Portrait Of Person Research Articles

СТУДЕНТ XXI ВЕКА: РЕАЛИИ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИЙСКОЙ ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНОСТИ

The article presents the main principles of forming the socio-psychological characteristics of a student of the XXI century and the main trends of its development in the realities of modern Russian reality. The article analyzes external and internal factors that determined the place of higher education and higher education institutions in the life of the population, in particular, young people, assesses the consequences of these factors on the student's personal portrait, and describes the historical background of their appearance on the basis of political and economic transformations in the country. The author formulates his own conclusions about changes in the socio-psychological portraits of students in our country compared to the youth of the Soviet period. Students, being an integral part of young people, are a special socio-demographic group that is characterized by special living, working and everyday conditions, a system of value orientations, social behaviour and psychology. Many characteristics of a modern student coincide with the representatives of students at the end of the last century: this is their main activity (to study and attend an educational institution), but the psychological and social portrait of a modern student does not coincide with the traditional one. The article presents statistical data, researchers' opinions on the learning process, readiness to participate in solving the most important problems of modern youth, and ways to implement their goals. As a result, a generalized portrait of a modern student is modeled. This is an active young man who is concerned not only with the problems of students, but also with problems related to the development of society. The main values of a modern student are: health, family, material prosperity.

THE BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SUSPECTS IN THE COMMISSION OF BRIBERY

The article states that the identification of features of the psychological and social portrait of the criminal personality allows us to identify important accents of the behavioral characteristics of the suspect, which will contribute to the effectiveness of the preparation and conduct of forensic activities. The authors of the article substantiate that criminology with the help of criminalistics identifies and describes a certain set of typological socially significant and psychological properties, personality qualities that determine the initiation of illegal behavior, which is implemented when committing an act of bribery. The article highlights the factors that affect the style of behavior of a person during a search at the investigation of the act of giving a bribe, and also formulates provisions based on the correct interpretation of the behavior of a bribe taker. The authors analyze the fundamental recommendations in the research area, which are supported by multiple practical and operational experience, which allows us to obtain positive results when analyzing the behavior of a person during a search necessary to investigate the commission of bribery. The main conclusion is that in order to correctly plan the sequence of actions criminalistically, it is important to delve deeply into the criminological aspects of psychology and features of the analysis of specific criminal behavior, taking into account the affectology of reactions and character accentuations.

Учет особенностей личности несовершеннолетних осужденных при организации комплексной работы по ресоциализации

The article presents the main results of empirical and theoretical analysis of the current state and General problems of re-socialization of juvenile convicts serving sentences in educational colonies of the Federal penitentiary service. The purpose of this article is to study and analyze the individual and personal characteristics of minors who are serving sentences in places of deprivation of liberty. The tasks are theoretical and empirical study of the main problems of resocialization of this category of convicts. The dynamics of changes in the share of minors convicted in 2016-2019 relative to the total number of minors in the Russian Federation is presented. The individual and personal portrait of a minor serving a sentence in prison has been determined. Criminological and individual-personal characteristics of juvenile convicts and the main recommendations for the organization of a comprehensive program of their re-socialization are presented.

Русский эмигрант в Сербии А.Д. Бучин в воспоминаниях потомков и документах.

