Pearson Product Moment Correlation Research Articles

Evaluation of Nurse Workload in Patient Units

The inpatient room at a tertiary referral eye hospital includes eye surgery services and infection treatment for adult and pediatric patients. Nurse workload greatly influences the quality of service in the inpatient unit. However, data regarding the workload of nurses in inpatient units at tertiary referral eye hospitals is still limited. Objective: To determine the workload of nurses in the inpatient ward of a tertiary referral eye hospital. Method: This research is a quantitative descriptive study, which provides an overview of the workload of nurses in the inpatient ward of a tertiary referral eye hospital. The research was carried out from March to May 2023. The total sampling of research respondents was 25 nurses in inpatient treatment rooms for class 2 and 3 patients. Data collection used a workload questionnaire. Data analysis uses cross tabulation. The validity test was declared valid using the Pearson product moment correlation with results for the physical aspect of 0.396, the psychological aspect of 0.396 and the time aspect of 0.396 (0.396 > 0.312). Reliability test usingCronbach's alphawith a coefficient of more than 0.6, it is declared reliable, where the physical aspect is 0.945, the psychological aspect is 0.903 and the time aspect is 0.906. This research has received ethical approval number: LB.02.01/2.3/5440/2023. Results: research shows that the workload of nurses on the physical aspect is high, namely 76%, and the workload of nurses on the psychological aspect is high, namely 96%. Discussion: Several factors causing the high workload of nurses include the large number of patients entering the inpatient room, the bed management system which is not yet optimal, and the limited treatment space but continuous use of beds. Conclusion: The high workload of nurses has an impact on the quality of nursing services.

AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON HOW MALE SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE CONNECT TO THEIR MATHEMATICS ANXIETY

Given that it is a required subject in both elementary and postsecondary education, mathematics has been identified by some students as being challenging. Numerous studies have been conducted on various facets of mathematics. However, further research on the psychological characteristics of males in math classes in secondary schools in Delta State is needed, which is why this study was conducted. The study aimed to determine if test anxiety levels among male secondary school students and their academic performance in mathematics are related. Two research questions and two hypotheses were used in the study. The study's design was a correlation. The research population consisted of all 1650 senior secondary year two (SS2) math students in Delta State. A sample of 771 male students was selected using a multistage sampling process. The Mathematics Test Anxiety Questionnaire (MTAQ), which was validated by three experts, was the instrument used to collect data. The reliability coefficient, calculated using Cronbach's alpha, was 0.69. The students’ mathematics scores represent their academic performance. To analyze the data, Pearson product-moment correlation was employed. The study's findings demonstrated that test anxiety levels did not correlate academic performance of male students in secondary school mathematics. Furthermore, there was a sizable gap among male secondary students who had high and low anxiety in math.

International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Innovation

The study sought to determine the impact of innovation as change strategy and diversification of manufacturing firms in North Central, Nigeria. The imperativeness of innovation in the manufacturing sector has made the strategy impeccable for any organization to do without. The specific objectives of the study were : (i) To a large extent technological innovation effect the quality of goods produced by manufacturing firms in North Central, Nigeria; (ii) Determine the extent to which process innovation techniques enhances competitive advantages of manufacturing firms in North Central, Nigeria; (iii) To what extent does marketing innovation enhances large market shares of manufacturing firms in North Central, Nigeria. The study adopted the survey design, were the researcher selected a total of 18 manufacturing firms with a population of 60 respondents made up of CEO and management staff of the manufacturing firms in North Central, Nigeria; as the study population as well as the sample size. Primary data was used for the study and collected through the use of structured five-point likert scale questionnaire and interview method. The hypotheses were tested using simple linear regression for hypothesis one and two; meanwhile hypothesis three was tested using Pearson product moment correlation technique. The findings revealed that: to a large extent there is significant positive effect of technological innovation on the quality of goods produced by manufacturing firms in North Central, Nigeria (r = .724, p < 0.05). To a large extent process innovation techniques enhances competitive advantages of manufacturing firms in North Central, Nigeria (r = .738, p < 0.05). Marketing innovation enhances large market shares of manufacturing firms in North central, Nigeria ( r= .741, p<0.05 ). Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that innovation strategy should be enhanced by manufacturing firms as a means for their survival and diversification. More so, the proponent strategy should be embed as it tends to enhance efficiency of systems, goods produced and service delivery in a coherent and tactical manner. More importantly managers should embark on innovation training of their employees as this tends to ensure optimization of resource allocation, by prioritizing the areas that have the most significant impact on their target market that would bring about diversification of manufacturing process.

