Patanjali's Yoga Sutras Research Articles

Management of Obsessive–compulsive Disorder through Yoga Philosophy-based Satvavajaya Chikitsa

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic anxiety disorder that significantly interferes with an individual’s occupational and social life leading to low self-esteem. Ayurveda correlates to Atattvabhinivesha. This case report describes a 25-year-old female, diagnosed case of OCD managed through Satvavajaya Chikitsa (Ayurveda psychotherapy), Yoga, and Pranayama. Vijnana, Dhairya, Smriti, and Samadhi are the psychotherapeutic domains of this therapy. Satvavajaya Chikitsa was planned based on the philosophical aspects of Patanjali Yoga Sutra. Significant relief in anxiety and Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale were appreciated at the end of the therapy. Thus, the case report highlights the potential and usefulness of Yoga-based Satvavajaya Chikitsa in the management of OCD.

Implementasi Ajaran Raja Marga Yoga Dalam Mengembangkan Kepribadian Dan Kesehatan Jasmani Masyarakat Hindu di Kota Palangka Raya

The Hindu community in Palangkaraya City can improve health holistically by integrating physical, mental, and spiritual health by practicing the teachings of Raja Marga Yoga. The practice of Raja Marga Yoga can be used to promote public health and personal development in the integration of Hindu community culture, which has its own uniqueness. This research aims to find out and inform about the forms, obstacles, and efforts to implement Raja Marga Yoga teachings so that these teachings can be used as a reference for the Hindu community in Palangka Raya City. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method that describes the unique results of the Raja Marga Yoga program by looking at forms, obstacles, and efforts as an analytical tool. The findings of this research indicate that the Hindu community in Palangka Raya City is implementing the Raja Marga Yoga Program in several implementation stages, namely the timing stage. Meditation stage, and surya namaskar yoga movement stage. Implementation of the teachings of Raja Marga Yoga can not only develop personality through efforts to apply the teachings of yama and nyama brata, but it also seeks to provide physical health through efforts to apply asana, pranayama, dhyana, dharana, meditation, samadhi and Patanjali's Yoga Sutra (Surya Namaskar). The implementation of Raja Marga Yoga teachings in Palangka Raya City is a distinctive characteristic of the Hindu community in this city. It is different from Hindu communities in other cities.

HARMONY OF MIND AND BODY: STUDY OF IMPORTANCE OF YOGA IN HUMAN LIFE

This paper explores the historical evolution, principles, and health implications of yoga, emphasizing its holistic approach to physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. Tracing its roots from the Vedic period to modern times, the article outlines the eightfold path of yoga, emphasizing its integral role in spiritual development according to Patanjali's Yoga Sutras. The discussion on health benefits encompasses cardiovascular and respiratory fitness, mental well-being, and stress management. Methodologically, the review employs a systematic approach, utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. It includes diverse participants, interventions, and outcomes, ensuring a comprehensive analysis of systematic reviews related to yoga interventions.

Application of Yoga in Adolescent/Teens to increase Resilience & Improve Emotional Well-Being with Emphasis on Yogic Principles - A Study