This scholarly article is devoted to the life and career of Alexander D. Buchin, a Russian cadet, who emigrated from Russia to Serbia and made a name for himself in the country as an inventor and engineer. While residing in Serbia A.D. Buchin carried out state tasks, monitoring water in natural water resources. He was also involved design and construction of buildings around the country. A.D. Buchin who started a family and started his own company in Serbia was in XX imprisoned by the Communist regime in Yugoslavia. The article is the first attempt to recreate Mr Buchin life in Serbia, using documents, memories of his descendants and newspaper materials. The goal is to describe a prominent representative of the Russian emigration in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes / Yugoslavia in the 1920s–1940s. Methods. This article presents previously unknown facts of the biography of a Russian emigre, who in 1932 became a subject of the Yugoslav king and managed to build a suc-cessful career in Serbia. The article is using various research methodologies. The com-parative historical research is used to study the life and fate of a Russian émigré during the Civil War in Russia. The narrative method is used to study the position of the Russian emigration in Serbia against the background of political changes in this country and in the world during the review period. The information method allows to create series of events. The structural method allows identifying the stable relationships within the system, to ensure the protection of its basic principals. The article examines the events in a broad comparative context of history. Results. The unknown facts of the life of A.D. Buchin are compiled into a structured bi-ography of the Russian White émigré person. The author creates a personal portrait of the engineer, presenting various aspects of his life as hobbies, his sympathies, attitude to politics. Part of the article describes Mr Buchin life in the city of Sabac, there he resided. This article is intended to complement the global theme “Russian emigration in Serbia”.

Rector’s Personal Phenomenon: Cultural Mission of Academician Oleg Tymoshenko

The relevance of the study as to the problem of determining the creative activity by personal characteristics of the musician is substantiated. The importance of the reverse influence of the content of activities on formation of personality is emphasized. The related works of Ukrainian specialists in art history about composers work and musicians are analyzed and summarized. The personal phenomenon of Oleg Tymoshenko, longtime rector of Tchaikovsky National Music Academy of Ukraine, is considered within the context of the best traditions of institution management. The research is carried out from the standpoint of determinism applying the categories of personality, individuality, activity. Attention is paid to such elements of personality structure (according to K. Platonov) as personality orientation, abilities, character, experience. Some facts of Oleg Tymoshenko’s creative biography are interpreted from the point of view of the theory of behavioral activity (according to V. Romenets). The multifaceted activity of Oleg Tymoshenko as a choir conductor, educator, methodologist, organizer of education, music and public figure is analyzed within the context of activity universalism and typology of musicians-universals (according to O. Komenda). The leading sphere among Oleg Tymoshenko’s creative activity was, namely, activity of the choir conductor, in the depths of which all others were born, which gives grounds to attribute his creative personality to the type of the universal performer. Such qualities as influence of the leader, communicative and organizational skills, his commitment to principles and demanding features, understanding of people — are factors of future successful head of the educational institution – were formed during process of mastering and improving of his professional skills. A set of factors that contributed to the effectiveness of Oleg Tymoshenko as a head of leading music educational institution are the following: talent of the musician, striving for perfection and hard work, and as a result — high professionalism, professional armament and broad erudition, which gave him undeniable authority. Tolerance, extraordinary respect for colleagues, initiative and desire to support everything new and progressive added to the uniqueness of the rector’s personal portrait. The devotion of Oleg Tymoshenko to the idea of Ukrainian culture development together with his above-mentioned personal qualities made his high cultural mission possible, not only as the head of the Academy, but also broadly – on a national scale.

Personality factors in heart transplant recipients

Objective: to assess the personal psychological profile of heart transplant recipients as the first stage in the development of post-transplant personalized rehabilitation programs. Materials and methods. From January 2010 to July 2019, 129 HTs were performed (mean age 46.6 ± 14.1 years; 74% (n = 95) were men, 26% (n = 34) were women). All patients in the heart transplant waiting list were examined by a clinical psychologist and a psychotherapist to exclude contraindications to transplant surgery. To assess personal traits, we used the standard multifactorial questionnaire by Cattell R., 16 PF (version A), which included 187 questions. Heart transplantation and absence of post-transplant severe cognitive impairments were the selection criteria for this study. Patients were surveyed before they were discharged from the hospital – 30–60 days following HT: during the period of complete recovery after surgery. In the present study, a retrospective assessment of the results was performed in 107 patients (n = 76 – men; n = 31 – women). Results. Analysis of the personality portrait revealed that over half of recipients were reserved, distant (factor A – schizothymia) and restrained (factor F – restraint; F2 – introvert; F4 – conforming) with lower mental capacity (factor B), and were shy, timid (factor H), with low super ego (factor G: irresponsible, tolerates disorder, flexible, open to change). Our results showed that 47% of patients (n = 18 out of 38 patients, n = 22 are pensioners) with a weak degree of factor C (reactive, affected by feelings) are workers to 42% (n = 29 out of 69, n = 28 – retirees) with a strong degree of the same factor. One year after HT, the number of physically active patients was higher among those with low anxiety compared with high anxiety (41% (18 of 44) and 32% (20 of 63), respectively, p = 0.41). Conclusion. Personality factors are non-modifiable characteristics of patients. They affect human behavior, return to work and to social life, as well as physical and psychological recovery from HT. Knowing the personal traits of recipients would allow to develop a personalized approach to their rehabilitation and a technique for timely examination after HT.

