Pearson Product Moment Correlation Research Articles

Demographic Characteristics, Stress and Emotion Regulation in the Caregivers of Elderly Hemodialysis Patients

Background: Caregiving for elderly hemodialysis patients is a complex, multifaceted experience that demands considerable emotional and physical resources. The role of caregivers, predominantly female, involves managing the stress and emotional turmoil associated with the patient's chronic illness, which significantly impacts their well-being. Understanding the dynamics of caregiving is essential for developing supportive interventions that enhance caregiver and patient outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between demographic characteristics, stress, and emotion regulation in caregivers of elderly hemodialysis patients. It sought to identify key factors that contribute to caregiver stress and to evaluate how prolonged caregiving affects caregivers' ability to regulate emotions. Methods: Employing a correlational research design, the study analyzed data from 60 caregivers of elderly hemodialysis patients. Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to examine the relationships among variables, while demographic characteristics were assessed through descriptive statistics. The Kingston Caregiver Stress Scale (KCSS) and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) were administered to evaluate stress levels and emotion regulation capabilities, respectively. Results: The majority of caregivers were women (62%), with a significant proportion married (68%) and primarily in the age range of 35-50 years. A strong negative correlation was found between the duration of caregiving and KCSS total scores (r = -0.872, p < .001), indicating higher stress levels associated with longer caregiving durations. Conversely, a positive correlation was observed between the duration of caregiving and ERQ total scores (r = 0.380, p = .003), suggesting improved emotion regulation over time. The study also noted no significant relationship between family system types and stress levels. Conclusion: The study highlights the significant impact of caregiving on stress and emotion regulation among caregivers of elderly hemodialysis patients. It underscores the need for comprehensive support systems that address both the informational and emotional needs of caregivers, thereby enhancing their coping mechanisms and overall well-being.

Elucidating the challenges to Bumiputera entrepreneurs’ participation in the domestic furniture and wood products market in Malaysia

The limited market share and growth of Bumiputera entrepreneurs in domestic furniture and wood product industry in Malaysia remains a long-standing challenge. Therefore, a study to examine the market factors that contribute to the failure to thrive among Bumiputera entrepreneurs, registered with the Malaysian Timber Industry Board, was conducted. The results revealed that most of the respondents were micro- and small-sized enterprises, with sales focused on the domestic and contract markets. They were mostly producing sofa and kitchen cabinets, made to order, and sold in domestic markets within the vicinity. The respondents also indicated that the major challenges that impeded their ability to penetrate and capture market share include the limited production volume, lack of product diversity, limited government contract, and inter-ethnicity business collaboration. The Chi-square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation tests found that the significant challenges were only the limited production volume due to small company size, lack of product diversity, and the limited inter-ethnicity business collaboration among Bumiputera entrepreneurs. Therefore, policymakers should take heed that despite the many years of targeted and affirmative assistance to expand the domestic market share of Bumiputera entrepreneurs, the results remain poor, and inevitably, a new approach to Bumiputera entrepreneurs’ development must be adopted.

Correlation of Learning Systems with Student Engagement and Learning Outcomes

Ubiquitous Project Based Learning (UPBL) offers learning opportunities that are not limited by time and place, adapts to students' level of mastery, and creates learning communities where students can engage with each other while working on learning projects. UPBL actively contributes to achieving learning goals as best as possible. This research aims to determine the relationship between Ubiquitous Project Based Learning (UPBL) and Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) with student involvement and to choose the relationship with learning outcomes. This research uses a one-group pretest-posttest design. The parametric statistical test analysis technique of Pearson product-moment correlation was used to calculate the research data findings. The output of data calculations using SPSS is correlation data between Ubiquitous Project Based Learning (UPBL) and Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) students with student involvement and learning outcomes which is known to indicate a significant relationship between UPBL and SRL students, with student involvement and learning outcomes. , which is 0.000 and 0.005, which is smaller than the value of 0.05, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between UPBL and SRL students with student engagement and learning outcomes. The research results show that UPBL is substantially related to SRL regarding student engagement and learning outcomes.