Aim: Adolescence is a transition period from childhood to adulthood and this tender age between the ages of 12 - 19 years is usually riddled with uncertainties and difficulties as the children are faced with peer pressures, social media, career choices and parents' expectations. According to UNICEF and other research publications, ensuring emotional well-being and resilience in adolescents' formative years can foster a better transition from childhood to adulthood. This is the time when our youth is most prone to emotional imbalances. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) by 2020, 50% of the youth will be under-served. World bodies like the United Nations estimates that at-least 1 billion school going children have been affected globally by the closure of schools due to the Covid pandemic. The mental health and wellbeing of at least 332 million children are at risk, warns UNICEF. So there is an urgent need to take appropriate steps so that adolescents can attain normal, healthy growth and become productive and positive contributors to society. Yoga is proposed to offer methods for regulation and resilience through the integrated practices of yama and niyama (ethical intentional principals) asana ( physical exercise), pranayama (breathing techniques) and meditation. This study aims to introduce and establish the seeds of Yoga in young minds, and how the practice of simple Yoga techniques can help manage stress, maintain emotional well-being and resilience. Methodology: The approach incorporates methods on how to engage children and gradually introduce the Yogic practices and convince them to use Yoga to manage stress, emotional well-being and build resilience to maintain a healthy body and mind. The methodology inculcates our age-old wisdom from classical texts like Patanjali Yoga Sutras, Yoga Vasishta and Bhagavad Gita, and combined with contemporary techniques to suit the current generation of youngsters. Classical texts were thoroughly investigated for references to yogic principles apt for today's modern world and these are verified on a group of young children using Hypothesis testing and statistical analysis. Conclusion: Youth is a valuable asset for any country. The consequences of not addressing the emotional well-being and mental health of adolescence extends into adulthood, thereby impairing both physical and mental health and limiting opportunities to lead fulfilling lives as adults. Scientific research studies all over the world have revealed that following yogic practices can play an important role to manage stress, emotional well-being and thereby improve resilience. The methodology used showed positive results with a group of 50+ children to introduce yoga and help maintain lower stress and emotional wellbeing, and boost immunity and build resilience. Highly resilient people are flexible, adapt to new circumstances quickly and thrive in constant change. Keywords: Emotional Well-Being, Resilience, Yoga, Teens, Adolescence

MEDITASI PERSPEKTIF PATANJALI YOGA SUTRA

Humans do not optimize all of their brain's abilities, in general, humans only use 1% of their brain's abilities on average. 99% of the capabilities of the human brain can be accessed from super conscious awareness by practicing meditation. The purpose of this study was to find out the types and steps of meditation contained in the Patanjali Yoga Sutras to access self-awareness so that the human body, mind and spirit can function optimally. Meditation helps relax the muscles and nerves because the senses and mind focus on one object while meditating. In the Patanjali Yoga Sutras it is stated that meditation is able to overcome the turmoil of the mind, so that it is able to see the true self, with regular meditation the mind becomes a friend. This research is of a qualitative type with psychological, theological, and phenomonological approaches. Data collection methods in this study are observation, literature study, interviews, and documentation. The analysis strategy in this research is descriptive qualitative analysis. From the results of this study it can be concluded that the meditation contained in the Patanjali Yoga Sutras consists of 4 types, namely, chakra meditation, so-ham meditation, pranayama meditation and turya meditation (super conscious)
 Keywords: meditation, Patanjali Yoga Sutra

Development of Image Based Model for Basic Standing Yoga Poses that Control Type-2 Diabetes

Yoga is one of the ancient practices originated in India that helps in balancing mind and body of human. For the past few decades it has got wide spread throughout the world. Many are practicing it in the presence of yoga tutor or following some online modes. But improper practice may cause major harm to muscles and ligaments of the human body. There are different asanas proposed in the Patanjali Yoga Sutra that can cure different diseases. This paper, proposes a mathematical model for a set of yoga asanas that can help cure Type -2 Diabetes. A noninvasive analysis has been implemented using Kinect Sensor and LabVIEW software to analyze the performance of the practitioner. The joints are subjected to the flexibility of the practitioner without any overstress.

Living with yoga in everyday life

Yoga practices have been recognized over time to bring positive effects to all parts of the complex human organism to make them work optimally and also to be useful for the wellbeing of mental faculties as well. Today’s life is much occupied with diverse engagements in household, educational, professional and social fronts. It seems not easy for all people to dedicate time to practice their interest or doing activities like yoga, physical exercises and other hobbies even periodically, in spite of having willingness to do so. However, it is to ponder that our lives are not only based on yoga, it is something which we are living with knowingly or unknowingly. In this context the eight limbs of Patanjali Yoga Sutra (PSY) of Maharshi Patanjali who has given the most reflective explanation of yoga have been referred to see how they are echoed in our lives. A few literatures with research publications have been studied to write this article. It has been thoughtfully explored with the aim to suggest how yoga practices can be synchronized with daily activities with the conclusion that the yoga practices may be incorporated in our life along with day-to-day activities without spending further time.