Attitudinal Disposition of Correctional Officers’ Towards an Inmates with Mental illness in Agodi Prison, Oyo State, Nigeria

There is a frequently higher prevalence of mental health problems among the incarcerated population in Nigeria. However, their mental health is often neglected, leading to a complex interplay of issues that hinder effective rehabilitation and integration of offenders into society. This study examined the attitudinal disposition of correctional officers towards the mental health of an inmate in Agodi correctional home, Ibadan. This is a  cross-sectional study design and a stratified random sampling technique were used to select 200 correctional officers. A socio-demographic questionnaire and questions focusing on the stigmatization of inmates living with mental health. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to test the generated hypotheses at a 0.05 significance level. Findings revealed that there was a significant relationship between counselling service and inmate mental health (r = .621, n= 200, p < .05), there was a significant relationship between rehabilitation program and inmate mental health (r = .642, n= 200, p < .05), there was a significant relationship between welfare service and inmate mental health (r = .716, n= 200, p < .05), there was a significant relationship  between correctional officers attitude and inmates mental health (r = .731, n= 200, p < .05). This study underscored the potential consequences of negative attitudes, such as stigmatization, discrimination, and inadequate provision of mental health care, which can impede the rehabilitation and successful reintegration of inmates into society. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the attitudinal disposition of correctional officers towards inmates with mental illness is imperative.

ICT Skills Acquisition and Utilization Among Postgraduate Students in Universities in Kwara State, Nigeria

This study investigates the ICT skills utilization among postgraduate students in Universities in Kwara State, Nigeria. The research design was a descriptive survey of the correlational type. A proportional random sampling technique was adopted to select 250 respondents from the 580 postgraduate students of the Faculties of Education of the selected Universities in Kwara State, Nigeria. The Instrument titled ICT Skills Acquisition and Utilization Questionnaire (ICTSAUQ) was used for data collection. The instruments were validated by experts in the Department of Educational Management and Counselling and found reliable with a reliability coefficient of 0.82. Three research questions were raised for the study and answered using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation. One research hypothesis formulated was tested using inferential statistics of Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) Statistics at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings of this study revealed that there is a significant relationship between the Acquisition of ICT skills and usage among postgraduate students in universities in Kwara State. Based on the findings the study recommends among other things that postgraduate students of Universities in Kwara states should undergo a compulsory ICT skill acquisition skill to aid their academic activities.

Recreational Leadership Behaviors of University Students and Entrepreneurial Levels: A Relationship Analysis

The aim of this study was to determine to what extent recreational leadership behaviors predict entrepreneurship characteristics. Following the comparison of recreational leadership behaviors and entrepreneurship characteristics with some socio-demographic variables, the extent to which entrepreneurship characteristics are predicted by recreational leadership behaviors was examined. Personal information form, Recreational Leadership Behavior Scale, and Entrepreneurship Scale for University Students were administered to the participants. In line with this objective, the relational screening model was used to identify and determine the existence and level of changes between two or more variables. The study group of the research consists of a total of 883 participants, including 691 females (78.3%) and 192 males (21.7%), who are studying in Ankara during the 2022-2023 academic year. To ensure the normal distribution of the data, skewness and kurtosis values were examined with the Shapiro-Wilk test. Descriptive information about the participants was presented as percentages and frequencies. In the solution and interpretation of the data, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, multiple regression analysis, T-test, One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were utilized, and for determining the difference between groups, Tukey Test from Post Hoc Tests was applied with a significance level of p < 0.05. Excel and SPSS 25 software packages were used for data analysis. As a result of this study, it was found that there was no statistically significant difference in democratic leadership, autocratic leadership, and sub-dimensions of recreational leadership scores according to the gender variable. In the comparison of entrepreneurship score averages based on gender, a significant difference was determined in favor of males. In the comparison according to the income level variable, it was found that the entrepreneurship characteristics of participants with higher income levels were higher than those with moderate income levels. A positively moderate relationship between democratic leadership and entrepreneurship, a positively low-level relationship between autocratic leadership and entrepreneurship, and a positively moderate relationship between recreational leadership and entrepreneurship were observed. It was concluded that democratic and autocratic leadership explained entrepreneurship characteristics by 14%

