Phenomena In Media Research Articles

The Method of Finite Averages: A rigorous upscaling methodology for heterogeneous porous media

Rigorous upscaling techniques offer accurate and computationally-efficient strategies for modeling the average behaviors of multi-physical, multiscale phenomena in geological porous media. However, such techniques often rely on a variety of methodological assumptions that prohibit their rigorous application to practical systems (e.g., systems involving heterogeneous porous media, system-scale boundary conditions, and fine-scale dynamics that are not diffusion-dominant). In this work, we aim to formulate an upscaling methodology with few methodological assumptions to provide high levels of model generality and foster the utilization of rigorously-derived upscaled models in practice. In particular, we introduce the Method of Finite Averages (MoFA), a novel upscaling methodology for rigorously modeling heterogeneous porous media and system-scale boundary conditions. We detail MoFA’s implementation for the advective–diffusive transport of a single species and compare the methodology with classic numerical techniques, as well as other rigorous upscaling techniques, to highlight MoFA’s unique combination of rigor and generality. We then validate the derived model while demonstrating its benefits in three numerical experiments. The results suggest that (1.) the applicability and a priori error guarantees of MoFA models do not directly depend on system geometry, (2.) a model’s applicability and error guarantees can be can arbitrarily expanded and reduced, respectively, with further computational expense, and (3.) downscaling with MoFA provides an efficient strategy for generating accurate pore-scale solutions from upscaled results. Ultimately, the results evidence that upscaled models can be rigorously derived for heterogeneous porous media systems and resolved in a fraction of the time it takes to perform the equivalent pore-scale simulations.

Physics-informed and data-driven discovery of governing equations for complex phenomena in heterogeneous media.

Rapid evolution of sensor technology, advances in instrumentation, and progress in devising data-acquisition software and hardware are providing vast amounts of data for various complex phenomena that occur in heterogeneous media, ranging from those in atmospheric environment, to large-scale porous formations, and biological systems. The tremendous increase in the speed of scientific computing has also made it possible to emulate diverse multiscale and multiphysics phenomena that contain elements of stochasticity or heterogeneity, and to generate large volumes of numerical data for them. Thus, given a heterogeneous system with annealed or quenched disorder in which a complex phenomenon occurs, how should one analyze and model the system and phenomenon, explain the data, and make predictions for length and time scales much larger than those over which the data were collected? We divide such systems into three distinct classes. (i) Those for which the governing equations for the physical phenomena of interest, as well as data, are known, but solving the equations over large length scales and long times is very difficult. (ii) Those for which data are available, but the governing equations are only partially known, in the sense that they either contain various coefficients that must be evaluated based on the data, or that the number of degrees of freedom of the system is so large that deriving the complete equations is very difficult, if not impossible, as a result of which one must develop the governing equations with reduced dimensionality. (iii) In the third class are systems for which large amounts of data are available, but the governing equations for the phenomena of interest are not known. Several classes of physics-informed and data-driven approaches for analyzing and modeling of the three classes of systems have been emerging, which are based on machine learning, symbolic regression, the Koopman operator, the Mori-Zwanzig projection operator formulation, sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics, data assimilation combined with a neural network, and stochastic optimization and analysis. This perspective describes such methods and the latest developments in this highly important and rapidly expanding area and discusses possible future directions.

RÓWNANIA POLA ELEKTROMAGNETYCZNEGO W ŚRODOWISKU NIELINIOWYM

The paper proposes electromagnetic field equations from the point of view of their adaptation to numerical methods. Maxwell's equations with partial derivatives are used, written concerning field vectors, which most fully reproduce the picture of physical processes in electrical engineering devices. The values of these vectors provide comprehensive information about the field at any spatio-temporal point. The concept of creating mathematical models of electrical devices adequate to physical processes has been developed. Mathematical transformations are carried out according to the rules of differential calculus. Dynamic processes in the elements of electrotechnical devices were analyzed using the apparatus of mathematical modeling. An algorithm for implementing differential equations with partial derivative numerical methods using computer simulation was implemented. The obtained results made it possible to understand the nature of electromagnetic phenomena in nonlinear media. The paper provides calculations of the field parameters in a flat ferromagnetic plate and the groove of the rotor of an electric machine.