Quality Management Techniques and Performance of Oil Servicing Companies In Rivers State, Nigeria

To succeed in the volatile environment of the oil industry, oil servicing firms rely on technical change, heavy investment in high technology and intellectual capital to sustain performance and attain competitive advantage. Hence, the research on Quality Management Techniques and Performance of Oil Servicing Companies in Rivers State, Nigeria. The population of the study comprised of all the thirty (30) oil servicing companies in Rivers State as at 31 December, 2021 as culled from the Federal Ministry of Petroleum Resources of Nigeria. Correlation Analysis Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and Factor Analysis was used to analyse the data collected. From the Pearson correlation (PC) Coefficient result displayed in table 4.4, it was discovered that quality audit has a positive statistically significant relationship with customer service delivery of oil servicing companies in Rivers State. Keywords: Quality management, Techniques, Sustained Performance, Nigeria

Predictors of the Actual Final Grade in Mathematics Subject of International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme Students in Surabaya, Indonesia

This study tried to investigate what are the possible indicators of the performance of International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme Students taking Mathematics Standard Level in an international school in Surabaya. The research made use of secondary data gathered from the school such as the scores of the students and together with their profile. The data covered academic years 2014 – 2019. Other than the secondary data and information gathered from the administration office and curriculum coordinators, The researcher also gathered the progress scores of the students from their subject teachers, one of whom is yours truly. Descriptive-correlational research design was used to analyze the data. Data collected were analyzed and interpreted using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. One-way Analysis of Variance was also used to check if there is significant difference among mock exam score for Predicted Grade (PG), General Point Average (GPA) and final grades. Among the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents, only gender significantly related to the final grade. Both GPA and mock exam predicted grades indicated that both grades have strong significant relationship to the final external examination grades of the students.

Envisaged obstacles and management options of implementation of total quality management, and teachers pedagogical quality output in secondary schools in Bayelsa state

The research focuses on obstacles and management options of implementation of total quality management skills and teachers’ pedagogical quality output in public secondary schools in Bayelsa State. The study utilizes an ex-post facto research design, employing a co-relational descriptive survey method. The population comprises 4175 consisting of 3997 teachers and 178 principals. The sample size includes 210, consisting of 90 principals i.e. 50% and 120 i.e. 3% teachers. The random sampling technique was applied. The research instrument is a self-constructed questionnaire developed based on the integrated quality management constructs originally formulated by Saraph, Benson, and Schroeder (1989). Additionally, it drew upon information from relevant literatures. The questionnaire is "Envisaged Obstacles and Management Options in the Implementation of Principals’ Total Quality Management Skills and Teachers’ Pedagogical Output Questionnaire" (EOMOIPTQMTPOQ). The face validity of the instrument was assessed through expert judgement, while the reliability used both the split half method and the Cronbach alpha statistics to a randomly selected group of 60 secondary school principals and teachers respectively in Edo State. The analysis indicated 0.70 for the envisaged obstacles in the implementation and 0.97 for suggested management options. The researcher utilized descriptive statistics, specifically mean scores and standard deviation, to address research questions 1 and 3. A mean score (X̅) rating of 2.50 or higher was considered as the benchmark for acceptance. For research questions 2 and 4, the researchers used correlation coefficients to determine the existence of relationships among the variables. Additionally, the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Statistics were applied to assess the significance in the formulated hypotheses 1, 2, 3, and 4, at a significance level of 0.05. The study concludes based on the findings that there were obstacles to the implementations of total quality management skills hence it affects teachers’ pedagogical output but the management options would ensure that the obstacles were remove as there was a significant relationship between principals’ total quality management skills and teachers' pedagogical output in public secondary schools in Bayelsa State. Based on the findings, the following recommendations among others are proposed: Principals and teachers in secondary schools should shift their perspective and adapt Total Quality Management (TQM) skills, recognizing that they are beneficial not only for businesses but also for educational institutions, as this can have a positive impact on teachers' pedagogical performance.