ASHTANGA YOGA'S IMPORTANCE AND IMPACT ON HEALTH PROMOTION

According to the World Health Organisation, "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity" is what is meant by "health." In reality, Ashtanga means "eight limbs." There is an overarching concept behind Ashtanga Yoga that has been simplified down into eight com-ponents and is intended to be a way of maintaining both physical and spiritual wellness. Both Raja yoga and Hathyoga include them. These two-go hand in hand with one another. In the present day, Ashtanga yoga is particularly beneficial for all-around personality development. As a trait of behaviour, cognition, and emotional pattern, personality must be created on a multidimensional basis. According to Bhagvadgeeta, it is mentioned that Yoga is a condition of harmony between mind and body i.e., Yoga Samatwamuchyate. It is described as Yoga Chitavrittinirodha, or the cessation of mental changes, in the Patanjali Yoga Sutra. It includes several elements that are important for enhancing social health as well. We shall attempt to analyse Ashtanga Yoga's involvement in the three dimensions of health in the following article. It is also important for women's health.

Time to Teach Age Old Values Yamas and Niyamas as Part of Value Education to School children

Value-based education aims to train students with appropriate attitude and values when they are interacting with their friends, family and outside the school. It helps in developing the child’s Personality, Character, Citizenship, and Spirituality. Stories are an effective tool and an ideal medium through which children can be taught essential life lessons. In ancient India, children were taught values and ethics through the oral story-telling tradition. Stories from Indian Folk tales such as Panchatantra, Hitopodesha, Epics like Ramayana and Bhagavad Gita were told to children during their childhood to teach them Ethics, Values which plays a significant role in their personality development. In this article, we have attempted to bring out the commonality between the values as given in Patanjali Yoga Sutras and HYP as Yamas (Social Discipline) and Niyamas (Personal Discipline) with the characters of Ramayana and the values given in Bhagavad Gita. It is easy to incorporate them in the curriculum with the help of stories class wise.

Meditation for Human Mind and Brain: Findings from Functional Neuroimaging Investigations

Meditation is generally described as being in the present moment or being alert in the present moment, instead of constantly struggling to change or to become. Meditation is an essential part of Yoga philosophy and the seventh limb of Astanga Yoga described by sage Patanjali in the ancient text Patanjali Yoga Sutra. Yoga including meditation, is an ancient technique invented to unite the individual consciousness with the universal consciousness, however, scientific studies have demonstrated the vast health advantages associated with it. Mindfulness as a non-judgmental awareness of the present-moment is also a part of yoga philosophy, however, most of the mindfulness practices those are being practiced in modern days are also rooted in Buddhist philosophy. Some well-known meditation techniques are Buddhist meditations, Hindu meditations, Chinese meditations, Christian meditation, Islamic meditations, Guided meditations etc. Meditation influences brain systems involved in attention, awareness, memory, sensory integration, emotion regulation, and higher-order cognitive functions. Meditation has also been found to be very effective in relieving stress, regulating emotions and promoting mental health. A significant increase in grey matter volume was found in the meditators as compared to non-meditators. The larger grey matter volume overall, and with regional enlargement in several right hemispheric cortical and subcortical brain regions are associated with sustained attention, self-control, compassion and interoceptive perception. Several functional neuroimaging studies showed that some brain regions are recruited consistently across different meditation techniques including insula, pre/supplementary motor cortices, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and frontopolar cortex.