Rivalry of celebrity and influencer endorsement for advertising effectiveness

<p>Using the theoretical framework of the elaboration likelihood model, this study attempts to analyze the level of difference in effectiveness between celebrity and influencer endorsement in social media advertising to influence consumer purchase intention. This study highlights the phenomenon of Pantene Indonesia's social media advertising, which is endorsed by Maudy Ayunda as a celebrity endorsement and Keanu Angelo as an influencer endorsement, by comparing these two categories of endorsers. This study uses a positivist paradigm, a quantitative approach, and a survey to collect data. Questionnaires were distributed online to 400 respondents for a month in December 2023. The study used a non-parametric test because the data did not meet the normality assumption. Comparative hypotheses were tested using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with the assistance of SPSS 25. The study results indicate a significant difference between the use of influencer and celebrity endorsements in social media advertising to drive consumer purchase intention. This is demonstrated through the significance values of all variables: the quality of arguments (X1), source credibility (X2), attractiveness (X3), and purchase intention (Y), which are less than 0.005. Furthermore, the study reveals that celebrity endorsements have a higher effectiveness level than influencer endorsements. The comparative mean scores for all variables show that the average for celebrity endorsement is 37.85 compared to influencer endorsement at 36.29, which is proof of this. Through the most important route of the elaboration likelihood model that is, the quality of the endorser's arguments—consumers evaluate social media advertising messages, resulting in more persistent increases in attitudes such purchase intention.</p>

MONITORING RESEARCH IN THE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL COMMUNICATION SCIENCES

The article interprets and systematizes the idea of monitoring as a research method in the field of social communication sciences for the solution of traditional issues of journalism science and outlines the prospects of its application in view of the current issues of media science, which introduce into the research field the latest trends in the development of the mass media system at the current stage of deployment information society. The scientific value of monitoring as a research method is inseparable from its ability to see mass media as a complex heterogeneous system object and to ensure systematicity (complexity of vision, comparability of data, consistency of aspects of object analysis) of observations of this object at its different levels and in different sections. It is also important to be aware of the need to see the background as a theoretical basis for interpreting monitoring data. Self-sufficient, self-valued empirical monitoring studies of mass media activity can be good material for larger research projects, which demonstrates the high research potential of the monitoring method. Monitoring studies of mass media is the accumulation of empirical material for large-scale research projects in the field of social communications of both synchronic and diachronic type. However, only qualitative data from monitoring studies can be adequately used in the future and productively included in large-scale scientific projects, where comparison of data, combination of disparate empirical material with other analytical data is expected. Monitoring studies of mass media is a perspective of using the accumulation of empirical material for media critical studies and providing recommendations and practical advice for the implementation of mass media activities of editorial teams. This is the potential of monitoring research in the aspect of management decisions in the mass media system. The latest media phenomena that are of research interest, but have not yet entered the science of social communications as an object and subject of scientific understanding, with clearly defined parameters, are probably promising material for monitoring observations. This is a question of understanding the potential of the monitoring method in its application to the newest media phenomena that are significantly transforming the sphere of mass communication activity. Among the media phenomena that can become material for monitoring studies, the author of the article sees, first of all, such notable and influential phenomena as constructive journalism (journalism of solutions) and brand journalism. Monitoring provides an opportunity to verify, through the observation of extensive empirical material, the theoretical statements of scientists regarding the requirements for constructive journalism and brand journalism, which are formulated on the basis of the construction of a conceptual model of this type of mass media work. Thanks to monitoring, it is possible to study constructive journalism and brand journalism in terms of their use of forms of information submission, the specifics of addressing narrow target segments of the mass audience, technologies for retaining the recipient’s attention, etc. The data obtained during the monitoring can be used in a comparative study in the future, which can significantly expand the understanding of modern science about the latest media phenomena, which are still difficult to fit into the limits of scientific interpretations. If we see the latest trends and phenomena in the mass communication environment as indicators of transformations and look for factors of significant changes and shifts in social communication activity, then monitoring as a research method can be extremely useful and promising in understanding changes in the mass media system.

Computer simulation of a nonlinear wave model of transport phenomena in media with non-local effects

The main contribution of the presented article is that sufficient assumptions have been established for the modified Witham equation describing nonlinear wave propagation for transport phenomena in physicochemical systems. It is shown that when deriving Witham-type equations, the presence of spatial nonlocality of the medium can play a fundamental role. The article also discusses the issues of physical interpretation of the model under study. The principal presence of non-local effects in the studied systems can be justified and obtained as a result of the presence of domains with a complexly organized spatial structure, as well as the presence of heat and mass sources. Computer modeling was carried out and the results were obtained using the Java programming language.