Programm-Hardware Complex of Psychophysiological Testing

This article dedicated to describing hardware and software evaluation complex related to psycho-physiological parameters of a person and a review of modern techniques including complex psycho-physiological testing as well. Relevans of this project is due to the fact that the issues of professional selection is especially im-portant in terms of modern conditions transformed economically and socially. Obviously, employee performance directly affects the effectiveness of professional activities of specialists are among the most important social tasks. The article discusses the application of methods based on mathematical processing of psychophysi-ological parameters, which opens up a wide possibility of obtaining an objective assessment of the psy-chophysiological portrait of a person. The goal is to study existing analogues of software and hardware products of psychophysiological of psychophysiological testing. A great interest the psychophysiological studies of man, which help to drow a conclusion about the level of concentration of attention; resistance to stressful situations; anxiety level. The data obtained in this way allow us to evaluate the individual reactive stereotype of the researched, to identify preferred behavioral strategies in situations of stress and uncertainly, to assign the subject to the group of poten-tially successful or potentially unsuccessful in a certain type of activity. The review allowed us to formulate the following conclusions that the existing hardware-software complexes of psychophysiological testing have both a number of advantages. At present time, these complexes are not widely used, since these technologies are in the process of becoming. But this does not negate the need for their application in personnel selection methods. Key words: psycho-physiological research, electrocardiogram, galvanic skin response, signal pro-cessing, the portrait of personality, hardware-software complex.

Saxophone jazz improvisation: texture and syntax parameters.

Saxophone jazz improvisation: texture and syntax parameters.

Speech portrait of a journalist V. M. Peskov as a carried of the full-range type of speech culture

This article is dedicated to the speech portraying of linguistic personality of the journalist – one of the relevant problems of modern linguistics, substantiated by development of the methodology of reconstruction of linguistic personality, as well as the current state of journalism and linguistic problems of modern mass media. The authors attempt to create a speech portrait of personality of V. M. Peskov, whose words signify an example of journalistic mastery and high level of speech culture. Major attention is paid to the individual characteristics of artistic matter of the journalist that describe his linguistic personality, worldview and values. The conclusion is made that the individual speech portrait of V. M. Peskov allows determining his linguistic personality as the carrier of full-range type of speech culture that possesses not only professional, but also life experience and established system of ethical values. His signature speech indicates creative individuality and skillful use of expressive means, as well as following the laws of journalism genre and compliance with the norms of literary language. The novelty of this research consists in the authors’ attempt to reveal the individual speech characteristics of V. M. Peskov on the one hand, and qualities typical for a top-notch newspaper journalist, which would allow to develop criteria for classification of the carrier of high speech culture.

