Translation Adaptation Research Articles

КӨРКӨМ КОТОРМОДО САНАРИПТИК ТЕХНОЛОГИЯЛАРДЫ КОЛДОНУУ

In today's world, digital technologies play a key role in the field of translation, especially in a formal business context. However, their use in the translation of fiction remains less common. This article explores the possibilities of using digital methods in pre-translation activities and evaluates their effectiveness in the context of translating literary works. Special attention is paid to the issues of introducing digital technologies into the work of a translator of literary texts and their potential application in teaching. Using the example of the translation of Kyrgyz poetry, the problems arising from the use of digital means, including machine translation, are considered. This article offers an analysis of the possibilities and limitations of digital technologies in the context of translating literary texts in order to improve the quality and speed of translation. Digital technologies are actively being introduced into the work of a translator, especially in such areas as written translation in official business discourse. Digital technologies are used less often in the translation of fiction, but such techniques allow for pre-translation activities. In other words, it provides a literal translation of the text and helps to find the literal meaning of each word in the dictionary. However, some digital methods can be successfully used in the translation of literary works.

Translating Ukrainian Poetry into Estonian: Acts of Identity

The reaction of Ukrainian poets to the full-scale Russian aggression against Ukraine in February 2022 has been remarkable and was noticed all over the world. Understandably, interest towards Ukraine increased, and translation of Ukrainian poetry is one of the ways to learn and to share Ukrainian culture. Estonian is a small language, not at all related to Ukrainian, and until recently, the general public knew little about Ukrainian literature; nevertheless, the reaction of Estonian translators was immediate. Given the shared experience of the Russian/Soviet domination, this is not surprising. The study seeks to explore translators’ motives and their history of discovering Ukrainian poetry and language. The theoretical framework employed in the article is that of Translator Studies, that is, the focus is on the translator’s trajectories (why and how they turn to a particular literature/author, why and how they learn the necessary language, their beliefs, ethos, personal development, etc.). A connection between Translator Studies and sociolinguistic disciplines such as language biographies, multilingualism and (personal) language policy is discussed. The data comes from interviews with three translators of Ukrainian poetry into Estonian, Igor Kotjuh, Maarja Kangro and Irena Peterson-Pavljuk who are poets themselves. Their ethnolinguistic background, language biographies and paths of becoming translators from Ukrainian into Estonian differ, but all three emphasise their dedication to Ukrainian poets.

A Comparative Analysis of Ivanhoe and the Translation

Walter Scott (1771-1832), a great English novelist in the 19th century. His historical novel Ivanhoe tells the story of England’s struggle for the throne and romantic adventure in the end of the 12th century. This paper will take the co-translated version of Ivanhoe by Zhang Yi and Mr. Liu Zunqi as the research object, and analyze the translation methods embodied in the translation version. It will focus on how the translator deals with the original text. This paper will first introduce the main situation of the original work and the author of Ivanhoe. Secondly, from the perspective of vocabulary, narrative and rhetoric, through a large number of typical examples in the original text and translation, this paper will compare the version of Zhang Yi and Liu Zunqi with the original text, analyzing the specific processing methods and techniques of the translation. This kind of research is conducive to further deepen the readers’ understanding of the application of specific strategies and methods in the process of translation of Liu and Zhang’s translation, to further promote the public’s understanding and research of Ivanhoe.

Preserving ecological balance in the English translation of classical Chinese poetry: an eco-translatology approach

Preserving ecological balance in the English translation of classical Chinese poetry: an eco-translatology approach

Kenneth Rexroth’s Translation of Du Fu Poetry from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory

Kenneth Rexroth, a well-known American poet and translator, has contributed to Du Fu poetry translation in the Western society. From the perspective of Nida’s functional equivalence theory, this research takes Rexroth’s English translations of Du Fu poems as a case to study the translation strategies adopted by Rexroth. This explores translation strategies of Du Fu poetry from the perspective of functional reciprocity theory, and is supposed to provide references for the English translation of the ancient Chinese poetry in the future. The above examples all reflect the faithfulness and accuracy of the free translation under the theory of functional equivalence, and accurately express the connotation of the original poem. Above all, the translator has adopted literal translation when translating the above verse. in order to achieve the requirement of the theory of functional equivalence, which enabled the target readers to have the same experience as the original readers. This was the most fundamental purpose of using the literal translation here.