“A No means No”: rape myth acceptance, victim blaming and hostile sexism as predictors of acceptance towards rape on a date among Pakistani adults

ABSTRACT Past research has shown that date rape continues to remain a major instrument in rape cases. Moreover, hostile sexism and victim blaming are significant predictors of acceptance of rape on dates. The current study assesses whether rape myth acceptance, victim blaming and hostile sexism significantly predict acceptance towards rape on a date among Pakistani adults. A cross-sectional research design was employed in the study with a sample of 330 participants selected through a sensitivity analysis based on G power analysis with 95% confidence intervals. The findings showed that this sample was sufficient to achieve the desired effect sizes. Data analysis was done using Pearson product moment correlation, hierarchical regression, independent sample t test and moderated mediation analysis via AMOS. The results showed that all study variables had acceptable levels of reliability. It was also found that hostile sexism, victim blaming and rape myth acceptance significantly and positively predicted acceptance of rape perpetrated by a male on a date. The findings further showed higher levels of victim blaming moderated the mediating effect of hostile sexism on the association between rape myth acceptance and acceptance of rape perpetrated by a male on a date. It is thus concluded that hostile sexism, victim blaming and rape myth acceptance significantly predict acceptance of rape on a date. It was also found that males have a higher tendency towards hostile sexism, victim blaming and rape myth acceptance and thus may be more likely to view the perpetrators of rape as being more credible in comparison to the victims.

Validity and Reliability Test of the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS) Questionnaire for Tuberculosis (TB) Patients

In terms of tuberculosis cases, Indonesia is second only to India. Successful outcomes in the treatment of tuberculosis depend on patient compliance with their prescribed medication. The MARS (Medication Adherence Report Scale) questionnaire can be used to assess medication adherence in tuberculosis patients. The researchers in this study set out to see if the MARS questionnaire was sufficiently valid and reliable to be used with tuberculosis (TB) patients in Indonesia. Descriptive quantitative analysis using a cross-sectional design was employed for this study. The MARS survey was the instrument used for this study. Sixty tuberculosis patients from the Lamongan District Health Center met the inclusion criteria and made up the sample size of 70. Sampling with the help of a planned strategy. Apply the Pearson Product Moment correlation test to the questionnaire to see if it is reliable. The Cronbach alpha coefficient was used to determine the questionnaire's reliability in this study. According to the data, the r count correlation value was higher than the r table value of 0.2542. The Cronbach Alpha Coefficient obtained from the reliability analysis was 0.486. The results of the validity and reliability tests indicated that the Indonesian translation of the MARS questionnaire was a valid and reliable tool for gauging the degree to which TB patients took their prescribed medications as directed. Adherence should be measured with a reliable questionnaire or instrument to ensure accurate results.

Instructional Leadership Behaviours as Correlate Instructional Practices

The objectives of the study were to determine instructional leadership behaviour commonly practiced by heads, establish relationship between heads instructional leadership behaviours and teachers’ instructional practices. One research question and two hypotheses were raised to guide the study. The study employed descriptive survey design. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the teachers. A sample of 96 teachers was drawn from three senior high schools. Questionnaire was used to gather data from respondents. The overall reliability coefficient of 0.82 was obtained from the pre-testing of the instrument. Data were analyzed using means and standard deviations, Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and standard multiple regression. The results were discussed in relation to the literature. Findings revealed that heads commonly evaluate and supervise instruction. The study established significant and positive relationship between leadership behaviours and teachers’ instructional practices. It was therefore, recommended that Ghana Education Service should accelerate its efforts by providing the needed support for instructional supervisory activities of heads to enable them promote effective instructional delivery of teachers. It was again, recommended that heads should reinforce the use of evaluating and supervising instruction by regularly visiting classrooms to make teachers more effective in lesson delivery.

Knowledge Management and Competitive Advantage in Selected Manufacturing Firms in Akwa Ibom State

This paper was designed to examine the relationship between Knowledge management and Organizational competitiveness. The main objective of this study was to examine the relationship between knowledge management and competitive advantage in selected manufacturing firms in Akwa Ibom State. In line with the research objective was the research questions and hypothesis. Survey research design was adopted for the study and a sample size of 105 respondents were drawn from the population using census sampling technique. The major instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire administered to the respondent using stratified sampling techniques. The major instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire administered to the respondent using stratified sampling techniques. Data collected were analysed using simple percentage and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Results showed a significant positive relationship between each of the two dimensions of knowledge management (organizational learning, = Rx1 =0.799 amd Knowledge retention = Rx2 =0. 825**,) and organizational competitiveness at the selected manufacturing firms in Akwa Ibom State. It was recommended that, firm managers and knowledge management implementation members should incorporate organizational learning, knowledge retension, as part of Knowledge Management infrastructure capabilities in addition to culture, structure, and information technology in order to make their Knowledge Management infrastructure capabilities more robust.

