -0.44, p <0.001) and with the impact domain (r = -0.40, p <0.05), presented a moderate correlation with the symptoms domain of the SGRQ (r = -0.55, p <0.001) and weak correlation with the activity domain (r = -0.31, p <0.05). A weak correlation was observed between PGI and Glittre ADL (r = -0.30; p <0.05). It was observed high reliability among the measures of PGI (ICCr = 0.94). Conclusion This study shows that the Brazilian version of PGI is a reliable and valid instrument to measure health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with COPD. It is a new and individualized form of evaluation of COPD patient-centered quality of life.

Salome after the Crime

POETRY Ana Luísa Amaral was born in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1956. She has written poetry, plays, children’s books, and a novel. The recipient of several national and international awards, Amaral’s works have been translated into some twenty languages. She has two books in English: The Art of Being a Tiger (2016) and What’s in a Name (2019). Margaret Jull Costa has translated such Portuguese and Spanish authors as Eça de Queiroz, José Saramago, Javier Marías, and Sophia de Mello Breyner. Twice the recipient of the Portuguese Translation Prize, in 2014 she received the Order of the British Empire for service to literature. Salome after the Crime by Ana Luísa Amaral How often I saw you and felt surprised to be looking at you. Feeling the temptation to spy on you and the desire to love what I did not have How was I to know from the naked dreams that assailed me that I was no landscape for your eyes? Lust, they say, should only exist alongside love and this was a vast and lustful crime: but I wanted you defenceless a banquet your lips my banquet How often I found myself thinking about my crime and about the history of men judging me! But what I saw on that crime-laden platter, were the eyes with which you looked at me (a me finally made landscape) and the lust that always exists in love Translation from the Portuguese By Margaret Jull Costa WORLDLIT.ORG 53 SALOMÉ BY JUANA ROMANI / MUSÉE D'ORSAY / PUBLIC DOMAIN ...

The verbal periphrasis haver + de + infinitive in the Portuguese translation of Ludolph of Saxony’s Vita Christi

With this study we intend to identify all occurrences of haver + de + infinitive periphrasis in the Portuguese printed edition of Vita Christi (Lisbon, 1495). These are the most common auxiliary verb tenses, the infinitive main verbs and the connectors that precede it. We will also refer to some particular cases, such as the use of periphrasis without the preposition de and the flexion of the main verb. As a corpus for this study, we used the Portuguese translation of Vita Christi by Ludolph of Saxony (c. 1295-1377), printed in Lisbon in 1495 by the German printers Valentino de Moravia and Nicholas of Saxony. The work, in three volumes, is composed of four parts that narrate the evangelical life of Christ, with a series of theological and moral reflections much to the taste of the time. Due to its length (1173 pages of text printed in two columns), the linguistic representation of two different moments (the translation in the early 15th century, and the printing at the end of the same century) and the impact it had on the culture of the time (the translation and printing of the work were protected by kings and queens), Vita Christi is one of the most important written testimonies to study 15th century Portuguese language.

Development of an item pool for a questionnaire on the psychosocial consequences of hypertension labelling

BackgroundHypertension is the most prevalent risk factor for cardiovascular disease globally. Roughly one-third of the adult population has hypertension. However, most people diagnosed with hypertension do not benefit from blood pressure control with pharmacologic interventions: they are overdiagnosed and overtreated and might experience negative psychosocial consequences of being labelled. These consequences are relevant outcomes that need to be assessed and validly measured to identify all benefits and harms related to interventions designed to prevent cardiovascular disease.ObjectivesTo develop a pool of items with high content validity for a draft version of a condition-specific questionnaire to measure the psychosocial consequences of being labelled with mild hypertension.MethodsWe selected relevant items from existing Consequences of Screening (COS) questionnaires. These items belonged to two groups: COS core items and potential condition-specific items. All items were originally in Danish and were translated into Brazilian Portuguese using the dual-panel method. Individual and group interviews were conducted with people with mild hypertension and low risk for cardiovascular disease, and were designed to test the translated items for face and content validity and were also used to generate new relevant items. Structured individual interviews were conducted to categorise all the items into domains.ResultsThe Brazilian Portuguese dual-panel translation of both groups of items was found to be relevant for adults diagnosed with hypertension. We generated 52 new items to achieve high content validity. The result was a set of 132 items divided into 22 domains in 2 parts. Part I was directed at the general population, whereas part II was directed only at people diagnosed with hypertension and it consisted of 38 items in 8 domains. Twelve items remained as single items. High content validity was achieved with the pool of 132 items divided into 22 domains in 2 parts.DiscussionHigh content validity was achieved for a condition-specific questionnaire measuring the psychosocial consequences of being labelled with mild hypertension. This instrument encompassed 132 items divided into 22 domains in 2 parts. Thereby, a draft of the Consequneces of Hypertension questionnaire (COH) was developed. The psychometric properties of this questionnaire will be discussed in a diferent paper.