Modeling of a Generalized Speech Portrait of a Blogger (as Exemplified in the German Military Blogosphere)

The study investigates the modeling of a generalized speech portrait of a blog-discourse subject in the speech space of the German military blogosphere. The relevance of the work lies in the development of a methodology for modeling a speech portrait of a virtual linguistic personality, behind the mask of which is a real person, actively participating in the life of his Internet community, united by professional activities and nationality. In this work, the author uses examples from the blog discourse of the German military blogosphere, however, the method of constructing a generalized speech portrait of an online personality, based on the works of Professor Boris Boyko, we apply to the description of any linguistic personality in the communicative space of the global network. The purpose of this study is to highlight the main features for constructing a generalized speech portrait of a German military blogger as a subject of online communication. We were able to identify typical features of the speech of a German military blogger and his virtual linguistic personality, which include units of military vocabulary and terminology, jargon, professionalisms, abbreviations, stable units of verbal communication of military personnel, specific hashtags and non-verbal signs that carry concepts of duty, militancy, patriotism, mourning, etc., associated with the values of military personnel. As a result of the study, we are approaching the speech portrayal of smaller groups within the social group of German military bloggers, for example, creating a speech portrait of a military medic, paratrooper or tanky. The results of our research are of particular interest to military translators, specialists engaged in the study of the theory and practice of Internet communication, blog-discourse, social group dialectology. Knowing the specifics of the speech manifestations of certain social-group communities will allow the recognition of separate subject of online communication by speech characteristics.

Methodological Approaches to Studying the Personality of a Politician-Populist

The article discusses the main methodological approaches to studying the personality of a politician of the populist type. The author conducts a brief survey of domestic and foreign experience in using methodologies and methods for drawing up personal psychological portraits of political figures. The choice of theoretical and methodological tools, research methods and conceptual framework plays a special role in the process of studying a politician’s personality. To create a psychologically and ethically appropriate portrait, the author reflects on the dominant behavioral characteristics of a politician, as well as their less pronounced personality traits.

