Paradigmatic Characteristics Research Articles

Critical Research and Qualitative Methodologies: Theoretical Foundations and Contribution to Nursing Research.

Background: Methodological approaches that draw on critical perspectives (critical ethnography, critical phenomenology, and critical grounded theory) share common concepts, including social justice, reflexivity, positionality, pragmatism and social transformation. These approaches differ from conventional phenomenology, ethnography and grounded theory despite sharing common methodological grounds.Purpose: In this article, we will outline the major contributions of critical theory, as a research paradigm, to the development and evolution of qualitative methodologies. In particular, we will discuss their application to nursing research. The historical and conceptual underpinnings of these critical methodologies will first be described to highlight their paradigmatic characteristics and implications for nursing.Implications for Practice: Although not yet widely employed in nursing research, critical qualitative methodologies are particularly well suited to the discipline as they shed light on issues of power, social control, and marginalization among the vulnerable populations with whom nurses practise on a daily basis. The use of critical approaches can expose the epistemic injustice and social and health inequality that continue to prevail in our society.

Perspectives of Functional Programming of Parallel Computations

The article is devoted to the results of the analysis of modern trends in functional programming, considered as a metaparadigm for solving the problems of organizing parallel computations and multithreaded programs for multiprocessor complexes and distributed systems. Taking into account the multi-paradigm nature of parallel programming, the paradigm analysis of languages and functional programming systems is used. This makes it possible to reduce the complexity of the problems being solved by methods of decomposition of programs into autonomously developed components, to evaluate their similarities and differences. Consideration of such features is necessary when predicting the course of application processes, as well as when planning the study and organizing the development of programs. There is reason to believe that functional programming has the ability to improve programs performance. A variety of paradigmatic characteristics inherent in the preparation and debugging of long-lived parallel computing programs are shown.

The particle “just” in lexicographic terms and materials for complementing its lexical entry

This article is devoted explores the lexicographic description of functional words. The object of this research is the lexicographic interpretation of functional words. The subject is the interpretations of the particle “just” in various types of dictionaries, namely explanatory and etymological dictionaries of the Russian language, as well as dictionaries developed foreign scholars. The goal is set to systematize the existing information on the particle “just” in the dictionaries, as well as present the material for complementing its lexical entry based on the analysis of factual material in order to create a comprehensive portrait of this unit. For achieving the set goal, the article employs descriptive, comparative, and analytical methods. Comparison of the dictionary data allows determining the similarities and differences in interpretation of the word “just”, establish the invariant meaning of this particle, outline the discrepancies in classification of the types of its use. Leaning on the analysis of factual material of the particle “just” in relation to its syntagmatic and paradigmatic characteristics, the author offers a new interpretation of the meanings of this particle and division of modifications of its meanings. The novelty of this work consists in the proposed material for complementing the lexical entry of the particle “just”.

Pronouns in the System of Parts of Speech

There are no school and university grammars on Indo-European (I-E) and Turkic languages, as well as no studies on the theory of parts of speech, in which the problem of pronouns is regarded from various perspectives. This class of words does not have a general semantic feature that is characteristic of all its categories, as is the case in other auto semantic parts of speech – nouns and verbs. It is not possible to specify syntactic functions that are common to all pronouns. Their morphological and paradigmatic characteristics are also heterogeneous. For example, personal pronouns have a declension paradigm that is not represented in other parts of speech. Their distinctive feature is suppletion within the case paradigm. The analysis of grammatical studies shows that there are significant differences in the definition of the quantitative composition and nomenclature of pronouns both within the same language of different authors, and in different languages in typological terms. Significant quantitative differences are revealed between different categories of this part of speech in all the languages under analysis – from 1 to 77. There are no clear boundaries between pronouns proper and the so-called pronominal words. The article presents a typological description of the types of morphological structure of all categories of pronouns in different languages. The classifications of the categories of pronouns are contradictory. Thus, the status of the so-called reflexives is defined differently: some linguists consider them as amplifying forms of personal pronouns, while others grant them the status of an independent category. In typological terms the indefinite pronoun they in English, man in German, on in French and their grammatical equivalent in Russian – the form of the 3rd person plural are of great interest. The paper also reveals the inverse relationship between the morphological structure and the one or multi-meaning of pronouns, namely: the simpler the morphological structure of a unit, the more multifunctional it is, and, vice versa, the more complex the morphological structure is, the poorer this unit is in functional and semantic terms.