Evidence-based practice questionnaire for physical therapists: Portuguese translation, adaptation, validity, and reliability

BACKGROUND: Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is becoming increasingly important in Physical Therapy (PT). For proper designing, implementing, disseminating and evaluating EBP in PT, a valid and reliable questionnaire measuring attitudes, knowledge, behavior, prerequisites, and barriers related to EBP and guidelines is needed. One questionnaire that could be used to collect this information is the “EBP Questionnaire”, developed by Jette et al. 2003. However, to our knowledge, no Portuguese version or published study with the Portuguese PT population was performed using this questionnaire. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to translate, cross-culturally adapt and validate the “EBP Questionnaire” to European Portuguese and for the PT population. Material and Methods: A draft version was pilot tested for content validity (n=17), and a revised version was tested for test-retest reliability (n=72). The percentage of agreement and the Kappa coefficients between the 2 tests were analyzed. Additionally, the internal consistency was calculated. RESULTS: The preliminary final version of the European Portuguese EBP questionnaire was well accepted (only the items 22, 23, 45-51 needed to be reviewed). The mean average percentage of agreement was 82% (ranged 58–97%), and the Kappa coefficients were 0.658 (ranged 0.336–0.844). In the internal consistency, the mean average Cronbach’s ? coefficients were 0.665 (ranged 0.365–0.879). CONCLUSION: The results suggested that this questionnaire can be a useful instrument for measuring self-reported beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors related to EBP in the Portuguese PTs context.

A coesão referencial em textos traduzidos do inglês para o português: a questão dos sujeitos nulos

Understanding and writing a text arise from several factors. Among them, coreference relations, which allow for the identification of the referents of linguistic expressions, are of particular importance, since they ensure referential cohesion and, thus, contribute to text cohesion. One context in which recognizing referential relations is crucial involves reference chains with anaphoric pronouns. Although all languages exhibit coreference relations, the linguistic means to establish them may vary. Thus, in the context of translation, maintaining reference chains often implies the use of adaptation strategies: when working with non-null subject source languages, such as English, and null subject target languages, such as Portuguese, translators should recognize the contexts in which, in the latter, they may or must omit the subject, without affecting interpretation nor creating vagueness, conflict of interpretations or referential ambiguity. In this work, some data about reference chains in the context of English to Portuguese translation is discussed. We identify the main mismatches in translations done by university students and present clues to help train students in translation, promoting their mastering of the grammatical and textual conditions that determine the omission vs. the realization of the subject. The results show that the main problems result either from calque of the source language properties or from the overgeneralization of null subject contexts in the target language.

Translation and validation of a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 in Brazilian adults

We examined the psychometric properties of a Brazilian Portuguese translation of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2; Tylka & Wood-Barcalow, 2015). A sample of 990 Brazilian adults (560 women, 430 men; Mage = 31.10, SD = 8.94) completed the BAS-2 and measures of life satisfaction, self-esteem, actual-ideal weight discrepancy (women only), breast size dissatisfaction (women only), drive for muscularity (men only), and disordered eating behaviours. Exploratory factor analyses indicated that BAS-2 scores reduced to a single dimension with all 10 items in women and men. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the fit of this one-dimensional factor structure following freeing of error covariances between two pairs of items. BAS-2 scores achieved full scalar invariance across sex, and men had significantly higher BAS-2 scores than women. Internal consistency coefficients were adequate and test-retest reliability was supported up to three weeks in a subsample of 221 participants (140 women, 81 men). Evidence of construct validity was demonstrated through positive associations with indices of psychological well-being and negative associations with indices of negative body image and disordered eating behaviours. Availability of a Brazilian Portuguese translation of the BAS-2 should help to promote greater understanding of positive body image in the Brazilian context.