INTEGRATION OF HEALTH WITH INDIAN TRADITIONAL SCIENCE

For centuries, Yoga and Ayurveda have been contributing an important role in health preservation. The great objective of Ayurveda is to maintain the health of a healthy persons. and to cure the diseases of sick people. in the same way Maharshi Patanjali has been said in Patanjaliyoga Sutra (1:2) Yogasyachittavrittinirodhait means that yoga is the removing of the fluctuation of the mind and experience oneness and union with real Devine. Both Yoga and Ayurveda does not promoteonly physical health, but also emphasize on holistic health. Health is not only a state of physical fitness but also physical, mental, social, spiritualwellbeing. Maharshi Shushruta has also said in the definition of health in Shushrut Samhita (15:38). Samadosha, samagnischa,samadhatumalakriyaha,PrasannaatmenindriyamanhSwasthyaityabhidheeyate.. Acharya Shushrutahasbeen defines health is an equilibrium stage of TriDosha(vata,pitta,kapha),Agni (Jathragni,Bhutagni,Dhatvagni).SaptaDhatu(Ras,Rakta,Mansa,Meda,Asthi,mjja,shukra)andregular excretion of mal (waste product i.e. Mutra, Purish, Sweda) and blissful state of senses, mind and soul, that person is completely healthy. Andalso, World Health Organization defines health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. And in the modern era, everyone is becoming aware of and following the principles of Yoga and Ayurveda to achieve the most optimal state of health and maintain holistic health. Only using Traditional Indian medical practices is it possible to achieve total wellness.

On Becoming a Yogi Coach—Part 1

This article proposes a conceptual understanding on becoming a Yogi coach. Yogic perspective is presented to help coaches become better coaches by being able to resonate with their coachees. This resonance is achieved by the coach developing Sakhi (friend) and SAkshi (witness/meditative) bhAva (state of mind) as their inner anchorage. The current article examines the nature of conversations through the lens of Patanjali Yoga sutras and details out developing Sakhi bhAva and SAkshi bhAva using the Chakra principles. Discussion is done on the nature of conversations, the inner drama, and its consequences. The article brings out the seven types of conversation and the potential transformation a Yogi Coach can offer. Yogic view is proposed to enhance coaching conversations to facilitate deeper inquiry, explore possibilities and aid inner transformation by the coachee. This article is the first article of the two-part series on becoming a Yogi coach.

Yama in Patanjali's Yoga Sutras

In Ashtanga Yoga, out of the eight limbs Yamadi, here the first limb is represented as Yama. Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacharya and Aparigraha are the five Yamas. In the present time yoga is done by the lokas, in that the yamas-niyama is not followed smoothly, so here the importance of five yamas like truth, non-violence etc. has been shown. Key words: Rs. Yama Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacharya, Aparigraha Purpose: The purpose is that most of the people engage in yoga only with asanas, pranayama etc. Conduct is necessary to get the physical, mental and spiritual benefits of ease. This point of conduct has been mentioned in Yama.Niyam. Therefore, the aim is to attract the attention of the worlds to this conduct.

Free Papers Compiled

Many experts believes this undoubtedly that Panic is dangerous than pandemic. Fear, stress, anxiety, depression and obsession out of continuous panic state of mind would be more dangerous than the infection caused by covid19 corona virus during pandemic because if one member of a family is infected by infection than all other members of same family were found to be suffering from the stress and fear of being infected next. This situation give a clue that numbers of people having fear and panic of infection is more than sufferer of actual pandemic due to covid infection.During years 2019,2020,2021 pandemic and post covid pandemic periods , there were sudden raising pattern is seen in the psychological disorder noted worldwide as per the panelists of different organization and private research analysts. It has shaken every one from individual to institutes .Sudden application of break in the modern life style and prolong home bounded situation exacerbated the mental health issue beyond the expectation of experts. Pandemic has hampered the life style of all age group specially children ,adolescents and young who are captivated at home . Prolong sitting front of computer for school from home,work from home , different on line courses from home . This forced home living situation creating many psychological disorder among different age group .This is why application of yoga and mediation has raised in treatment of psychological disorder . Modern psychiatry is still far away from the application of ancient knowledge of yoga ,meditation and holistic understanding of human psychological nature its constitution and disorders . Therapeutic approach of meditation and yoga is only at surface level and need to be explored up to deep .Lack of deep knowledge and ignorance of same is the reason for that modern psychiatry is unable to provide the holistic approach for treating psychological disorder in comprehensive away . It has been got evident that yoga and meditation has helped many people who were kept in their houses for long time to stay healthy and to create mental well-being too .In this scientific paper application of knowledge,skill,approach,perception ,hidden intellect from ancient books on yoga sutra and meditation is done for treating different psychological disorders .Many experts either lack the idea or ignore to accept about different approaches written for treating differ psychological disorders in many books like swami Vivekananda translation of patanjali yoga sutra that’s written by by maharishi Patanjali 600bc , the Veda,the Upnishad ,The Bhagwat Gita and many more ancient books and ancient philosophy of yoga and meditation .By application of these skill , knowledge and perception and holistic approach towards the cessation of mental waves that common in mental disorder. As the modern age is the age of psychological disorders. Hence the holistic approach towards the study of human mind, its nature and disorders is the crucial need of the day. Efforts for this are going on in eastern as well as western countries. In western countries modern psychology developed as the branch of natural sciences is also trying to find out the solution for the problem at its own level. However due to its materialistic prejudices and single sided vision towards the human mind and nature it is unable to reach at the root cause of the problem and adopt the holistic approach for its therapy. for ANCIP2022 -BYDR.SANTOSH KUMAR PANDIT, Email-Panditsant79@gmail.comMobile-7980309435.