Парадигмальный подход в анализе российских и европейских молодежных субкультур

European scientific tradition distinguishes between modern and postmodern subcultural paradigms. Contrary to that, the issue of youth subcultural paradigms in Russian research tradition is still open. The specificity of the Russian subcultures is that they trace their origin either in Europe or the USA. In view of this, it is important to identify the features of European cultural phenomena that are present in the Russian cultural space. The European paradigm approach is introduced through the works of D. Hebdige and D. Muggleton. Paradigm features of subcultural analysis offered by these scholars provide the basis for analysis of the Russian empirical material. In particular, the study takes into account such characteristics as the presence / absence of a border between subcultures, the presence / absence of the ideology of a subculture, the fixity / fluidity of subcultural identity, the presence / absence of the influence of mass media on subcultural identity, the presence / absence of capitalist values in the subculture, the presence / lack of protest potential in subcultures. Interviews with representatives of the first and second waves of the Samara graffiti subculture became the empirical material of the study. We identified paradigmatic characteristics in the first and second waves of the subculture and compared them. The results obtained allow concluding that the Russian subcultural space has its own specifics, and the subcultural paradigms of both the first and second waves are of a hybrid nature, containing features of both modern and postmodern paradigms.

ГРАММАТИЧЕСКАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ В РУССКО-НЕМЕЦКИХ И НЕМЕЦКО-РУССКИХ СЛОВАРЯХ, СОЗДАННЫХ В ГЕРМАНИИ В XIX ВЕКЕ

The paper presents the results of a study of the grammatical information provided in the Russian-German and German-Russian dictionaries compiled in Germany during the 19th century. In the course of the comparative research, we studied the bilingual Russian-German and German-Russian dictionaries for the extent of elaboration and presentation of symbolic and factual paradigmatic characteristics, as well as syntagmatic information. A relationship between the dictionary type and the quality/quantity of grammatical information was found. Numerous examples proving that grammatical information in the pocket dictionaries is least elaborated were provided. For the complete and manual dictionaries, a tendency to an increase in the quality/quantity of their characteristics was noted. It was also demonstrated that the grammatical information for the Russian items of the Russian-German and German-Russian dictionaries is slightly more elaborated than for the German ones, thereby indicating that the main target audience of these dictionaries was still German-speaking users. Based on the results of our research, it was concluded that all the studied dictionaries show certain features in their structures. Therefore, special works devoted to the study of each dictionary separately are of scientific interest. Such works may be helpful in identifying the lexicographic value of the dictionaries, as well as the contribution made by their authors to the development of the Russian-German and German-Russian lexicography.

Лінгвометодичні та лексикографічні аспекти термінологічної лексики

The research of construction machinery term system has been carried out in systematic functional and lexicographical aspect in the context of extra linguistic factors which influence the formation of any branch term system. Linguistic means of the terms nomination have been investigated in a complex way. The main paradigmatic characteristics of the construction machinery term system have been defined. It should be noted that a branch term system is the kind of a mirror. It reflects the character, the mentality and the activity of the community. It is the most adaptable and responsive to changes in a sphere of production. The rapid advances which are being made in construction, the appearance of new machines and tools create a continual demand for the formation of new terms to express new ideas and to name new objects. Terms are the necessary tools which help us to convey thoughts or a new name to an item. When a new product, new conception comes into the life of people it definitely finds a name in their language. To obtain better and more acute results different methods have been used. Combinatory methods of T. Lomtev along with some elements of generic and aspectual methods of T. Kandelaki were used to single out microsystems of different levels in the investigated term system. These methods have also contributed to the possibility to define differential and integral features of term meanings. Various reference books and manuals in construction machinery («Earth moving machines», «Hoisting machines and equipment» etc.) were used to conduct research of term definitions. The types of terminological thematic groups and the peculiarities of synonymic and antonymic relations have been determined and analyzed. Enriching the building terminology by the semantic method and by borrowing words from general language in the process of nominating a new item has been examined in the article. Taking into consideration our experience of compiling term dictionaries, we propose a special training dictionary containing an alphabetical and field arrangement of terms with their definitions and translation. It will be of great help for students and it can be considered as the main linguistic component in a process of professionally-oriented teaching of foreign languages.

Early Mesopotamian Divination Literature: Its Organizational Framework and generative and Paradigmatic Characteristics. By Abraham Winitzer. Boston: Brill, 2017. Pp. 511. $121.00 (cloth).

<i>Early Mesopotamian Divination Literature: Its Organizational Framework and generative and Paradigmatic Characteristics</i>. By Abraham Winitzer. Boston: Brill, 2017. Pp. 511. $121.00 (cloth).