A relevância da carta de Leibniz para Casati

n this article I discuss the problematic of the letter of 1689, from Leibniz to Ludovico Casati. This letter from Leibniz's intermediate phase, Leibniz argues the possibility that extrinsic properties as well as intrinsic properties can not distinguish completely similar things. For Leibniz the existence of indiscernible things is absurd, since the infinite intellect accompanies the multiplicity of all created things. Therefore, all things must be varied and distinct, even when it is not possible to distinguish things by their intrinsic and extrinsic properties. In this way, I analyze the letter with the intuition of understanding Leibniz's argument to Casati, as well as delimiting the Principle of the identity of the indiscernibles, as a principle of distinction. In arguing to Casati that the best possible world is guided by a reason that establishes that things are different. At the end, I provide a translation in Portuguese of this letter.

The Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale: Translation for portuguese language, cultural adaptation, and validation.

Evaluating scars is fundamental to analyse the outcome of treatments that include surgical intervention. Scales facilitate this type of assessment, but most of these measuring instruments are in different languages. The Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) is one of the most robust instruments available in the literature for the evaluation of scars, although there is no validated version in Brazilian Portuguese. The aims of this study were to culturally translate and validate POSAS for the Portuguese language of Brazil and to test its reproducibility, face validity, content, and construct. Following the methodology proposed by Beaton DE, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz, MB, Spine 2000, 25, 3186, the questionnaire was translated and adapted to the Brazilian culture. The reproducibility, face, content, and construct validity were then analysed. In all, the scale was applied to 35 patients with postoperative scars (patient version) and 35 hand surgery specialists (version for the observer). The internal consistency was tested by Cronbach's alpha, and construct validation was performed by correlating the translated instrument with the Brazilian Portuguese translation of the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS). The cultural adaptation of POSAS Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP) was confirmed. Both subscales showed strong internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.77-0.93), demonstrating reliability. The reproducibility was excellent, and the adapted scale demonstrated significant intra- and inter-observer reproducibility (r > 0.9) (P < 0.05). The validity of the construct was significant and showed good sensitivity between POSAS EMP/UNIFESP and the VSS. This study confirmed that POSAS EPM/UNIFESP can be used to evaluate patients with surgical scars in the Brazilian population. It has proven to be useful for clinical and research purposes, lending itself to capturing medical opinions and those of the patients themselves.

Assessment of neurocognitive function and social cognition with computerized batteries: Psychometric properties of the Portuguese PennCNB in healthy controls

The Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (PennCNB) is a measure of performance in 5 broader neurocognitive domains linked to specific brain systems. The current study aims to provide the psychometric properties of the Portuguese translation of the test battery, by presenting a confirmatory factor analysis and data on the test sensitivity to gender, effects of age and education in healthy individuals. The Portuguese PennCNB was administered to a sample of 152 healthy participants from the general population. We aimed to confirm the PennCNB latent structure of the Efficiency Scores (Accuracy and Speed combined) according to a 4-factor behavioral trait model. Gender differences and the effect of age and education on test performance were analyzed. The 4-factor model presented a good fit. Males and females showed different trends in performance on specific tests, although differences in efficiency scores were non-significant. Education and age showed a weak effect on efficiency scores, affecting participants’ performance differently across domains. Findings indicate that PennCNB test scores were related to their target domains, maintained their integrity in comparison to similar studies, and thus, constitutes an effective and versatile tool for clinical and multi-site research studies.