Maria Lednicka-Szczytt – kariera polskiej rzeźbiarki we Włoszech, 1924–1934

Twórczość Marii Lednickiej-Szczytt (Maryli Lednickiej), uczennicy Antoine’a Bourdelle’a, uważanej w okresie międzywojennym za jedną z najbardziej znanych polskich artystek za granicą, jest dziś w zasadzie nieznana. W rekonstrukcji artystycznej biografii, skupiam się na okresie włoskim jako najbardziej owocnym w jej karierze. Za daty graniczne tego okresu przyjęłam 1924 – rok pierwszej indywidualnej wystawy artystki w mediolańskiej Galerii Pesaro, za końcowy, rok 1934 – datę pierwszej indywidualnej wystawy w nowojorskiej Wildenstein Galleries, inicjującej przenosiny pracowni artystki za ocean.
 Urodzona w Moskwie, córka jednego z najważniejszych polskich polityków w carskiej Rosji Aleksandra Lednickiego, została wcześnie dostrzeżona jako sprawna organizatorka i aktywna uczestniczka polskiego życia artystycznego nad Sekwaną. Zyskała dowody oficjalnego uznania w postaci życzliwych recenzji popularnych krytyków (jak Woroniecki czy Vauxcelles) oraz przyjęcia w 1921 roku w poczet członków Salon d’Automne, a w 1925 roku członka warszawskiego TZSP. W początku lat 20. rozpoczęła współpracę z Adrianną Górską (Adrienne Gorską), siostrą Tamary Łempickiej, z którą wykonała projekty fontann i małej architektury, a także nagrobek rodziny Lednickich na cmentarzu Powązkowskim w Warszawie (1923–1925).
 Okres włoski, w którym Lednicka stworzyła wiele portretów osobistości ze świata sztuki, arystokracji i polityki, upłynął pod znakiem ówczesnych protektorów rzeźbiarki – małżeństwa Teoplitzów. Józef (Giuseppe), pochodzący z warszawskiego rodu żydowskiej burżuazji, wpływowy prezes Banca Commerciale Italiana, oraz jego żona – gwiazda scen krakowskich ok. 1900 roku i podróżniczka – Jadwiga Mrozowska, prowadzili w Mediolanie artystyczny salon, promujący młodych artystów. Zaprzyjaźnieni z d’Annunziem i czołowymi postaciami ówczesnych Włoch, ułatwiali sukcesy swej podopiecznej, a także promowali związane z nią uzdolnione kobiety (Adrienne Gorska, Tamara de Lempicka).
 Współpracując w latach 30. przy dekoracji kilku włoskich transatlantyków, Lednicka biegle opanowała technologię prac w różnych materiałach – od ulubionego drewna, po rozmaite gatunki kamienia, płaskorzeźbę i panele dekoracyjne. Dorobek artystki dziś zupełnie rozproszony (w Polsce w zbiorach muzealnych zaledwie 3 rzeźby) i zapo mniany, byłby dziś niemożliwy do odtworzenia gdyby nie materiały archiwalne przekazane w latach 60. XX wieku przez brata artystki – Wacława, do Muzeum Narodowego w Warszawie.
 Funkcjonując w różnych krajach i środowiskach, była Lednicka zawsze ambasadorką polskiej kultury, organizatorką wystaw i uczestniczką wydarzeń, W 1932 roku na pokładzie statku – Conte di Savoia – na który wykonała popiersie żony następcy tronu, Księżnej Piemontu, odbyła pierwszą podróż do Ameryki, która wzbudziła fascynację tym krajem i decyzję o przeprowadzce za ocean. Wybuch drugiej wojny światowej, zmieniający radykalnie oblicze świata, w którym Lednicka miała uznaną pozycję, stał się przyczyną załamania zdrowia, depresji i samobójczej śmierci w roku 1947.
 Choć szczątkowe zachowanie twórczości Lednickiej, utrudnia dziś przywrócenie jej trwałego miejsca w historii polskiej rzeźby dwudziestolecia, rekonstrukcja artystycznej biografii rzeźbiarki zdaje się dopełniać w wielu aspektach obraz epoki, w której funkcjonowała. Wydobywa z mroku powiazania i nieoczekiwane związki, wzbogacając obraz polskiego międzywojnia. Niczym papierek lakmusowy lub brakujący kawałek układanki, przywrócona obecność Lednickiej pozwala odczytać ukryte sensy większej struktury.

Chestnut Lodge: An Unreal Place

The author, a staff psychiatrist at Chestnut Lodge from 1986 to 1991, worked there at the same time contributor Liat Katz was a patient. Using her article as a jumping-off point, he offers a personal portrait of the Lodge from the staff perspective, based on what struck him as unique and most salient about the hospital and the hospital community. Among other characteristics, Chestnut Lodge encouraged patients and staff to be themselves. This was one of the core therapeutic features of the Lodge, and it stimulated creativity among its patients and staff. Thus, both were helped in overcoming ubiquitous and often harmful pressures to conform. The author continues to mourn the Lodge, which closed in 2001.

Craufurd Goodwin as Graduate Mentor

This paper offers a personal portrait of Craufurd Goodwin as PhD supervisor and then professional colleague, over the period from the late 1980s until his sad demise in 2017. Paying due homage to the man, it gives some insight into his character and academic style.

Resident Self-Portraiture: A Reflective Tool to Explore the Journey of Becoming a Doctor

This arts- based project creatively introduces residents to photography, self-portraiture and narratives to document the longitudinal journey of becoming a family physician. Visual arts and writing can foster reflection: an important skill to cultivate in developing physicians. Unfortunately, arts based programs are lacking in many residency programs. Tools and venues that nourish physician well being and resilience may be important in today's changing healthcare environment and epidemic of physician burnout. Residents created self-portraits with accompanying narratives throughout their three-year training. Analysis of the portraits and accompanying narratives completed the assessment. Residents created a body of work that includes 182 creative and deeply personal portraits and narratives. The five most frequent themes of portraits included "Residency is Difficult," "Hobbies," "Family," "Growing as a Doctor," and "Coping Mechanisms." Self-portrait photography and reflection gives insight into the journey of becoming a family medicine physician at a deeply personal and professional level. Further partnerships between residency programs and the arts should be explored to promote reflection.