The Relationship Among Student-Teacher Interaction and Academic Performance of Students in Congolese Higher Education: The Moderating Role of Marital Status

The purpose of this research was to develop and validate the moderating effect of marital status on the relationship between student-teacher interaction and academic performance of students at Congolese university using two main studies. The first study was designed to develop the instruments for measuring student-teacher interaction’ and their academic performance at the university and to explore the moderating effect of marital status on the relationship between student-teacher interaction and the academic performance of students. For this study, a mixed research method was used. Samples were drawn from one higher education institutions (the University of Kinshasa), using simple random sampling and stratified random sampling techniques based on students’ status and sex as strata. For this study, both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. Data for qualitative analysis were gathered from married and unmarried students using interviews and focus group discussion, whereas data for quantitative analysis were gathered from married and unmarried students using questionnaire. The analyses were made using mainly multiple regressions, the statistical testing of the generated hypothesis via t-test statistics and Pearson product moment correlation, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and simple slope analyses. Furthermore, the demographic variable of participants (sex of students, student status, study level, socio-economic status of the family and major) was another target of the study. 362 students (include married’ and unmarried’ students) from the university of Kinshasa, took part in the study. The study was guided by the Bandura’s social cognitive theory, that determines human behavior and describe the learning theory that analyzes and explains how feelings, thoughts, actions of others, and social experiences actively shape learning processes. The final results revealed that there is a significant correlation between student-teacher interaction and academic performance. In addition, marital status moderated the relationship between student-teacher interaction and academic performance when students are unmarried.The second study was designed to examining the difference of academic performance between married and unmarried students. Qualitative data were collected from 362 students (include married’ and unmarried’ students) using interview questionnaire. Data were analysed using constant comparative approach (the reported stories that emanated from the conversations with the research participants); the deduced meanings from the interview protocol. The study results indicated that the unmarried students’ academic performance was high than their married students’ counterpart and in significant way; and the marital status was negatively associated with academic performance of students at the university in DRC. Finally, based on the findings, some practical and theoretical implications and future research directions were forwarded.

Components of Preservation and Availability of Information Resources in Academic Libraries in South-South Geo-Political Region, Nigeria

The paper studied preservation and availability of information resources in academic libraries in south-south geo-political region, Nigeria. The study was hinged on correlational research design. The population of the study was culled from three academic libraries in the South-South Geopolitical region of Nigeria, namely Donald Ekong Library, University of Port Harcourt, Kenneth Dike Library, University of Ibadan and Nnamdi Azikiwe Library, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Simple random sampling technique was used to sample 87 respondents. 84 (97%) respondents provided complete response. Data were collected, arranged and analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). Findings show that preservation techniques of preventive preservation, passive preservation, active preservation and restorative preservation have significant relationship with the availability of library resources with active preservation having the highest significant relationship in academic libraries in south-south geopolitical zone in Nigeria. Consequently, it was recommended that libraries should engage in active preservation its collection and to ensure availability of library resources.

Physical and Social Correlates of Rhythmic and Team Sports

This study aimed to compare the self-concepts and scholastic performances of the athlete and non-athlete high school students from Nueva Ecija using descriptive-correlational research method. Specifically, this study described the profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender, and academic performance and their self-concept as to their physical attributes, scholastic competence, athletic competence, artistic expression, autonomy and independence; global self-worth, goal setting, family relationship, morality and religiosity, social competence, romantic relationship, close friendship, and affiliation. Through t-test and Pearson product moment correlation, significant results were found out.