Modeling anomalous transport in fractal porous media: A study of fractional diffusion PDEs using numerical method

Abstract Fractional diffusion partial differential equation (PDE) models are used to describe anomalous transport phenomena in fractal porous media, where traditional diffusion models may not be applicable due to the presence of long-range dependencies and non-local behaviors. This study presents an efficient hybrid meshless method to the compute numerical solution of a two-dimensional multiterm time-fractional convection-diffusion equation. The proposed meshless method employs multiquadric-cubic radial basis functions for the spatial derivatives, and the Liouville-Caputo derivative technique is used for the time derivative portion of the model equation. The accuracy of the method is evaluated using error norms, and a comparison is made with the exact solution. The numerical results demonstrate that the suggested approach achieves better accuracy and computationally efficient performance.

Whose feminism is it anyway? Reinterpreting digital media and feminisms from the non-metropolitan global south

ABSTRACT This paper seeks to reflect on the ways in which a non-metropolitan academic feminist community engages with digital media to reimagine the discipline of Women’s Studies, and consequently feminist politics. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in a Women’s Studies Centre at a university in Tamil Nadu, India, this paper moves away from the framework of the digital as simply enabling or empowering, and instead seeks to examine these digital cultures as shaped by the particularities of their geographic coordinates, and as part of a larger media environment which is characterised as much by continuities as it is by innovations. In doing so, it attempts to understand feminisms as media phenomena that are actively shaped by and shaping media technologies and discourses. It argues that Women’s Studies scholars in these locations, operating from hybrid geographical and digital places, enable the possibility of decentring feminist scholarship and thus allow for a reframing of the digital. To do this, it focuses on three distinct areas of engagement—the co-creation of knowledge in Tamil language Wikipedia, interactions on social media platforms, and their engagements with little magazines in their online avatars.

Plasma-infused solitary waves: Unraveling novel dynamics with the Camassa–Holm equation

This investigation employs advanced computational techniques to ascertain novel and precise solitary wave solutions of the Camassa–Holm ([Formula: see text]) equation, a partial differential equation governing wave phenomena in one-dimensional media. Originally designed for the representation of shallow water waves, the [Formula: see text] equation has exhibited versatility across various disciplines, including nonlinear optics and elasticity theory. It intricately delineates the interplay between nonlinear and dispersive effects in wave systems, with nonlinearity arising from component interactions and dispersion rooted in the temporal spreading of waves. Furthermore, the [Formula: see text] equation governs the spatiotemporal evolution of wave profiles, encompassing both nonlinear and dispersive influences. Notably, the equation allows for soliton solutions — localized wave packets sustaining their form over extended distances. The identification of precise solitary wave solutions holds paramount significance for comprehending the [Formula: see text] equation’s behavior in diverse physical contexts, such as fluid dynamics and nonlinear optics. Moreover, this study establishes a correlation between the investigated model and plasma physics, demonstrating the efficacy and efficiency of the employed computational techniques through benchmarking against alternative computational methods. This augmentation underscores the broader relevance of the [Formula: see text] equation, extending its applicability to provide insights into wave phenomena analogous to those encountered in plasma physics.

Rethinking #thedress: On the social aesthetics of viral ambiguity illusions

The social media phenomenon known as #thedress, a photograph of a dress that appeared to be either blue and black or white and gold, has been called one of the most viral debates of the twenty-first century. While many scientific explanations have been offered to explain the image’s mysterious color ambiguity, this article analyzes #thedress as an example of a broader genre that I call viral ambiguity illusions, images or sounds that can be perceived in two or more ways, and which invite users to share their perception through likes, comments, and hashtags. Drawing on the social dimensions of aesthetic theory (especially beauty), I argue that viral ambiguity illusions satisfy a distinctly aesthetic desire to share our diverging perceptions with others at historically unprecedented scales, forming what I call aesthetic publics. Ultimately, this aesthetic understanding of viral ambiguity illusions can help nuance assumptions about the polarizing effects of social media.