Perceived language competence modulates criteria for speech error processing: evidence from event-related potentials

ABSTRACT With event-related potentials we examined how speaker identity affects the processing of speech errors. In two experiments with probe verification and sentence correctness judgement tasks, respectively, grammatical agreement violations and slips of the tongue were embedded in German sentences spoken in native or Chinese accent. Portraits of European or Asian persons served as cues for speaker's identity. In Experiment 1, only a P600 was elicited by grammatical agreement errors in native speech in the second presentations. In Experiment 2, grammatical errors again elicited a P600 only in native speech. Slips of the tongue, however, elicited a P600 in both native and non-native speech and a N400 for native speech. Hence, perceived speaker nativeness seems to modulate the integration of grammatical agreement violations into the utterance. Slips of the tongue induced (re)interpretation processes (P600) for both native and non-native speech, whereas retrieval of lexico-semantic information (N400) is reduced in non-native speech.

ЛІТОПИСНІ ПОРТРЕТИ ХІ–ХІІІ СТ. ТА ІЄРАРХІЯ ЗНАЧЕНЬ У СЕМАНТИЧНІЙ СТРУКТУРІ ЛЕКСЕМ ПЛЕМЯ І РОДЪ

The research focuses on the fragment «socio-ethical assessment of person» of the early East Slavic world view. The conceptual domain of the fragment has been illuminated in the substantive-adjectival discours. It is the first time that the hierarchy of lexicalsemantic variants in the structure of the meaning of the terms племя and родъ (descendant → family → tribe → genus, clan → social strata → people) coincides with the hierarchy of individualized and generalized socio-ethical portraits (an individualized portrait of a person → a portrait of a clan, a genus; a generalized portrait of a tribe → a portrait of a social strata → a portrait of a people) within the Kyiv Rus’ period world view. Lexems племя and родъ can be traced back to the roots with the original meaning «which multiplied, increased, grew from one root, from one ancestor» and due to this, are interchangeable in ancient Slavic writing (this is shown in the study of P. O. Lavrovskyi). The microfragment «portrait of the social strata» consists of ethical portraits of princes, princesses, clergy, etc. It was revealed that the semantics of the terms кънuзь and кънuгыни correlates with the semantics of the terms племя and родъ. In the content of all these terms there is a combination of the semantics of birth, family relationships, tribal relations with the semantics of knowledge. In our opinion, the reason for the coincidence of portraitsclergy with portraits of princes is the development of the Indo-European root reflexes (to which the term кънuзь goes back) in the direction of semantics saint, sacred. It was proved that the hierarchy of the world view microfragments repeats social-tribal relations, social and family relationships in Kyiv Rus’. Microfragment «portrait of a clan» is represented by namings Ольговичи, Володимиричи, Ростиславичи, Мстиславичи, etc. In a certain context, the term племя could denote a large family, separate branches of the genus, people, tribe. The conceptualization of an individualized image of a person was determined by its place in the family-class hierarchy. Comparison of socio-ethical portraits of persons of the princely family (grand dukes Boris, Gleb, Andryi Bogolubskyi, Alexander Nevskyi, Izyaslav Mstislavovich, etc.) revealed that the functional-semantic peculiarities of nouns and adjectives with the meanings of an ethical assessment of a person reflect subordination between family members. The article is based on the analysis of Old East Slavic literary monuments of the XI–XIII centuries.

Dr. Arthur Spohn: Surgeon, Inventor, and Texas Medical Pioneer by Jane Clements Monday, Francs Brannen Vick and Charles W. Monday Jr.