Echivalența versurilor în subtitrări ale filmelor Disney

This paper proposes a detailed analysis of the translation process of Disney movies´ lyrics, focusing on the concept of lexical equivalence and ways of correspondence between English and Romanian. Three Disney musical films – „Frozen” (2013), „The Lion King” (1994 and 2019), and „Moana” (2016) – are selected to illustrate various lexical contexts, highlighting the ways in which words and phrases are translated and adapted to preserve the melodicity of the lyrics. The analysis also focuses on translation errors, explaining the reasons for them and offering suggestions for replacing those lyrics. In the context of translation theory, it is emphasized that the process of transfer from source to target language involves creating an equivalence that preserves the specific features of the original text. Through the Disney films, the text explores the phenomenon of equivalence in lexical correspondence, which is partial in most cases. It also discusses the particularities of verse translation, focusing on the restrictions and challenges faced by the translator, such as adjusting the number of syllables to match the musical notes. Aspects such as repetition of words and phrases, placement of punctuation marks and rhythmic characteristics of the vocal line are also considered in the translation process. In addition to linguistic issues, this analysis explores the influence of Disney films on culture and language in childhood, highlighting the importance of adapting texts written for children to moral rules and age appropriateness. By addressing these issues, the paper provides a significant insight into understanding the complexity of the translation process and how it influences the reception of cultural elements between different languages.

A Bard is Born: A New Era of Poetry Translation by ChatGPT-4

A Bard is Born: A New Era of Poetry Translation by ChatGPT-4

A Visual Analysis of Translation Studies on Chinese Poetry in the Past 20 Years (2002-2023)

This paper analyzes Chinese poetry translation journals (2002-2023) in CNKI database by CiteSpace for bibliometric analysis.It finds China s significant progress in translation strategies and theories but notes issues like declining interest and rigid methodologies. Based on this, this paper offers suggestions for future research reference.

La traducció de la poesia catalana a la Xina: dues antologies publicades

The translation of Catalan poetry into Chinese began during the1990s, after the event known as Reform and Opening Up. Until 2023, two anthologies of Catalan poetry had been published in China: Antologia de la poesia catalana contemporània (1991), translated by Wang Yangle, and Semàntica i nutrició (2018), a work by Gemma Gorga translated by Jesús Sayols. This article focuses on the two versions and analyzes a series of issues related to them: the origins and causes of their publication, their aims and their characteristics in the selection of poems. It has been discovered that the translation activities of Catalan poetry into Chinese have been influenced by multiple factors, related both to literary systems and to sociohistorical and sociocultural circumstances.

“I Can Know More Vocabularies and Their Meanings”: EFL Students’ Perceptions on the Impact of English Translation of Islamic Verses on Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition in English Lessons about Nature

<p>There is a paucity of knowledge on the use of Islamic holy references in English on learners’ Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition (IVA). This study aimed to investigate English students’ perceptions regarding the use of English translations of Islamic verses related to nature on students’ IVA. The study involved 77 senior high school students, consisting of 48 females and 29 males, from three schools in Surabaya and Pemalang, Indonesia. A case study design was employed, incorporating quantitative and qualitative data. Closed and open-ended questionnaires were the instruments, and the data were analyzed through descriptive methods and content analysis. The integrated findings showed that students viewed the potential effectiveness of English verses from the Qur’an and Sunnah in developing their understanding of IVA, Islam, and nature. Moreover, they expressed satisfaction with this approach to learning. In conclusion, students perceive that English verses from Islamic references offer significant benefits for their IVA.</p>

An Embodied Cognitive Study of Female Character Images in Rewi Alley’s Tang Poetry Translation Bai Mei & Chong Tianlin

Please refer to the URL that includes this article for the abstract.