COMPLEX CHARACTER OF LOGIC IN LEGAL METHODOLOGY

Problem setting. In the modern methodology, the issues related to the impossibility of fulfilling the general scientific logical requirements of completeness and consistency are actualized: whitish spots testify to the inability to achieve the ideal of scientific completeness, and legal conflicts - about the contradiction of legal norms, which is potentially present in the legal system. Therefore, in relation to the problems of modern legal methodology, logical investigations are conducted with the intention of realizing non-classical ways of reasoning.Recent research and publications analysis. In studies on legal methodology, the logical form is used as a frame, for which the legal form is harmonized. Legal logic has distinct characteristics about traditional and classical logic, which need to be addressed. Researchers in legal logic refer to informal logic.Paper objective. The purpose of the article is to cover the paradigmatic characteristics of logic involved in legal methodology, justification of the logical toolkit in the perspective of the execution of legal tasks.Paper main body. At the legislative level and in the legal theory, lawyers rate a legal subject using the strongest and most effective in terms of achieving the truth and therefore the most influential practices of convincing logical forms and techniques. These, for example, include: modus Barbara simple categorical syllogism, known as litigation mode; modus ponens of conditional categorical syllogism, which is a logical form intended to form qualifications in violation of law (it is called legal syllogism); modus tollens conditional-categorical syllogism, which appears as a logical form as a formally-logical standard of the legal norm, etc. Thus, the logical form of legal qualification has a structure of conditional-categorical syllogism, modus ponens. On the other hand, legal logic differs from traditional and classical logic by the fact that it limits logical possibilities of cognition and implies deviation from logical rules, creating an exception in the logic of a legal subject. Limitation of logical possibilities is carried out from the point of view of the tasks of legal epistemology. That is, not all truths have legal significance. Restrictions and exceptions regarding logical rules are conditioned in particular by doubts as to whether the desired goal is achieved by qualifying concrete facts in terms of the logic of abstract subjects. Qualification from a legal point of view means establishing an identity (full or partial) of the attributes. The question arises: can there be identical signs of an abstract (or generalized on a high level) and specific subjects. The logical paradigm of abstract thinking is based on the ratio of gender and form, and the logical paradigm of specific thinking is based on the ratio of the part and the whole. In the practice of legal thinking, these logical paradigms are correlated in a special way. The proportion of the part and the whole are considered in the hermeneutical logic in the process of interpretation. Abstract norms require the establishment (or refinement) of the meaning, that is, the procedures of interpretation. Concrete facts are interpreted, provided contextual content they are given legal value.Conclusions of the research. The complex nature of the logic of lawyers appears in the simultaneous use of two logical paradigms (types of thinking), on the basis of which are also structured two types of interpretation.

PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF HUMANITIES TEACHERS IN POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION: REFLEXIVE PARADIGM

The article is dedicated to revealing the essence of professional training of humanities teachers in conditions of postgraduate education to realize reflexive activity. As a result of the retrospective analysis of goals and objectives of the Ukrainian postgraduate teachers’ education, the shift of educational accents from cognitive to personal has been proved, and the need for implementing a reflexive approach in the educational process has been substantiated. Basic paradigmatic characteristics of modern postgraduate pedagogical education have been revealed (dominance of axiological and sense-making components in the content of education, consideration of teacher’s professionalism from the reflexive perspective, reliance on empirical professional and social experience of trainees). Pedagogical reflection is viewed as a complex psychological phenomenon, manifested in the teacher’s ability to take an analytical position in relation to his/her activities. It has been proved that the effective development of professional pedagogical reflection in postgraduate education is possible provided that reflexive mechanisms of activity are used in practice, presented in the form of reflexive techniques designed on the basis of the reflexive didactic method. Reflexive techniques in postgraduate education provide an optimal level of professional and personal development. A significant part of reflexive techniques is realized in group forms of activity, the most effective of them are reflexive workshops

PARADIGMATIC PREREQUISITES П PERSPECTIVES OF THE COMPETENCE APPROACH TO EDUCATION

The article discusses the conceptual signs of a paradigm shift in the modern scientific and pedagogical outlook in relation to psychological and phenomenological aspects of the perspectives of competence-based education.An attempt is made in outlining of the methodological specificities of the educational paradigm in the context of conditions of realization of Federal state educational standards of the third generation. Goal. The theoretical-methodological substantiation of the author’s concept of formation of research competences of students’ individual on the basis of paradigmatic approach to edu-cational phenomena and processes. Method and methodology of work. While working on the article were used methods of theoretical analysis of philosophical, psychological, pedagogical, cultural, axiological, personality-oriented and self-organized (from the standpoint of the individual) approach, scientific methods of classification, synthesis and comparison. Results. The signs of the educational paradigm in the information society to a binary criteria and paradigmatic complementarity of contradictions in crisis situations is justified. The significance of the psychological aspects of technologies of mass communication in the paradigm of formation of professional competence of the person skilled was conclusively determined. The assumption was formulated, according to which the formation of research competences of the student’s personality has paradigmatic characteristics, because the educational situation at the level of didactic technologies characterized by interactivity and integrative.