Reviewed by: Dr. Arthur Spohn: Surgeon, Inventor, and Texas Medical Pioneer by Jane Clements Monday, Francs Brannen Vick and Charles W. Monday Jr. Watson C. Arnold Dr. Arthur Spohn: Surgeon, Inventor, and Texas Medical Pioneer. By Jane Clements Monday and Francs Brannen Vick, with Charles W. Monday Jr. (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2018. Pp. 352. Appendices, photographs, notes, bibliography, index.) With access to archives of the South Texas Kenedy ranching family, Jane Clements Monday and Francs Brannen Vick have written a biography of Arthur Spohn, an extraordinary physician who became a member of the family when he married one of Mifflin Kenedy’s daughters, Sarah. Quaker ship captain Mifflin Kenedy partnered with Richard King to make a fortune shipping and selling cotton to the Confederacy, then expanded into cattle ranching by buying up land from Mexican American families. His future son-in-law, Arthur Spohn, was born into a prominent Canadian family in 1845. He attended medical school at the University of Michigan, worked and studied medicine in New York City, then joined the Union Army as a surgeon near the end of the Civil War. The army sent him to join the troops in South Texas, where his brother Henry was also stationed, and over the next decade Spohn practiced medicine. He left military service in 1870. After a brief time in Mier, he settled in Corpus Christi, where he served as a member of the United States Marine Hospital Service for the port. There Spohn met Sarah Kenedy; they married in 1876, and he joined the social elite of South Texas. Spohn’s medical practice carried him hundreds of miles across South Texas on horseback and by carriage, wagon, train, and later by automobile. He was joined in his practice at various times by his brother, his nephew Alexander Hamilton, and other family members. One of the more extraordinary events in his practice concerned his treatment of Henrietta King’s favorite stepbrother, William Chamberlain, who had been attacked by a rabid coyote. Spohn met the wagon carrying the young man to town and, having recently read about the success of Louis Pasteur’s rabies vaccine, he suggested that Chamberlain be taken to France for treatment. Henrietta agreed, and Spohn and the boy began an odyssey that carried them by ship from Galveston to New York, across the Atlantic to France, and by train to Paris. There they interviewed Pasteur, who recommended treatment. Spohn stayed with Chamberlain while he received a series of injections. The patient recovered and survived for many years. Another unusual case involved a woman who suffered from a three hundred-pound ovarian tumor. Spohn describes finding her buried in its mass. He had the good sense to drain it slowly over several weeks, and then he removed it easily by surgery. The patient lived many more years without a recurrence. As he aged, Spohn developed a specialty in the diseases of women and in gynecological surgery, but he recognized a need for a hospital to care for all of the patients in Corpus Christi. He persuaded the Sisters of Charity and the Bishop of South Texas to sponsor a hospital that [End Page 126] has since become the center for a series of clinics and hospitals known as the Christus Spohn Health System. Dr. Arthur Spohn: Surgeon, Inventor, and Texas Medical Pioneer is a welcome addition to the Texas medical history bookshelf. The authors have given us a compelling portrait of an extraordinary person. Watson C. Arnold Fort Worth, Texas Copyright © 2019 The Texas State Historical Association

Female Representations in Byzantine Art of Kosova

The article addresses the issue of female appearance in the fresco painting from the Byzantine era on the territory of Kosova and aims at disclosure of the methodological approach towards construction of appropriate means for depiction of feminine attributes such are: facial expression, corporal energy, fashion, charm, elegance, grace and physical attractiveness. In that regard, the iconographic configuration of female representation in several churches from the 14^th century have been analyzed Shën Premte – Virgin Ljeviška in Prizren, Patrikana e Pejës -Patriarchate of Peja, the Church of the Annunciation in Graçanicë and the Deçan monastery where we encounter a great number of depicted female characters belonging to different categories (female saints – martyrs, female commissioners, images of Virgin Mary etc.) The main aim of the paper is to disclose the manners in which the characters were visualized according to their role in religious history, i.e. describe the iconographic methods applied to each category in order to discover the principles of aestheticism particularly designed for expression of femininity. In that regard, the spiritual tenderness of the images of Virgin Mary, the elegant sophistication of aristocratic female martyrs, the modest and calm beauty of the represented nuns, as well as the dignified portraits of the historic personalities represented as lady commissioners point to different means of iconographic and stylistic expression that were created to live different types of emotional impression by the beholders of the frescoes.