Moral Education and Heaven–Human Relationship in Jesuit Translations of Chinese Poetry (17th–18th Centuries)

The 17th and 18th centuries were a period of extensive cultural interaction between China and the West, and also the beginning of Chinese poetry translation in the West. Jesuit missionaries were pioneers in introducing Chinese poetry to Europe. Influenced by the Confucian poetic thought of Siwuxie 思無邪 (no depraved thoughts) and Ricci’s accommodation strategy, the Jesuits translated poems from the Shangshu 尚書, the Shijing 詩經, and the Emperor Qianlong’s Imperial Odes on Shengjing 禦制盛京賦, as well as works by Fan Zhongyan 范仲淹, Du Fu 杜甫, Shao Yong 绍雍, and even the poems in the exhortations of the Ming and Qing dynasties into European languages. These poems predominantly dealt with themes of moral education, the image of virtuous monarchs, and the Chinese concept of the Heaven–human relationship. Through intentional omissions and rewriting, the Jesuits incorporated their religious and political views into the Chinese poetry. Their translated works not only enriched European knowledge of Chinese culture but also demonstrated the complexity of Chinese–Western cultural exchange.

Machine translation of Chinese classical poetry: a comparison among ChatGPT, Google Translate, and DeepL Translator

Recent studies have highlighted ChatGPT’s remarkable capabilities in machine translation. However, little attention has been paid to its application in literary translation, particularly within the realm of Chinese classical poetry. To explore the potential of ChatGPT’s abilities in poetry translation, we conducted a comparative analysis of poetry translation quality, contrasting ChatGPT (with two different prompts) with Google Translate and DeepL Translator regarding fidelity, fluency, language style, and machine translation style. The results revealed that ChatGPT outperformed Google Translate and DeepL Translator in all evaluation criteria, suggesting its exceptional ability in poetry translation. Furthermore, when employing a prompt that instructs ChatGPT to preserve the rhythm and rhyme of poems, ChatGPT demonstrated a remarkable ability to retain the beauty of the original poetic language, setting itself apart from conventional machine translation systems. Our analysis further elucidated ChatGPT’s proficiency in comprehending and translating some common symbols, imagery, and underlined semantic components which contributes to coherent and fluent translations. Our research opens up ChatGPT’s new possibilities in translating ancient literary texts into foreign languages.

Wordplay-based humor

Translating humour is comparable to working with poetry: one has to make sacrifices for the sake of equivalence. The task is further complicated when humour is anchored in multiple communication channels, such as the verbal and visual ones. The data of this article is complete Season 5 of The Simpsons animated sitcom and its Ukrainian, Russian, and German translation versions. Selected instances from the larger corpus of 526 humorous acts are discussed in light of Attardo’s (2001) General Theory of Verbal Humour and Zabalbeascoa’s (1993) concept of faithfulness in translation. They are then evaluated according to Chiaro’s (2008) typology for wordplay translation, which is expanded with concrete techniques. The findings suggest that the translator’s creativity may play a more important role than the proximity between the source and target languages.

On the Faithful Creation in Ezra Pound’s English Translation of Chinese Poetry in Cathay

Ezra Pound’s English translation of Chinese poetry has played a great role in promoting the spread of Chinese ancient poetry to the outside world. However, Pound’s translation has not been fully recognized in China due to his free and creative translation, and even criticized in the translation circle. Based on the interpretation of Pound’s own translation thoughts and analysis of some examples of Pound’s translation of Chinese poetry, this paper demonstrates that Pound’s translation is completely faithful to the original in terms of images, form and effect. And his creative translation indeed makes the translation more in line with the emotional expression of the original poem, revealing the unique poetic and aesthetic significance of Chinese poetry. Through this paper, the author believes that the greatest fidelity to poem translation lies in the intensify of the emotion and the preservation of the meeting point of poetics, so that to reproduce its aesthetic significance and achieve unity with the soul of the original poem.

Validity of OSDI-6 questionnaire in a Chinese adult population

This study aimed to evaluate the validity of the Chinese translation version of OSDI-6 (C-OSDI-6) using a virtual set-up questionnaire for dry eye disease. A total of 270 participants (136 males, 50.4% and 134 females, 49.6%) with a mean age of 28.22 ± 9.01 years were assessed, diagnosed under the criteria put forth by Dry Eye Workshop completed the Chinese translated version of the OSDI-12 questionnaire (C-OSDI-12). Validity and psychometric properties were analyzed using the study data on the selected items (a new approach called virtual validation). The six items were extracted from the C-OSDI-12 as suggested by the authors of OSDI-6 and compared. The total scores of C-OSDI-12 and C-OSDI-6 were 30.27 ± 13.19 and 6.95 ± 3.53, respectively. Significant reliability was found between the total C-OSDI-6 score and the total C-OSDI-12 score (r = 0.865, p < 0.001). Infits and outfits of the C-OSDI-6 were between 1.26 and 0.78.The C-OSDI-6 proved valid and psychometrically responsive in Chinese adult dry eye participants. The findings of this virtual validation study need to be confirmed in a longitudinal validation study on real-world use.