Assessment of Belief, Family size and utilization of insecticide treated nets among pregnant women in Southern Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria

The study Assess utilization of insecticide treated net among pregnant women in Southern Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria. For the purpose of this study to be achieved, two research questions were posed and converted into two null hypotheses, which were tested at 0.05 level of significance. There was a detailed review of related literature on the variables of the study. Survey research design was employed in the study. Accidental sampling technique was adopted in selecting the health facilities used for the study while the systematic random sampling technique was adopted in selecting the seven hundred and forty-one respondents used for the study. A structured questionnaire was the instrument utilized for data collection. The instrument was subjected to validity by relevant experts. Cronbach alpha method was employed to establish the reliability of the research instrument. To test the various hypotheses that were formulated for the study, Pearson product moment correlation statistics were utilized for analysis of data. The result obtained from data analysis and hypotheses testing in the study revealed that; There was no significant relationship between belief and utilization of insecticide treated nets among pregnant women. The implication of this finding is that pregnant women in the study area believe in the efficacy of insecticide treated nets, which is influencing the utilization positively. Family size significantly influences utilization of insecticide treated nets among pregnant women. The implication of this finding is that pregnant women with large families will continue to experience low utilization of insecticide treated nets except their economic status improve while pregnant women from small family sizes utilize insecticide treated nets... It was further recommended that relevant government agencies should ensure that pregnant women from low income groups be assisted to own insecticide treated net(s) in order to enable them utilize such nets as a means of preventing malaria.

Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity study of the Turkish version of the “Spinal Cord Injury-Falls Concern Scale”

Purpose This study aims to conduct a Turkish validity and reliability study of the Spinal Cord Injury-Falls Concern Scale (SCI-FCS). Methods The study involved 134 volunteer patients with spinal cord injury. Various validity analyses, including content validity analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, and Cronbach’s alpha value based on a single application for reliability, were employed. The Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) was used for criterion validity. Results All the standardized regression coefficients for the single factor measurement model established with 16 items in the scale are above 0.84. The CFA model, also with a single factor and 16 items, yields the following fit indices: Root-Mean-Square Error of Approximation value of 0.15, Standardized Root Mean Residual Squares value of 0.06, Chi-square value of 2.20, and Comparative Fit Index and Non-Normed Fit Index values of 0.98. The scores they received from the SCI-FCS and the scores they received from the FES-I scale have a statistically significant positive correlation (p < 0.01). The test-retest reliability coefficient value is 0.81, and the Cronbach Alpha value is 0.97. Conclusion The Turkish version of the SCI-FCS is a valid and reliable tool for determining fall concerns for patients with spinal cord injury.

Effect of recruitment processes on employee job performance in Ebonyi State Civil Service: A study of selected ministries

The relevance of recruitment processes on the job performance of employees in any organizations be it public or private sector cannot be overemphasized. Unfortunately, this all important aspect of organizational management are not often given much attention in many organizations especially in the public sector in Nigeria. It is in view of this fact that this paper becomes imperative to investigate the effect of recruitment processes on employee job performance in Ebonyi State Civil Service: A Study of selected ministries.. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. Data for the study were collected with questionnaire instrument. The data collected were analyzed using simple percentage distribution tables while the hypotheses were tested using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient through SPSS. Findings of the study revealed; that recruitment need prediction has not affected optimum performance of staff of Ebonyi State Civil Service, that advertisement has no implication on the quality of service delivery of Ebonyi state civil service as most of the job vacancies are not aptly advertised, and that candidates screening has not affected Ebonyi State Civil Servants expertise in job duties to a very large extent. Based on the findings; it was recommended that Ebonyi state civil service should develop consistent quantitative and qualitative manpower needs assessment in its recruitment processes. This should be properly aligned with thorough job analysis and job description with clearly set objective to know the right calibre of candidates that would produce optimum job performance, that proper advertisements on recruitment into the Ebonyi State civil service should always be made to enable every applicant who is qualified to have equal opportunity to compete for positions based on merit and that Ebonyi State civil service should set up a panel of men and women of proven integrity that would screen applicants for positions across the various Ministries.