Musicians' Lives and National Identity: The Year in Canada

Musicians' Lives and National IdentityThe Year in Canada Alana Bell (bio) A notable trend this year in Canadian life writing has been the proliferation of texts by and about Canadian musicians. Canadians have been the subjects, writers, and directors of powerful music biographies, memoirs, and documentary films. This year also saw the culmination of one of the most significant music life writing events in Canadian history—the death from terminal brain cancer of Gord Downie, lead singer of the iconic Canadian rock band the Tragically Hip, and the publication of numerous texts by and about Downie composed in the final year of his life and immediately after. Here I consider several music life narratives of significance: Measha Brueggergosman's Something is Always on Fire, Tom Wilson's Beautiful Scars, and three other recent texts concerning Downie. Taken together they exemplify a range of possibilities for life writing about music, and their deployment of the familiar music life writing themes of work ethic, community, and professional success juxtaposed with personal challenge—all portrayed against a backdrop of regional and cultural history—help to present a timely portrait of Canadian identity as we entered our 151st year as a nation. Something is Always on Fire, Measha Brueggergosman's unflinching and formally interesting memoir, radically inscribes contemporary women's experiences into classical music biography—a groundbreaking achievement given that few Canadian women classical musicians have been the subjects of biographies or writers of memoirs at all. Brueggergosman, an award-winning opera singer who has achieved a celebrity status rare for classical performers in Canada, acknowledges that she is young to be writing a memoir. However, she is prompted to examine her life because she finds herself at a moment of significant flux: she is turning forty, her "marriage has broken down," and she "is shocked to discover" she's "broke" (135). She is wrestling with "the implications of starting to parent my boys on my own … while also maintaining my career," and "putting out fire after fire" has become overwhelming (135). The "fires" in her life are not unprecedented. Brueggergosman's divorce and financial struggles are simply the fire of the moment. Addressing topics [End Page 20] such as body image—Breuggergosman was once morbidly obese and underwent gastric bypass surgery—illness—she experienced a torn aorta in her early 30s—and loss—shortly after her aorta surgery, she lost her twins in utero—this book not only writes the female body into classical music, but explicitly links the body to the work. Brueggergosman repeatedly reminds the reader that her "body is [her] instrument" and that what happens to her body necessarily affects her career as well (52). Brueggergosman's premise that despite career success something is always on fire is a revisiting of a popular celebrity life writing trope that professional eminence is often accompanied by personal challenge. While the high points of her career have been very high, Brueggergosman writes frankly about how being a child prodigy affected her relationships, convincing her that her needs were "the only ones that matter," an attitude that leads to her ongoing marital infidelity, and, ultimately, divorce (4). She also emphasizes the multi-faceted work that goes into her career, noting that "The phases of [her] creative process" include everything from administrative work to the mundane tasks of parenting, thus integrating her domestic life with her opera career and refusing to romanticize her celebrity (16). The passages in which Brueggergosman addresses the music business and the more technical aspects of her process are fascinating, but the focus here is primarily on her attempts to balance her demanding career with her roles as a wife and mother. While Brueggergosman's memoir is a highly personal portrait of her as wife, mother, and singer, it is also the story of a racialized woman working in a field not known for its diversity. Though she recognizes "it might make for a juicier memoir for me to tell a coming-of-age story about a scrappy black opera singer pulling herself up by the bootstraps in the face of small-town racism," she refuses to dwell on racial inequity that she feels does not apply (23). She...