Spatiotemporal optical vortex reconnections of multi-vortices

Vortex reconnections are ubiquitous events found in diverse media. Here we show that vortex reconnections also occur between spatiotemporal vortices in optical waves. Since vortices exhibit orbital angular momentum (OAM), the reconnections of optical vortices create a variety of connected OAM states. Dispersion and diffraction can cause different reconnection pairs, depending on the orientation of the vortices. The transverse crossing of two vortices with a topological charge of one can produce unique vortex loop reconnection patterns. Higher topological charges result in arrays of vortex loops and connection points. Crossing of three vortices produces spherical structures made of three symmetrical vortex arms. A three vortices reconnection with higher topological charges develops complicated patterns similar to turbulence cascade phenomena in other media. Studying optical vortex interactions may bring insight into vortex reconnections in other fields. We also provide experimental results of two-vortex loop interaction.

The specifics of digital media and the communication role of media content consumers in assessing the student audience (based on the materials of a sociological study)

The article highlights the results of a study, the subject of which was the student audience's ideas about the specific characteristics of digital media, the role and place of authors and consumers of media content in the communication process. The authors consider such aspects of the topic as awareness of the reasons that encourage the audience to turn to digital media content; the grounds and directions for evaluating relevant media phenomena; reflection on the activity or passivity of the role that the audience assumes. Particular attention is paid to the respondents' perception of social norms and rules that determine the forms and types of communicative behavior in the digital media space, since the dynamism of their development disposes not only to search for options for adaptation to innovative technologies for working with information, but also to search for a reliable value basis both in the field of media communications and in broader areas of social life. During the research, the questionnaire method, descriptive method and analysis method were used. The respondents included students majoring in Advertising and Public Relations. In analyzing digital media, the target audience relies on both their own individual experience and the experience gained from studying theories and practices relevant to specialists in the field of communication studies. In the process of reflection on the specific characteristics of digital media, students demonstrate primarily a value-based approach, choosing traditional moral values and norms as the basis for evaluating the studied phenomena. The main attention is paid to the problem of responsibility to society of both authors and consumers of media content, who must be guided by such requirements as honesty, conscientiousness and willingness to act in the interests of the majority of people. Analyzing the role of communicators, students, in addition to being involved in ethical issues, also demonstrate a desire to develop critical thinking and personal development. The activity of this role, however, is assessed in two ways: respondents record both the opportunity for digital media audiences to act as active figures implementing the function of co-authors of media content, and their exposure to media influence, in which the active role of co-authors is replaced by the passive role of addressees who act within the dominant code.

Coupling of multicomponent transport models in particle-resolved fluid-solid simulations

An accurate and self-consistent methodology for mass transport of multi-component mixtures in multi phase media is a necessity for a proper description of complex physical and chemical processes in reactors such as catalytic packed beds. In this regard, a novel methodology has been developed to describe and couple underlying transport phenomena in fluid and porous media as well as at the solid-fluid interface. The methodology is symmetric as it treats all components in a mixture equally. The Maxwell-Stefan equations are symmetrically formulated, discretized conservatively and coupled with a compressible flow solver for the fluid part. The Dusty Gas Model is applied inside porous media by developing a self-consistent and robust numerical formulation. A ghost-cell Immersed Boundary Method is used to capture the physics at the solid-fluid interface with the implementation of a novel symmetric non-singular mass flux formulation. Several test cases are established to demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the newly developed symmetric methodology in this paper. These test cases can be used as benchmark for the future development of symmetric methodologies for multicomponent systems in multi phase media.

Before Stockholm: Emotions and Victimhood in Mediterranean Kidnapping Narratives, 1866–1921

AbstractFifty years ago, the infamous bank robbery and ensuing hostage crisis that took place in a Stockholm bank gave rise to the so-called ‘Stockholm syndrome’. Though never recognized as a valid medical diagnosis, the (allegedly) pathological relationship between kidnapper and hostage has become an omnipresent media phenomenon that inspires movies and television series to this day. However, this forced bond was not always seen as problematic. The years between 1860 and 1910 witnessed the rise of kidnappings in the Mediterranean world (Southern Italy, Greece, the Ottoman Balkan region, and Morocco) involving English, American, and European hostages. Today, we know about these incidents from autobiographical narratives by the former captives. They painted a surprisingly favourable picture of their captors – and found enthusiastic audiences for their stories. Looking at the interplay of feelings, coercion, and empowerment, the article opens up a new perspective on the history of emotions that brings both victims and perpetrators into the picture.