Pre-service Education Students’ Commitment Level to Their Career Choice

The study attempted to establish commitment level to career choice of pre-service education students in six public and private universities in Kenya. The third and fourth year pre-service education students were the respondents. Correlational research design and concurrent mixed method approach was employed in this study. Purposive, cluster and convenience sampling methods were used. Data were gathered by the use of questionnaires and interviews. In data analysis, frequencies, means, standard deviation, linear regression and Pearson product moment correlation coefficient were used. The pre-service education students were found to be moderately committed to their career choice. The study recommends Improvement of career guidance in schools so that students clearly understand and choose careers in relation to their interest and abilities because this will increase their commitment to their career choices and reduce the job hopping being experienced in the world of work.

Hubungan Peran Ayah Dengan Penyesuaian Diri Mahasiswa Baru Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara

This study aims to investigate the relationship between fatherhood and self-adjustment in new students of the Faculty of Social Sciences, State Islamic University of North Sumatra. Self-adjustment is defined as an individual's ability to cope with discomfort and exhibit behavior acceptable to the environment. This research method is quantitative with a population of 125 new students from the communication science study program. Sampling is carried out in total sampling. Data were collected through the fatherhood scale and self-adjustment scale, then analyzed using the Pearson product moment correlation. The results showed a correlation coefficient of 0.478 (P 0.05), indicating a significant positive relationship between fatherhood and self-adjustment. The coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.229 indicates that 22.9% of the variation in self-adjustment can be explained by the role of the father. The findings showed that paternity and self-adjustment were very low, with significant differences between the empirical mean and the hypothetical mean. Therefore, the proposed hypothesis is declared acceptable.

Hubungan Kecanduan Game dengan Gangguan Tidur Pada Remaja di MTsS Al-Washliyah 27 Sei Rampah

This study aims to find out the correlation between game addiction and sleep disturbance in MTsS Al – Al-Washliyah 27 Sei Rempah. The method used in this research is quantitative. The research subjects used were 186 students. The sampling technique used in this research is the Purposive Sampling technique with certain criteria. The hypothesis put forward in this study is there is a positive correlation between game addiction and adolescent sleep disturbance with the assumption that the higher the game addiction, the higher the sleep disturbance in adolescents. This study uses the Likert scale to measure game addiction and sleep disturbance variables. This study used Pearson Product Moment Correlation data analysis techniques using the SPSS version 22.00 application. Based on the results of the data analysis we obtained P sig (0.000) 0.05 with rxy = 0.945 which indicates that the hypothesis is accepted. Thus, it can be stated that there is a significant positive relationship between game addiction and sleep disturbance. The correlation between game addiction and sleep disturbance is high. Game addiction has an effect of 89,4% on sleep disorder.

PARENTING STYLES AS CORRELATES OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA

The study investigated parenting styles as a correlates of teenage pregnancy among adolescents in public secondary schools in Enugu State. Four research questions guided the study and four null hypotheses were tested at a .05 level of significance. The correlation research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised 9,974 senior secondary school two (SS II) female adolescent students, in the 292 public secondary schools in Enugu State. A sample of 996 female adolescent students was drawn for the study through a multi-stage sampling technique. Structured questionnaires titled Parenting Styles Questionnaire (PSQ) and Teenage Pregnancy Questionnaire (TPQ) were used for data collection. The instrument was face and construct validated by three experts; while the construct validation was ascertained using the Varimax Rotation Method. Internal consistency coefficients of 0.89, 0.91, 0.90, and 0.86; 0.92, and 0.89; were obtained for PSQ and TPQ respectively, using Cronbach Alpha statistical method. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Co-efficient, simple linear regression, and multiple linear regression statistics were utilized for data analysis. The p-value was used to determine the significant difference at a .05 level of significance for all hypotheses. The findings of the study revealed that there was a low positive significant relationship between authoritative parenting style and teenage pregnancy. The result also showed that there was a high positive significant relationship between authoritarian parenting style and teenage pregnancy. It was equally found that there was a highly positive significant relationship between permissive parenting style and teenage pregnancy. Finally, the result indicated that there was a very high positive significant relationship between neglectful parenting style and teenage pregnancy. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others that the school management and parents should ensure that the home and school environment are well protected to shield the children from exposure to negative influences, by being concerned about the well-being of the girl child through education about sex, sexuality and the danger inherent. Social welfare agencies (public and private) should re-double their efforts in educating, counselling, and rehabilitation of victims of teenage pregnancy.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/lit/0758/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Hubungan Motivasi Berprestasi dengan Hasil Belajar Bahasa Arab