Essential but seldom taught Yogāṅgas

Context: The theme of the 7th International Day of Yoga on June 21, 2021, was “Yoga For Wellness,” focusing on practice of yoga for physical and mental well-being. Since the concept of such a celebration was suggested by the UN General Assembly in 2014, yoga teaching has blossomed in almost all nations. However, a loss of rigor in the treatment of traditional yoga has resulted. Commercial aspects have reduced yoga to physical, breathing, and concentration exercises. Aims: The aim of this paper is to discuss three neglected Yogaṅgas, the Yamāḥ, Niyamāḥ and Pratyahāraḥ, and their potential benefits (siddhi) for society in the world today. Materials and Methods: We consulted four different reputed translations of Patanjali Yoga Sutra, during which, we generally hit on new, previously untreated aspects of the Sanskrit text. Results: Using an holistic perspective on the whole text, we provide new translations of pāda II's twenty sūtras concerning the Yamāḥ, Niyamāḥ, and Pratyahāraḥ. Practices to inculcate each of them are also explained. Conclusions: Traditional yoga highlights the important need to build a good character and helps develop the self-discipline to achieve high levels of both balance of mind and presence of mind; i.e., to live in the present moment, with union (yoga) of mind and body, and of thoughts, words and action, and lead a life of integrated restful alertness.

YOG AND INDIAN DIETETICS IN MANAGEMENT OF MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT (MCI): A COMPLIMENTARY REMEDIAL REVIEW

Background: Yog and nutrition have been placed in the limelight since an extensive era for the management of all-cause cognitive impairment. As the global population is ageing rapidly as exhibited that over two billion indi- viduals will be crossing 60 years by 2050, the rate of cognitive decline or impairment will also be a challenge to the healthcare providers. Methodology: The main aim of the present review is to examine the promising benefits of Yog and ancient Indian nutrition science in the overall management of early and mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Many ancient classical Indian texts such as Gherand Samhita, Patanjali Yoga sutra, Charak Samhita, Sushruta Samhita etc., have been extensively referred for the current scoping review. Keywords: Yog, Indian dietetics, Mild cognitive decline, dementia.

Deconstructing ahimsa at the workplace: its relevance and significance

PurposeThis paper aims to conceptualize ahimsa at the workplace as an alternate coping response to negative workplace behaviours. The response strategy aims to impede conflict escalation and transform a hostile situation into a collaborative one.Design/methodology/approachThe conceptualization of the indigenous construct bases upon Bhawuk's methodological suggestion on building psychological models from the scriptures (Bhawuk, 2010, 2017, 2019). The construct ahimsa explicates by synthesizing the micro-world (Bhagawad Gita, BG and Patanjali Yoga Sutras, PYS) and through the lifeworld of Gandhiji.FindingsThe conceptual analysis illustrates the efficacy of ahimsa as an alternate response to negative workplace behaviours. The definition delineates its three core characteristics, i.e. conscious non-violent action, self-empowerment and rehumanizing the perpetrator. Besides, it proposes to enhance metacognition, creativity and individual learning at the workplace.Originality/valueThe conceptual paper gives a new direction to management researchers on coping and responding to stress.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra and Thirumoolar Thirumandiram a comparative study