O uso de notas do tradutor na versão brasileira de três histórias clínicas de Sigmund Freud

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar, em primeiro lugar, uma discussão sobre o emprego de notas do tradutor. Para tanto, recorre-se a autores consagrados como Genette (1987; 2009), Nida (1964; 2003), Rónai (1975; 1981) e Mittmann (2003). Em segundo lugar, visa-se, aqui, a apresentar uma discussão concreta sobre a utilidade de notas do tradutor com base em exemplos extraídos da versão brasileira – ainda em processo de conclusão – de três histórias clínicas de Sigmund Freud. Mediante a apresentação dos trechos originais em alemão, contrastados com as propostas de tradução em português brasileiro, serão apontados os trechos ou as expressões que provocam a necessidade do emprego de notas do tradutor. Em seguida, sempre serão apresentadas e discutidas as notas propostas para as versões brasileiras que, em breve, deverão ser publicadas. Como resultado, este artigo mostra que, sem o emprego de determinadas notas do tradutor, alguns trechos das histórias clínicas freudianas ficariam, na versão em português brasileiro, pouco compreensíveis.

As nove vidas de um conto: as traduções de “Os mortos”, de James Joyce, em português brasileiro (1942-2018)

O presente artigo consiste em um estudo das nove traduções brasileiras de “Os mortos” (“The Dead”), do livro de contos Dublinenses (Dubliners, 1914), do escritor irlandês James Joyce (1882-1941). A primeira tradução desse conto foi publicada em 1942, e a última, em 2018. Esse artigo é, salvo engano, o primeiro estudo que abarca todas as traduções de “Os mortos” no Brasil, entre as que figuram em uma das cinco traduções integrais de Dublinenses (1964, 1992, 2012, 2012, 2018), as publicadas como livro (2014, 2016), a que está inserida em uma seleção (2013) e a publicada em revista (1942). Para este estudo de cunho comparativo, o autor e as autoras selecionaram passagens do texto em inglês para cotejá-las com suas traduções em português do Brasil, de modo a permitir uma leitura que ressalte o trabalho envolvido nas traduções, ilumine possibilidades de interpretação e sirva de fonte de consulta a futuros tradutores de Joyce.

"Minhas impressões sobre Zola", de George Moore

Na busca de seu próprio caminho como escritor, o autor irlandês George Moore teve Zola como uma das principais referências na sua formação. A relação conturbada com o escritor francês foi retratada em “My Impressions of Zola” (1894), texto cuja tradução ao português brasileiro é pela primeira vez aqui apresentada.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Jefferson Scale of Patient's Perceptions of Physician Empathy (JSPPPE) for the Portuguese population.

ObjectivesTo translate the Jefferson Scale of Patient Perceptions of Physician Empathy (JSPPPE) to the European Portuguese spoken language and to verify its reliability and validity.MethodsCultural adaptation and linguistic translation from English to European Portuguese, revision of translations, semantics equivalence, and grammar correction of the Portuguese wording were made. Readability of the Portuguese version was verified and the analysis of internal consistency and correlation with the subscale “physician–patient relationship” of the Portuguese version of European Task Force on Patient Evaluation of General Practice Care Scale (EuroPEP) were made. Reliability was tested by intertemporal stability and internal consistency. Validity of criteria and construction was also verified.ResultsThe Portuguese translation was adapted to the 8th or 9th grade level, easy to understand. There was the need to change the visual appearance of the scale, answers below sentences. Interclass correlation coefficient for reliability varied between 0.737 and 1.000 and Cronbach’s α between 0.806 and 0.877. Validity was verified by comparing values of socio-demographic variables for JSPPPE index and for EuroPEP with no differences. Correlation values between the total score and its five items varied from 0.806 to 0.934. Criterion validity against EuroPEP had a correlation of 0.831.ConclusionThis study fulfilled the necessary steps to translate, verify the validity and the reliability of the Portuguese version of the JSPPPE, with minimum layout alteration. All five items were maintained. The authors recommend the use of the JSPPPE in research and clinical practice.

A traduzir e criar: um exemplo de tradução por Rui Pires Cabral

Este texto pretende, através da análise comparativa de alguns fragmentos do texto original do poema “Landscape” da poeta norte-americana Louise Glück e de suas versões em língua portuguesa criadas pelo poeta e tradutor português Rui Pires Cabral, demonstrar como, durante o ato de tradução, simultaneamente ocorre o de criação, sendo esse último influenciado pela própria obra poética do tradutor quando esse também é um poeta/escritor. Nesse sentido, algumas características do estilo do poeta contaminam as escolhas do tradutor e acabam aparecendo nos textos traduzidos quando os confrontamos com os originais, tal como podemos observar no exemplo trazido por este artigo.