The specifics of the representation of speech strategies and tactics in educational audio podcasts

The object of the research is educational audio podcasts presented on the platform Smotrim.ru (Radio Mayak audio podcasts): "100 Minutes" (16 issues), "Literary squabbles" (11 issues), "Understand yourself if you can" (15 issues), "Conversations about Literature" (14 issues), "Diary his Wives" (11 issues), as well as episodes of the audio podcast hosted on the Polka.academy platform – "Between the Lines" (7 issues), published from 2021 to 2023. The subject of the study is the pragmastilistic specificity of media texts represented in empirical material. The purpose of the work is to present various interpretations of the term "audio podcast", to consider definitions of the concepts "speech strategy" and "speech tactics", approaches to their classification, as well as to identify and describe dominant communicative strategies and tactics explicated in educational audio podcasts. To achieve the stated goal, methods of content analysis, linguistic stylistic and pragmastilistic analysis of media texts were applied. Despite the fact that audio podcasts are now in demand among the audience and are presented on various platforms, including on the websites of major radio stations and streaming services, this media phenomenon still needs scientific reflection. Thus, the works of Russian researchers have not yet formulated a generally accepted definition of an audio podcast, nor has a unified point of view been developed on how to consider an audio podcast as a new kind of radio or an independent format. In addition, the communicative and pragmatic specifics of media texts explicated in audio podcasts have been studied very little. This determines the relevance and scientific novelty of the research undertaken. As a result of the analysis of empirical material, dominant speech strategies and tactics implementing them were identified. Conclusions are drawn about the stylistic originality of the analyzed media texts.

Hip-hop Subculture as a Media Phenomenon

Subcultures are of significant interest to researchers in the humanities. The processes of digitalization and mediatization, when media network activity and media activities globally affect basic social institutions, suggest a systematic study of subcultures in the context of communication theory. It is noted that the formation and further stability, up to the rooting in the general culture, is characteristic of the youth subculture of hip-hop. The authors of the article set a strategic goal - to find out, on the basis of theoretical and methodological approach, due to what systemic (formal and content) characteristics hip-hop has spread among young people, what communicative characteristics of this subculture determined its flourishing in the period of digitalization. Among the tasks that were solved are the following: characterization of the hip-hop industry as a network media phenomenon is given, the dynamics of its changes at the level of subsystems is considered. The authors for the first time put forward and proved the hypothesis that hip-hop reflects all five stages of development of the system of mass communications. The analysis reveals the rhizome-like nature of the hip-hop subculture as the main reason for the systemic stability of this media phenomenon. The article comprehensively considers the totality of components of the hip-hop subculture as effective communicative practices: graffiti, breakdancing, DJing, rap (rap battles). The tendency of active entry of some subcultural processes and products into mass culture is noted. The peculiarities of hip-hop slang are outlined. The article brings the media-communication approach into the agenda of further scientific research of youth subcultures (primarily hip-hop) and actualizes it.

Sharenting as a regulatory paradox – a comprehensive overview of the conceptualization and regulation of sharenting

Abstract The present study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the conceptualization and regulation of sharenting, a new media phenomenon strongly intertwined with the online sphere. Through a comprehensive literature review and legal analysis, the article analyses a wide array of academic sources, case studies, and sources of law to understand the polemics and implications of sharenting. The study provides a systemic overview of sharenting definitions to provide a synchronized concept. A significant portion of the research is dedicated to a comparative legal analysis of international regulations. The article examines the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the US Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act, and the European General Data Protection Regulation to assess their effectiveness in addressing the issues related to sharenting. Findings reveal that while these regulations provide some protection, they often fall short in fully safeguarding children’s digital identities from the risks associated with sharenting. To opt for a more activist approach, the article concludes with 17 recommendations aimed at both parents and policymakers. These recommendations include practical steps for parents to protect their children’s privacy online and suggestions for policymakers to enhance existing regulatory frameworks.