Digital Information Resources and Business Education Delivery in Tertiary Institutions in Bayelsa State

The study investigated the relationship between digital information resources and business education delivery in tertiary institutions in Bayelsa State. The study determined the relationship between the dimensions of digital information resources and business education delivery; thus, six objectives, research questions, and hypotheses guided the study. A correlational research design was used to carry out the study. The population of this study consisted of fifty-two (52) lecturers in business education from the three tertiary institutions in Bayelsa State. The census sampling technique was used in selecting the sample size of 52 business education lecturers for the study. The questionnaires for the study were developed based on the research objectives. The questionnaire was titled "Digital Information Resources and Business Education Delivery Questionnaire (DIRBEQ)." The questionnaire was subjected to face and content validity. The pilot-test approach was used to determine the reliability of the instrument. Cronbach’s alpha was also used to measure internal consistency. A reliability coefficient of 0.807 was obtained. This was considered sufficient for the study. The instrument was distributed by the researcher. Fifty-two copies of the questionnaire were filled out and collected. The research questions were answered using Pearson's product-moment correlation, while simple linear regression analysis and analysis of covariance were used to test the hypotheses at the 0.05 significance level. The study revealed that the extent of the relationship between e-book resources and business education delivery in tertiary institutions in Bayelsa State is weak, while the extent of the relationship between e-journal resources and business education delivery in tertiary institutions in Bayelsa State is very strong, among others. Furthermore, the study disclosed that there is a significant relationship between e-book resources and business education delivery in tertiary institutions in Bayelsa State and that there is a significant relationship between e-journal resources and business education delivery in tertiary institutions in Bayelsa State. The study concluded that digital information resources are an integral instructional delivery tool that can improve the quality of business education delivered to students at tertiary institutions in Bayelsa State. It was recommended that lecturers of tertiary institutions in Bayelsa State be trained in the use of e-book resources as well as the use of digital mediums in business education delivery, so that appropriate delivery of the lecture materials is ensured, and management of tertiary education in Bayelsa State should establish appropriate e-journal information management strategies that can foster lecturers' research skills, attitude, and competence for information literacy, effective e-journal use, and professional practices, among others.&#x0D;  

Investigating the Relationship Between Service Quality and Student Intention Behavior in Higher Education Service Experience

This study aims to investigate the relationship between service quality and student intention behaviour in Higher Education Institutions. This research used a correlational method with a quantitative approach. The online questionnaire was distributed to 110 State University of Surabaya students following the cluster random sampling. In this research, data gathered was analyzed using the Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis. The results showed a significant positive correlation between higher education service quality and student intention behavior. The better service quality provided linier withlinearnt intention behavior fobehaviourending and their intention to loyal in in the institutton. This study's findings remind us to improve the quality dimension as a key factor in attracting and retaining students to student education Institutions. 

Emotional Labour and Corporate Vitality of The Nigerian Hospitality Sector in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State

This paper examined the relationship between emotional labour and corporate vitality of the Nigerian hospitality sector in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State. The researcher adopted a correlational survey design as it measures the link between two variables. A sample size of one hundred and fifty (150) participants were drawn from a population of two hundred and forty (240) with the aid of the Taro Yamane formula. The simple random sampling technique was used and a questionnaire was designed carefully to elicit data. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was adopted to test the hypotheses with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28. The results showed a week significant relationship between surface-level behaviour and corporate vitality. It was revealed that deep-level and genuine behavior have a strong and positive relationship with corporate vitality. The researcher concludes that there is a relationship between emotional labour and corporate vitality. However, it recommends that the management of hotels should create a work culture that promote positive emotional values, safety and feelings that will lead to improve customer service in such a way that surface-level behavior does not affect the worker and managers should serve as role models by displaying genuine behavior in their interactions with employees and customers.

Job Security and Teacher’s Job Retention in Private and Public Secondary Schools in Delta State

The study investigated the correlation between job security and teacher retention in private and public secondary schools in Delta State. The study utilised a correlational research design. The study included a total of 21,257 teachers from Delta State, with 11,777 teachers from public schools and 9,480 teachers from private schools. The study's sample comprised 1,178 teachers from private and public secondary schools in Delta State. This number represents 10% of the total population. The selection of participants was done using the stratified sampling technique. The data gathering process utilised the Influence of Job Security and Job Retention Questionnaire (IJSJRQ). IJSJRQ underwent validation by three specialists. The reliability of IJSJRQ was determined by the use of Cronbach Alpha, which resulted in a reliability coefficient of 0.81. The data obtained were examined via the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and t-test statistics. The findings indicated a notable correlation between job security and teacher's job retention in both private and public secondary schools in Delta State. Additionally, there was a significant disparity in job security between teachers in private and public schools in the State, with public school teachers having a more favourable situation. The researcher concluded that job security had a beneficial impact on the ability of teachers to remain in their positions. Nevertheless, the level of job stability is greater in public schools. The study, among others, recommended that secondary school administrators in both public and private institutions enhance the working environment of their teachers.