The transformation of the cultural memory through a prism of the Cyberspace

The paper considers the analysis of the cultural memory, which at the beginning of the XXI century underwent essential changes. The beginning of the memory research as a special phenomenon belongs to the Russian scientist, Nikolaj Miljukov [1] who has proved the emergence of social memory with the emergence of the intellectuals. In the article “Intellectuals and Historical Tradition”, Miljukov emphasizes the importance of social memory for the forward positive development of society. Since Halbwachs social memory gets the status of the independent research project. At the end of the XIX century the main theoretical concepts of social memory are formed: cultural and historical, semiotics, informational, psychological. The beginning of the third millennium is marked by the basic change of research trajectories of social memory. Specific research projects are put in the forefront. Such articles can be used as an example. The main research objective consists in the identification of the sociocultural bases of the transformation of social memory research. In modern investigations of the cultural memory, this phenomenon finds the new paradigmatic characteristics, which are fully submitted in the modern Internet space.

Trânsitos afetivos na poesia contemporânea: cartografias, relevos e percursos

Este texto pretende indagar sobre a forte presença de trabalhos artísticos, especialmente na poesia contemporânea, que apresentam uma cena de es­crita e leitura relacional e coletiva, que abre as no­ções de voz e subjetividade próprias aos encontros de afetação mútua com o outro. Tomando para isso e como fio condutor o trabalho de Marília Garcia, procuro me deter em alguns elementos paradig­máticos de uma poética dos afetos. Em primeiro lugar, na explicitação do próprio trabalho como um movimento permanente de escrita da leitura que, ao mesmo tempo, é resultado das leituras e encontros com poetas/amigos e a eles se endereça. Em seguida, na evidenciação da impossibilidade de um desenvolvimento pleno e sem atritos desse circuito, ou seja, da falha da correspondência entre a leitura e a escrita, entre representação e referente (conflito observado no trabalho sobre as cartografias). Por último, na construção delibera­da da obra como um percurso pautado pelos en­contros afetivos como momentos conflitantes, que performam criticamente essas falhas, projetando intervenções na cartografia que desestabilizam toda possibilidade de localização, mas ao mesmo tempo criam espaços de pertencimento.

The Dutch Galileo? The greatness of Huygens' scienceAndriesseC.D, Huygens. The man behind the principle , translated by Sally Miedema. Cambridge University Press, 2005. pp. xxvi+360, £55 (hardback).0-521-85090-8.

C.D Andriesse, Huygens. The man behind the principle , translated by Sally Miedema. Cambridge University Press, 2005. pp. xxvi+360, £55 (hardback). 0-521-85090-8. Towards the end of his life, Huygens paid tribute to Galileo in terms that describe the paradigmatic characteristics of a good

現代日本の建築作品における外部領域要素の配列 : 領域的性格からみた外部空間の構成形式に関する研究(3)

The aim of this study is to clarify the paradigmatic characteristics of the composition of exterior space in Japanese contemporary architecture. Exterior spatial elements are defined from superposition of two characters; solid-plane and artificial natural. Compositions of exterior space are formed by arrangement of those exterior spatial elements. So 16 types of composition are found. Comparing the every type, three compositional actions of architectural parts are clarified. Finally three fundamental compositions are pointed out ; complemented relation between buildings and volumes of trees, hierarchical integration of buildings and other elements, emphasis of arrangements forms.

公共文化施設における形態構成とビルディング・タイプ : ヴォリュームの複合から見た建築の構成形式に関する研究(2)

The study's aim is to clarify the paradigmatic characteristics of the exterior composition of contemporary Japanese public institution and their relationship to the building types. First defined are compositional units as mass and non-mass, and syntagmatic operations in their combination. Massive units are analyzed in two levels of exterior composition, constructive articulation and formal articulation. Secondly comparing the whole composition of the buildings, three independent rhetorics are structurized ; contrast in the articulation of elements in the main mass, syntagmatic operations in the main mass and syntagm by the exterior form. In conclusion some compositional types responds to the main function of the public institution, which is thought to be one of the structures differentiating the building types as exterior composition.

都市型中高層建築のファサードにおける形態構成 : ヴォリュームの複合から見た建築の構成形式に関する研究(3)

The study's aim is to clarify the paradigmatic characteristics of the exterior composition of multistory buildings in the urban context. Materials are analyzed in three levels of exterior composition; expression of building surface, expression of circulation core, and expression of geometry. Comparing the whole composition of the buildings, four independent rhetorics are structurized; transparency of the interior compositional system, frontality and solidity by the condition of the site, geometry of the surface and the whole and independency of the part and the whole, which show the structures differentiating the exterior composition of the multistory buildings according to the inner conditions such as accumulation of slabs and circulation core.