Existence and uniqueness solution analysis of time-fractional unstable nonlinear Schrödinger equation

The time-fractional unstable nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equations capture the time evolution of disturbances within media, tailored for describing phenomena in unstable media to help model and understand the intricate dynamics of systems prone to instability, the behavior of disturbances in complex and unstable environments and many more. In this study, we investigate the exact and analytical solutions of time-fractional unstable nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equations with the time-fractional β-time derivative, a powerful technique known as the sine-Gordon expansion (SGE) method is used. Non-locality behaviors that cannot be modeled using classical calculus are included in this equation. It discusses the relationships between waves of different frequencies or the same frequency but with distinct polarizations having a diverse set of key applications in nonlinear optics. We begin by using a fixed-point argument to prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the time-fractional problem under consideration. The partial differential equation of fractional order is transformed into an ordinary differential equation using the complex transformation. Numerous exact solutions are achieved with all the arbitrary parameters. The specific values of the obtained solutions' associated parameters are analyzed graphically with 3D plots as multiple soliton types of different wave solutions with the help of symbolic software. Understanding that the features of the solutions are far from intuitive because it is based on the parameter selection from the figures is difficult. The main objective of this paper is to investigate some fresh and further general solitary wave solutions to the suggested equation that properly explain the above-stated phenomena.

Convective Drying of Porous Media: Comparison of Phase-Field Simulations with Microfluidic Experiments

Convective drying of porous media is central to many engineering applications, ranging from spray drying over water management in fuel cells to food drying. To improve these processes, a deep understanding of drying phenomena in porous media is crucial. Therefore, detailed simulation of multiphase flows with phase change is of great importance to investigate the complex processes involved in drying porous media. While many studies aim to access the phenomena solely by simulations, here we succeed to compare comprehensively simulations with an experimental methodology based on microfluidic multiphase flow studies in engineered porous media. In this contribution, we propose a Navier–Stokes Cahn–Hilliard model coupled with balance equations for heat and moisture to simulate the two-phase flow with phase change. The phase distribution of the two fluids air and water is modeled by the Phase-Field equation. Comparisons with experiments are rare in the literature and usually involve very simple cases. We compare our simulation with convective drying experiments of porous media. Experimentally, the interface propagation of the water–air interface was visualized in detail during drying in a structured microfluidic cell made from PDMS. The drying pattern and the drying time in the experiment are very well reproduced by our simulation. This validation will enable the application for the presented Navier–Stokes Cahn–Hilliard model in more complex cases focused more on applications, e.g., in the field of fibrous materials.

ЖУРНАЛІСТСЬКИЙ ПРОЄКТ ПРОТИДІЇ ФЕЙКАМ «ДАВАЙТЕ ПЕРЕВІРИМО» В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ

<p><strong><em>The purpose of the study </em></strong>–<em> characteristiщт of Ukrainian journalistic projects aimed at countering disinformation, to reveal the specifics of local media projects focused on working with local communities during the Russian-Ukrainian war.</em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology.</em></strong><em> The research was carried out using general scientific theoretical methods of analysis and synthesis. In order to obtain quantitative indicators, the method of surveying the audience of the Pavlograd television and radio campaign was used during the recognition of true and fake information.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results</em></strong><em>. Mass media play the role of mediators of media criticism in societies with a developed civil society under conditions of democracy. Ukraine has the experience of strengthening public interest in media criticism in the conditions of war and the need to oppose unreliable information and informational aggression. Research by the Ukrainian platforms «Detector Media» and «IMI» prove that Ukrainian society is aware of the destructive influence of Russian fakes and is interested in the possibilities of opposing these destructive media phenomena. Local newsrooms that work for local communities participate in such activities, in particular, by creating media products that give the audience the opportunity to learn the skills of working with questionable information and distinguishing between false and true information. The article is devoted to Ukrainian mass media media critical projects that help their audience to become media literate and learn to work with information in the conditions of Russian information aggression. Among the various Ukrainian media products of this direction, the «Let’s Check» program of the municipal channel «Pavlograd Television and Radio Company» is highlighted. The work uses the results of program analysis and interaction with the audience on social media platforms.</em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty.</em></strong><em> </em><em>Media critical projects and projects of media literacy acquire new perspectives in the conditions of the war in Ukraine, so the classification of such projects, their review and instruments for interaction with the audience become an important factor in the formation of civil society in Ukraine.</em></p><p><strong><em>Practical significance. </em></strong><em>The results of the research can be used in the process of studying courses on communication, formation of media reality in the specialties «Journalism», «Advertising and Public Relations», «Information Business», media practitioners in matters of studying the instruments of media reality formation </em></p><p><strong><em>Key words: </em></strong><em>fakes, media literacy, media education, media reality, mass media, anti-discrimination practices, war in Ukraine.</em></p>