India is the symbol of spirituality. Yoga is the method of attaining spiritual awareness. Yoga is spreading all over the world in this twentieth century. The ‘Yoga Sutra’ divised by the sage Patanjali who is known as the father of yoga, is seen by most people as the source of the art of yoga. When comparing the Patanjali Yoga Sutra with the Thirumoolar Thirumandiram, both the texts explain Astanga Yoga, Astama Siddhis, Four Padas, Pranava Samadhi and Mukthi. The Yoga Sutra speaks of ten types of samadhi states. Thirumandiram elaborates on thirty types of states of consciousness. Apart from Astanga Yoga, special techniques like Pariyanga Yoga, Chandra Yoga and Kayasiddhi Upayam are also mentioned in the Thirumandiram. Yoga Sutra is a book of 196 songs. Thirumandiram is a very comprehensive book with 3000 songs.

ANCIENT INDIAN SCRIPTURES AND HUMAN VALUES

Value education is inextricably linked to every step of our life. It helps in the manifestation of the personality and character of an individual and makes a good citizen. Citizens with values produce a peaceful society. But the question arises how values can develop? Usually, educational institutes are one of the platforms where values are being imparted among the students which are really important. The purpose of the article is to understand the importance of scriptures for the development of human values. Various scholars have mentioned that scriptures increase positivity among the individual. The ancient scriptures like Bhagavat Gita, Upanishad and Patanjali Yoga Sutra, etc. rightly indicating the way of inculcating values.The scriptures knowledge awaken humanity within children, show the right path in life, make them honest, hardworking, courageous, and remove violence from society, establish peace, and remove the religious bigotries.Therefore, need to understand ancient scriptures and incorporate it into our educational curriculum.

Posture modification through Sunjeevan Yoga

In this twentieth century with dynamic changing lifestyle, more towards sedentary, growing technologies, crazy working hours, pressures, deadline, competition, responsibilities and eventually growing stress is reason for growing physical and pathological disorders. This is also the cause of early pathological disorders. One becomes victim of wrong posture due to monotonous routine, improper work environment and lack of exercises. We are conscious about our health and follow specific fitness regime and diet, but awareness of body and its structure is also equally important. We are conscious about our external look, but we ignore internal beauty of our body. Maintaining balance of well-arranged body created by the environment and our energy should be well preserved. Yoga plays an important role in creating this awareness, posture practice to keep us physically healthy, meditation to keep our mind healthy and raj yoga teaches us to have insight to know the goal of our soul which is ‘peace’. This article emphasis on posture awareness through posture modification. It emphasis on what is posture modification and how it can be achieved through posture correction. It explains the importance of posture correction and how important is body awareness with reference to effect of gravitation force on our body, to bring change in our body to maintain symmetry/ balance and preserve it. It also covers Ashtanga yoga, 8 limbs of yoga which is the best guide to teach us how to live our life, with systematic progression in setting up our goals towards the purpose of our life. When I say understanding of the body that also includes understanding of our daily routine and the flow of posture correction from foot to toe and flow of the yoga therapy which goes after identification of the problem. The article also mentions few important facts in this article, Kids learn through imitating our behavior physically and socially. Gaining knowledge and wisdom is fate, passing this knowledge to next generation is our responsibility. As the topic says, principles of Sunjeevan Yoga are explained throughout the article. Just like various schools of Yoga, Sunjeevan Yoga is also a school of Yoga which has main aspect as Yoga Therapy using different Hatta yoga asnaas and props to treat patient with various physical deformity and supportive therapy to pathological disorders. Keeping the base of Patanjali yoga sutra as philosophy behind Sunjeevan Yoga therapy, it works more on body and mind awareness. To summarize, Lifestyle Management is crucial and is need of an hour. This can be achieved through Yoga, that is awareness of body and mind. Lifestyle management is spending quality time at work, family, friends, and oneself. How well we manage our body and mind that is physical and virtual health and how we primacies our priorities. Yoga is just not just stretching and postures, but yoga is posture recognition and modification, stretching with awareness.