The descriptive analysis of paratextual elements in the case of poetry translation

Paratextual elements are significant for the construction of meaning in textual analysis. In this context, the role of paratextual elements in poetry translation, which are believed to be challenging or even impossible, is worth analyzing. Delving into the functionality and efficacy of paratextual elements, this study aims to unravel the translation choices within the light of paratextual uses in the field of poetry translation. Through the case study of Cem Yavuz’s translation of T. S. Eliot’s poetry, the study qualitatively analyzes the types of paratextual elements that are mainly provided at the notes section, the preface and a YouTube interview. Commenting on T. S. Eliot's poetic profile, Cem Yavuz emphasizes the concepts of dramatic monologue and objective correlative and bases his translation approach on these concepts. The findings acquired from the poem The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock reveal that paratextual elements such as religious, mythological, historical and technical notes are presented to enlighten the intertextual references, enhance reader engagement and awareness, and discover the authentic linguistic and emotional richness in the source. The examples extracted from the study show that the translator not only uses elegant language to sound poetic and natural, but also gives the paratextual elements a teaching role.

TRANSLATION OF COLLOQUIAL EXPRESSIONS AND SLANG WORDS IN ‘THE CATCHER IN THE RYE’ FROM ENGLISH INTO AZERBAIJANI

The challenge of translating colloquial expressions and slang words is of special interest to literary translators since these elements are tied to cultural context. To explore the issue, this article analyzes J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye and its Azerbaijani translation by Tehran Valiyev. Based on well-known theories in translation studies, the article explores what methods are used when translators come across colloquial expressions and slang words. The article addresses whether such issues are mainly due to linguistic differences or cultural ones. Additionally, the reasons for the use of the omission method in translation will be highlighted here as well. The questionnaire, along with the mixed-method approach comprising qualitative and quantitative analysis, which was distributed to 12 Azerbaijani translators, allows considerable conclusions on the strategies of different translation versions from and into colloquial language. The analysis contains 15 examples of slang words and 15 samples of original colloquial expressions from the book and its translation into Azerbaijani. The results of the study identify various methods of translation of the complete book of “The Catcher in the Rye” into Azerbaijani: adaptation, equivalent, calque, literal translate, and omission. Some translations manage to capture the essence and impact of the text while others struggle with conveying the intended message due, to differences in culture and language. The survey findings highlight the methods used by translators and underscore the importance of grasping nuances for successful translation. Respondents show a preference for adaptation seeking to connect with the target audience while preserving authenticity. Keywords: colloquial expressions, translation, slang words, cultural differences, omission.

A Study on English-to-Chinese Translation Strategies of Country Driving from the Perspective of Newmark’s Translation

Country Driving is one of the China trilogy by American writer Peter Hessler. Based on what he saw and heard in his driving around mainland China, he presents with concise language and rich cultural connotations. Its simplified Chinese version was translated by the translator Li Xueshun. Since its publication, it has been well-received by the majority of readers, which proves its literary and documentary value. Country Driving is a typical non-fiction literature work. Based on Newmark’s theory, this paper will analyze the Chinese translation version of Country Driving under the guidance of communicative translation and semantic translation in terms of language structure, rhetoric, culture-loaded words, and special language forms. It is hoped that this paper will enrich the research on the translation of non-fiction Chinese translation literary works and provide some references for future translation practice of documentary literature from the perspective of Newmark’s translation theory.

Exploring the Effect of ChatGPT on the Translation of Poetry in Literary Works: A Case Study of the David Hawkes Translation of A Dream of Red Mansions

Exploring the Effect of ChatGPT on the Translation of Poetry in Literary Works: A Case Study of the David Hawkes Translation of A Dream of Red Mansions