Indicators of motivation are extremely important to the learning and teaching process. Motivation is a basic condition for the learner to achieve major educational goals, whether in the acquisition of knowledge, which is a cognitive aspect for the learner, or in the formation of values and attitudes, which is an emotional aspect in the student’s personality, or in the formation of various skills, which is a sensory-motor aspect. . In this research, the researcher wants to know the extent of the relationship between achievement motivation and academic achievement in the Arabic language at this university, especially among female students at Darul Ulum University Banyuanyar Pamekasan. The researcher uses a quantitative correlational type, which is research that aims to determine whether there is a relationship between two variables or several variables, and from the results of the conclusion that the relationship between these two aspects has a low impact, only 12.3% of all aspects that can affect the Academic achievement of female students. among female students at Darul Ulum University Banyuanyar Pamekasan. With a factor of 0.111 using the Pearson product-moment correlation formula

Exploring impact of student attitude, parental involvement, and teacher competence on mathematics performance in selected schools in Northern Ghana

The purpose of this study was to see how students’ attitudes towards mathematics influenced their academic achievement in the Savelugu Municipality in the Northern Region of Ghana. The study employed the pragmatic paradigm and quantitative methodology. A 41-item semi-structured questionnaire rated using 5-points Likert scale, and document reviews were used to collect data. A combination of purposive and simple random sampling procedures was used to select 35 junior high school (JHS) in the Savulugu Municipality, questionnaires were administered to 350 JHS students, however, 315 questionnaires were returned. Data obtained from questionnaire were analyzed using Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, t-test, means, standard deviation, and percentages. The results revealed that educational institutions should develop programs to help parents become more active in their children’s education. To influence students’ attitudes towards mathematics study, policymakers and the Ghanaian Educational Service should promote programs such as National Mathematics Day to raise students’ awareness of the importance of mathematics in their daily lives. The Ministry of Education and non-governmental organizations should endeavor to offer enough instructional resources and financial incentives to instructors to help them make teaching relevant in the classroom.

Hubungan Kontrol Diri dengan Kenakalan Remaja di Sekolah

Adolescence is a period of developmental transition between childhood and adulthood which generally begins at the age of 12 or 13 years and ends at the age of (late teens or early twenties). During this transition period, it is possible that a period of crisis will arise, which is characterized by a tendency for naughty or deviant behavior to emerge. One of the factors that influences juvenile delinquency is self-control. This research aims to describe the picture of student juvenile delinquency at school, describe student self-control and examine the relationship between self-control and juvenile delinquency at school. This research is a quantitative descriptive correlational type of research. The population of this research is students of SMP Negeri 1 Kubung, totaling 339 students enrolled in the 2023/2024 academic year. Sampling was determined using a purposive sampling technique with a sample size of 35 students. Data collection used a self-control questionnaire and a questionnaire on juvenile delinquency at school with a Likert scale model. The data was processed using percentage analysis techniques and to test the relationship between the two variables using the Pearson correlation product moment formula. The results of this research show that: (1) juvenile delinquency of students at SMP Negeri 1 Kubung is in the high category with a percentage of 53.94%, self-control of students at SMP Negeri 1 Kubung is in the low category with a percentage of 57.67%, (2) self-control students at SMP Negeri 1 Kubung are in the low category with a percentage of 57.67%, (3) there is a significant negative relationship between self-control and juvenile delinquency of -464 with a significance level of 0.005. A significant negative relationship means that the higher the student's self-control, the lower the student's delinquency. On the other hand, the lower the student's self-control, the higher the student's delinquency. The implications of the results of this research can be used as a guideline in providing guidance and counseling services in schools, especially in information services, group guidance services, group counseling services and individual counseling services in preventing juvenile delinquency at school.

The Effect of Students Self-Confidence on Mathematics Achievement in High School in Korea

This study looked into how students' self-confidence affected their performance in mathematics in South Korean high schools. This study employed an ex-post facto quantitative methodology with a correlational design on a sample size of 288 respondents selected using Yamane formulae. Students and math teachers from Daeyeon High School made up the sample size. To gather quantitative data, a mathematics achievement test and a confidence questionnaire in mathematics were employed. The null hypothesis, according to the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient computation formula, is that there is no statistically significant correlation between students' self-confidence and mathematical achievement. The study discovered a statistically significant positive correlation (r=723, p=0.000) between math achievement and student confidence. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the independent variables in the model account for 70.8% of the variance in the dependent variable, indicating their critical role in high school mathematics achievement for students. Furthermore, it was concluded that there is a significant positive attitude towards students' mathematics achievement when it comes to their self-confidence. The study concluded that since student confidence is directly correlated with mathematical achievement, math teachers should help students solve mathematical problems in order to help them build self-confidence for better achievement

Entrepreneurship Education: Pupils’ Engagements in Entrepreneurship in Calabar Metropolis

A survey was conducted to investigate how provisions for entrepreneurship education (EE) correlate the engagement of pupils in state primary schools in entrepreneurship in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria. Three research questions and hypotheses were formulated at .05 level of significance for the study. 800 pupils, including 400 boys and 400 girls, were recruited to participate via cluster sampling. Data was gathered from respondents using the entrepreneurship education and pupil engagement questionnaire (EEPEQ). Based on the Schumpeter effect and human capital theories, the SPSS was deployed to analyse data using the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient. Findings indicate that the development of creative skills, innovative abilities and personal grit have a correlation with pupils’ engagements in entrepreneurial activities. It is recommended thus: a revision of the curriculum of primary education to feature EE; the recruitment of competent teachers to teach EE is important, teaching and learning of the subject should be practical and action based; and that well fitted entrepreneurship workshops be built in primary schools to facilitate practical engagements of pupils in EE.

An Investigation of the Relationship between Democratic Attitudes and Communication Skills of Drama Educators

Creative drama encompasses two primary learning objectives: the internalization of democratic values and the cultivation of advanced communication skills. To foster these attributes in individuals through creative drama education, it is imperative that the educators themselves possess these skills. This research pursues a dual objective: firstly, it delves into the communication skills and democratic attitudes of creative drama educators, considering various influencing factors. Subsequently, it explores the correlation between communication skills and democratic attitudes. The study included 143 creative drama educators from 18 cities in Turkey. Various statistical analyses, including independent samples t-tests, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis, were employed. The findings reveal that the gender and years of experience of drama educators are not significantly linked to their democratic attitudes or communication skills. However, the faculty that they are graduated from significantly impacts both their communication skills and democratic attitudes. Finally, the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis demonstrates a significant and positive relationship between the communication skills and democratic attitudes of creative drama educators.

Hubungan antara Budaya Organisasi terhadap Employee Engagement pada Karyawan BPJS Kesehatan Kantor Cabang Padang

This research begins with the phenomenon of behavior shown by non-permanent employees of BPJS Health Padang Branch Office which leads to engagement related to the organizational culture of the company. The purpose of this research is to see how organizational culture is related to employee engagement in non-permanent employees of BPJS Health Padang Branch Office. The type used in this research is a quantitative correlational research method. The research subjects were 35 people obtained through saturated sampling techniques. The data collection tool uses an organizational culture scale consisting of 19 items with a reliability value of 0.919 and an employee engagement scale consisting of 16 items with a reliability value of 0.931. The data was processed using Karl Pearson's product moment correlation statistical technique. The research results with an rxy value of 0.814 with p=0.001 (p<0.01) show that there is a very significant positive relationship between organizational culture and employee engagement in non-permanent employees of BPJS Health Padang Branch Office. This shows that the better the organizational culture, the higher employee engagement among non-permanent employees of BPJS Health Padang Branch Office.

Patella height measurements in patients with patellofemoral instability: the power to predict patella height indices.

Numerous indices for patella height measurement are described in the literature; however, there is not a universally accepted 'gold standard'. Choice of indices varies depending on personal preference and previous experience, making it difficult to compare results between studies. The aims of this study were to assess the correlation between different patella height indices and generate statistically derived formulae that can be used to predict the value of one patella height ratio when another is known. Patients with patellofemoral instability were radiologically evaluated using both X-ray and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the knee. Two observers measured six validated patella height indices at two separate time intervals. All measurements were aggregated together and a mean average for each patella height ratio was calculated. These results were then statistically analysed using Pearson product-moment correlation and linear regression tests. Forty-four patients were included in the study. A statistically significant correlation was found between the majority of patella height ratios. On X-ray, the strongest correlation (r = 0.92, p < 0.001) and regression (R2 = 0.85, p < 0.001) coefficients were between the Blackburne-Peel and Caton-Dechamps ratios, with the formula; CD = 0.20 + (0.95xBP). On MRI, the strongest correlation (r = - 0.84, p < 0.001) and regression (R2 = 0.71, p < 0.001) coefficients were between the Patellophyseal index and Patellotrochlear index, with the formula; PP = 1.02-(1.10xPT). The formulae produced in this study can predict the value of one patella height ratio when the results of another are known. This could facilitate systematic reviews and meta-analyses by allowing the pooling together of data from many studies.

Work Related Factors Influencing Burnout Among Nurses in Selected Hospitals in Abeokuta, Ogun State

This study aimed to assess work-related factors influencing burnout among nurses in selected hospitals in Abeokuta, Ogun State. Using a Cross-Sectional Descriptive survey, the research examined the relationship between work-related factors and burnout, with specific objectives to determine the level of burnout among nurses. The findings revealed that factors such as higher nurse-patient ratios, working without off days, increased workload, chronic lack of sleep, and an inconducive working environment significantly contribute to burnout. Notably, nurse-patient ratios and working extra hours without rest ranked highest in influencing extreme tiredness and burnout. The study employed Pearson Product Moment Correlation to establish a significant relationship between work-related factors and burnout among nurses. The results demonstrated a strong correlation (r=0.773, p&lt;0.05), emphasizing the crucial link between workplace conditions and nurse burnout. The prevalence of burnout among nurses was substantial, highlighting challenges in emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. The study recommends interventions, including optimal nurse-patient ratios, policies promoting work-life balance, fatigue management programs, and improvements in the working environment. These recommendations aim to address specific stressors and enhance overall well-being among nurses, emphasizing the importance of organizational policies and practices in mitigating

A PERCEPTION OF HOMEMAKERS’ ONLINE MENU ORDERS ON CONSUMERS’ SATISFACTION IN TANKE, ILORIN SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KWARA STATE

The study investigated perception of homemakers’ online menu orders on consumers’ satisfaction in Tanke, Ilorin South Local Government Area. Five research questions were stated and four research hypotheses tested. Structured questionnaire was used to solicit information from the respondents. The instrument was validated and found reliable at 0.75. Five-point Likert scales of Strongly Agree, Agree, Strongly Disagree, Disagree and Undecided were used to interpret the data. Frequency count, mean, standard deviation and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation (PPMC) were used to analyse the data. The findings show that majority of the respondents agreed on the types of menus available for online order with grand mean score of 3.51 and the prices of menus ordered online were within the ranges of #2,000.00 to #2,750.00 per plate. Majority of the respondents also agreed with the methods of online menu orders with mean score of 3.43 were 3.00 was the decision rule which is lesser than 3.51 and 3.43 respectively. There is no significant relationship between the types and prices of online menu orders on customers’ satisfaction. Online menu orders have proliferated and rapidly improved the traditional line-up for menu orders and the use of digital resource brings relief to individual. It was therefore recommended that more researches be conducted on technological benefits to consumers in rural areas.